History of Macedonia

History of Macedonia (HistoryofMacedonia.
org) is a scholarly research dedicated to the 2500 years long history of Macedonia and the Macedonian nation. We are Ma cedonians, not Greeks, not Serbs, not Bulgarians, not Slavs. Our Macedonian for efathers fought for free and independent Macedonia more then 100 years ago, and struggled against the Greek, Serbian, and Bulgarian propaganda. Our ancestors c onquered the Persian Empire and ruled the known world for centuries before Rome was a power. Here we proudly present the documented 25 centuries of our rich hi story beginning with its roots in Ancient Macedonia.
Popular articles Alexander III the Great - King of Macedonia Philip II of Macedon - King of Macedonia The Macedonian-Greek Conflict Why is Greece Stealing the Macedonian History? Why Macedonia and the Macedonians had never been Greek? Why the Macedonians and the Bulgarians are two Separate Nations? Why the Macedonians are not "Slavs"? Macedonian Criticism of Oliver Stone's film Alexander
Evidence of 2500 years long existence of the Macedonian Nation Documents of Continued Existence of Macedonia and the Macedonian Nation for a period of over 2500 years Book: "The Descendents of Alexander the Great of Macedon - Arguments and evi dence that today's Macedonians are descendents of the ancient Macedonians" by Al exander Donski of Macedonia Why Macedonia and the Macedonians had never been Greek? Why the Macedonians and the Bulgarians are two Separate Nations? Why the Macedonians are not "Slavs"? Genetic Research 1: Ancient Macedonian Genes found in Today's Macedonian Na tion, not-related to the Greek Nation The full report of the Genetic Research 1 showing today's Macedonians are d irect descendents of the ancient Macedonians Genetic Research 2: Genetic differences between Macedonians in Greece and t he Greeks
Concise History of Macedonia
Map of Historical Ethnic Macedonia Timeline of the History of Macedonia Short history of Macedonia Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John S hea Similarities Between Ancient Macedonian and Today's Macedonian Culture by A lexander Donski of Macedonia
Ancient Macedonia The Distinctive Ethnicity of the Macedonians Differences Between the Ancient Macedonians and the Ancient Greeks by J.S. Gandeto Ancient Quotes on the Macedonians as Distinct Nation Diodorus - Plutarch - Pausanias - Livy - Herodotus - Justin - Isocrates - P tolemy - Polybius - Demosthenes - Arrian Curtius Rufus - Josephus - Thracymachus - Pseudo-Scylax - Thucydides - Stra bo - Pseudo-Herodotus - Ephoros Modern Historians on the Macedonians as Distinct Nation Alexander the Great DID NOT care about Hellenism nor Hellenization Greeks and Macedonians by Ernst Badian (Harvard University) Greece and Macedon by P.A. Brunt (translator of Arrian) The Ancient Macedonians and Their Language Ancient Macedonian - Distinct Indo-European Language Why were the Macedonians styled as "Greeks" in the 19th Century? Why is Greece Stealing the Macedonian History? Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John S hea The Modern Greek Propaganda "Pan-Macedonian" Association - Greek Racist Group Greek Propagandist Websites - the Case of truth.macedonia.gr The Distortions of Modern Western and Greek historians The Myth of Greek Ethnic Purity History of Ancient Macedonia History of Ancient Macedonia Kings of Macedonia Philip II of Macedon - King of Macedonia Alexander III the Great - King of Macedonia Alexander the Great DID NOT care about Hellenism nor Hellenization Antipater - Macedonian Army General and Regent Perdiccas - Macedonian Army General Antigonus I the One-Eyed - Macedonian Army General Craterus - Macedonian Army General Cassander - King of Macedonia Eumenes - Greek General in the Macedonian Army
Lysimachus - Macedonian King of Thrace Tomb of the Last Macedonian King Perseus Found after Joint Italian-Macedoni an Excavation Effort History of the Macedonian rule in Asia and Egypt History of the Macedonian Kingdom in Asia Seleucus I - Macedonian King of Asia History of the Macedonian Kingdom in Egypt Ptolemy I - Macedonian King of Egypt
Roman Macedonia Why the Byzantine Empire was not a "Greek Empire"? Macedonian Dynasty - Macedonian Epoch Macedonian Dynasty - Macedonian Emperors of Byzantium Origin and Ethnicity of Czar Samuel Origin and Ethnicity of SS. Cyril and Methodius
Ottoman Macedonia Evidence of Macedonia in the Ottoman Period The Macedonian Uprising in Kresna 1878 Attempts of Hellenization Statistics of the Population of Macedonia before its Partition and the "Mac edonian Question"
Partitioned Macedonia Map depicting the partition of Macedonia by Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and A lbania in 1913 The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia The Treaty of Bucharest, August 10, 1913 The King of the Greeks on the Greek Occupation of Macedonia The Idea of Macedonian Liberation between the Two World Wars The Macedonian Question in Foreign Relations
Independent Macedonia The Establishment of the Macedonian State In the Second World War Republic of Macedonia - From a Member State of the Yugoslav Federation to a Sovereign Independent State Map of Independent Republic of Macedonia Macedonia in Pictures by MacedoniaFAQ Legal Aspects of problems of representation in the UN by Dr. Igor Janev
Macedonian-Greek Conflict The Macedonian-Greek Conflict
Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John S hea "Greece is an unworthy EU member" by Gunnar Nissen for Morgaenavisen Jyllan ds-Posten, Danemark Greek Evidence on the Authenticity of the Macedonians Summary of "the Inhabited Places in Aegean Macedonia"
Macedonian Minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Macedonians in Greece Organization for European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among which are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Greece Map of Aegean Macedonia showing the areas where Macedonians live Human Rights Watch International Condemns Greece for Oppressing the Macedon ians Radio Free Europe Plea for Recognition of the Macedonian language in Greece Greek Helsinki on the Macedonian Minority in Greece Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Macedonians in Greece Greece Condemned for Discriminating against Macedonian Minority Aegean Part of Macedonia after the Balkan Wars Memorandum sent by the Macedonians to the Balkan states Declaration of the Association of banished Macedonians from the Republic of Greece Petition Association of the Macedonians of the Aegean Part of Macedonia Greek Evidence on the Authenticity of the Macedonians Macedonians in Bulgaria Organization for European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among which are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria The Macedonian Minority in Bulgaria Bulgaria has recognized the Macedonian Minority - April 12, 2002 Bulgaria to recognize the Macedonian Orthodox Church Bulgarian Falsification of Macedonian History Map of the Times Atlas of World History showing Pirin Macedonia as entirely Macedonian Why the Macedonians and the Bulgarians are two Separate Nations?
Macedonians in Albania Organization for European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among which are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Albania The Macedonian Minority in Albania Council of Europe: Albania is a Multiethnic State Macedonian and Greek Minorities in Albania Boycott the 2001 Census Macedonia Criticizes Albania over the 2001 Census Kimet Fetahu - Macedonian Activist and University Professor in Tirana Edmond Temelko - President of the Macedonian organization "Prespa" in Alban ia
Macedonian Symbols The Macedonian Sun The Macedonian Lion http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/
History of Macedonia first part The legend for MACEDONIA it's: the God of the sun ILE, FALLEN IN LOVE in the goddess MA, from their union come Makedon (son of God)
Macedonian representacion of Goddess MA (the flower) and God ILE (the Sun) the Macedonian Sun vith 16 rays and the flower in the center MA and ILE
M A K E D O N I A - M A C E D O N I A LAND of the Mother of God M A K E D O N I A LAND OF THE SUN AND TO THE FLOWERS MAKE DON IJA MAKEDONIJA MAKEDONIA MACEDONIA MAKE - mother 100% macedonian word DON - God IJA - land the Macedonians childrens of the Mother of God Ma - Makedonija - MAKEDON and MY
- and i am children of the Mother of God Ma - Makedonia
macedonian coins from Aegea before king Karan ( the exp elled king) The ancient Macedonian capital Aegea ( Ege) i s mentioned by ZET (king), IGAL AL, ruler of Zeta - ancient state before 1400 B .C. who boasted that he destroy the city Ege and his shield adorned with the Sun of 8 zeti (rays). That was around 1400-1380 BC. Macedonia is mentioned in the book of Melegene (Homer) T he Illiad and The Odyssey in the War of Ilion (The Trojan War) which lasted arou nd 1194-1184 B.C. which means 550-580 B.C. years before macedonian king Karan. The name of Aegean sea come from ancient MACEDONIAN capital Aegea ( Ege) . The ancient name of Balcanic Penisola it's Macedonian Penisola . THAT IS THE PROVE the MACEDONIANS LIVED HERE FROM ANCIENT TIMES
coin fron the land Ilion and he capital ILI (Troy )
- Iliad and the Odyssey - the Homer book - ILI - ancient god of SUN ,..macedonians have the su n like simbol - AD -ada - LAND - ODYS - ODISH (macedon ,...and today 100% macedonia n word ) - GO (english) - SEY - SEI 100% macedon word and today - seed (engl ish) ODYSSEY in macedon CAN be interpreted and like STORY or AVENTURA story for the land ILI god of the sun - ILIAD and the ODYSSEY The name of the land is ILION from hire ILI - ada (land of ILI god of the Sun ) and Odyssey,...AND ILI (Troy) IT'S THE CAPITAL OF THISE STATE.. ... the title of the book, the words who is clearly NOT greeks,..thise w ords say clearly that for the Athenians manipulation. there are more of 3000 mac edonians words in thise book WHO its and today MODERN macedonians words ... this e book it contains 40 000 words ancients macedonians words ,.. The ancient helle ns WHERE are NOT MARKED to any place of thise book like hellens AND for much tim e the Athenians CAN NOT to translation thise words ,..... thise book is manipula ted from Athenians ,..exactly for ORDER to Pisistratus - ???????????? (venetian alfabet) the Athenian - tiran - governor give ORDER TO translat thise book and t o BE ADAPTED for the Athenians costums ,... Homer IS PHENICIAN and is NOT Atheni an. Homer never live in Athena. Homer been born near the Meleto river in the Asia Minor
The date of Homer's existence was controversial in antiquity and is no less so t oday. Herodote said that Homer lived 400 years before his own time, which would place him at around 850 BC but other ancient sources gave dates much closer to the supposed time of the Tro jan War.The date of the Trojan War was given as 1194 - 1184 BC by Eratosthenes, who strove to establish a scientific chronology of events and this date is gaini ng support because of recent archaeological research According to Herodot's( the Ionian historian) the date of the birth of Homer wo uld oscillate between the 1194 and 1184 B.C,that is it would have lived little a fter the war of Troy,.. in other Homer biographies it turns out instead been born in posterior, age towa rds l' VIII century B.C. one says that the true name of Homer would have been Melesigene - been born near the Meleto river Asia Minor .
In honor of the victory over Persia , Macedonian king A lexander I organize the Olympic Games to the north side from the Holy Mountain O LIMP. At those Olympics Alexander I invites all nations who took part in the fig ht against Persia . WITH THAT THESE GAMES HAVE BEEN Were FIRST INTERNATIONAL GAM ES Organized by the Macedonians.
Macedonian king Alexander I , organizer of the first Olympic Games So Organizer IT'S ALEXANDER I king of Macedonia and it is held to THE Hol y Mountain Olimp , in Macedonian territory ,..truly in the north part of the H oly Mountain Olimp ,...Mountain who with It borders and with Tesaly , nations who it's not hellens and it's not city states buth kingdoms with king . from hire that it's IMMORAL LIE that the Olympic Games it's greek it' s not truth and not logical because in this time the greeks DON'T EXIST. .. G reece or Hellas for the first time in history is Get into 1829 with the assista nce and protection of France, Russia and the United Kingdom under King OTTO fro m Vitelsbah the Prince of Bavaria born in Salzburg, June 1, 1815 and died in Bam berg July 26, 1867. FOR THAT THE THEORY OF THE GREEK OLYMPIC GAMES it's IMMOR AL LIE it's not truth , not logical AND INVENT . While macedonian king rlai I continued the tradition w ho started his grandfather macedonian king Alexander I and introduced the holi day lipmpia, who it's religious holiday with athletic competitions in honor o f the victory over the Persians , ILE - the God of the Sun and muses in the Te mple of ILE. Most great athletes and cultural workers were collected in one pla ce for the event to the north part of the Holy Mountain Olimp . With the parti cipation to the more nations thise sporting event he had an international char acter. Macedonian king Arxelai I - a man of culture
After the fall of the Macedonian Monarchy the Olympic Games were banned by the R omans : ''because to maintain law and order''. Olympic Games in 1896 were re-restored , BUT NOW WITH LIE ....That the anc ient Olympic Games BEEN ''GREEK'',.. How is it possible ? the greeks and greek s tate DON'T EXIST in thise time,.... the Olympic Games Had been maintained on M
acedonian territory nd organizer BEEN Macedonian rulers.
THE MACEDONIAN SUN WITH SIXTEEN SOLAR RAYS (first used by and the others peoples) FOR FIRST TIME INTRODUCED BY PHILIPOY MAKEDONON - THE MACEDONIAN , (purpose Macedonian) WHO REPRESENTS UNIFICATION OF SIXTEEN MACEDO N TRIBES IN ONE STATE BY PHILIP II the MACEDONIAN KING , Than for OF GRATITUDE FROM MACEDONIANS HAS RECEIVED TITLE : >>>> MAKEDONON - THE MACEDONIAN <<<< TH E MOST GLORIOUS TITLE THAT MAY RECEIVE ONE MACEDONIAN KING BY MACEDONIANS. The M acedonian tribe who Philip Macedon that he had unified it's: Adrians, Perdichian s, Linchistidians, Peons, Odrisians, Moesians, Orestians, Almopians, Elimeteans , Halkidichians, Pelagonians, Ilirians, Meleisians (pirians), rachians, Dardanians and ribalians. BEFORE THE UNIFICATION THE MACEDONIAN SUN WAS WITH EIGHT SOLAR RAYS.
Macedonia before Philip II Macedon
Macedonia in the time of Philip II Macedon ...''Alexander Makedonon is Makedon, Makedon is Alexander Makedonon. Hei to know: Alexander Makedonon glory king Makedon, we macedonians don't give. we don't care for your number, in the battle we are stronger. EI, Alexander, EI, Makedon. Alexander Makedonon glory king Makedon, us l ead. '' [2] -Battle of Chaeronea Philip Makedonon joined Alexander with his army in 338 BC and they marched down through Thermopylae, which they took with a struggle from its Theban garrison an d went on to occupy the city of Elatia, a few days march from both Athens and Th ebes. Meanwhile, the Athenians led by Demosthenes voted for an alliance with The bes in opposition to Macedon. Both Athens and Macedon sent embassies to Thebes i n order to win Thebes' favour with Athens eventually gaining the alliance. Philip carried out the mission appointed to him by the Sacred League and marched on Amphissa, captured the mercenaries sent there by Demosthenes and accepted th e city's surrender. Philip retreated back to Elatea and sent a final offer of pe ace to Athens and Thebes which was rejected. Battle plan of the Battle of ChaeroneaThe Macedonian army of 30,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry met the united Theban and Athenian army of 30,000 men at Chaerone a in Boeotia. Philip Makedonon commanded the Macedonian right and he gave Alexan der command of the elite, Companion Cavalry - Cheta Iroi - battalion heroes, on the left flank to counter the elite Theban Sacred Band on the left flank, while Philip faced the Athenians lead by the inexperienced Demosthenes.
Philip managed to draw the Athenian left flank out of its defense position on a slope by feigning retreat. This also drew the Athenian centre from their positio n and they advanced to attack Philip. Alexander exploited this opportunity and c harged the gap between the Thebans and the Athenian centre. Following some stron g resistance, Alexander managed to route the Theban and slaughter the Sacred Ban d to the last man before attacking the Athenian centre. Philip's men broke the A thenian right and they attacked Athenian centre at the same time as Alexander ma king it break a flee. Philip sold the captured Theban soldiers as slaves before establishing a garriso n in Thebes and executing or banishing some of the city's anti-Macedonian leader s. From Thebes, he went to Athens were he gave them their captured soldiers back without a ransom. Macedonia after died of Philipoy Makedonon - Suppression of the rebellions to Tebes DISTRUCTION to Thebes Believing the cityes states Tebes and Athina would remain calm, Alexander retur ned to Macedonian, marched east into Thrace, and campaigned as far as the Danube river. He defeated the Thracians and Tribalians in series of battles and drove the rebels beyond the river. Then he marched back across Macedonia and on his re turn crushed in a single week the threatening Illyrians, before they could recei ve additional reinforcements. But now in Hellas, upon rumors of his death, a major revolt broke out that engul fed the whole nation. Enraged, Alexander marched south covering 240 miles in two weeks appearing before the walls of Thebes with large Macedonian army. He let t he hellens know that it was not too late for them to change their minds, but the Thebans confident in their position called Athina to join them against the Mac edonians. They were not aware that the Athenians and the Peloponnesians, stunned by the speed of the Macedonian king, quickly reconsidered their options and wer e now awaiting the outcome of the battle before they make their next move. Alexander's general Perdiccas attacked the gates, broke into the city, and Alexa nder moved with the rest of the army behind him to prevent the Thebans from cutt ing him off. The Macedonians stormed the city, killing everyone in sight, women and children included. 6,000 Thebans citizens died and 30,000 more were sold as slaves. The city where Alexander's father was kept as hostage for three years, w as plundered, sacked, burned, and razed to the ground. Only the temples and the house of the poet Pindar were spared from distraction. This was example to the A thens and the other rebels quickly rethought their quest for freedom. Pelopones remained under Macedonian rule. - The Battle of Granicus - Alexandroy Makedonon - Military Campaign of Asia With the conquered territories firmly in Macedonian control, Alexandroy Makedono n completed the final preparations for the invasion of Asia. The 22 year-old kin g appointed Philip's experienced general Antipater as regent in his absence to p reside over the affairs of Macedonia , left him a significant force of 13,500 Ma cedonian soldiers to watch the city states , Thrace, Ilyria, and protect Macedo nia, and set out for the Hellespont (modern Dardanelles) in the spring of 334 BC . As his ship approached the Asia Minor's coast, he threw his spear from abroad an d stuck it in the ground. He stepped onto the shore, pulled the weapon from the soil, and declared that the whole of Asia would be won by the Macedonian spear. In the army there were 25,000 Macedonians, soldiers of The League of Corinth: 6, 600 acaranians, aetolians, corintians, athinians (who been simply hostages) and
8,000 Thracians, Illyrians and Peonians, but the chief officers were all Macedo nians, and Macedonians also commanded the foreign troops. Alexander's second in command was Philip's general Parmenio, the other important commanders being Perd icca, Crateroy, Coen, Meleager, Antigonoy, and Parmenio's son Philota. The army soon encountered the forces of King Darius III. There were 40,000 Persians and I onians and atinians (20,000 each) waiting for them at the crossing of the river Granicus, near the ancient city of Troy. These atinians had joined the Persians in the years following the defeat of the atinian army by Philip Makedonon at C haeronea. It is important to note the number of atinians on the both sides. The atinians in the Macedonian train were mobilized by the Macedonians, and histor ians Peter Green and Ulrich Wilcken speak of them as hostages that would ensure the good behavior of their countrymen left behind in ciy state Athina and Pelop ones under the watch of Antipater's Macedonian garrisons. Not surprisingly, the hellens in Alexander's army played insignificant role in the upcoming battles, o nly to be discharged when convenient. But far greater number of hellens joined the Persians brushing away the memory of the Persian invasion of At sohina and S partaa anthe other city states me 150 years ago. The Macedonians defeated the Persians and put them to flight and although the Io nians and atinians held their ground and fiercely fought, the battle ended in M acedonian victory. Almost the entire Ionian and Athinians force was annihilated . 18,000 perished on the banks of Granicus and the 2,000 survivors were sent to forced labor in Macedonia. The Macedonians lost only 120 men according to tradi tion. - The Battle of Issus In the autumn of 333 BC, the Macedonian army's encountered the Persian forces un der the command of King Darius III himself at a mountain pass at Issus in northw estern Syria. 30,000 hellens again formed a sizable addition to the Darius' army as elite fighters and were positioned directly against the Macedonian phalanx. Describing the atmosphere before a battle, the Roman historian Curtius explained how Alexander raised the morale of the Macedonians, Illyrians, Peonians , Thrac ians , atinians,acarasnians in his army, one at the time: "Riding to the front line he (Alexander the Macedon) named the sold iers and they responded from spot to spot where they were lined up. The Macedoni ans, who had won so many battles in Europe and set off to invade Asia ... got en couragement from him - he reminded them of their permanent values. They were the world's liberators and one day they would pass the frontiers set by Hercules an d Father Liber. They would subdue all races on Earth. Bactria and India would be come Macedonian provinces. Getting closer to the hellens , he reminded them that those were the people (the Persians on the other side) who provoked war with Ma cedonia and cities states, ... those were the people that burned their temples and cities ... As the Illyrians and Thracians lived mainly from plunder, he told them to look at the enemy line glittering in gold ..." (Q. Curtius Rufus 3.10.4 -10) Darius's army greatly outnumbered the Macedonians, but the Battle of Issus ended in a big victory for Alexander. Ten's of thousands of Persians, Ionians , and o ther Asiatic soldiers were killed and king Darius fled in panic before the Maced onian phalanx, abandoning his mother, wife, and children behind. Alexander trea ted them with the respect out of consideration for their royalty.
After the siege of Tyre (332 BC), Alexander entrusted his fleet to Hephaes tion, who had orders to skirt the coast and head for Gaza, their next objective, while Alexander himself led the army overland. Hephaestion's task was not an ea sy one, for this was not the Athenian fleet with which Alexander had started, an
d had earlier disbanded, but a motley collection of semi-reluctant allies of man y nationalities, who would need holding together with patience and strength. Fur thermore, on arrival at Gaza, the cargo of siege engines had to be unloaded, tra nsported across difficult terrain, and reassembled. Plutarch, while writing about Alexander's correspondence, reveals an occasion wh en Hephaestion was away on business, and Alexander wrote to him. The subject mat ter suggests that this took place while they were in Egypt. What business Hephae stion was attending to we do not know, but Andrew Chugg has suggested that it wa s concerned either with his command of the fleet or Athenian diplomacy. He quote s sources which suggest that Hephaestion had been approached by Aristion of Athe ns to effect a reconciliation between Alexander and Demosthenes, and certainly, Athens' inaction during the revolt of the Spartan king, Agis III, would seem to support the idea. As Chugg says, "If he did persuade Alexander to reach an accom modation with Demosthenes at this critical juncture, as would seem likely from t he circumstances, then he was significantly responsible for saving the situation for Macedon in Hellas by preventing the revolt of Agis spreading to Athens and her allies. -The Battle of Gaugamela At Tyre, Alexander received reinforcements from Europe, reorganized his forces, and started for Babylon. He conquered the lands between rivers Tigris and Euphra tes and found the Persian army at the plains of Gaugamela, near modern Irbil in Iraq, which according to the exaggerated accounts of antiquity was said to numbe r a million men. The Macedonians spotted the lights from the Persian campfires a nd encouraged Alexander to lead his attack under cover of darkness. But he refus ed to take advantage of the situation because he wanted to defeat Darius in an e qually matched battle so that the Persian king would never again dare to raise a n army against him. The two armies met on the battlefield the next morning, October 1, 331 BC. On the Persian side were numerous Asiatic nations - Bactrians, Indians, Medians , Sogdians, even Albanians from the Caucasus, the ancestors of the modern Albani ans who many centuries later migrated to Europe and are now northern neighbors t o the modern Greeks(hellens) and western neighbors to the modern Macedonians. Th e survivors of the 50,000 Ionians and athinians which Darius had on his side at the beginning of the war were also among the Persian ranks. At the beginning of the battle the Persian forces split and separated the two Ma cedonians wings. The wing of general Parmenio appeared to be backing down, but A lexander's cavalry rode straight after Darius and forced again his flight like h e did at Issus. Darius fled to Ecbatana in Media, and Alexander occupied Babylon , the imperial capital Susa, and the Persian capital Persepolis, and was hencefo rth proclaimed king of Asia. Four months later, the Macedonians burned the royal palace in Persepolis, completing the end of the ancient Persian Empire. - Suppression of the Athinian and Spartan rebellion, Discharge of the athinians , and the Death of Darius III Meanwhile in Athina , under the leadership of Sparta rose to a rebel lion against the Macedonian occupation. Antipater was in Thrace at the time and the hellens took the opportunity to push back the Macedonian forces. But their i nitial victory did not last for long as Antipater returned with a large army, de feated the rebels, and regained Athina and Sparta. 5,300 athino-spartans , inclu ding the Spartan king Agis III were killed, while the Macedonians lost 3,500 men . In Asia, the news of the beginning of the helenic rebellion had Alex ander so deeply worried, that he immediately sent money to Antipater to counter
it. And when he learned that the hellens were defeated, Alexandroy Makedonon di scharged all soldiers of the League of Corinth forces in his army. He no longer needed these hostages and potential troublemakers. Macedonian Empire of Alexander III Macedon [4] War against macedonians - Lamian War The Lamian War , also referred to as the War against macedonians , was fought by th e Athenians and their Aetolian, Locrian, and Phocian allies against the Macedoni ans in Thessaly during the winter of (323 322 BC). After some initial successes, t he Athenians and her allies besieged the town of Lamia, located on the southern slope of the Othrys Mountains on the Malic Gulf, where Antipater, regent of Mace don and commander of the Macedonian forces in Europe, had taken refuge behind th e substantial fortifications of the city. Unsuccessful in their siege, the rebel Athenians were eventually defeated at the Battle of Crannon in Thessaly in 322, bringing the uprising to an end. Following Alexander the Great s death in 323 in Babylon, the Athenians were moved to be liberate from Macedonian hegemony, whence the name War against macedonian s . Shortly before Alexander expired he had ordered the return of all exiles hith erto banished from the hellenic cities states . For the most part this measure w as popular, but was unwelcome in Athens and Aetolia for different reasons, and t he death of Alexander was to be their opportunity for repealing this act. Swayed principally by Hypereides, a staunch anti-Macedonian rhetor and demagogue, the Athenians went to war in the hopes of engendering a new, anti-Macedonian League , and appointed Leosthenes general of the allied forces. Battles The total anti-macedonian force at the outset of the war appears to have been 2 5,000 strong and was comprised of up to 10,000 Athenians, 12,000 Aetolians and v arious contingents of mercenary forces. Antipater, commander of the Macedonian forces in Europe, meanwhile scrambled to assemble Macedonian troops, most of which were engaged in Asia or in transit to or from that continent. He set out against the rebels with an initial force of s ome 13,000 troops, with messages sent to various commanders to bring reinforceme nts. The Thessalians originally sided with Antipater, but were quickly persuaded to j oin the Athenians as allies. This sudden shift in strength led to some early con federate successes against Antipater, and he was constrained to seek refuge in t he fortified city of Lamia. The Athenians and her allies, despite their early su ccesses, were bogged down in their siege of Lamia. The well-walled town proved i mpregnable to the Athenians, and their commander Leosthenes was mortally wounded during a sallying forth from the city by the Macedonians who sought to harass t heir ditch-digging besiegers. His death prompted the Athenians to retreat. That year Hypereides pronounced the funeral oration over the dead including his friend Leosthenes. Antiphilus was appointed as his replacement. Soon after the A thenian retreat from the walls of Lamia, Macedonian reinforcements, 20,000 infan try and 1,500 calvarly, arrived from Asia under the command of Leonnat. The Athe nian naval fleet had been defeated at the battle of Amorgos and had not succeede d in preventing these reinforcements succoring Antipater. The Athenian and allied forces were finally defeated in 322 at the Battle of Cra nnon in central Thessaly after Antipater had managed to join with Leonnatus and
Craterus. Together they beat back the weary Athenians in a long series of cavalr y and hoplite engagements. While the allied forces were not routed, the outcome was decisive enough to compel the Athenians and her allies to sue for peace on A ntipater s terms Antipater made peace treaties with the rebellious cities separately and on g enerous terms. The Athenians were made to dissolve their government and establis h a plutocratic system in its stead, whereby only those possessing 2,000 drachma s or more could remain citizens. This was done in the belief that the poorer ele ments of the society had compelled the war in the first place. Hypereides was co ndemned to death, fled, and was probably captured and killed in Euboea. Demosthe nes was forced to commit suicide by Antipater for his role in supporting the War against macedonians. [5] THE OTHER REASONS BECAUSE THE MACEDONIANS ARE NOT HELLENS (GREEKS ) Greece or Hellas for the first time in history is Get into 1829 with the assis tance and protection of France, Russia and the United Kingdom under King OTTO f rom Vitelsbah the Prince of Bavaria born in Salzburg, June 1, 1815 and died in B amberg July 26, 1867 . When King Otto of Greece came in Greece in 1830, he hardly heard anyone speak in Greek and so he asked: "Where are the Greeks in Athens?" His court looked at each other and answered: "There are no Greeks, but do not be troubled because this Albanian population will always be faithful to your monar chy". Zaharias Papantoniou, "King Otto" [1].The Ionian historian Herodotus - Before the terito ry of the United City States was populated with Pelasgians and with coming to th e Ionians they was ASSIMILATED in hellens (Herodote I, 57-58) . [2] The ionian historian HERODOTUS WRITES : WHEN PELAZG IANS START TO SPEAKING HELLENIC LANGUAGE START TO BE CONSIDERED BY THE HELLENS LIKE HELLENS NOT BY GENETIC ASIMILATION . - Isocrates; Pelasgians a non hellenic population spoke a barbarian l anguage that he dont understand. Only after learning the hellenic language did T HEY BECOME hellens. If they speak hellenic unquestinably be classed as hellens/ Isocrates in the Letter 9 to Archidamus . - Isocrates , Has brought it about that tha name Hellenes suggest NO LONGER a rase but an intelligence , and that the title Hellenes is APPLIED rathe r to those who shere our culture than to those . [3] .The INVENTION OF THE NAME FROM THE Ionian historia n Herodotus : The name of hellens come from the city HELLEA ,the first city wher e come in sauth of Europe the Ionians , from Arabic penisola and Africa .The nam e of hellens come from thise city Hellea who is concuist from the Pelasgians. - Herodotus: Athina is old Pelazgian city. .................
.......
witch meens daughter (on macedonian) HAVE BEEN
- Herodotus: The DEFENSE WALLS og Athina and Michena FAIRIES FROM the PELASGIANS 1. Buth WE macedonians have and oure linguistics theory :
name HELLENS come form MACEDONIAN word : ISELENI ,translatein english :TRANSFER RED SELEN(macedon)- HELEN(greek)ELLA(come-greek ,ELA -come -macedon)-ELLAS - HELLAS - TRANSFERRED(english) [4]. Diodorus - Cadmus ,Phoenician founder of Thebes( around 1400 B.C) and brother of Europa taught to the Hellens the alphabet, which he had brought from Phoenicia .Hellens taught these letters by the Phoenicians and adopted them, with a few alterations,for their own use, continuing to refer to them as the Phoenician characters (110.III Pg.305) . - THE ANCIENT IONIAN ALPHABET IS NOT OLDER of 800 B.C http://phoenicia.org/cadmus.html [5] The Romans RINAMED the popolation under Termopile in GREEKS after the battle to the place Greko. - Pausanias ; 2.1.14 .. Corinth is NO LONGER inhabited by any of the o ld Corinthians,BUT BY COLONIST PUT by ROMANS [6] Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus one of the biger experts of ancient macedonian history AND hime selfe life in the time of ancient macedonian s when macedonians be inslaved by the Romans IT WRITES :the Macedonians have PEL AZGIAN ORIGIN (Justin. VII, 1, 3) [7] .Titus Livius, book XXX, . 29 still exists not assimilated Pelazgians AFTER coming to the Romans to the Pelopones and thise is the AKARANIANS and AETIOLIANS and they speak spread like Macedonians Tit Livi, book XXX, p. 29 the Akaranians ,Aetiolians and Macedonias THEY SPEAK SAME language DIFFERENT and NOT HELLENIC language - ''Aetolos, Acarnanas, Macedonas eiusdem li nguae hominess'' [8] .The biger ancient ahinian geograf Strbos- ??????? it writes : Tesalia the land BETWEEN Athina and Macedonia the poplation who li fe in Tesalia is with Pelazgian origin (, p. 221-4) - The popolation in Tesalia is from RELASGIAN origin [10].Ancient athinian ore spartan language is TOTALLY differente of the modern greek language who is on of the two greek dialects Kath arevousa und Dimotiki START selectet 1976 by linguistic greeks experts ,1976. -The athinian ancient language is TOTALLY di fferent of the modern greek language and the Greeks must to go in school to unde rstand and to interpret the ancient athinian language - DIFEREN the MODERN MACEDONIANS UNDERSTANDS 100 % the ancient words from ancients Macedonians and TO AS is dont need to go in sc hool to UNDERSTAND oure macedonian language
OUR MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE who for centuries IS not changed ,.. oure macedonian language IT'S SAYS who we are and that it's MACEDONIANS. [11]. According to the ancient athinians all pe rsons who speaks their language involves and creed can be to declare itself HELL ENS ,... THISE RULE IT WAS NOT WORTH for Aristotel who is REFUSED from Athinians and Athinian ancient university because it was not been BORN HELLEN ,... - Ironic and to laugh its that the greks is man ipulated from they teachers who teach them that THE ARISTOTEL GIVE THEM THE NAME GREECE AND from hire GREEKS because Aristotel for the first time coll the athin ians like GREEKS... the greeks today want to sey THE man who is REFUSED from an cient hellens give them the name to modern greeks ,... Greece and Greeks [12] The ancient librarie from Alexandia who fon dator is Ptolomei the cousins of Alehander III Macedon the Great is BURN from th e Romans and some of the books of Aristotel is transcribed in arabic FOR arabs u se and not only books from Aroistotel , its MANIPULATED AND mistaken interpreted ... from these books the modern civil world know for the ancient history ,..tha nks to arabs ,... [13] ???????? is ancient macedonian - venetian written AND it's MACEDONIAN word ???????? -VASILEOS - ??? ??? ?? ??? - VASH (macedon) YOURE (english) ??? - BOGOT na sonceto-vashiot bog (macedon) GOD of the SUN ???????? - VASILEOS - YOURE KING - YOURE MASTER (english ) - TVOJOT VLADETEL ( macedonian ) [14] Greece like UNITED STATE FOR FIRST TIME IN THE HISTORY 1829 with german monarh Otto: "When King Otto of Greece came in Greece in 1830, he har dly heard anyone speak in Greek and so he asked: "Where are the Greeks in Athens ?" His court looked at each other and answered: "There are no Greeks, but do not be troubled because this Albanian population will always be faithful to your mo narchy". King Otto, Zaharias Papantoniou
[Then in 1042, the Romea (Byzantine Empire) attacked by macedonian insurrection under command to the macedonian leader Petar Delian, aft er having defeated the Arabs in Sicily and having brought the Sicilian Albanians under their command and christianizing them. The leader of the Byzantines who l ed the Albanians was named Georgius Maniakos. Maniakos brought Albanian mercenar ies from Sicily to fight the Macedonians insurrection and they settled in two wa ves in modern day Albania, first the mercanaries came, and then came the women a nd children. After the defeat of Maniakos, the Byzantines would not let the Alba nians return, thus the Albanians requested that the Macedonians let them stay on the land. They settled under mount Raban and the city of Berat and from this, t he macedonians called them "Rabanasi" or "Arbanasi". The city of Berat was known as Belgrad also, before the Albanians came to settle there. They mostly tended sheep and cattle.] The true interpretation of name SLOVEN is: SLO - VEN : w ords to the Venets, people who speaks venetian language
GEORGE KASTRIOT GEOGE KASTRIOT
George Kastriot - a second Alexander Macedon was born May 6. 1405, di ed January 17. 1468 is buried in Kroia. George Kastrioti is a prince and later ruler of Macedonia and Epirus in Kroia a capital, today Albania or otherwise MOUNTAIN MACEDONIA. He is a son of Ivan and Vojislava ( sister of Prince Marko) daughter Volkasin Prilep-king who was the brother to Ugljesa Ser king, two tragic actors in battle of Marica. George Kastrioti was a personal friend with neapols Kng Alfonso, many ti mes sent soldiers Weird Heapol to defend King Alfonso of enemies. George Kastrioti when was young, his father send hime in school to Veni ce, where he earned and military education. >>>>>>>>>> That: George Kastriot was ca ptured by the Ottomans with the they brothers. His older brothers: Constantine a nd Reposh were killed,. (Repsh, son of Ivan (+ 1449) was a diplomat and abbot of the monastery of St. George of Mount Athos, where he is is buried) ''....if is killed how become diplomat and abbot of the monastery of St. George of Mount Ath os''? , and Giorge Kastriot became a soldier - ianichar, the favorite of the Sul tan Murat is a BIG LIE <<<<<<<<
"Bartleti Martin, the oldest biography of the 14th century, calls: George Kastriot George REX MACEDUM Certainly, the family Kastriot is from Macedonian tribe Miyaks, The wo rd "castrate" is Macedonian etymology, as the word: kastri - trimming Data on important figures from the ancestry Kastriotite: - Constantine (1186-1247) ruler-arhont. Ruled territory until Middle the Matia, the city Drcha (Drac) to the north, to below Ioannina, i n the south. - John (1261-1327), known as Kaninski was ruler. Propert y of his grandfather Constantine has spread to the north over river Drin, coveri ng the cities , Dajin, Kilkis (Kukes) Svetigrad and Debar. - John, son of Branko, grandson of John, between 1348 an d 1357 was bishop in Drcha (Drac). - Methodius, the son of Brane (+ 1411) was bishop of the diocese Krojskata. - Alexander, son of Paul (+ 1418) was a duke and a membe r of the Holy See in Rome. - Repsh, son of Ivan (+ 1449) was a diplomat and abbot o f the monastery of St.. George, of Mount Athos, where he is is buried. - Brane son repos (+ 1496) was a diplomat and commander
in the defense of the capital city Kroija from the Ottomans. - Slavianin, the son of Constantine (+ 1503) diplomat an d commander of the city Debar, defender from the Turks. - Gojko, son of Angelina Ambassador to the Epirus kingdo m to Venice. - George, son of Ivan, in 1444 proclaimed king of Macedo nia and Epirus and for a second Alexander III Macedon.
In the 13th book of Martin Barleti 15th century, entitled "Vita et praec lare interests gestae Christi Athletae Gheorghiu Castrioti Epirotarum principis, ljui heroicam virtutem propter suam a Turcis Scander Bey, id est est Aledzhande r Magnus cognominatus Libris XIII", he gives detailed Information for George - a second Alexander of Macedon - and his army. The composition of the army of Geor ge Kastriot Martin Barleti says it is composed of elected people of Debar, which are also Macedonians "Scanderbegus ... VIAS patentes inter manipulos antesignar io Dibranis suis et Macedonicis edzhplevit (EA Lewis armature era).'' Charter of Ivan Kastriot Hillendar the monastery in 1426: "After neizrech enom milosrdiju moego assistant bishop sinful and unworthy, do not laugh naresht i the edge Christ Boega moego Ivan Kastriot and sons moimi Stanishom and Reposhe m and Konstantinova and Gergiem prilozhismo Holy ... Monastery Velikova pure vla dichice Hillendar bays and attached village and village Radostushe crkvom St. Bo gorodicom pure, tazhe Tues Vol population Radostushe Trebishtem village and the village ... " Srendovekoven Macedonian! And who and where villages and AGS Rados tusha (Rostuse) 1912 FOR FIRST TIME IN THE HISTORY THE GREKS ARMY OCUPATED THE AEGEAN PART OF MACEDONIA the greeks it continues to hide the ethnic cleansing in ocupated Aegean Macedoni a in 21 century STILL THEY DENY theCIVILL and HUMANS RIGHTS TO MACEDONIANS , in 21 century Balkan Wars The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913, pitted the Bal kan League (Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria) against the Ottoman Empire . The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, and achieved rapid success. As a re sult of the war, almost all remaining European territories of the Ottoman Empire were captured and partitioned among the allies, and an independent Albanian sta te set up. Despite its success. Bulgaria was unsatisfied with the peace settlement and with the Ottoman threat gone, soon would start a The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913 when Bu lgaria attacked its erstwhile allies in the First Balkan War , Serbia and Greece , while Montenegro, Romania and the Ottoman Empire intervened later against Bulg aria. The outcome turned Serbia, an ally of the Russian Empire, into an importan t regional power, alarming Austria-Hungary and thereby indirectly providing an important cause for World War I. After Balkans wars 1913 to the coference of London , Macedonia is separated i n 4 parts : - BETWEEN . the new state Albania , Serbia,Bulgaria and Greece,
TURKEY INSISTED THAT MACEDONIA TO BECOMES INDEPENDENT , WITH NO RESULTATS .
Also after the first World War the Macedonia is not indipendent buth its separat ion only was reconfirmed to the conference of Bucharest. separation of Macedonia after I World War to the conference Treaty of Versail les of 28 June 1919 MACEDONIA UNDER GREEK OCUPATION - AEGEAN PART OF MACEDONIA The greek etnic cleansing and genocide of macedonians in Aegean part of Macedo nia
1912 FOR FIRST TIME IN THE HISTORY GREEK ARMY IN MACEDONIA NEVER BEFORE 1912 began a great ETNIC CLEANSING and genocide of Macedonians...the cruelty dis played by the Greek soldiers in their dealings towards the Macedonian people was merciless 135 000 of the Macedonians expelled 200 vilages from Aegean part of m acedonia where COMPLETELY destroed .... greeks crimes against macedonians greeks crimes against macedoni422" height="292"> greeks crimes against macedonians
greeks crimes against macedonians The situation was no different in the other areas of Aegean Macedonia. In 1948 t he majority of the Macedonian population of western and central Aegean Macedonia fled to Yugoslavia and Albania in order to save their lives. More than 60,000 M acedonian men and women were forced to seek, refuge outside the country, fleeing across the border. In June 1946 a group of Greek Members of Parliament suggested that the Greek Par liament issue a decree for the forced deportation of all Macedonians from the Ae gean part of Macedonia, a suggestion which was justified by their alleged activi ties, which were said to be a threat to the integrity and sovereignty of Greece and a danger to the peace. the Greek monarcho-fascists was the forced resettlement of their villagers and t he dumping of them in special camps in urban centres, which had begun as early a s 1946. According to the statistics, 213,000 people were forcibly exited from th e Aegean part of Macedonia. The terror, mass murder and other forms of repressio n proved ineffective when it came to breaking the spirit of Macedonians
A group of Macedonian female partisans, participants in the Greek Civil War (194 6 - 1949) on the side of NOF and DAG The macedonian national liberation movement grew into an important and in certai n periods even a decisive military and political factor in the country, one with clear and defined strategic goals. More than 20,000 Macedonians served in the r
anks of the Democratic Army of Greece (DAG) and its auxiliary services. The liberated territory, covering mainly the territory of Aegean Macedonia, had popular rule, Macedonian people's schools, a Macedonian people's printing-house which published newspapers and other material in Macedonian, cultural and arts g roups and other Macedonian institutions. 1948 the Greek government passed the "M" Decree ordering the confiscation of the property of those individuals who had taken part in the Civil War on the side o f the Communist Party of Greece (CPG) and SMNOF, and of those who had assisted t hese organizations and whose Greek citizenship had been revoked. In addition to this decree, the "N" Decree was passed on 2nd April 1948. This decree revoked th e right of inheritance of all those who had taken part in or helped the Civil Wa r. On 23rd February 1953 a meeting of the Greek military and administrative authori ties in Macedonia was held in Thessaloniki at which it was decided to propose th at the Greek government pass a law on the resettlement and re-inhabiting of the so-called sensitive border areas of the Aegean part of Macedonia. it was suggest ed that all Macedonians from within 60 kilometers of the border be resettled, .. ... as disloyal elements, and that in their place Greeks loyal to the regime should be brought in as "healthy ans 1913 the greeks army burnet the Macedonian town Kukush with 1,846 houses,612 sho ps,6 factories at same time 4,000 houses where burned to the ground in the Seres vicinity. macedonian refugees 350 000 moslems were EXPELLED from the Agean part of Macedonia 40 000 of these were Macedonians moslems in place of the Macedonians expelled to Bulgaria and Tu rkey the Greek state resettled 618 000 persons of Greece and NON-Greeee origin a nd greeks from Tufky in the Agean part of Macedonia 1913 after separation Greek government activ the policy of the denial of the nat ionality and the assimilation of the Macedonians the name Macedonian and Macedonian language were PROHIBITED and the Macedonians were referred to as BULGARIANS ,Slavophons Greeks or simlle ''endopes''(natives) and the same time ALL Macedonians were FORCED to change their names and surnames , the latter to end in: IS -OS-POULOS With the deniei of the Macedonian nation went the NON RECOGNITION of the Macedon ian language its was proibited,minimized and it was considered a barbarina langu age Macedonian language between parents children among villagers and weddins and fun erals WAS STRICTLY FORBIDEN the written use of Macedonian also strictly prohibited and macedonian literan cy was being eliminated from the churches ,monuments and TOMBSTONES...ALL the ch urches were given Greek names 1926 the Greek government on the change TOPONYMS of the Agean part of Macedonia ALL vilages,towns ,rivers and mountanians were RENAMED and given Greek names.The Greek state achieved a policyof state terror 1936 general Metaxas bannet the use of Macedonian not only in everyday life in t he vilages in the market- place in ordinary and natural human COMUNUCATIONS and funerals , but also within the FAMILY CIRCLE.Adult Macedonians were FORCED to at tend what were know as evening schools ant to learn ''the greek melodious'' VIOL ATION to this rule is DEPORTED to desolate Greek islands the Protection of Northen Greece organization PAD and other such MILITARY FORMAT ON using the teror muder deportation : 3 482 houses were burned down ,80 vilages consisting of 1 605 families were plundered and 1 045 head of large live STOCK and 23 382 head of small investok were confiscated In the Kostur region alone 4,500 Macedonian men and women were accused of aut
onomistic activities, even though most of them were on active service with ELLAS . According to the information available, in the period from 1945 to the end of 1974 9,924 Macedonians were remanded in custody and 4,203 were convicted. 23,811 Macedonian men and women were interned on the basis of decisions of the special Security Commission The most -typical examples of forced migration of Macedonians are to be found in eastern Macedonia, where Greek terrorist bands killed 29 and imprisoned 3,100 M acedonians and expelled 600 Macedonian families across the borders - and this in the period from February to the end of March 1945 alone. greeks crimes against macedonians In accordance with the regulations of this law special state commissions were fo rmed which effected the resettlement, selected people of pure Greek origin and e stablished them in the Macedonian border areas, handing over to them the Macedon ians, property. Among these people there were Greek nationalists, chauvinists an d anti-Macedonians who had distinguished themselves in the struggle against NOF and DAG. A case in point, and not an isolated one, is that of the group of Macedoni an villages called Janovenski in the Kostur region, the inhabitants of which had all fought in the ranks of DAG. Some of the inhabitants of these villages did n ot emigrate but were resettled in other parts of Macedonia. When the Civil War e nded they requested to be allowed to return to their villages, but their request was turned down and their properties were pillaged and their homes demolished. macedonian refugees 40,000 people residing in East European countries (Macedonians) the Greek govern ment could not accept or apply the principle of free repatriation. 40,000 people residing in East European countries (Macedonians) the Greek govern ment could not accept or apply the principle of free repatriation. On 30th Decem ber 1982 greek government passed a law on the free repatriation of refugees from Greece, i.e. of those "Greek by birth", by which the Macedonians (as non-Greeks by birth) were deprived of the possibility of returning to their homes, to the country of their birth. 1986 The Greek paper "Elefteros Tipos" announces that Prime-Minister Papandreu i n the talks with Yugoslav presidency member Stane Dolanc has agreed to recognize the Macedonian language as one of the official languages in Yugoslavia. 1988 Greek Prime-Minister Papandreu and the Foreign Affairs' Karolos Papu lias, agree to recognize the Macedonian language in Greece. The banker's affair "Koskotas" brings down the PASOK government, and the documents were never signed the political party of Greece PASOK recognize the Macedonians 1982 Greece before 1989 with decree PROHIBITS NA ME MACEDONIA OF the ocupated part of Macedonia 1912 in greek north province pag. of the greek geographic atlas before 1989
Greece after 1989 with decree nominee NAME O F MACEDONIA the GREEK province of north ( the ocupated part of Macedonia 1912
) and begins to deny the existence of Republic of Macedonia
Greece still in 21 century deny the Macedonians or in Greece or outside. MACEDONIA UNDER BULGARIAN OCUPATION - PIRIN PART OF MACEDONIA 1946 Bulgaria, under the leadership of Geogi Dimitrov officially recognizes th e existence of the Macedonian nation and the right of the Pirin part of Macedoni a to be attached to the People's Republic of Macedonia. The majority of the popu lation in the Pirin part of Macedonia declares itself as Macedonian in a free ce nsus for Bulgaria . 1956] In the Bulgarian census of 1956, the majority of the population of Pirin Macedonia again declares itself as Macedonian. Since then Bulgaria under nation alist Todor Zhivkov reverts its decision of recognizing the Macedonian nation an d once again forbids free expression of Macedonian nationality and language. MACEDONIA UNDER ALBANIAN OCUPATION - MALA PRESPA PART OF MACEDONIA MACEDONIA UNDER SERBIAN OCUPATION - VARDAR PART OF MACEDONIA
WE DEFINE OURSELVES AS FREEDOM LOVING PEOPLE FOR US MACEDONIA IT'S A FREEDOM IF EXIST MACEDONIA FOR AS EXIST AND FREEDOM Copyright Macedonia is ALL 0 MAKEDONIJAeSE.com 0 All rights reserved Macedonia is ALL 0 Party of the People of Freedom 0 MA PPF History of Macedonia Makedonija Macedonia contact e-mail : info@makedonijaese.com http://www.makedonijaese.com/storia_EN.htm 2 part history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia
Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict Macedonian Minorities Macedonian Symbols Who are we? Links
Evidence of 2500 years long existence of the Macedonian Nation
Documents of the Continued Existence of Macedonia and the Macedonian Nation for a period of over 2500 years Book: "The Descendents of Alexander the Great of Macedon - Arguments and evidenc e that today's Macedonians are descendents of the ancient Macedonians" by Alexan der Donski of Macedonia Why Macedonia and the Macedonians had never been Greek? Why the Macedonians and the Bulgarians are two Separate Nations? Why the Macedonians are not "Slavs"? Genetic Research 1: Ancient Macedonian Genes found in Today's Macedonian Nation , not-related to the Greek Nation The full report of the Genetic Research 1 showing today's Macedonians are direc t descendents of the ancient Macedonians Genetic Research 2: Genetic differences between Macedonians in Greece and the G
reeks
Concise History of Macedonia
Map of Historical Ethnic Macedonia Timeline of the History of Macedonia Short history of Macedonia Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John Shea Similarities Between Ancient Macedonian and Today's Macedonian Culture by Alexa nder Donski of Macedonia
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history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia
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Ancient Macedonia
The Distinctive Ethnicity of the Macedonians Differences Between the Ancient Macedonians and the Ancient Greeks by J.S. Gand eto Ancient Quotes on the Macedonians as Distinct Nation Diodorus - Plutarch - Pausanias - Livy - Herodotus - Justin - Isocrates - Ptole my - Polybius - Demosthenes - Arrian Curtius Rufus - Josephus - Thracymachus - Pseudo-Scylax - Thucydides - Strabo Pseudo-Herodotus - Ephoros Modern Historians on the Macedonians as Distinct Nation Alexander the Great DID NOT care about Hellenism nor Hellenization Greeks and Macedonians by Ernst Badian (Harvard University) Greece and Macedon by P.A. Brunt (translator of Arrian) The Ancient Macedonians and Their Language Ancient Macedonian - Distinct Indo-European Language Why were the Macedonians styled as "Greeks" in the 19th Century? Why is Greece Stealing the Macedonian History? Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John Shea The Modern Greek Propaganda "Pan-Macedonian" Association - Greek Racist Group Greek Propagandist Websites - the Case of truth.macedonia.gr The Distortions of Modern Western and Greek historians The Myth of Greek Ethnic Purity
History of Ancient Macedonia History of Ancient Macedonia Kings of Macedonia Philip II of Macedon - King of Macedonia Alexander III the Great - King of Macedonia Alexander the Great DID NOT care about Hellenism nor Hellenization Antipater - Macedonian Army General and Regent Perdiccas - Macedonian Army General Antigonus I the One-Eyed - Macedonian Army General Craterus - Macedonian Army General Cassander - King of Macedonia Eumenes - Greek General in the Macedonian Army Lysimachus - Macedonian King of Thrace Tomb of the Last Macedonian King Perseus Found after Joint Italian-Macedonian E xcavation Effort History of the Macedonian rule in Asia and Egypt History of the Macedonian Kingdom in Asia Seleucus I - Macedonian King of Asia History of the Macedonian Kingdom in Egypt Ptolemy I - Macedonian King of Egypt
history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict Macedonian Minorities
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Roman Macedonia
Why the Byzantine Empire was not a "Greek Empire"? Macedonian Dynasty - Macedonian Epoch Macedonian Dynasty - Macedonian Emperors of Byzantium Origin and Ethnicity of Czar Samuel Origin and Ethnicity of SS. Cyril and Methodius
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Ottoman Macedonia
Evidence of Macedonia in the Ottoman Period The Macedonian Uprising in Kresna 1878 Attempts of Hellenization Statistics of the Population of Macedonia before its Partition and the "Macedon ian Question"
Partitioned Macedonia
Map depicting the partition of Macedonia by Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Alban
ia in 1913 The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia The Treaty of Bucharest, August 10, 1913 The King of the Greeks on the Greek Occupation of Macedonia The Idea of Macedonian Liberation between the Two World Wars The Macedonian Question in Foreign Relations
Independent Macedonia
The Establishment of the Macedonian State In the Second World War Republic of Macedonia - From a Member State of the Yugoslav Federation to a Sov ereign and Independent State Map of Independent Republic of Macedonia Macedonia in Pictures by MacedoniaFAQ Legal Aspects of problems of representation in the UN by Dr. Igor Janev
history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia
Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict Macedonian Minorities Macedonian Symbols Who are we? Links
Macedonian-Greek Conflict
The Macedonian-Greek Conflict Macedonia and Greece (analysis of the Macedonian-Greek conflict) by John Shea "Greece is an unworthy EU member" by Gunnar Nissen for Morgaenavisen Jyllands-P osten, Danemark Greek Evidence on the Authenticity of the Macedonians Summary of "the Inhabited Places in Aegean Macedonia"
history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict
Macedonian Minorities Macedonian Symbols Who are we? Links
Macedonian Minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania
Macedonians in Greece Organization for the European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among whi ch are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Greece Map of Aegean Macedonia showing the areas where Macedonians live Human Rights Watch International Condemns Greece for Oppressing the Macedonians Radio Free Europe Plea for Recognition of the Macedonian language in Greece Greek Helsinki on the Macedonian Minority in Greece Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Macedonians in Greece Greece Condemned for Discriminating against Macedonian Minority Aegean Part of Macedonia after the Balkan Wars Memorandum sent by the Macedonians to the Balkan states Declaration of the Association of banished Macedonians from the Republic of Gre ece Petition Association of the Macedonians of the Aegean Part of Macedonia Greek Evidence on the Authenticity of the Macedonians Macedonians in Bulgaria Organization for the European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among whi ch are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria
The Macedonian Minority in Bulgaria Bulgaria has recognized the Macedonian Minority - April 12, 2002 Bulgaria to recognize the Macedonian Orthodox Church Bulgarian Falsification of Macedonian History Map of the Times Atlas of World History showing Pirin Macedonia as entirely Mac edonian Why the Macedonians and the Bulgarians are two Separate Nations? Macedonians in Albania Organization for the European Minorities' Map showing the Macedonian minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania Organization for the European Minorities' List of Minorities in Europe among whi ch are the Macedonians Official website of the Macedonian minority in Albania The Macedonian Minority in Albania Council of Europe: Albania is a Multiethnic State Macedonian and Greek Minorities in Albania Boycott the 2001 Census Macedonia Criticizes Albania over the 2001 Census Kimet Fetahu - Macedonian Activist and University Professor in Tirana Edmond Temelko - President of the Macedonian organization "Prespa" in Albania
history of Macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict
Macedonian Minorities Macedonian Symbols Who are we? Links
Macedonian Symbols
The Macedonian Sun The Macedonian Lion
history of macedonia blog Concise Macedonia Ancient Macedonia Roman Macedonia Ottoman Macedonia Partitioned Macedonia Independent Macedonia Macedonian-Greek Conflict Macedonian Minorities Macedonian Symbols
Who are we? Links
Who are we More then 100 years ago Macedonia, the ancient land of Alexander the Great, stil l lay at the hands of the Ottoman Turkish conquerors. Its Balkan neighbors Gree ce, Serbia, and Bulgaria, had recently won their independence from the Turks, bu t not long afterwards all three newly formed countries laid their claims on Mace donian land, actively conspiring for its new occupation. The three countries la unched immense propaganda justifying their claims on Macedonia and so emerged th e so-called "Macedonian Question", which is nothing but three conflicting and co ntracting views: (1) that the Macedonians were Greeks (the view of Greece), (2) that the Macedonians were Bulgarians (the view of Bulgaria), and (3) that the Ma cedonians were Serbs (the view of Serbia). The strategic location of Macedonia drew the attention of the world powers who now also begun actively involved by siding on the side of their particular Balkan allies and supporting their views which aligned with their own interests. The Macedonians, who were already organizing and fighting against the Turkish oc cupation for the liberation of Macedonia under the slogan "Macedonia for the Mac edonians", were now facing three new enemies that would do anything to disrupt t heir struggle for freedom and independence. The Macedonian uprisings in the 187 0's and 1903 were suppressed and with the Balkan wars (1912-3), Greece, Bulgaria , Serbia, and Albania, succeeded in partitioning and occupying the territories o f Macedonia. The Macedonian nation found itself divided by the new borders, and now, almost a century since that partition, the Macedonians in Greece, Bulgaria, and Albania are still not given their basic human rights. The three countries have repeatedly been condemned for their oppression of their sizable Macedonian minorities. This website is dedicated to this struggle of the Macedonian nation and its docu mented 25 centuries of history. We are Macedonians, not Greeks, not Serbs, not Bulgarians, not Slavs. We are Macedonians just like our Macedonian forefathers who more then 100 years ago fought for free and independent Macedonia, and stru ggled against the Greek, Serbian, andBulgarian propaganda, and we are Macedonian s just like our ancestors who conquered the Persian Empire and ruled the known w orld for centuries before Rome was even a power. We proudly present you, the re ader, with our rich history beginning with its roots in Ancient Macedonia. The Macedonians are the oldest European nation who had continuously existed for more the 2,500 years, and "Macedonia was the first large territorial state with an e ffective centralized political, military and administrative structure to come in to being on the continent of Europe". We hope that you will find this website i nformative and enjoyable. Thank you for visiting. historyofmacedonia.org
Differences Between Ancient Macedonians and Ancient Greeks by J.S. Gandeto An impressive book on the differences between the two ancient nations - Macedoni ans and Greeks. "To understand the history of the ancient Macedonians, their et hnogenesis and their innermost drives as people, we need to analyze and comprehe nd, first and foremost, their deeply rooted material culture. Only by sifting me ticulously through the thick layered strata of their rich culture can we discove r and appreciate who this ancient people were. The rare glimpses into their intr icate and deeply carved traditions afford us a window of luxury through which th e plumage of their race emerges and becomes recognizable. Coupled with numerous anecdotes recorded and preserved through time and epitaphs that are impervious t o politics and change, we now have a sizeable body of truth to know and believe that ancient Macedonians were, what they said they were Macedonians" (from the pub lisher). "It is an illusion to think that ancient Macedonians were Greeks" (syno psis). PREFACE The aim of this paper is to acquaint students with the basic differences between ancient Macedonians and the ancient Greeks. For too many years it was an accept ed practice to view the ancient Macedonians as Greeks. Little attention was paid to the fact that, ancient biographers and chroniclers left us with no impressio n that these two dissimilar people were of the same ethnicity or nationality. On the contrary, their reporting is clear and unambiguously explicit and leaves li ttle room for subsequent second-guessing and interpretation. To them, ancient Ma cedonians constituted people, and a nation quite separate, and in stark contrast , to the Greeks. They militarily subdued the Greeks and subsequently treated the m as conquered people; albeit more favorably then the rest of the people in the empire, but conquered subject they were, nevertheless. Roman and Greek biographe rs, like Curtius Rufus, Polybius, Plutarch, Arrian, Diodorus, Justin and Herodot us described the ancient Macedonians as being a people quite distinct and separa te from the ancient Greeks. Neither from an historical point of view, nor from a philosophical or military one, were these people ever regarded as one and the s ame with the ancient Greeks. Their neighborly discourse, as destiny will have it , was regularly embroidered with constant hostility and mutual antipathy (Borza 1990). Whether the reasons for the inclusion of Macedonian studies under Greek history are the result of western sentiments felt toward Greek cultural heritage, or tow ards Greece as the land where western Christianity took up roots for the first t ime, or the obvious sympathies they held so dear for the first democratic form o f government that originated with the ancient Greek city-states, or not, are of secondary importance to us, and carry no relevancy to the issue of ethno-genesis of the ancient Macedonians. Surely, these are compelling elements that carry en ormous influence, but, by the same token, these same elements, if used and emplo yed in the service of securing lasting and verifiable body of historical knowled ge would both, distort the truth and undermine the trust in scholarly research. In my opinion, there was a void that needed to be filled, since the scholarship concerning the Argead Dynasty of Macedon slowly and progressively, in the last f orty years, has been steadily gaining ground, not as an extension of Greek histo ry, as it was viewed and included under, but as a separate and unique unit of an cient history under the Macedonian period.
Although, the term "Hellenistic" period may still be acceptable as a cultural cl assification of the time during and after Alexander the Great, the term "Macedon istic" period should, and ought to be, used to cover any other historical refere nces. There is no denying that the period from Alexander the Great until well in to the Roman time deals with Macedonian Dynasties, their rule, succession and th eir eventual interaction, or lack there of with the indigenous local populations throughout the Balkan Peninsula, Asia and Egypt. Here, the term "Hellenistic can hardly do any justice to historical scholarship since its coverage/domain leave s a huge section of history barely touched. Hellenism, the term Johan Gustaf Dro ysen gave to this era, is such a narrow cultural belt of history that its usage is not only misleading and inappropriate but it also distorts and minimizes the greatness of the ancient Macedonians. Even though the Greek contribution, from a cultural point of view, may be argued to have occupied a place of pivotal impor tance in the administrative sector of the empire, the organizational, the milita ry and the structural components of this Macedonian Empire must have been obtain ed, delivered and maintained strictly from Macedonian resources and for Macedoni an interests. The concept of an empire, an esoteric notion for the Greeks, was b orn with the first few initial successes of Alexander, and its meaning, magnitud e, scope and structure grew as the string of victories and the success on the ba ttlefields allowed Alexander to enlarge, coordinate and control huge land areas in Asia and Egypt. For almost 3 centuries after Alexander, it was his successors that carried the symbols and the name of the Macedonian Empire. Thus, the very narrow strip of "Hellenism" that comes, as a residue, attached to the period in question, cannot, in any meaningful way, embrace and encompass the scope and the magnitude of an empire that was built, organized and maintained on the strength and the efficiency of the Macedonian army. Greeks in antiquity were in possession of diverse arrays of sophisticated discip lines of the first order: dramas, tragedies, myths, biographies, histories, scie nces, material culture and a flair for exoticism, but not empire. And here, lies the greatest obstacle for the circle to be completed. Macedonians, on the other hand, were in possession of an empire and a handful of other disciplines necess ary for the immediate needs and sustenance of it. Droysen's idea to combine both , the Greeks and the Macedonians under one name is certainly appealing from a Ge rman point of view, since it finds analogous development of the German states un der the strong leadership of Prussia; but it falls significantly short in balanc ing the immiscible union of contrastingly separate peoples. Nineteenth century Greeks did not regard the Macedonians as people of the same e thnicity (Politis 1993:36; Dimaras 1958; Karagatsis, 1952).(1) Greeks in the lat e eighteen hundreds and earl nineteenth century viewed the Macedonians as conque rors of Greece. Only after the Megale Idea took up roots in the Greek scholarshi p, did Greeks embark on providing and securing 'evidence' for their new politica l vision; which was born and bred from the limbs of the rapidly decaying Ottoman Empire. Macedonia was the only Balkan country left under the Turkish rule after the congress of Berlin in 1878. After the national uprising in 1903 that ended with catastrophic consequences for the Macedonian populace, the leadership of th e country was largely decimated by the lawless bands of Turkish marauders, who m ercilessly and indiscriminately slaughtered the defenseless masses. Consequently , the Macedonians found themselves too exhausted and leaderless, and lacked poli tical will and stamina to rise up again and unite their bewildered and poor bret hren into a cohesive political unit. This calamitous situation, coupled with the prevailing lawlessness and the "illness of the Sultan", was exploited by the ne ighbors of Macedonia who launch their own armed bands and political agitators to prepare, and secure for themselves a piece of the Macedonian territory.(2) Thus , the Serbs, the Bulgarians and the Greeks succeeded in partitioning Macedonia a mong themselves in 1913 with the treaty of Bucharest, and with this act most of ancient Macedonia was incorporated into the Greek state for the first time (Borz a 1990).
Ever since then, Greece has fervently attempted to stamp a permanent Hellenic im print on this land. The latest dispute about the name "Macedonia" between Greece and the newly proclaimed Macedonian Republic, which was created by the break up of Yugoslavia, signifies the enormity of the weight to establish and maintain c onnection with the ancient Macedonians. From the Republic of Macedonia's point o f view, it is a matter of human rights and people's rights to call its own count ry any name its people wished to choose for it, while Greece views it as appropr iation of cultural rights. For a more detailed analysis of the ongoing saga betw een Republic of Macedonia and Greece regarding ownership of the names "Macedonia ", and "Macedonian", please see the recently published work "Macedonia: Cultural Right or Cultural Appropriation?" by Larry Reimer.(3) At first glance the dispute appears to be centered on judicial matters of human rights, and people's right for self-determination, versus cultural inheritance, and cultural appropriation. This is the tip of the iceberg, wile the remaining b ulk of the impasse is more splenetic one, and deals with who has the right to cl aim the ancient Macedonians as their progenitors; and thereby stake the claim on anything Macedonian. Even though, establishing and proving a connection with th e ancients is a tenuous adventure, the impetus and the stakes involved decidedly override the issue.(4) Thus, it is not surprising to find the Greeks passionat ely embroidered in support of their well known stands that ancient Macedonians w ere Greeks, and that ancient Macedonia was a Greek land.(5) Most of the Greek au thors tend to show, and present uniformly packaged convictions that ancient Mace donians spoke the Greek language, had practiced the same religion as the other G reeks, that their personal names and place names are inevitably Greek (6) , and that ancient Macedonians came from the same stock as Greek people. In other word s, these authors, as opposed to others whose believes are derived from their own personal convictions, tend to strictly adhere and taw the government line.(7) It is interesting to note Peter Green's passage about modern Greeks' view of Ale xander: "The Colonels, as it happened, promoted Alexander as a great Greek hero, especially to army recruits: the Greeks of the fourth century BC, to whom Alexa nder was a half-Macedonian, half Epirote barbarian conqueror, would have found t his metamorphosis as ironic as I did" (Green 1991: xv). One of the well-known Greek author A P Daskalakis in 1965 wrote a book entitled "The Hellenism of the Ancient Macedonians," where he meticulously elaborates on all issues of dispute regarding the ethnicity of the ancient Macedonians. While the work is quite extensive in its coverage of all pertinent aspects currently i n contention, his omission of some is telling.(8) Professor Daskalakis-who, to a large extent, can be viewed to represent the prevailing "Greek position"--provi des evidence in support of his thesis as he sees it fit. On our part, we will en deavor to present the other side of the story, and also to provide scholarly evi dence as we see it fit. The reader is free to pick and choose what he wishes. Ot her aspects of the alleged "Greekness" of the ancient Macedonians will be covere d and addressed accordingly. Notes Preface 1. Politis (1993: 40-42) cites fourteen examples from the Greek literature of th e 1794-1841 period in which the ancient Macedonians are not considered to be par t of the ancient Greek world. Karagatsis said that 'it was an illusion to think that ancient Macedonians were Greeks'. 2. Useful and quite persuasive reading one can find in Ferdinand Schevill's boo k A History of the Balkans-From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Published by Dorset Press 1991. We shall bring forward one particular passage that succin ctly depicts the Macedonian position before the Balkan wars.
Thus, before the close of the nineteenth century, Macedonia was the scene of a tr iangular struggle conducted chicfly with the tools of church and schools for the conquest of the mind of the inhabitants; and if by that time the bulk of the Va rdar Slavs had gone over to the Bulgar camp, the Serbs had at least managed to g ain a foothold to the north of the Shar Dagh mountain, while the Greeks solidly maintained their traditional grip on the southern district contiguous to Thessal y" (p.433-4). 3. Larry Rimer reviews the ongoing conflict between Republic of Macedonia and G reece from a judicial point of view. The article gives an excellent in-depth pre sentation of difficulties associated with adjudicating international cultural ri ghts vis-a-vis peoples' or human rights issues. European courts may eventually a rbitrate the issue that has antagonized the members of the European Union itself . 4. (The 'Greek position' regarding the so-called "Greekness" of the ancient Mace donians). The politics of the modern era in the services of national historiogra phy are combined with the reality of today's ever increasing demand for profit. The reader can gain an insight of the intricate interplay between politics, hist ory, and modern-day nationalism. In Peter Green's chapter X, "The Macedonian Con nection" in Classical Bearings-Interpreting Ancient History and Culture, one wil l find the scenes that usually develop behind the curtains, brought up to the fo refront. The book was published by University of California Press, Ltd. First Pa perback Printing 1998. Please see my commentaries in chapter 17. 5. See Salonica Terminus by Fred A. Reed, published 1996; Victor Roudometof's Th e Macedonian Question Colombia University Press, 2000. The most chauvinistic acc ount can be found in Martis' Falsification of Macedonian History, and AP Daskala kis The Hellenism of the Ancient Macedonians 1965. 6. Personal names. The author listed below has a list of Macedonian names found on inscriptions. J. Gabbert (Wright State University) "The Language of Citizens hip in Antigonid Macedonia" The Ancient History Bulletin 2.1 (1988) 10-11. [If we were to assume that some of the Macedonian names have Greek meanings and thereby must be considered Greek names, then, we must look elsewhere for compara ble evidence in order to make a conclusive decision about it. Since Philip and A lexander have Greek etymology, we are willing to "give them" to the Greeks, afte r all "Philipos" lover of horses, and "Alexander" the protector of men, have Gre ek meanings. But, then again, we ask: what about the Persian names? Greeks have Greek etymology for all Persian names that we find in the literature. For exampl e: Darius, the Persian king, means "worker" (erxies) Xerxes, another Persian kin g, means "warrior" (areios), Habrocomes, which means soft in Greek (habro) Harma rnithres, which means "chariot" in Greek (harma) Harpagus, which means "plundere r" in Greek (harpage) and so on.] Detailed elaboration on names and language one can find in Thomas Harrison's "Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages" HYST OS vol 2, 1998. Macedonians did not worship the same Gods as the Greeks either. The fact that ma ny Gods were found worshiped by both peoples can be attributed to the Greek desi re to find Greek equivalent God with other people's deities. Pan, Poseidon, Asir is, Hera, Hestia, Themis, Dioscuri have no Greek origin and are not "Greek" Gods , but they all have a Greek equivalent. Besides, aren't all Greek Gods in fact E gyptian Gods? Didn't Herodotus state that? (Hdt.2. 50 (schedon de kai panton ta aunomata to theon ex Aiguptou eleluthe es ten Hellada). See also Hoddinott, The Thracians, 169-70. 7. An excellent work by Anastasia Karakasidou Fields of Wheat fields of Blood il luminates the deep-seated Greek distrust in people of 'Slavic' origin in Aegean Macedonia. It is quite interesting to note that Cambridge University Press reneg
ed on publishing this work under the threat of Greek reaction/violence. The auth or's life was also threatened and many of the Greek intellectuals obediently lin ed in support behind the government's position. Please read also The Macedonians of Greece-Denying Ethnic Identity Published by Human Rights Watch 1999. Persuas ive elaboration of Macedonian and Greek discourse can be obtained from the journ al of Modern Greek Studies 14.2 (1996) 253-30 1, l John Hopkins University Press ] in Victor Roudometof's article "Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balka ns: Greece and Macedonian Question" 8. In his book The Hellenism of the Ancient Macedonians Daskalakis covers all th e pertinent "areas of sameness" currently in dispute between ancient Macedonians and the ancient Greeks like names, religion, language, origin and mythology (th e 'Greek' position), but fails to even acknowledge the material culture of the a ncient Macedonians. The material culture of the ancient Macedonians, in our opin ion, represents the crux of the "otherness" that clearly separates these two anc ient peoples. The so-called "Greek" position it seems, is held only by modern Gr eeks, writes Eugene Borza (1990: 91 n. 27), citing George Cawkwell's Philip of M acedon reference on p. 22. -endYou can read parts of this important book at: http://books.iuniverse.com/viewboo ks.asp?isbn=0595233066&page=fm1
The book can be purchased at at Barnes and Noble's www.bn.com or Amazon www.amaz on.com where it is competitively priced.
UNRESTRAINABLE MACEDONIAN CIVILIZATION Thanks to archaeological excavations, archaeological linguistics, and ge nerally the Ancient Macedonian Linguistics, during the last ten years an absolut ely new chronology on the cultural continuity of the Macedonian people and oldes t life on the Macedonian Peninsula - the Balkans - has been established. No long er can anyone deny the fact that the skull of the 25 - 30 year-old young man, di scovered in the Crveni Steni cave near the village of Kameni Gumna (Patralona) i n the Aegean pat of Macedonia, is evidence for the Macedonians that in Macedonia people walked upright and used their head to think at least 600,000 - 160,000 B C, or which, using a more precise method, has been confirmed to date from 260,00 0 - 240,000 BC.
The skull of the 25- 30 year - old young man, discovered in the "Crveni steni" c ave near the village of Kameni Gumna (Petralona) in the Aegean part of Macedonia (600.000- 160.000 BC) Early Neolithic seal with solar and cosmography symbolical from Tumba, village P orodin, vicinity of Bitola. The fisherman cabine at the Dojran lake is Macedonian Prehistoric lake site sett lement, which with there own aboriginal architectonic form, exist at least 8000 - 9000 years.
During the last ten years archaeological linguistics has presented a num ber of written monuments dating from the end of the Mesolithic and beginning of Neolithic period, written in an ancient Macedonian tongue with ancient Macedonia n alphabets ( public and secret ) which, in written tradition, is witness of the oldes t substratum of all following derivative languages and alphabets not only in the Macedonian Peninsula (the Balkans) but throughout the world. The oldest monumen t to literacy, deciphered to an ancient Macedonian phonetic alphabet and in an a ncient Macedonian tongue, dates back to c.13,000 - 11,000 BC, and has a total ab solute chronology of continuous Macedonian language of about 15,000 - 13,000 yea rs, and comes from the Mas de Azil cave in France and dates from the time of the conditionally called Great Macedonian Mythological Empire.
[ PEL VII KOL [TE SH PEL VII KOL SHTE During the last ten years archaeological linguistics has presented a num ber of written monuments dating from the end of the Mesolithic and beginning of Neolithic period, written in an ancient Macedonian tongue with ancient Macedonia n alphabets ( public and secret ) which, in written tradition, is witness of the oldes t substratum of all following derivative languages and alphabets not only in the Macedonian Peninsula (the Balkans) but throughout the world. The oldest monumen t to literacy, deciphered to an ancient Macedonian phonetic alphabet and in an a ncient Macedonian tongue, dates back to c.13,000 - 11,000 BC, and has a total ab solute chronology of continuous Macedonian language of about 15,000 - 13,000 yea rs, and comes from the Mas de Azil cave in France and dates from the time of the conditionally called Great Macedonian Mythological Empire.
Ceramic round seal from the locality of "Tserye" near Govrlevo, vicinity of Skop je (c. 6.000 - 5000 BC) with illustrated deciphering of the inscription: "SL S B O SM". The Neolithic obelisk of Il and of Ir'kle Sp'zki form Milisin at the foo t of Mt.Kozuf near Gevgelija (c. 7000-5000 BC) Ancient Macedonian inscription on rock in the left side of river Crna in entrenc e of Skocivirska Klisura (5.500 - 5.000 BC) Oval bronze seal from "Tserye" n ear Govrlevo, vicinity of Skopje (c. 1.500 BC)
Prehistoric finds in Osincani, Govrlevo, Mlado Nagoricani, S pel (Dupjak) Kosturski, localities of Madgari and Cair in Skopje, the Early Stone Age settlem ent at Stenche near Tetovo, localities of the Porodin group near the river Tsrna , the priceless inscription of the Skocivirska Klisura, the clay plate from Grad esnitsa near Vratsa (Bulgaria,) the grave-stone monument of the hero and poet, D imo Rijdil from BC 7th century from Lemno in the Aegean Sea, etc. are all only p art of the oldest Macedonian civilization in which there was a dominance of the cult of the Sun and the Cosmos, the cult of fire and the domestic hearth, the cu lt of the Great Mother - goddess of the earth and symbol of fertility, etc. The ceramic seal from Tserje, in Govrlevo, near Skopje, discovered in 1981, is i ndisputable evidence that the Macedonian Neolithic revolution was created by lit erate, intelligent and most probably rational Macedonian people, who, during the time of the Macedonian zetovi (sons-in-laws) and nevesti (brides,) testovi (fat hers-in-law,) and teshti (mothers-in-law) from the end of the Mesolithic and beg inning of Neolithic (BC 7,000 - 6,000) were WITH GOD ALONE or remained with GOD only to meditate of the almighty philosophical aspects of existence and developm ent of man and humanity, of the almighty semantics in space, of the individual a nd collective in cosmos and the world, i.e. of the cult of the Sun and Cosmos, o
f the cosmogony and cosmology, of the higher and lower sciences during the time of t he zeti, zetovci, and zetuvanje. A metal seal from Govrlevo (c.1500 BC) is evidence of the existence of a n appropriate Macedonian military oligarchy. The oldest remains of architectural individual and grouped volume-spatial compositions in the form of dwellings con structed on poles reaching above the surface of the water in the lakes of Kostur , Doiran, Ohrid, Prespa, and other Macedonian lakes, and the Neolithic continent al and island settlements of Ancient Macedonia all affirm the high level of deve lopment of the Macedonian Civilization. Shrines in the form of Stone Seats (Dolm ens) from Tsrna Loma or Ilina Gora near Osincani, in the vicinity of Skopje, and the complex of various dolmens from Shterpa, near Bogdantsi, as well as the old est Neolithic obelisk from Milisin at the foot of Mt. Kozuf, near Gevgelia, are irrefutable prehistoric evidence of the continuity and diversification of the ma terial culture in Macedonia, whose territory was, and will continue to be for a very long time, attractive for every kind of research and a means for confirmati on, comparison, and expansion of every other world civilization.
Philip II Macedonian (born 382 BC, king 359-336 BC), Alexandar's father Alexsandar III Macedonian ( born 356 BC, king 336-323 BC)
This kind of Macedonian substratum fully explains the evolutionary proce ss of Macedonian literacy, language and culture. It enables the explanation of t he level of material and spiritual growth which further enabled - in historical time - the establishment, maturity and formation - in the 4th Century BC - of th e Great Macedonian Empire from the time of Philip II Macedonian (359 - 336 BC) a nd Alexander III Macedonian (336 - 323 BC) which spanned over a territory of 3.8 million km2 from the Danube to North Africa, and from the Adriatic and Egypt to India and Central Asia, and possessed exceptional and unquenchable philosophy o f syncretism for unification of the states, peoples, mythologies, gods, customs, and so on. Thus, it made it possible for this Great Macedonian Civilization- wh ich permanently enriched itself with new impulses - to spread to the East and th e entire civilized world. This Macedonian cosmopolitanism has been spreading for at least 2,336 years, with varying intensity independently of the almighty form s of concealment, usurpation, forgetting, adopting, altering, and adapting by la ter civilizations, empires, kingdoms, states, and peoples.
St.Vitale Church, Ravena, mosaic (second quarter of VI century AD) Portrait of U pravda, Vistinian, Istinian or Justinian I (527- 565 AD) and his 10 best lawyear s. St.Cyril and St.Metodi, Kamensko, Ohrid, 1864 year
Centuries and years that passed have not always been inclined toward aff irmation of the Macedonian Civilization. Following Macedonian domination in the world (336 - 30 BC) it was during the period of the second historical Macedonian Empire, so-called Byzantine Empire, that the great Macedonian of Taor - Upravda , Vistinian, Istinian, or Justinian I (527 - 565 BC) succeeded in 529 and 534 to
codify the substratum of Macedonian law, which - in the form of Justinian s Codex having 4,652 decrees, had to find its fertile foundation in the so-called Roman Empire which only finalized the great projects begun in the Ancient Macedonian Civilization. The great historian, writer, and educator, T rp Ruen (567 BC) is onl y further evidence of the ability of the Macedonian to return to the roots of hi s origin, to modify the Macedonian substratum of literacy, and to fertilize the seed of the Macedonian historical memory of the development of literacy and cult ure of mankind before the great all-Macedonian and all-Slavic educators, St. Cyr il, St. Methodius, and St. Clement.
Facsimile on the wooden bar no.15 from the wooden book from 567 A.D. with kept a uthor's name and surname T'rp Ruen
The Republic of Macedonia and its expert and scholarly potential must no t allow itself to forget or give up the cultural identity of its people or to ch ange the NAME which, as MACEDONIANS, we have had at least since the time of the zet, Pir M ked nzki, or continually for at least about 7,000 years. Ancient linguistics, that of the Middle Ages, and modern Macedonian linguistics must find its deserved place in every phase of the system of education in the Re public of Macedonia. Current and future Macedonian researchers must make efforts to free themselves of the illusions of the 18th, 19th, and 20th century, i.e. t he past. With convincing arguments, they must incorporate the latest research re garding literacy, language, and culture, permanently into the continuity of Mace donian civilization, so that they may find their deserved place in every publica tion and media in our country and around the world, therefore, in the third mill ennium throwing an appropriate MACEDONIAN LIGHT upon EVERYTHING that is MACEDONI AN in order to illuminate the oldest canter of civilization - MACEDONIA.
PIR M'KED'NZKI PIR M'KED'NZKI (5000-3500 B.C.)
Sculpture with face of St.Clement of Ohrid, XIV century. The church "St.Clement of Ohrid" (Virgin Mary of Perivlepta) http://www.unet.com.mk/ancient-macedonians-part2/nezapirliva1-e.htm

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History of Macedonia

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Macedonian-Greek Conflict The Macedonian-Greek Conflict

Macedonian Symbols The Macedonian Sun The Macedonian Lion http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/

- and i am children of the Mother of God Ma - Makedonia

coin fron the land Ilion and he capital ILI (Troy )

acedonian territory nd organizer BEEN Macedonian rulers.

Macedonia before Philip II Macedon

witch meens daughter (on macedonian) HAVE BEEN

GEORGE KASTRIOT GEOGE KASTRIOT

TURKEY INSISTED THAT MACEDONIA TO BECOMES INDEPENDENT , WITH NO RESULTATS .

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Evidence of 2500 years long existence of the Macedonian Nation

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Macedonian Symbols Who are we? Links

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