Inside Out

Pre-intermediate Companion
French Edition
Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

New

Welcome to the New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you? a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book

Abbreviations used in the Companion (art) article (v) verb (v*) irregular verb (adj) adjective (n) noun (phr v) phrasal verb (pron) pronoun (prep) preposition (det) determiner (f) feminine (m) masculine (pl n) plural noun (adv) adverb (conj) conjunction

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS

// /:/ // /u:/ /e/ // /:/ /:/ // //
big fish green beans should look blue moon ten eggs about mother learn words short talk fat cat must come

CONSONANTS
/:/ // // /e/ // // // /e/ /a/ /a/
calm start hot spot ear face pure boy nose hair eye mouth

/bg f/ /gri:n bi:nz/ /d lk/ /blu: mu:n/ /ten egz/ /bat m/ /l:n w:dz/ /:t t:k/ /ft kt/ /mst km/

/k:m st:t/ /ht spt/ // /fes/ /pj / /b/ /nz/ /he/ /a/ /ma/

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ // //

pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then

/pen/ /bd/ /ti:/ /dg/ /t:t/ /dz/ /kst/ /g:l/ /f: / /vs/ /n/ /en/

/s/ /z/ // // /m/ /n/ // /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/

snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes

/snek/ /nz/ /p/ /me / /mek/ /nan/ /s/ /has/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/

Unit 1 (p.4)
about (30/50/60 etc) (prep) actually (adv) (TS) /kuli/ rellement amaze (v) /mez/ stupfier at least banker (n) break the law breeze (n) call (v)

/bat/

environ (30/50/60 etc)

How old is Ben? I think hes about 30. My friends call me Ben. Actually my old friends call me Tree. President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering nearly everyones name. Repeat the name in your head at least three times. A banker is someone who has an important job in a bank. If you break the law, you do something that is illegal. A breeze is a light, gentle wind. (Sense 1) My English friends call me Marie. (Sense 2) I can always call Dave if Im feeling down. When you meet someone for the first time, listen carefully to their name. Choosing a name for your child is an important decision. A close friend is a friend you like a lot and spend a lot of time with. Choosing a name for your child is an important decision. Bankers earn a lot of money and are very rich. When you exercise your brain, you think hard in order to remember or do something. Its fashionable to choose names of places for childrens names. When Im feeling down, I can always talk to him. If youre too focused on yourself, you wont remember peoples names. When people follow a trend, they do something because it is fashionable. President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons forehead.

/t list/

au moins banquier enfreindre la loi brise 2) appeler qn (par tl.)

/bk/ /briz/

/brek l/

/kl/ 1) appeler, nommer qn

carefully (adv) /kefli/ attentivement choose (v) close friend (n) /kls frend/ ami proche decision (n) earn (v)

/uz/

choisir

/dsn/ /n/

decision gagner

exercise (v) /ekssaz/ entraner fashionable (adj) /fnbl/ la mode feel down (TS) be focused on yourself /bi fkst n jself/

/fil dan/

tre dprim tre concentr sur soi-mme

follow a trend /fl trend/ suivre une tendance forehead (n) /frd; fhed/ front

friendly (adj) have a go hear of (phr v)

/frendli/

sympathique essayer, tenter (de) entendre parler de

Someone who is friendly is easy to talk to. Its important to participate in class and have a go. Have you ever heard of anyone called Sky, Rain or River? Your name is how you identify yourself and how other people identify you. His initials are CDCharles Denroche. Do you enjoy telling jokes at parties? A good language learner practises a lot. Someone who is left-handed writes with their left hand. What do you like best in class reading, writing, speaking or listening? Dont name your child after your local pizza restaurant or shopping mall! A womans maiden name is her surname before she was married.

/hv g/ /hr v/ /nl/

identify (v) /adentfa/ identifier initial (n) joke (n) learner (n) left-handed (adj) initiale plaisanterie apprenant gaucher

/k/ /ln/ /lefthndd/

like best /lak best/ prfrer local (adj) /lkl/ du quartier maiden name (n) /medn nem/ nom de jeune fille

make a good impression /mek gd mpren/ faire une bonne impression Remembering peoples names always makes a good impression. meaning (n) memorable (adj) /mem()rbl/ mmorable memory (n) /mem()ri/ mmoire middle-aged (adj) name (v)

/min/

sens, signification

Does your name have a special meaning? Something memorable about a persons appearance is something that is easy to remember about the way they look. Ive got a bad memory I can never remember new vocabulary. Someone who is middle-aged is between about 45 and 55. Madonna named her daughter Lourdes. She named her daughter Lourdes after the town in France. Names like Sky, River and Rain all come from nature. Write new vocabulary in a notebook. Nowadays a lot of people name their children after famous people. People with unusual or original names often feel special.

/mdled/ /nem/

dun ge moyen nommer nommer qn daprs qn/qch. nature carnet

name sb after sb/sth (phr v) /nem ft/ nature (n) notebook (n)

/ne/

nowadays (adv) /nadez/ de nos jours original (adj)

/ntbk/

/rn()l/

original

parking ticket (n) /pk tkt/

contravention de stationnement

Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a parking ticket! The first step in remembering someones name is to pay attention. Beyonc and Britney were popular names a few years ago. We went to a fabulous new restaurant in town. Really? What is it called? A recent survey showed that people with unusual names feel special. Its a good idea to record new words in a notebook. Mary is a religious name. Do you find it easy to remember peoples names? Someone who is retired no longer works. Its important to record and constantly review new language. A shopping mall is a very large building with a lot of shops. Someone who is shy feels nervous when they are with other people. Which side of the family is bigger your mothers side or your fathers side? People who are shy find it difficult to speak out in class. President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering nearly everyones name. Dave and I stay in touch by email and phone. What are the four easy steps for remembering someones name? Someone who is stressed is worried or nervous because they have a lot of problems. Do you watch English DVDs with English subtitles? A recent survey showed that people with unusual names feel special. The sushi is fantastic the best Ive ever tasted!

pay attention /pe tenn/ faire attention popular (adj) Really? /rli/ Vraiment ? recent (adj) /risnt/ rcent record (v) religious (adj) remember (v) retired (adj)

/ppjl/

la mode

/rkd/

consigner, enregister religieux se rappeler retrait

/rls/ /rtad/

/rmemb/

review (v) /rvju/ rviser shopping mall (n) /p ml/ centre commercial shy (adj) /a/ timide side of the family /sad v fmli/ ct de la famille speak out (phr v) staff (n) /stf/ personnel stay in touch (TS) step (n) /step/ tape stressed (adj) /strest/ stress subtitles (n pl) survey (n) /sve/ tude taste (v)

/spik at/

sexprimer

/ste n t/

garder contact

/sbtatlz/ /test/

sous-titres

goter

the past (n) / pst/ le pass train (v) /tren/ entraner trend (n) /trend/ vogue, tendance typical (adj) unfortunately (adv) /nf()ntli/ malheureusement unusual (adj) visualise (v) /vlaz/ visualiser wonder (v) /wnd/ se demander

In the past parents named their children after family relatives. Learning new words is a good way of training your memory. Nowadays naming children after places has become a trend. Pedro is a typical Spanish name. Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a parking ticket! Do you prefer names that are unusual and original? President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons forehead. I wonder if everyone with an unusual or original name feels special.

/tpkl/

typique

/njul/

inhabituel

Family members Membres de la famille

aunt (n) boyfriend (n) brother (n)

/ant/

tante petit ami frre

Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father. Does Marie have a boyfriend? I dont know. Maries brother calls her Baby. Your brother-in-law is the brother of your husband or wife. Some people name their children after famous people. Your cousins are the children of your aunt or uncle. Madonna named her daughter Lourdes, after the town in France. Your ex-husband is the man you are divorced from. Your ex-wife is the woman you are divorced from. Your father is your male parent. Your father-in-law is your wifes or husbands father. Dave listened to me when I had girlfriend problems. Your granddaughter is the daughter of your son or daughter. Your grandfather is the father of your mother or father.

/bfrend/ /br/

brother-in-law (n) /brnl/ beau-frre child (n)/children (pl) cousin (n)

/ald/ldrn/ /kzn/

enfant (s) cousin (e)

daughter (n) /dt/ fille ex-husband (n) ex-wife (n) father (n) father-in-law (n) girlfriend (n)

/ekshzbnd/ /ekswaf/ /fa/

ex-mari ex-femme pre beau-pre petite amie

/fanl/ /glfrend/

granddaughter (n) /grndt/ petite-fille grandfather (n)

/grnfa/

grand-pre

grandmother (n) /grnm/ grand-mre grandson (n) great grandfather (n) /gret grnfa/ arrire grand-pre great grandmother (n) /gret grnm/ arrire grand-mre half-brother (n) /hafbr/ demi-frre half-sister (n) /hafsst/ demi-sur mother (n) mother-in-law (n) nephew (n) niece (n)

Your grandmother is the mother of your mother or father. Your grandson is the son of your daughter or son. Your great-grandfather is the father of your grandmother or grandfather. Your great-grandmother is the mother of your grandmother or grandfather. A half-brother is a brother who has either the same mother or the same father as you. A half-sister is a sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you. Your mother is your female parent. Your mother-in-law is your wifes or husbands mother. Your nephew is a son of your brother or sister. Your niece is a daughter of your brother or sister. In the past, parents named their children after important family relatives. Your partner is the person you live with but who you are not married to. Your relatives are the people in your family. Bens sisters call him Big Ben. Your sister-in-law is the sister of your husband or wife. David and Victoria Beckham named their son Brooklyn after an area in New York. Your stepfather is your mothers second husband. Your stepmother is your fathers second wife. A twin is one of two children born at the same time to the same mother. Your uncle is the brother of your father or mother.

/grnsn/

petit-fils

/m/

mre belle-mre neveu nice

/mnl/ /nefju/ /nis/

parents (n pl) /pernts/ parent partner (n) /patn/ partenaire relative (n) sister (n) sister-in-law (n)

/sst/

/reltv/

parent sur belle-sur

son (n) /sn/ fils stepfather (n) stepmother (n)

/sstnl/

/stepfa/

beau-pre belle-mre (martre)

twin (n) /twn/ jumeau (jumelle) uncle (n)

/stepm/ /kl/

oncle

Unit 2 (p.12)
adventure (n) /dven/ aventure air conditioning (n) /e kndn/ air conditionn architecture (n) buzzing (adj) contrast (n) If youre looking for adventure, dont go to Dahab its quiet there. Its hot in summer, but fortunately my office has air conditioning. The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new. Reykjavik is small but the nightlife is buzzing. Iceland is a land of ice and fire full of contrasts. The currency of a country is the type of money that is used there. We went to a disco at 2.00 a.m. and were surprised to see only a few people on the dance floor. In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street. You can go diving in the Red Sea if you like! They do everything wrong here, but the quality of life is great! Win a Dream Holiday for two in our competition! Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good fun. The quality of life is great and people know how to enjoy themselves. Its important to get enough sleep. Do you like holidays with excitement, adventure and parties? Now I understand why people fall in love with Africa. Iceland is a land of contrasts -- of ice and fire. Flamingos are tall pink birds that live near water. The air in Iceland is freezing but the springs are very hot. Africa is great and I want to go back there. Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good fun.

/aktek/ /bz/ /kntrast/

architecture bourdonnant, vibrant contraste

currency (n) /krnsi/ unit montaire dance floor (n) /dans fl/ piste de danse delicious (adj) go diving

/dls/

dlicieux faire de la plonge

do everything wrong /du evri r/ faire tout faux dream holiday (n) energetic (adj) (TS) /enetk/ nergique enjoy yourself (v refl) /n jself/ samuser enough (det.) excitement (n) /ksatmnt/ agitation fall in love (with) fire (n) flamingo (n) freezing (adj) go back (phr v)

/g dav/

/drim hlde/

vacances de rve

/nf/

suffisament

/fl n lv/ /fa/ /flmg/ /friz/ /g bk/

tomber amoureux (de) feu flamant rose gel retourner

good fun (TS) /gd fn/ trs gai

hate (v) (TS)

hippo (n) /hp/ hippopotame hot springs (n pl) /ht sprz/ geyser ice (n) island (n)

/het/

har

I really hate living here. Its horrible. Hippos are large African animals with thick, grey skin that live near rivers. Hot springs consist of hot water that comes up from under the ground. Iceland is a land of contrasts -- of ice and fire. An island is an area of land that is surrounded by water. My parents live in Hollywood. Really? No, Im kidding, they live near South Beach. There are too many tourists. Why dont they leave us in peace? A lion is a large African animal with golden fur. Iceland is a long way from the rest of Europe but its very up-to-date. Were lucky with our hotel its near the city centre and we have a fantastic view. The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new. There are lots of discos and clubs here the nightlife is great! In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street. Emma flew to Buenos Aires on her own. I live in New York but Im originally from England. Im not really interested in nightlife I prefer peace and quiet. In Rio there are plenty of restaurants, cafs and bars. The quality of life is great and people know how to enjoy themselves. You can go diving or just relax on the beach. The scenery in Africa is spectacular. The bus is very crowded but I usually get a seat. If you shop till you drop, you shop for a long time until you feel very tired. In Africa the scenery is spectacular.

/as/

glace le

Im kidding. /am kd/ je plaisante leave sb in peace (TS) /liv smbdi n pis/ laisser qn en paix lion (n) be a long way from /bi l we frm/ tre loin de lucky (adj) /lki/ chanceux a mixture of nightlife (n) /natlaf/ vie nocturne noodles (n pl) on your own (TS) originally (adv)

/alnd/

/lan/

lion

/ mksr v/ /nudlz/

un mlange de

nouilles tout(e) seul(e) lorigine

/n jr n/ /rn()li/ /plenti v/ /rlks/

peace and quiet /pis n kwat/ paix et tranquilit plenty of (TS) beaucoup de quality of life (n) /kwlti v laf/ qualit de vie relax (v) scenery (n) seat (n) se relaxer paysage place assise faire des courses jusqu puisement spectaculaire

/sinri/ /sit/

shop till you drop /p tl j drp/ spectacular (adj)

/spektkjl/

traffic (n) /trfk/ circulation have trouble doing sth /hv trbl du sm/ up-to-date (adj) /ptdet/ welcome (n) welcoming (adj) avoir des difficults faire qch. au got du jour, la mode accueil accueillant

Everyone has a car nowadays and theres too much traffic on the roads. We went out to dinner at 11.30 p.m. and had trouble getting a table. A place that is up-to-date is modern and exciting. In Dahab, youll find the best welcome in Egypt. African people are friendly and welcoming. Shanghai is, without a doubt, the best place on earth for shopping!

/welkm/

without a doubt /wat dat/ sans aucun doute

/welkm/

Adjectives to describe places Adjectifs pour dcrire les lieux

beautiful (adj) /bjutfl/ beau, belle big (adj) boring (adj) The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and clean. Paulo loves Rio he thinks its big and exciting. Armelle thinks the village is dull and boring at night. The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and clean. Venice is very noisy and crowded, especially in the summer. The canals in Venice are so dirty and polluted. I find it dull here there arent any discos or cinemas. Why do you like Rio? Its big and exciting. Because of the tourists, the shops are too expensive. Win a dream holiday in one of these fabulous destinations! I dont like Rio much in the summer; its too hot and humid. Whats the weather like? Its hot and humid. In big cities, there are lots of interesting places to visit. The air in the countryside is lovely and clean. Shanghai is a modern, up-to-date city.

/bg/

grand ennuyant

clean (adj) /klin/ propre crowded (adj) /kradd/ dirty (adj) dull (adj) exciting (adj) expensive (adj) bond, rempli par la foule sale ennuyeux, triste passionnant, excitant cher

/br/

/dti/ /dl/ /ksat/

fabulous (adj) /fbjls/ fabuleux hot (adj) /ht/ chaud (trs) humid (adj) interesting (adj) lovely (adj) modern (adj)

/kspensv/

/hjumd/ /lvli/

humide intressant ravissant moderne

/ntrst/ /md()n/

noisy (adj) /nzi/ bruyant polluted (adj) romantic (adj) /rmntk/ romantique small (adj) spectacular (adj)

There are too many tourists. It gets very noisy and crowded. The canals in Venice are very dirty and polluted. A lot of people think Venice is a special place a very romantic city. Armelle lives in a small village with her parents. The view of the city from our hotel room is spectacular.

/plutd/ /sml/

pollu

petit spectaculaire

/spektkjl/

Compass directions Points cardinaux

centre (n) north (n/adj) north-east (n/adj)

/sent/ /n/ /nist/

centre nord nord-est

Ankara is in the centre of Turkey. Hollywood is north of Los Angeles. Manchester is just north-east of Liverpool. Manchester and Liverpool are in the north-west of England. Los Angeles is south of Hollywood. London is in the south-east of England. Cornwall is a region in the south-west of England. Berlin is in the east of Germany. Los Angeles is on the west coast of the USA.

north-west (n/adj) /nwest/ nord-ouest south (n/adj) south-east (n/adj) south-west (n/adj) east (n/adj) west (n/adj)

/sa/

sud sud-est sud-ouest est ouest

/saist/ /ist/

/sawest/ /west/

Places in a city Lieux dans une ville

art gallery (n) bar (n)

/t gl()ri/ /b/

galerie dart bar

Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries. There are lots of interesting cafs and bars in Rio. Copacabana Beach is the most famous beach in the world. The Rialto Bridge is a very famous bridge in Venice. In Venice the canals are dirty and polluted. It can be difficult to park in big cities as the car parks are often full. Theres a very famous castle in Edinburgh on top of a hill. A cathedral is a very big church in a city.

beach (n) /bi/ plage bridge (n) canal (n)

/br/

pont canal

car park (n) /k pk/ parking castle (n) cathedral (n)

/knl/ /ksl/

chteau cathdrale

/kidrl/

church (n) // glise fountain (n) /fantn/ fountaine high-rise buildings (n pl) /ha raz bldz/ hautes tours hill (n) library (n) /labrri/ bibliothque mosque (n) museum (n)

San Marco in Venice is one of the most famous churches in the world. A fountain is a structure through which water rises into the air and falls again. In some parts of Rio there are too many high-rise buildings. The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill. A library is a building where you go to read or borrow books. A mosque is a building in which Muslims worship. Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries. The big park in the centre of New York is called Central Park. There are plenty of cheap restaurants and bars in Rio. Dahab is a town in Egypt by the Red Sea. There are lots of shopping centres in Shanghai. Piazza is the Italian word for square. The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill. A theatre is a building where you go to see plays.

/hl/

colline

/msk/

mosque muse

park (n) /pk/ parc restaurant (n) sea (n) shopping centre (n) square (n) statue (n) theatre (n)

/mjuzim/

/rest()rnt/ /si/ /p sent/ /skwe/ /t/ /stu/

restaurant mer centre commercial place statue thtre

Unit 3 (p.20)
affair (n) /fe/ aventure (extra-conjugale) Lady Moons husband didnt hide his affair and this made her feel really bad. A cameraman is someone who uses a camera to make films or TV programmes. Fred went to the canteen and this little lady was serving lunch. A cellar is a room at the bottom of a house where you can keep things. Lady Moons husband had a collection of fine wines in the cellar.

cameraman (n) /kmrmn/ camraman canteen (n) (TS) /kntin/ cantine cellar (n) /sel/ cave collection (n) /knekn/ collection, choix

10

contestant (n) /kntestnt/ participant, concurrent correctly (adv) /krektli/ correctement doorstep (n) /dstep/ seuil, pas de porte film (v) filming (n) /flm/ tournage find out (phr v) /fand at/ dcouvrir furious (adj) /fjris/ furieux game show (n) /gem / jeu tlvis get your revenge /get j rven/ prendre sa revanche heart attack (n) (TS) hide (v)

Contestants Rosie and Dave want to win the 10,000 prize. The old man predicted the weather correctly and saved the director thousands of dollars. She went round the village and put a bottle of wine on each doorstep. The director was filming an important film in the desert. The director and the cameraman talked about the next days filming. When she found out her husband was having an affair, she decided not to leave him. He was furious when Hermione told him she was in a night club. A game show is a TV programme in which people try to win money. When you get your revenge, you do something bad to someone who has done something bad to you. She nearly had a heart attack when Fred rang her up. He didnt hide his affair and this made her feel really bad. If a game show is hosted by someone, it is presented by that person. The director was impressed and gave the old man a job. When she answered the mobile, music was playing loudly in the background. Do you agree that it doesnt matter if children lose touch with their parents? She was very angry when she saw his car parked outside his lovers house. Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is to have children? We moved to different places and lost touch with each other. Dave went into hospital for an operation. A patient is someone who is ill or injured and receives medical treatment.

/flm/

filmer

/ht tk/ /had/

crise cardiaque cacher

be hosted by /bi hstd ba/ tre anim/dirig par impressed (adj) in the background /n bkgrand/

/mprest/

impressionn dans le fond, en arrire-plan

It doesnt matter /t dznt mt/ Ce nest pas important lover (n) /lv/ matresse, amant main (adj) /men/ principal move (to) (v) /muv/ dmnager () operation (n) patient (n) /pent/ patient

/pren/

opration

11

post (v) /pst/ annoter pour (v) predict (v) /prdkt/ prdire be right /bi rat/ avoir raison same (adj) /sem/ mme separate (adj) shake your head /ek j hed/ secouer la tte be sick (TS) /bi sk/ storm (n) studio (n) on time

He posted Hermiones meal to her with a note saying, Heres your dinner.! She poured thick white paint over her husbands new car. Someone who predicts something says that it will happen in the future. The old man was right he said Tomorrow rain and the next day it rained. Rosie and Dave have to give the same answers to the same questions. Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios. If you shake your head, you often mean No. or I dont know.

/p/

verser

/sep()rt/

diffrent, spar

tre malade, avoir Dave said, Nurse, Im going to be sick. la nause tempte studio lheure If there is a storm, there is a lot of wind and rain. Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios. Hermione was always late she never arrived on time. My four friends arrived on time, but unsurprisingly Hermione didnt. She left the other bottles on the war memorial in the centre of the village.

/stm/

/stjudi/ /n tam/

unsurprisingly (adv) /nsprazli/ sans surprise war memorial (n) /w mmril/ monument aux morts

Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectifs et adverbes

angry (adj) angrily (adv)

/gri/

fch en colre

Lady Moon was angry and decided to get her revenge. Where are you? he shouted angrily. At first he found the differences between himself and Hermione attractive. She always looks smart and dresses attractively. She felt bad because her husband didnt hide his affair. I dont play tennis well in fact I play very badly. She poured paint over her husbands beautiful new black car. Shes very talented and plays the piano beautifully.

attractive (adj) /trktv/ attirant(e) attractively (adv) bad (adj) badly (adv)

/grli/

/trktvli/ /bd/ /bdli/

d une manire attirante mal (adj) mal (adv)

beautiful (adj) /bjutfl/ beau, belle beautifully (adv)

/bjutfli/

admirablement

12

careful (adj) carefully (adv) different (adj) differently (adv) early (adj) early (adv) good (adj) late (adj) late (adv) loud (adj)

/kefl/

prudent prudemment diffrent diffremment de bon matin tt, en avance bon tard en retard, tardivement bruyant

Shes a careful driver. I plan my days carefully. Hermione and I were very different. Weve decided to organise things differently this year. I hate getting up in the early morning. I always arrived early; she always arrived late. Hermiones ex-boyfriend is a good cook. If you have a late night, it means you go to bed late. I always arrived early; she always arrived late. Its difficult to have a conversation when the musics loud. When she answered her mobile, music was playing loudly in the background. They came to see us for a quick visit. She quickly drove home and put a pot of paint into her car. Theres too much noise. Please be quiet! Lady Moon quietly placed a bottle of wine on each doorstep. A tidy person always makes sure things are in the correct place. Everything on the desk was arranged tidily. Her husband didnt hide his affair and this made her unhappy. She thought it was better to be unhappily married than not married at all. I cook well so I decided to have a dinner party.

/kef()li/ /dfrnt/ /li/ /li/ /let/ /let/ /dfrntli/

/gd/

loudly (adv) /ladli/ bruyamment quick (adj) quickly (adv) /kwkli/ rapidement Be quiet! (adj) quietly (adv) /kwatli/ tranquillement tidy (adj) /tadi/ soign(e) tidily (adv) unhappy (adj) /nhpi/ malheureux(se) unhappily (adv) /nhpli/ malheureusement well (adv)

/lad/

/kwk/

rapide

/bi kwat/

Sois /soyez tranquille(s)!

/tadli/

soigneusement

/wel/

bien

Adjectives ending in ed and ing Adjectifs se terminant par et ant

annoyed (adj) /nd/ contrari annoying (adj) bored (adj) When the dog makes a lot of noise, the neighbours get annoyed. Its annoying when the dog makes a lot of noise. The students are often bored in lessons.

/n/ /bd/

contrariant ennuy

13

boring (adj) confused (adj)

/br/

ennuyant embrouill

Sometimes, our lessons are very boring. Looking at the map, I was confused. The map wasnt easy to understand it was very confusing. England fans were depressed at the score: Brazil 6 England 0. Brazil 6 England 0 is a depressing score for England fans. Children are sometimes embarrassed by their parents. Parents sometimes do things that their children think are embarrassing. Excited spectators watched the race. The race is very exciting. Are you frightened of dogs? Some people think dogs are frightening. Are you interested in football? Shes a good teacher her lessons are very interesting. The boy got 90% in his exam and was very surprised. He got a surprising 90% in the exam. I often feel tired after work. Work can be very tiring.

confusing (adj) /knfjuz/ embrouillant depressed (adj) /dprest/ dprim depressing (adj) embarrassed (adj)

/knfjuzd/

/dpres/

dprimant embarrass

embarrassing (adj) /mbrs/ embarrassant excited (adj) exciting (adj) frightened (adj) frightening (adj) interested (adj) interesting (adj) surprised (adj) surprising (adj) tired (adj) tiring (adj)

/mbrst/ /ksatd/ /ksat/ /fratnd/

excit excitant effray effrayant intress interessant surpris surprenant fatigu fatigant

/fratn/

/ntrstd/ /ntrst/ /sprazd/ /tad/

/spraz/ /tar/

Expressions with get Expressions avec get

1) get a text message /get tekst mes/ get a job get new shoes /get nju uz/ 2) get better get dark /get dk/ get warm recevoir , trouver un message trouver un travail trouver des nouvelles chaussures devenir/aller mieux devenir sombre, faire nuit devenir/faire chaud How many text messages do you get a day? I want to get a job for the summer. Im going shopping; I want to get some new shoes. He works hard and is getting better at English. It gets dark early in the winter. In the summer, it can get very warm.

/get b/ /get bet/

/get wm/

14

3) get home

get there /get e/ arriver l, y arriver It takes me 20 minutes to get to school; I leave home at 8.30 and get there at 8.50. get to work 4) get changed get dressed get married 5) get on (phr v)

/get hm/

arriver la maison

What time do you get home?

/get end/ /get drest/ /get n/ /get p/ /get mrid/

/get t wk/

arriver au travail se changer shabiller se marier (bien) sentendre se retrouver, tre ensemble se lever

What time do you get to work in the morning? I got changed and went to play football. I had a shower and got dressed. Do you want to get married? Do you get on with your brothers and sisters? Shall we all get together for a drink? He usually gets up at 7.30 in the morning.

get together (phr v) /get tge/ get up (phr v)

Narrative linkers Mots charnires

A week later / wik let/ Une semaine plus tard At first /t fst/ Au dbut, dabord At the end of (August) Finally (adv) /fan()li/ Finalement Last year Next (adv) One day A week later, Hermione sent a postcard saying, Too much salt.! At first she was only 15 or 20 minutes late. But she got later and later. Its my birthday at the end of August. Finally she took a pair of scissors and cut the arms and legs off all his suits. Last year, I went out with Hermione for four months. Next she took his collection of wines from the cellar. One day she saw his car parked outside his lovers house. That evening my friends arrived on time but Hermione was late. That night she went round the village and placed a bottle of wine on each doorstep. The next morning I posted her dinner to her. She drove to the lovers house. Then she poured white paint over her husbands car.

/t i end v/ /lst j/ /nekst/ /wn de/

la fin d(aot)

Lanne dernire Ensuite Un jour

That evening /t ivn/ Ce soir-l That night /t nat/ Cette nuit-l The next morning Then (adv) /en/ Puis, aprs

/ nekst mn/

Le lendemain matin

15

Relationship expressions Locutions exprimant une relation

chat sb up (phr v) fall in love

/t smbdi p/ /fl n lv/

draguer/allumer qn tomber amoureux

She chatted Fred up by saying, Ill be your girl tonight. When did Teresa and Fred first fall in love? If you fancy someone, you want to have relationship with them. Teresa got divorced after 30 years of marriage. How old were your parents when they got married? They met in Blackpool and went out together for three months. Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is to have children? She was very angry and they had a row.

fancy sb (v) /fnsi smbdi/ se sentir attir par qn get divorced get married

/get dvst/ /get mrid/

tre divorc, divorcer se marier

go out together /g at tge/ sortir ensemble have children /hv ldrn/ avoir des enfants have a row /hv ra/ avoir une dispute, une scne

kiss sb (v) /ks smbdi/ embrasser qn live together (phr v) /lv tge/ vivre ensemble lose touch (with sb) meet (sb) (v) meet the parents

When you kiss someone, you touch their face with your lips to show that you like them. Is it a good idea to live together before you get married? We lost touch with each other after a few months. Teresa and Fred first met fifty years ago. I was quite nervous before meeting the parents. When two people move in together, they start living together in the same house or flat. Fred rang her up and they met soon after that. When two people split up, they end their relationship.

/luz t/ /mit/ /mit pernts/

perdre contact (avec qn) rencontrer (qn) tre prsent aux parents

move in together /muv n tge/ emmnager ensemble ring sb up (phr v) split up (phr v)

/r smbdi p/ /splt p/

appeler qn (par tl.) se sparer

Review A (p.28)
arrange to do sth chat (v) /t/ bavarder confident (adj)

/ren t du sm/ /knfd()nt/

convenir de faire qch.

One day we arranged to meet in a caf. We chatted and I discovered Mark was an interesting person. Adriana knew everyone and was very confident.

sr de soi

16

cool (adj) far too much/many a first impression of sb

/kul/

cool bien trop de

I liked her but thought she was too cool. We eat far too much chocolate/far too many chocolates.

generous (adj) /enrs/ gnreux get into trouble /get nt trbl/ good-looking (adj) se mettre dans des problmes bien de sa personne

/ fst mpren v smbdi/

/f tu m/meni/

une premire What was your first impression of your best friend? impression de qn Debs a fantastic person shes very generous and a lot of fun. We were naughty at school and got into trouble! Someone who is good-looking has an attractive face. Your home town is the town where you were born or grew up. Deb and Liz met in a caf and liked each other immediately. We met on an internet chat site in 2003. Woody made me laugh 20 years ago and he makes me laugh now! What do you do for a living? Im a nurse. He looks very young, in fact he looks like a student. What does your name mean? I do my work carefully I never make mistakes! We were naughty at school and got into trouble! They talked online all the time and one day they arranged to meet. Public transport is transport that everyone can use such as buses and trains. Deb and Liz are very similar they both lived abroad and both had parents who got divorced. Someone who is single is not married or does not have a partner. They were watching TV when the baby woke up.

home town (n) /hm tan/ ville natale immediately (adv) /miditli/ immdiatement internet chat site (n) laugh (v) /lf/ rire a living (n sing.) look like mean (v) mistake (n) naughty (adj)

/gdlk/

/ntnet t sat/ / lv/ /min/

site internet de chat

gagner sa vie/ pour vivre ressembler signifier erreur mchant

/lk lak/ /mstek/ /nti/

online (adv) /nlan/ en ligne, online public transport (n) /pblk trnspt/ transports publics similar (adj) /sml/ semblable single (adj) /sgl/ clibataire wake up (phr v)

/wek p/

se rveiller

17

Unit 4 (p.32)
according to /kd tu/ selon, daprs across the UK/Spain etc /krs juke/spen/ afford to do sth /fd t du sm/ According to environmental groups, cheap clothes are bad for the environment.

travers/dans tout le New stores are opening across the UK, Spain and Ireland. Royaume-Uni/ lEspagne etc avoir les moyens de faire qch. Jim cant afford to buy electronic equipment its too expensive. Most men only agree to go shopping when they really need something. Its annoying when people are late for appointments. On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year. Why does Conor avoid going into supermarkets? A book review is an article in which someone gives their opinion about a book they have read. Some women dont bother to look at the price tag before they buy.

agree (v) /gri/ tre daccord appointment (n) on average avoid (v)

/pntmnt/ /n vr/ /vd/

rendez-vous en moyenne viter

book review (n) /bk rvju/ critique dun livre I dont bother to do sth

/a dnt b t du sm/ /bratli kld/ /kmpe/ /kra/ /knsjum/

je ne membte pas faire qch.

brightly coloured (adj) compare (v) consumer (n) cry (v) (TS)

je ne me donne pas le mal de .. de couleur vive comparer consommateur pleurer Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes? I enjoy comparing prices and quality in different shops. Consumers pay low prices for clothes at Primark. When Eddies sister read the card, she cried! Friends of the Earth say cheap clothes are damaging the environment. Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes? He bought her an expensive diamond ring for her birthday. Do you have digital TV? She didnt like the present and cried when she read the card. What a disaster! You cant recycle cheap clothes they are disposable.

damage (v) /dm/ abmer dark (adj) diamond ring (n) /damnd r/ bague avec un diamant digital (adj) disaster (n) (TS) /dzst/ dsastre disposable (adj)

/dk/

sombre

/dtl/

digitale

/dspzbl/

jeter, jetable

18

the environment (n sing.) /i nvarnmnt/ lenvironnement environmental group (n) /nvarnmentl grup/ groupe cologiste eventually (adv) (TS) exchange (v) the fashion pages (n pl) fit (v)

The environment is the natural world we live in, including land, water and air. Environmental groups want to protect the environment. Eventually Eddie found a really good present a foot spa. Can I exchange the top if it doesnt fit? Are you interested in the fashion pages of magazines? If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you. A foot spa is a piece of equipment which you fill with water and put your feet into to relax. I bought a lovely card for her and wrote a funny message inside. A lot of men like electronic gadgets. I always get dressed before breakfast.

/venuli/ /ksen/ /ft/ / fn pez/

finalement changer pages de mode aller (vtement)

foot spa (n) (TS) /ft sp/ pdiluve, bain de pied funny (adj) (TS) /fni/ drle gadget (n) get dressed/undressed

/gt/

gadget shabiller, se dshabiller

give somebody a lift /gv smbdi lft/ go mad for sth /g md f sm/ go on the internet (TS)

/get drest/ndrest/

prendre/emmener qn Will you give me a lift to the station? (en voiture) devenir fou, perdre la tte pour qch. aller sur Internet Women went mad for the jacket, which cost 12. Eddie went on the internet to find his sister a present. Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are opening. Someone who is intuitive knows the right thing to say or do. On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year. Rings, necklaces and bracelets are all types of jewellery. Do you agree that a real present is something you can keep? Flowers are lovely but they dont last for more than a week. Jim never manages to find time to go shopping. A medium size is neither big nor small. I dont mind spending a long time looking for clothes.

increase (v) /nkris/ accrotre intuitive (adj) /ntjutv/ intuitif item of clothing (n) jewellery (n)

/g n i ntnet/

/atm v kl/ /ulri/

articles dhabillement bijoux

keep (v) /kip/ garder, conserver last (v) /lst/ durer manage to do sth medium (adj) I dont mind doing sth

/mn t du sm/ /a dnt mand du sm/ /midim/

parvenir faire qch. moyen Cela ne me gne pas (de faire qch.)

19

necessity (n)

overjoyed (adj) /vd/ fou de joie planet (n) present (n)

/nsesti/ /plnt/

ncessit

For Conor shopping is a necessity, not a pleasure. My husband was overjoyed when I bought him a Swiss army knife. Things that you cant recycle are bad for the planet. Men and women like different sorts of present. Do you always look at the price tag before you buy clothes? Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are opening. Get dressed means the same as putting clothes on. Do you agree that a real present is something you can keep? If you want to exchange something, you must keep the receipt. Things that you can recycle are good for the planet. Why does Jim refuse to go into shoe shops with his girlfriend? In 2005 Primark was renamed the new Prada. If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you. You cant sell cheap clothes second-hand. Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties or silly socks. What size is she small, medium or large? A spokesperson is someone who expresses the opinion of a large organisation.

plante cadeau

price tag (n) /pras tg/ tiquette du prix profits (n pl) /prfts/ profits put on (phr v) real (adj) /rl/ vrai receipt (n) /rsit/ quittance, reu recycle (v) refuse (v) /rfjuz/ refuser rename (v) right (adj) second-hand (adv) silly (adj) size (n)

/preznt/

/pt n/

mettre qch.

/risakl/

recycler

/rinem/ /rat/ /sekndhnd/ /sli/ /saz/

rebaptiser, renommer bonne, juste doccasion ridicule taille

spokesperson (n) /spkspsn/ porte-parole (I) cant stand doing sth suit (v)

/(a) knt stnd du sm/ /sut/

(Je) ne peux supporter A lot of men cant stand shopping for clothes. de faire qch. aller (vtement) Red doesnt really suit me. I always tell my family I want a surprise for my birthday, but I never get it. A Swiss army knife is a knife with a red handle that does a lot of different things. Taking off your clothes means the same as getting undressed.

surprise (n) spraz surprise Swiss army knife (n) /sws mi naf/ couteau suisse take off (phr v) /tek f/ ter

20

try on (phr v) /tra n/ essayer as usual /z jul/ comme dhabitude

When you try clothes on, you put them on to see if they fit before you buy them. As usual she didnt really get what she wanted for her birthday.

Adverbs of frequency Adverbes de frquence

always (adv) /lwez/ toujours hardly ever (adv) never (adv) My family always ask me what I want and I always tell them the same thing. Flowers hardly ever last for more than a week. Jim never manages to find time to go shopping. My girlfriend normally goes shopping without me. How often does Conor go into a clothes shop? Only very occasionally. Conor often goes into book shops. Jim rarely goes shopping with his girlfriend. I sometimes do my food shopping online. She usually goes shopping without me.

/hdli ev/ /nev/

presque jamais jamais rgulirement, normalement

normally (adv) /nm()li/

occasionally (adv) /ken()li/ occasionnellement often (adv) rarely (adv) sometimes (adv) usually (adv)

/fn/

souvent rarement quelque fois habituellement

/reli/

/smtamz/ /juli/

Collocations: a box of Locutions : une bote de a bunch of un bouquet de

a bottle of wine/ perfume/whisky a box of chocolates/ matches/tissues

/ btl v wan/ pfjum/wski/

une bouteille de vin/ parfum/whisky une bote de chocolats/ dallumettes/de mouchoirs

Can I order a bottle of red wine? They gave me a box of chocolates for my birthday.

a bunch of flowers/ / bn v flaz/ grapes/keys greps/kiz/ a can of beans/ / kn v binz/ petrol/tomatoes petrl/tmtz/

/ bks v klts/ mz/tuz/

un bouquet de fleurs/ I got lots of bunches of grapes when I was in hospital. une grappe de raisin/ un trousseau de cls une bote de haricots/ Pour the can of tomatoes into a saucepan. un jerrycan dessence/ une bote de tomates un pot de confiture/un He opened a jar of instant coffee. pot de caf instantan/ un verre de mayonnaise

a jar of jam/instant / r v m/ coffee/mayonnaise nstnt kfi/menez/

21

a packet of cigarettes/ / pkt v sgrets/ crisps/biscuits krsps/bskts/ a pair of socks/scissors/ / per v sks/szz/ jeans inz/ a piece of cake/ / pis v kek/ furniture/wood fn/wd/

un paquet de How much is a packet of cigarettes? cigarettes/ chips/gteaux secs une paire de She bought her husband a pair of brightly coloured socks. chaussettes/ ciseaux/ un jean une part de gteau/ A cup of coffee and a piece of cake, please. un meuble/ un morceau de bois

Clothes and Accessories Vtements et accessoires

bracelet (n) /breslt/ bracelet dress (n) /dres/ robe earrings (n pl) gloves (n) /glvz/ gants hat (n) jacket (n) jeans (n pl) A bracelet is a piece of jewellery you wear around your arm. A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and skirts. Earrings are pieces of jewellery you wear in your ears. You wear gloves on your hands in winter to keep them warm. He was wearing a woollen hat on his head. My favourite piece of clothing is my blue denim jacket. The denim jeans in Photo A cost 120. A jumper is a piece of clothing made of wool that covers your arms and body. A necklace is a piece of jewellery that you wear around your neck. Pyjamas are a jacket and trousers that you wear in bed. In Photo A Jade is wearing a cream cotton raincoat. You wear a scarf round your neck in winter to keep warm. Conor only goes into clothes shops if he needs a new shirt. Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers? In Photos B and D Jade is wearing plain red shorts. A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and skirts.

/rz/ /ht/

boucles doreille

chapeau veste jean tricot (de femme), pull-over

/kt/ /inz/

jumper (n) /mp/

necklace (n) /nekls/ collier pyjamas (n pl) raincoat (n)

/pmz/ /renkt/

pyjama impermable

scarf (n) /skrf/ foulard shirt (n) /rt/ chemise shoes (n pl) shorts (n pl)

/uz/

chaussures short

skirt (n) /skt/ jupe

/ts/

22

suit (n) tie (n)

/sut/ /ta/

costume cravatte

I wear formal clothes such as suits to work. Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties. Tights are a piece of clothing worn by women that cover the feet and legs. In Photo D Jade is wearing a blue-and-white striped top. Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers? A vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves. A waistcoat is an item of clothing without sleeves that you wear over a shirt.

tights (n pl) /tats/ collants (vtement) top (n) trainers (n pl) vest (n)

/tp/

haut, top baskets maillot (de corps)

/trenz/ /vest/

waistcoat (n) /westkt/ gilet

Designs Dessins
checked (adj) /ekt/ carreaux floral (adj) pinstriped (adj) /pnstrapt/ rayures fines plain (adj) striped (adj) A checked shirt is a shirt with a design of small or large squares. A floral design is a design with flowers on it. People such as bankers or businessmen often wear pinstriped suits. A plain shirt or top has no design on it. In Photo D shes wearing a blue-and-white striped top.

/flrl/ /plen/

fleurs

uni ray

/strapt/

Materials Tissus
cotton (adj) denim (adj) leather (adj) nylon (adj) silk (adj)

/ktn/ /le/ /slk/

coton denim cuir nylon soie

Do you prefer cotton or nylon shirts? Most people have a pair of denim jeans. He was wearing an expensive pair of leather shoes. I want a pair of black nylon tights. He likes wearing expensive silk ties. Woollen hats are fashionable for young people nowadays.

/denm/ /naln/

woollen (adj) /wln/ (de, en) laine

23

Unit 5 (p.40)
application form (n) awake (adj) be in danger

/plken fm/ /wek/ /bi n den/ /bust/ /bzi/ /k/ /kl f/ /slebrti/ /ip/ /kl/

formulaire de demande rveill tre en danger

Fill in the application form and post it to us. Awake is the opposite of asleep. Your health is in danger! You must do more exercise. One of the benefits of laughter is that it reduces the effects of stress. Laughter boosts the immune system. Heathrow Airport is busier than Los Angeles Airport. Nobody can come to my party Id better call it off. Cash is money in the form of notes and coins. Beckham, Alonso and Federer are all sports celebrities. Cheap is the opposite of expensive. If you clear something up, you make it clean or tidy. Do you climb more than 100 stairs a day? Do you think that women are more complex than men? A lot of people find shopping online more convenient. Do you walk or cycle to school? If you scored 20 or less, you are dangerously unfit. I must deal with this problem immediately. When you do the ironing, you make clean clothes smooth using an iron. Someones earnings are the amount of money they get by doing a job. Life is more enjoyable when youre fit. Fill in the application form and post it to us. If you are fit, you are healthy and active. The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was freezing.

benefit (n) (TS) /benft/ bnfice boost (v) (TS) busy (adj) call off (phr v) cash (n) celebrity (n) (TS) cheap (adj) clear up (phr v) climb (v) complex (adj) convenient (adj) cycle (v) dangerously (adv) stimuler (trs) frquent annuler en espces clbrit, personnalit bon march remettre en ordre monter compliqu commode aller bicyclette dangereusement soccuper (de qch), rgler (une affaire)

/klam/

/kmpleks/ /sakl/

/knvinint/ /denrsli/

deal with sth (phr v) /dil w sm/

do the ironing /du i an/ faire le repassage earnings (n pl) /nz/ salaire enjoyable (adj) fill in (phr v) fit (adj)

/nbl/ /fl n/ /ft/

agrable remplir en forme

freezing (adj) (TS) /friz/ gel

24

get ready /get redi/ tre prt, se prparer get to sleep give away (phr v) /gv we/ donner give up (phr v) /gv p/

How long does it take you to get ready to go out for the evening? How long does it take you to get to sleep at night? If you give something away, you give it to someone else without asking for money.

/get t slip/

sendormir

abandonner, arrter Its a good idea to give up smoking. (de faire qch.) Someone who is gorgeous is very good-looking and healthy. Hang up your clothes when you take them off. Having a laugh is good for people. If you scored 20 or less, your health is in danger. Healthy people find life more enjoyable. The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was freezing. Mount Kilimanjaro is higher than Mount Fuji. Hold on to the board. Dont let go! Do you do at least one hour of housework a day? Laughter boosts the immune system. If it was raining, we stayed inside and did Scottish dancing. In football you must kick the ball, not touch it with your hand. Hold on to the board. Dont let go! Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing? When I want to look my best, I wear a suit. A loud laugh exercises the lungs. Clear up this mess, please! A novel is a story about people or situations that are not real. Pick up the racket and try again.

gorgeous (adj) (TS) /gs/ magnifique hang up (phr v) have a laugh health (n) healthy (adj)

/h p/ /hel/

accrocher rire (v.) aux clats sant en bonne sant

/hv lf/ /heli/ /ha/

heated (adj) (TS) /hitd/ chauff high (adj) hold on (phr v) housework (n) immune system (n) (TS) haut tenir, agripper mnage systme immunitaire

/hld n/

/haswk/

inside (adv) (TS) /nsad/ lintrieur kick (v) /kk/ donner un coup de pied laughter (n) let go lie (v) look my best lung (n) (TS) (a) mess (n sing.)

/mjun sstm/

/lft/ /la/

rire (s) (n.) 15 to 20 minutes of laughter a day is good for you. lcher prise tre allong tre son avantage poumon dsordre

/let g/ /lk m best/ /l/ /mes/

novel (n) /nvl/ roman pick up (phr v)

/pk p/

ramasser

25

possession (n)

practise (v) /prkts/ sexercer release (v) /rlis/ librer reliable (adj) as a result /z rzlt/ par suite de rude (adj) (TS) safe (adj) (tennis) serve (n) (go) sightseeing sit down (phr v)

/pzen/

possession, bien

My most valuable possession is my MP3 player. Im not very good at tennis because I dont have time to practise. When you laugh, you release happy chemicals called endorphins. Are German cars more reliable than British cars? You are healthier than most people and find life more enjoyable as a result. Youre horrible! Dont be rude, Rebecca! Is flying safer than driving a car? Andy Roddick has the fastest tennis serve. Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing? Dont eat breakfast on your feet. Sit down and enjoy it! If you smell something, you recognise its smell with your nose. A lot of people think French food is very sophisticated. A recent study shows that adults dont laugh enough. If you are sweaty, the surface of your skin is wet because you are very hot. Switching off the lights and sitting in silence is a good way to relax. Only switch on the TV if you really want to watch something. Cristiano Ronaldo is young, good-looking and a very talented player. Thin is the opposite of fat. Pick up your racket and throw the ball in the air. Throw away any clothes you havent worn for the past two years. In football, you mustnt touch the ball with your hand. Only 8.2% of the population trust the government. If you turn up the volume, you make music or sound louder.

/rlabl/ /rud/ /sef/ /sv/

sr

grossier, malpoli plus sr service (tennis) aller visiter sasseoir

/satsi/

smell (v) /smel/ sentir sophisticated (adj) study (n) (TS)

/st dan/

sweaty (adj) /sweti/ en sueur switch off (phr v) /sw f/ teindre switch on (phr v) /sw n/ allumer talented (adj) /tlntd/ talentueux thin (adj) throw (v)

/stdi/

/sfstketd/

sophistiqu, recherch tude

/n/

mince lancer

throw away (phr v) /r we/ jeter touch (v) trust (v)

/r/ /t/

toucher faire confiance

turn up (phr v) /tn p/ augmenter, monter

/trst/

26

unfit (adj) valuable (adj) walk (v) wet (adj)

/nft/ /wk/ /wet/

pas en forme prcieux, de prix marcher humide

Someone who is unfit is not healthy or active. My most valuable possession is my MP3 player. Do you walk or cycle to school? Rome is wetter than London.

/vljbl/

How? questions Quel /-le?, Combien de ? forme interrogative

How far? How fast? How long? How many? How much? How often? How old? How well?

/ha f/

() quelle distance ? () quelle vitesse ? Combien de temps ? Combien de (pl.) ? Combien de (sing.).. ? Combien de fois ? Quel ge.. ? () quel point ?

How far is it from your house to school? How fast does your car go? How long does it take you to do your homework? How many brothers and sisters do you have? How much exercise do you do every week? How often do you travel by train? How old is Thierry Henry? How well do you know your neighbours?

/ha fst/ /ha l/ /ha meni/ /ha m/ /ha fn/ /ha ld/ /ha wel/

Sports Sports
aerobic exercise (n) athletics (n) basketball (n) cycling (n) fishing (n) football (n) golf (n)

/erbk/ /letks/ /sakl/ /f/ /glf/ /ftbl/ /bsktbl/

exercice darobic athltisme basket-ball cyclisme, faire du vlo pche, aller la pche football golf faire de la randonne, marcher pied hockey

Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise. I never enjoyed doing athletics at school. Professional basketball players are often very tall. Cycling is a popular sport in France. Fishing is the sport of catching fish. Football is a very popular sport. Golf is quite an expensive sport. At weekends I enjoy going hiking in the hills. In winter Tina did hockey at school.

hiking (n) /hak/ hockey (n) horse-riding (n) (TS) /hsrad/ jogging (n)

/hki/

monter cheval, Rebecca hates tennis but likes horse-riding. quitation jogging Do you sometimes go jogging? People usually wear a white jacket and trousers to do judo.

judo (n) /ud/ judo

/g/

27

rowing (n) rugby (n) skiing (n) snowboarding (n) soccer (n) swimming (n) tennis (n) volleyball (n)

/r/

aviron rugby faire du ski faire du snowboard football amricain faire de la natation tennis volleyball faire de la planche voile

Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise. Rugby is more popular with men than women. We often go skiing in the mountains. Id like to go snowboarding. I love the mountains. In the USA, people call football soccer. She goes swimming three times a week. You need a racket and balls to play tennis. Do you enjoy playing volleyball on the beach? Ive never been windsurfing. I cant swim.

/rgbi/

/ski/ /sk/

/snbd/ /swm/ /tens/ /vlibl/

windsurfing (n) /wndsf/

Sports equipment Sports quipement

football (n) /ftbl/ ballon de football football boots (n) football shirt (n) goggles (n) golf ball (n) golf club (n) helmet (n) net (n) The ball you kick when you play football is also called a football. Ronaldo wears expensive football boots. Jimmys wearing the number 7 on his football shirt. Goggles protect your eyes when you are swimming. A golf ball is small, round and white. Golf clubs are the things that you hit a golf ball with. A helmet protects your head when you are skiing. In tennis you must hit the ball over the net. You should wear special running shoes to do athletics. A running vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves that you wear when you do athletics. How much does a pair of ski boots cost? Ski poles are the sticks you hold when you are skiing. Skis are the things you wear on your feet to go skiing. A swimming costume is a piece of clothing worn for swimming, especially by women. Men wear swimming trunks when they go swimming.

/ftbl buts/ /ftbl t/ /gglz/ /glf bl/ /helmt/ /net/

chaussures de football maillot de football lunettes de natation balle de golf club de golf casque filet chaussures de course/ jogging

/glf klb/

running shoes (n) /rn uz/

running vest (n) /rn vest/ maillot de sport ski boots (n pl) ski poles (n pl) skis (n pl)

/ski buts/ /skiz/

chaussures de ski btons de ski skis maillot de bain (une pice) slip (maillot) de bain

/ski plz/

swimming costume (n) /swm kstjum/ swimming trunks (n pl)

/swm trks/

28

tennis ball (n) tennis racket (n)

/tens bl/

balle de tennis raquette de tennis

Tennis balls are round and usually yellow. In tennis, you hit the ball using a tennis racket.

/tens rkt/

Sports people Sportifs

athlete (n) boxer (n) /bks/ boxeur footballer (n) /ftbl/ footballeur golfer (n) skier (n)

/lit/

athlte

You have to be very fit to be a professional athlete. A boxer is someone who wears thick gloves to fight in a ring. Beckham, Henry and Ronaldo are all professional footballers. Someone who plays the sport of golf is a golfer. You have to be very fit to be a professional skier. All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming pool. Roger Federer is the worlds best tennis player.

/glf/ /ski/

golfeur skieur

swimmer (n) /swm/ nageur tennis player (n)

/tens ple/

joueur de tennis

Sports places Sports lieux

athletics track (n) /letks trk/ piste dathltisme football pitch (n) /ftbl p/ terrain de football golf course (n) ski resort (n) Athletes run around an athletic track, which is circular in shape. A football pitch is the large rectangular area where people play football. Walking round a golf course is good exercise. Are there any famous ski resorts in your country? At Tinas school there was a sports field, tennis courts and a swimming pool. All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming pool. A tennis court is the large rectangular area where people play tennis.

/glf ks/

terrain de golf station de ski

sports field (n) (TS) /spts fild/ terrain de sport swimming pool (n) /swm pul/ piscine tennis court (n) /tens kt/ court de tennis

/ski rzt/

29

Unit 6 (p.48)
audio equipment (n) baggy (adj)

/di kwpmnt/ /bgi/

matriel/quipement audio Bensons is a company that produces audio equipment. ample, lche Baggy clothes do not fit your body tightly. Charlotte dreams of living in a bakery and eating cakes all day. The best thing about being self-employed is that you can go on holiday when you want. The dog gave Sally a nasty bite. The worst thing that happened to Sally was the dog that bit her. Does Charlotte want to be a model or a snowboarder? She wants to do both. If she breaks her leg snowboarding, she cant do modelling. Rob stood at the end of a conveyor belt, putting eggs into boxes. A crash helmet protects your head when you are doing a dangerous activity. A department store is a large store that sells many different types of things. When shes modelling, Charlotte wears beautiful designer clothes. The smell in the egg factory was disgusting! Working conditions in the egg-packing factory were terrible. Snowboarding is sometimes dangerous and I often fall. Cakes and chocolate are fattening food. A flight attendant doesnt have to pay for flights. Have you ever done fruit-picking in the summer? One of Robs jobs was handing out publicity flyers on the street.

bakery (n) /bekri/ ptisserie best (superl. adj) /best/ le meilleur bite (n) bite (v) /bat/ mordre both (pronoun) /b/ les deux break your leg /brek j leg/ se casser une jambe conveyor belt (n) /knve belt/ chane (travail la), bande transporteuse

/bat/

morsure

crash helmet (n) /kr helmt/ casque de protection department store (n) /dptmnt st/ grand magazin designer clothes (n pl) /dzan klz/ vtements de marque disgusting (adj) egg-packing factory (n) /egpk fktri/ usine demballage dufs fall (v) fattening (adj) flight (n) fruit-picking (n)

/dsgst/ /fl/

dgotant

tomber qui fait grossir vol la rcolte des fruits

/ftn/ /flat/ /frutpk/

hand out (phr v) /hnd at/ distribuer

30

jump (n) /mp/ saut model (v) /mdl/ prsenter, porter modelling (n) muscles (n pl) /mslz/ muscles nasty (adj) nightmare (adj)

For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be strong. She cant model the best skirts in Paris if she breaks her leg! Would you like a career in modelling? You need to be strong and have muscles to be a snowboarder. The dog gave Sally a nasty bite. For Rob, working in the egg factory was a nightmare job! A publicity flyer is a piece of paper with an advertisement on it. Actors hate reading bad reviews about themselves in the newspapers. Half the year shes a snowboarder, then she goes to Paris for a season to be a model. Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way. The smell in the egg factory was disgusting! You need to be strong and have muscles to be a snowboarder. Mia is a model but she wants to start studying again when shes 30. People who tell lies do not tell the truth. Half the year Charlotte is a top model in Europe. For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be strong. Now I have my own company so Im pleased with the way things have turned out. The reviewers wrote terrible things about me and I was so upset. Which job do you think is the most useful to society? Sally did various jobs when she was a student. The worst job Ive ever done is working as an au pair.

/mdl/ /nsti/

faire le mannequin

mauvais cauchemar

publicity flyer (n) /pblsti fla/ prospectus publicitaire review (n) /rvju/ critique season (n) /sizn/ saison slim (adj) smell (n)

/natme/

/slm/

svelte odeur

strong (adj) /str/ fort study (v) /stdi/ tudier tell lies top (adj)

/smel/

/tel laz/ /tp/

raconter des mensonges top

turn (n) /tn/ virage turn out (phr v) (TS) /tn at/ arriver, se trouver, sarranger

upset (adj) /pset/ boulevers useful (adj) various (adj) worst (superl. adj)

/jusfl/ /wst/

utile varis, diffrents pire

/veris/

31

Jobs Mtiers
actor (n) archaelogist (n) /kilst/ archologue au pair (n) ballet dancer (n) /ble dns/ danseur de ballet bodyguard (n) /bdigad/ garde du corps butcher (n) cleaner (n) (TS) /klin/

/kt/

acteur

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are both professional actors. I was really interested in ancient history and my dream was to become an archaeologist. Sally worked as an au pair for a rich family in New York. You have to be very fit and talented to be a professional ballet dancer. A bodyguard is someone who protects an important person from being attacked. A butcher is someone who sells meat. A cleaner is someone who cleans houses, offices or buildings for a living. Mark started working for his father and now hes a company director. A cook has to have very clean hands. A club DJ can get up late in the morning. A surgeon is a doctor who does operations. Mark didnt work hard at school so couldnt become an engineer. Rob was a factory worker in an egg-packing factory. When Frank was five he wanted to be a farmer or a vet because he loves animals. A flight attendant looks after passengers on a plane. Managing directors run large companies. When she was 16 Mia had the chance to earn a lot of money as a model. Some nurses dont get a decent salary. A personal trainer writes exercise programmes for people. Elsies a photographer who takes photographs of rock stars and bands. A pilot is the person who flies a plane.

/ pe/

au pair

/b/

boucher f., h. de mnage, agent de nettoyage

company director (n) /kmp()ni drekt/ directeur de socit cook (n) DJ (n) doctor (n)

/kk/

cuisinier DJ docteur

/die/ /dkt/

engineer (n) /enn/ ingnieur factory worker (n) farmer (n) /fam/ fermier flight attendant (n) managing director (n)

/fktri wk/

ouvrier dusine

/flat tendnt/

htesse de lair, steward directeur gnral

model (n) /mdl/ mannequin nurse (n) personal trainer (n) /psnl tren/ coach personnel photographer (n) (TS) /ftgrf/ photographe pilot (n)

/mn drekt/ /ns/

infirmire

/palt/

pilote

32

police officer (n)

receptionist (n) /rsepnst/ rceptionniste sales assistant (n) /selz sstnt/ vendeur snowboarder (n) /snbd/ snowboardeur soldier (n) surgeon (n) teacher (n) telesales person (n)

/plis fs/

policier

Do you agree that police officers are badly paid? I spoke to the receptionist and made an appointment to have my hair cut. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a department store. Charlotte has two jobs shes a model and a snowboarder. Lots of boys want to be soldiers when theyre young. A surgeon is a doctor who does operations. Frank is a teacher and he loves it! A telesales person sells things on the phone. Tourist guides take tourists around cities or other famous places. A vet looks after animals who are ill. Sally managed to get a job as a waiter in an Italian restaurant.

/sl/ /sn/ /ti/

soldat chirurgien professeur tlvendeur

tour(ist) guide (n) /tr(st) gad/ guide, guide-interprte vet (n) waiter (n) /wet/ serveur

/teliselz psn/ /vet/

vtrinaire

Time Expressions Locutions du temps

a few moments ago / fju mmnts g/ il y a qq. instants in 1998/2005 I was speaking to Rob on the phone a few moments ago. He went to university in 2004. Last summer I did fruit-picking in Greece. Ive done lots of part-time jobs over the years. What have you been doing recently? Im ill I havent been to work this week. We went on a trip to EuroDisney today. When I was a student, I wanted to be a snowboarder. Years ago Mark wanted to be a soldier. What did you do yesterday?

last week/summer etc /lst wik/sm/ over the years recently (adv)

/n nantin nanti et/ tu aznd n fav/ /v jz/ /risntli/ /tde/

en 1998/2005 la semaine dernire/ lt dernier au cours des annes rcemment cette semaine/ ce mois-ci aujourdhui il y a des annes hier

this week/month etc /s wik/mn/ today (adv) When I was a (student) years ago yesterday (adv)

/wen a wz (stjudnt) / Quand jtais (tudiant) /jz g/ /jestde/

33

Work Travail
accounts department (n) /kants dptmnt/ service comptable advertisement (n) /dvtsmnt/ publicit advertising (n) apply for (a job) (phr v) pla f The accounts department is the place where a company keeps records of the money it receives and spends. I saw your advertisement for a sales assistant and would like to apply. Advertising is the business of making advertisements. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a department store. When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for permission. I would be available for an interview at any time, even at short notice. A lot of people think teachers and nurses are badly paid. Jack works as a bodyguard and hes based in London. You look tired you should have a break. Im bored at home and feel Im ready for a new challenge.

/dvtaz/

faire de la publicit poser sa candidature pour (un travail)

ask for permission /sk f pmn/ demander la permission available (adj) /velbl/ disponible badly-paid (adj) be based at/in have a break

/bdliped/

mal pay tre bas /dans faire une pause

/bi best t/n/ /hv brek/

challenge (n) /ln/ dfi, challenge

charge (35 per hour) (v) (TS) // demander (15 de lheure) Kate earns a reasonably good salary she charges 35 per hour. client (n) (TS) company (n) have a day off department (n) details (n pl) earn (v) employ (v) (TS) employee (n)

/klant/

client socit avoir un jour de cong service informations, dtails gagner employer employ

Your clients are the people who you do work for. Mark has his own company hes a company director. I never had a day off when I was an au pair! Elsie runs the photography department. Please see my Curriculum Vitae for more details. In which job can you earn the most money? We employ a staff of 105. Arthur is our oldest employee at 87. Please see my Curriculum Vitae, enclosed, for more details. Edna is an experienced shop assistant who has worked in different departments. My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel.

/kmp()ni/

/hv de f/ /dptmnt/ /ditelz/ /n/ /mpl/

enclosed (adj) /nklzd/ ci-joint experienced (adj) /ksprinst/ expriment foreign travel (n)

/mpli; empli/

/frn trvl/

voyage ltranger

34

go to the toilet /g t tlt/ aller aux toilettes head office (n) /hed fs/ sige social import and export (n) /mpt n ekspt/ import-export involve (v) look for a job in

When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for permission. Head office is the main office of a company where most of the staff work. Someone who works in import and export deals with other countries buying and selling goods. My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel. Matt is unemployed but looking for a job in publishing.

/nvlv/

comporter, impliquer chercher un emploi dans

look forward to (phr v) /lk fwd tu/ se rjouir davance de (qch.) I look forward to hearing from you is a good way of ending a letter when you apply for a job. make a living marketing (n) /mkt/ marketing outdoors (adv) paid holiday (n) /ped hlde/ congs pays part-time (adj) /pttam/ temps partiel position (n) publishing (n)

/lk fr b/ /mek lv/ /atdz/

gagner sa vie

It can be hard to make a living as an actor. People who work in marketing decide how to sell their products by deciding on price, type of customer etc. Farmers work outdoors a lot of the time. Mr Reynolds employees get four weeks paid holiday a year. I need to work 5 days a week I dont want a part-time job. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant. Publishing is the business of selling books and magazines. Someone who works in quality control must make sure that things are of a good enough quality to sell. She decided to resign when she got married. Sarah is a receptionist and shes responsible for appointments and accounts. We never force anybody to retire here. Retirement age in the UK is 60 for women and 65 for men. Mr Reynolds son is going to run the business from next year. Our staff are happy because we pay them a decent salary. Layla is responsible for sales and promotion at a company called Bensons.

lextrieur

/pzn/

poste dition

quality control (n) /kwlti kntrl/ contrle de la qualit resign (v) be responsible for /bi rspnsbl f/ tre en charge de retire (v) retirement age (n) /rtamnt e/ ge de la retraite run a business/department salary (n)

/pbl/ /rzan/

dmissionner

/rta/

prendre sa retraite

/rn bzns/ dptmnt/ /slri/

diriger une affaire/ un service salaire

sales and promotion (n) /selz n prmn/ les soldes et la promotion

35

self-employed (adj) (TS)

at short notice /t t nts/ court dlai stressful (adj) take over (phr v) (TS) tourism (n) training (n) unemployed (adj) useful (adj)

/selfmpld/ /stresfl/

travailleur indpendant

Someone who is self-employed works for themselves. If you do something at short notice, you do it without having much time to prepare or think about it. Nurses work long hours and the job can be very stressful. My sons going to take over the business next year. Tourism is the business of selling holidays to people. Vets and doctors have to do a long training. Someone who is unemployed does not have a job. Nurses, teachers and police officers all do very useful jobs. Ive wanted to be a surgeon since I was a child its my vocation. Top football players are very well paid. Working from home can be lonely. Half of the workers at Mr Reynolds store are over retirement age. Good working conditions are important in any job.

stressant reprendre tourisme formation sans travail, au chomge utile

/tek v/ /tren/ /jusfl/

/trz()m/ /nmpld/

vocation (n) (TS) /vken/ vocation well-paid (adj) work from home

/welped/

bien pay travail domicile

worker (n) (TS) /wk/ travailleur working conditions (n pl)

/wk frm hm/

/wk kndnz/

conditions de travail

Review B (p.56)
advice (n) /dvas/ conseil ambitious (adj) but (conj) If youre not sure what to do, you can always ask for advice. Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed. Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed. Helena and Kate have become much closer in the last five years. Tom and I are very different. In fact were complete opposites. She earns a lot of money and drives a beautiful car. I cant afford to work part time I need a full-time job. A handsome man is very good-looking.

/mbs/ /bt/

ambitieux mais

close (adj) /kls/ proche be complete opposites (TS) /bi kmplit pzts/ drive (v) full-time (adj) handsome (adj) tre tout fait diffrents conduire plein temps beau

/drav/

/fltam/

/hnsm/

36

however (conj) /haev/ cependant, toutefois kindness (n) /kandns/ gentillesse lend (v) listener (n) /lsn/ personne qui sait couter look after (phr v) /lk ft/ soccuper de on the other hand /n i hnd/ dun autre ct pay rise (n) researcher (n) save money sensitive (adj)

In many ways we are similar. However there are some differences. The best thing about Helena is her kindness she always buys beautiful presents for everyone. Could you lend me your mobile? Kates a great listener. If I have a problem, I can always talk to her. Helena had to look after Kate because she was her older sister. David talks too much about fashion. On the other hand hes the kindest person I know. Nurses dont earn a lot they should get a pay rise. Kate works for a TV company as a researcher. Shes trying to save money by not buying new clothes. Sensitive people often cry a lot. She isnt interested in looking smart she usually wears jeans and a T-shirt. Helena is the director of a small but successful company. Turn off your mobiles before going into the exam room. David wants to work as an engineer whereas I want to be an architect.

/lend/

prter

/pe raz/

augmentation de salaire chercheur faire des conomies sensible

/rs; ris/ /sev mni/ /senstv/ /sksesfl/ /tn f/

smart (adj) /smt/ distingu successful (adj) turn off (phr v) qui a du succs teindre

whereas (conj) /werz/ tandis que

Unit 7 (p.60)
accommodation (n) (TS) arrest (v)

/kmden/ /rest/

hbergement arrter

Helens accommodation will be with the Odoi family. Police arrested five people. Dont you want to stay in a hotel? No, I want to have an authentic experience. A small group of people broke away from the peaceful demonstrators. Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing with activity.

authentic (adj) (TS) /entk/ authentique break away (from) (phr v) /brek we/ se dtacher (de) be buzzing with activity /bi bz w ktvti/ tre bourdonnant dactivit

37

cause (v) (TS) /kz/ provoquer, causer construct (v) coordinator (n) (TS) /kdnet/ coordinateur culture (n) (TS) deliver a letter /dlvr let/ remettre une lettre duty (n) embassy (n) /embsi/ ambassade event (n) /vent/ vnement everybody (pron) /evribdi/ chacun experience (v) (TS) /ksprins/ family-run (adj) /fmlirn/ rencontrer, tre confront qch.

Do you agree that multinational companies are causing global warming? Volunteers help to construct houses, bridges and roads. The volunteers coordinator, Bob White, is meeting Helen when she arrives. You really experience the local culture with Eco Holidays. A group of protesters delivered a letter to the Prime Minister. Volunteers do a lot of different duties. Protesters marched from the US embassy to Trafalgar Square. The Climate change march was a big event 20,000 people took part. In the survey, everybody had used plastic bags for their shopping. You really experience the local culture with Eco Holidays.

/knstrkt/ /kl/ /djuti/

construire

culture

devoir

gestion/exploitation Im in favour of small family-run companies. familiale I support local farmers and buy food from farmers markets. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid for over fifty years. Helen wants to help people in developing countries who are less fortunate. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. If you go through something again, you explain it again. Its my first demonstration and Im having fun with my friends. Im against food imports and support local farmers. Eco Holidays will send you information about their holidays. A large number of people have drunk bottled water in the past two weeks.

farmers market (n) (TS) /fmz mkt/ march paysan fight (against) (v) /fat (genst) / se battre (contre) fortunate (adj) (TS) /fnt/ chanceux, fortune gain (v) go through (phr v) (TS)

/gen/

gagner examiner en dtails

have fun (TS) /hv fn/ samuser imports (n pl) (TS) information (n) (TS) /nfmen/ informations a large/small number of

/g ru/ /mpts/

importations

/ l/sml nmbr v/

un petit/grand nombre de

38

a long way (TS)

make your way to /mek j we tu/ se diriger, aller vers A group of protesters on bicycles made their way to 10 Downing Street. most people /mst pipl/ la plupart des gens nobody (pron) /nbdi/ personne ocean (n) (TS) only a few people /nli fju pipl/ organisation (n)

/ l we/

loin

Im worried, Helen. Ghanas a long way from here.

In the survey most people had bought a hamburger in a plastic container. The survey found that nobody had paid more for environmentally-friendly products. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans.

/n/

ocan

seulement quelques Only a few people have picked up litter. personnes organisation I work for an organisation called Eco Holidays. The event was organised by the Campaign Against Global Warming. An orphanage is a place for children without parents. Were against big hotels and package holidays.

organise (v) /gnaz/ organiser orphanage (n) package holiday (TS)

/gnazen/ /f()n/

orphelinat vacances organises

participate (v) /ptspet/

/pk hlde/

participer, prendre 20,000 people participated in the march. part Im in favour of protecting wild animals like polar bears and penguins. Whos picking you up at the airport? Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers. The day started with speeches and poetry readings. A polar bear is a large white bear that lives in cold regions. Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. Some protesters tried to set fire to a supermarket. Several people or things is a number that is more than one or two, but not many. Sick animals are animals that are ill or injured. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. If you smash something that is made of glass, you break it.

penguin (n) (TS) /pegwn/ pingouin pick sb up (phr v) (TS) piper (n) poetry reading (n)

/pk smbdi p/ /pap/ /ptri rid/

prendre qn (en voiture..) joueur de cornemuse lectures de posie

polar bear (n) (TS) /pl be/ ours polaire provided by river (n) (TS) self-confidence (n) set fire to sth

/prvadd ba/ /rv/ /selfknfdns/

fourni par rivire confiance en soi mettre le feu qch.

several (pron) /sevrl/ plusieurs sick (adj) skill (n) smash (v)

/set fa t sm/ /sk/

malade comptence briser

/sm/

/skl/

39

start off (phr v)

be swarming with people /bi swm w pipl/

/stt f/

dmarrer tre grouillant de monde

The day started off early outside the US embassy. Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing with activity. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations. When a clock ticks, it makes a small noise. Change your life and do something important. Become a volunteer. Write down their name and address for me.

take part in sth /tek pt n sm/ prendre part qch. tick (v) volunteer (n) /vlnt/ volontaire, bnvole write down (phr v) (TS)

/tk/

faire tic-tac

/rat dan/

inscrire

Climate change Changement climatique

campaign (n) /kmpen/ campagne carry banners demand urgent action /dmnd nt kn/ The event was organised by the Campaign Against Global Warming. Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans. They delivered a letter demanding urgent action on climate change. The people from Eco Holidays are demonstrating against mass tourism. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations. A small group of people separated from the peaceful demonstrators. Matt thinks that the company is destroying the planet. A lot of people think that air travel is responsible for global warming. If the ice caps melt, where will penguins and polar bears live? Protesters marched slowly to Trafalgar Square. When ice caps melt, they disappear because the atmosphere is too warm. A small group of people separated from the peaceful demonstrators.

/kri bnz/

porter des bannires demander une action urgente

demonstrate (against) (TS) /demnstret/ manifester (contre) demonstration (n) /demnstren/ manifestation demonstrator (n) /demnstret/ manifestant destroy (v) global warming (n) /glbl wm/

/dstr/

dtruire rchauffement de la plante

ice cap (n) (TS) /as kp/ banquise march (v) melt (v) (TS) /melt/ fonder peaceful (adj) /pisfl/ calme, pacifique peacefully (adv) /pisf()li/

/m/

dfiler

calmement, Most of the protesters marched peacefully. pacifiquement

40

protest (against) (v) /prtest/ protester (contre) protest march (n) /prtest m/ dfil/marche de protestation

Thirty-six million people protested against the Iraq war in 2003. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations. A group of protesters on bicycles delivered a letter to the Prime Minister. Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans. The day started with speeches and poetry readings. World leaders met for climate change talks. The letter demanded urgent action on climate change. World leaders are very important politicians in big countries.

protestor (n) /prtest/ contestataire shout slogans speech (n) talks (n pl) urgent action (n)

/at slgnz/ /spi/ /tks/

crier des slogans discours confrences action urgente

world leaders (n pl) /wld lidz/ grands chefs dEtat

/nt kn/

Environment Environnement
atmosphere (n) /tmsf/ atmosphre bottle bank (n) /btl bk/ cycle to school/work /sakl t skul/wk/ containeur de recyclage des bouteilles aller lcole/au travail en vlo Matt thinks that Regal Chemicals is polluting the atmosphere. A bottle bank is a place where people can take empty bottles for recycling. Cycling to work is better for the environment than driving a car. If you drink bottled water, you should recycle the bottles. Would you pay more for environmentally-friendly products? The slow increase in the temperature of the Earth is called global warming. The aim of the survey was to find out how green the people of Greensville are. Mass-produced, cheap clothes cannot be recycled. Mass tourism can be bad for the local culture. Do you agree that multinational companies are causing global warming? Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming.

drink bottled water /drk btld wt/ boire de leau en bouteille environmentally-friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/ global warming (n) /glbl wm/ respectueux de lenvironnement rchauffement de la plante

green (adj) /grin/ cologique mass-produced (adj) mass tourism (n) (TS)

/ms prdjust/

produit en masse tourisme de masse

multinational company (n) (TS) /mltinn()l socit multinationale kmp()ni/ organic farming/vegetables (n)

/ms trz()m/

/gnk fm/ vetblz/

agriculture bio/ lgumes bio

41

pick up litter /pk p lt/ ramasser les dchets plant trees plastic bag (n) /plstk bg/ sac en plastique plastic container (n) /plstk knten/ emballage en plastique pollute (v) (TS) public transport (n) recycle bottles

If you pick up litter, you pick up paper, bottles etc that people have left on the ground in a public place. Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming. Using plastic bags for your shopping is bad for the environment. The plastic containers for hamburgers are also bad for the environment. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans. Using public transport is better for the environment. Do you recycle bottles? Renewable energy can be replaced by natural processes and is never used up. Travelling by air is bad for the environment. Im in favour of protecting wild animals such as polar bears and penguins.

/plnt triz/

planter des arbres

/plut/

polluer transports publics recycler les bouteilles

/pblk trnspt/ /risakl bt()lz/ /trvl ba e/

renewable energy (n) /rnjubl eni/ nergie renouvelable travel by air voyager en avion wild animal (n) (TS) /wald nml/ animal sauvage

Opinions Opinions
Im against Im not anti-cars/tourism etc

/am genst/

Je suis contre Je ne suis pas anti- voitures/tourisme etc

Im against food imports and support local farmers. Im not anti-cars -- I have a car but I think people should use public transport more. Im not against tourism but I believe in responsible tourism. I dont really care about people they can look after themselves. Im in favour of small family-run companies. I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried about global warming. I support local farmers and buy food from farmers markets. I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried about global warming.

I believe in /a bliv n/ Je crois en I dont really care about Im in favour of

/am nt nti kz/ trz()m/ /a dnt rli ker bat/ /am n fevr v/

Je ne mintresse pas du tout Je suis pour Je ne mintresse pas trop pour

I dont feel strongly about /a dnt fil strli bat/

I support /a spt/ Je soutiens Im worried about /am wrd bat/ Je minquite au sujet de

42

On the Phone Au tlphone

Could I speak to ? Whos speaking? Hold on a moment, please.

/kd a spik tu/ /huz spik/

Pourrais-je parler ? Qui parle?

Could I speak to the Managing Director, please? Whos speaking? My names Matt Walker. Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through.

Ill try to put you through. /al tra t pt ju ru/

/hld n mmnt pliz/ Restez en ligne, svp.

Je vais essayer de Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through. vous passer (votre correspondant) Je crains quelle ne soit pas l. Dsirez-vous laisser un message ? Hello. Im afraid Mr Carr is out at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? Yes, please.

Im afraid hes/shes out. /am fred hiz/iz at/ Would you like to leave a message?

/wd ju lak t liv mes/

Unit 8 (p.68)
Absolutely. /bslutli/ Absolument afterwards (adv) avoid (v) become (v) blood-red (adj) I think children need their mothers at home. Absolutely. My father left school early and regretted it afterwards. Avoid talking about subjects such as politics and religion. Its very expensive to become a geisha. Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips. A trainee geisha has to leave her family and move into a special boarding house. If youre unemployed, tell them about your plans for a brilliant career. You should give Mum a quick kiss on the cheek. If you make a comment about something, you criticise it. Life was less complicated in my day. More and more people are training to be computer programmers. Avoid controversial topics of conversation.

/ftwdz/ /vd/ /bkm/

ensuite, aprs viter obtenir rouge sang

boarding house (n) /bd has/ internat brilliant (adj) /brljnt/ brillant, prodigieux cheek (n) comment (n) complicated (adj) (TS)

/bldred/

/ik/

joue commentaire compliqu programmeur informaticien controversial, sujet polmiques

/kment/

computer programmer (n) /kmpjut prgrm/ controversial (adj) /kntrvl/

/kmplketd/

43

cook (v)

couple (n) /kpl/ couple customer (n) date (n) definitely (adv) describe (v) develop photographs disturb (v) do well the elderly (n pl) engineering (n) enjoy (v) entertain (v)

/kk/

cuisiner

You should cook for your boyfriend. Do you think couples should live together before they get married? A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. You should arrive on time for dates with your girlfriend. Were definitely not in a hurry to get married. We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does. Miss Lewis taught us to develop our own photographs. We couldnt disturb him because he was tired. Tonys father wanted him to do well at school. The elderly is an expression meaning old people. Andy went to university and studied engineering. Do you enjoy your life as a geisha? I love it. A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. We didnt have a TV so we had to make our own entertainment. You should pay when you go out. Women want to be equal, but not that equal! Both Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by geisha. Fasten your seatbelt, grandad. Its fine to wear jeans and a T-shirt most of the time, but not when you meet the parents. Greet Dad with a firm handshake. Flower arranging is a traditional Japanese art. Foreigners are people who come from other countries. Scott thinks colleges and universities should be free for everybody. When Scott was at school, he had a lot of freedom. We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does. A generation is a group of people who are born and live at about the same time.

/kstm/ /det/ /def()ntli/ /dskrab/ /dvelp/ /dstb/

client rendez-vous dfinitivement dcrire dvelopper des photos dranger bien travailler le troisime ge ingnieurie prendre plaisir qch. distraire, divertir

/du wel/

/i eldli/ /n/

/ennr/ /entten/

entertainment (n) /enttenmnt/ divertissement equal (adj) /ikwl/ gal fascinated (adj) fasten (v) (TS)

/fsnetd/ /fsn/ /fm/

fascin boucler

Its fine to /ts fan tu/ Cest bien de firm (adj) flower arranging (n) foreigner (n) ferme art du bouquet tranger

free (adj) /fri/ gratuit freedom (n) geisha (n)

/frn/

/fla ren/

/fridm/ /ge/

libert geisha

generation (n) /enren/ gnration

44

greet (v) /grit/ saluer grow up (phr v) handshake (n)

When you greet someone, you say hello to them or shake their hand. When I was growing up, my father was always at work. Greet Dad with a firm handshake. Its a hard life for a trainee geisha she has to leave her family and live in a boarding house. I love being a geisha but its hard work. Find out if you have anything in common with the parents before you meet them. I have a good relationship with my dad I dont have to hide anything from him. Sometimes I want to wear jeans and go to high school like a normal teenager. Dont tell lies. You should be honest about what you do. I thought you drove a horse and cart in your day. Hmm, very funny! Dont give him a salad if hes hungry. Were definitely not in a hurry to get married. Life was less complicated in my day. You have to fasten your seatbelt in the back. Geishas have to learn to play instruments. Im a sort of interior design consultant. He works in a furniture shop. Women hate it when you keep them waiting. A kimono costs three million yen, thats about $30,000. Give Mum a kiss on the cheek. Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts. Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips. I have to work to pay for any luxuries I want. A geisha has to sing, dance and make conversation. Make an effort to dress smartly when you meet the parents.

/gr p/

grandir poigne de main

Its a hard life /ts hd laf/ Cest une vie dure be hard work have sth in common (with sb) /hv sm n kmn/

/hndek/

/bi hd wk/

tre dur, fatiguant avoir qch. en commun (avec qn)

hide (v) /had/ cacher high school (n) /ha skul/ collge, lyce honest (adj) a horse and cart (n) (TS) / hs n kt/ rouler carosse hungry (adj) be in a hurry in my day (TS) in the back (TS) instrument (n)

/nst/

honnte

/hgri/

(avoir) faim tre press de mes jours dans le dos instrument (de musique)

/bi n hri/ /n ma de/ /n bk/ /nstrmnt/

interior design (n) (TS) /ntri dzan/ dcoration int. keep sb waiting kimono (n) kiss (n) learn (v) lips (n pl) luxury (n) make conversation

/kip smbdi wet/ /kmn/ /ks/ /ln/

faire attendre qn kimono embrasser apprendre lvres luxe faire la conversation

/lps/

/lkri/

make an effort /mek n eft/ faire un effort

/mek knvsen/

45

make a good impression marriage (n)

/mek gd mpren/ /mr/

faire bonne impression mariage

Its important to make a good first impression. Attitudes to marriage have changed over the years. You must study medicine for seven years before becoming a doctor. Scotts grandfather was proud to do military service. I had a beautiful motorbike a Triumph. We couldnt drive fast because there werent any motorways. Geishas are beautiful and mysterious women. My father was very strict and we had to obey him. Can you have a family later? Of course, I can get married when I choose. You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All these rules and regulations. Dont go to the opposite extreme and wear your job interview clothes. Ill get the photo albums and we can look at some photos. University students play an important role in the future of the country. Dont talk about politics or religion. We got married when Louise found out she was pregnant. Be prepared to answer questions. Geishas play an important role in preserving Japanese culture and history. Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis would be proud of me! We had to meet girlfriends in public places. I left school early and regretted it. Scott and his father have a close relationship. Avoid subjects such as politics and religion. Do some research and find out information about the parents before you meet them.

medicine (n) /medsn/ mdecine military service (n) motorbike (n) (TS)

/mlt()ri svs/ /mtbak/ /mstris/ /be /

service militaire moto

motorway (n) (TS) /mtwe/ autoroute mysterious (adj) obey (v) mystrieux obir

of course /v ks/ bien sr Oh dear! (TS) / d/ Hls ! go to the opposite extreme /g t i pzt kstrim/ agir lextrme oppos photo album (n) (TS) /ft lbm/ album de photos play a role /ple rl/ jouer un rle politics (n) pregnant (adj) Be prepared to

/pltks/

politique enceinte tre prpar ..

/pregnnt/

preserve (v) /przv/ conserver, prserver be proud of sb (TS) /bi prad v smbdi/ tre fier de qn public place (n) regret (v) relationship (n) religion (n)

/bi prped tu/

/pblk plesz/ /rgret/ /rlenp/

endroit public regretter relation religion

research (n) /rs; ris/ recherche

/rl()n/

46

rules and regulations (n pl) (TS) /rulz n regjlenz/ seatbelt (n) serve (v)

les rgles et les rglements ceinture de scurit server

You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All these rules and regulations. Fasten your seatbelt, grandad. A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. You probably dont share the same opinions so dont talk about politics or religion. My father was very strict and we had to obey him. Come in and take a seat. If you take care of someone, you look after them. You probably dont share the same opinions and tastes as the parents. The tea ceremony is a Japanese custom that involves serving tea. Tell the truth you should be honest about what you do. Avoid topics of conversation such as politics or religion. Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts. Its a hard life for a trainee geisha. Her lessons were interesting and varied. You may be good-looking and well-dressed but you have to make her laugh as well. He was very strict we had to obey him without question.

/sitbelt/ /sv/

share (v) /e/ partager strict (adj) Take a seat. (TS) take care of

/strkt/

svre Prendre place, sasseoir prendre soin de

/tek sit/

taste (n) /test/ got tea ceremony (n) /ti sermni/ crmonie du th tell the truth topic of conversation (n) traditional (adj) trainee (adj) varied (adj)

/tek ker v/

/tel tru/ /trdn()l/ /treni/ /verd/

dire la vrit sujet de conversation traditionnel lve, en formation vari

/tpk v knvsen/

well-dressed (adj) /weldrest/ bien habill without question

/wat kwes()n/

sans poser de questions

Education and Training Education et formation

academic (adj) (TS) apply for a place /pla fr ples/ poser sa candidature competition (n) (TS) /kmptn/ concours course (n) degree (n)

/kdemk/

scolaire

I wasnt very academic at school, but I loved art. At 17 or 18 many students apply for a place at university. Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis would be proud of me! Students get a degree when they finish the course. Students get a degree when they finish the course. If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take them again.

/ks/

cours (anne de cours) diplme

end-of-year exam (n) /endvj gzm/ examen de fin danne

/dgri/

47

entrance exam (n) /entrns gzm/ examen dadmission fail (an exam) (v) finals (n pl)

You have to pass an entrance exam if you want to go to university. Did you pass your exam or fail? Final year exams are often called finals. A gap year is a year between school and university when students often go abroad. When Tony was eighteen, he got a place at university. It costs a lot of money to go to university. Art was Andys favourite subject he was good at it. My parents didnt support me financially because I got a grant. Tony had to do his homework every night after school. Gordon left school early and regretted it afterwards. She was a really good teacher her lessons were interesting and varied. Most children go to nursery school between the ages of 3 and 5. Students get a degree when they pass the final exams. Children start primary school at the age of 5. It takes seven years before you qualify as a doctor. Children start secondary school at the age of 11. Scotts parents pay for his college studies. Whats your favourite subject at school? My parents didnt support me financially because I got a grant. If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take them again. What job would you like to train for? A vocational course is one such as secretarial studies or car maintenance that trains you directly for a job.

/fel (n gzm) / /fanlz/

rater (un examen) preuves finales

gap year (n) /gp j/ anne sabbatique get a place at (university) /get ples/ go to university be good at sth obtenir une place (luniversit) aller luniversit tre bon en qch

/g t junvsti/ /bi gd t sm/ /hmwk/

grant (n) /grnt/ bourse homework (n) leave school/university devoirs arrter lcole/ luniversit

lesson (n) /lesn/ cours (leon) nursery school (n) /ns()ri skul/ cole maternelle pass (a test/exam) (v) primary school (n) qualify (v) secondary school (n) studies (n pl) subject (n) support sb financially

/liv skul/junvsti/

/ps ( test/gzm) / /pramri skul/ /kwlfa/ /stdiz/

russir (preuve/examen) cole primaire tre diplm collge, lyce tudes matire

/seknd()ri skul/ /sbekt/

take a test/exam /tek test/gzm/ train (v) vocational course (n) /vken()l ks/

/spt smbdi aider qn financirement fann()li/

re -passer/-faire une preuve/un examen se former enseignement professionnel

/tren/

48

Unit 9 (p.76)
ability (n) addictive (adj) /dktv/

/blti/

capacit addictif, qui cre une dpendance

Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. Coffee can be addictive argument. On some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when they smile. A true smile involves the muscles around the eyes. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. Someone who is sensitive cares about other peoples feelings. Sensitive people dont usually like being the centre of attention in a crowd. Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. When you have a cold, your nose is blocked and you cough. A true smile involves the muscles at the corners of the mouth. The cost of living is cheap in Thailand. Do you like doing long walks in the country? Shy people do not feel confident in a crowd. When people smile, wrinkles appear around the edge of their eyes. A listener will smile to encourage the speaker. The genuine smile of enjoyment makes us feel good, and other people too. A true smile is extremely hard to fake. Fake is the opposite of true. Its very difficult to fake a true smile. How long have you been here, Jeff? For about six months.

appear (v) /p/ apparatre around (prep) authority (n)

/rand/

autour de autorit se soucier (de), faire attention ()

care (about) (v) /ker (bat) /

/rti/

the centre of attention / sentr v tenn/ le centre dattention certain (adj) a cold (n) / kld/ un rhume at the corners of /t knz v/ aux coins de the cost of living (n) the country (n) crowd (n)

/stn/

sr

/ kst v lv/ / kntri/ /krad/

le cot de la vie la campagne foule

the edge of /i e v/ le bord encourage (v) enjoyment (n) /nmnt/ plaisir, joie extremely (adv) fake (adj) fake (v)

/nkr/

encourager

/kstrimli/ /fek/ /fek/

extrmement faux simuler

for (prep) /weak f; strong f/ il y a, voil

49

genuine (adj) go up (phr v)

/enjun/ /g p/

vritable se lever

Genuine means the same as true. When people smile their eyebrows go up. When two people have a conversation, they talk to each other. When you have a tooth out, the dentist removes it. A honeymoon is a holiday that two people have after they get married. If your aunt gives you a horrible birthday present, you might give a polite smile. An inspiring place makes you feel happy and excited. Optimists can sometimes be irritating. A joker is someone with a good sense of humour who likes doing or saying funny things. The jungles in the north of Thailand are perfect for elephant trekking. Ive got a cold. Dont worry it wont kill you. A laid-back lifestyle is calm and relaxed. Your lifestyle is the type of life you lead. When you lock a door, you close it using a key.

have a conversation /hv knvsen/ avoir une conversation have a tooth out honeymoon (n) (TS) /hnimun/ lune de miel horrible (adj) /hrbl/ horrible inspiring (adj) (TS) irritating (adj)

/hv tu at/

se faire arracher une dent

/nspar/ /rtet/

inspiratoire nervant

joker (n) /k/ blagueur jungle (n) /gl/ jungle kill (v) laid-back (adj) (TS) lifestyle (n) lock (v)

/kl/

tuer retir style de vie fermer cl

/ledbk/ /lafstal/ /lk/

make sb feel good /mek smbdi fil gd/ miserable (adj)

faire que qn se A true smile makes you and other people feel good. sente bien malheureux Miserable means very sad or unhappy. What do you miss about home? Not the weather or food, but I miss my family and friends. Mouth-watering food smells or tastes good. What does Jeff like about Thailand, apart from the obvious things like weather, food and lifestyle? An optimist sees the positive side of life. A pessimist sees the negative side of life. A polite smile is the sort of smile you give when someone gives you a horrible birthday present. Im going to propose to Dawn I hope she says yes.

miss (v) (TS) /ms/ manquer mouth-watering (adj) /mawtr/ qui met leau la bouche

/mz()rbl/

obvious (adj) (TS) /bvis/ vident optimist (n) pessimist (n)

/ptmst/

optimiste pessimiste

polite (adj) /plat/ poli propose (v)

/pesmst/ /prpz/

demander la main

50

raised (adj) /rezd/ relev realist (n) rebel (n)

Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a true smile. A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. Hans has rented a house in Thailand because he wants to write a novel. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. The Rayavadee Hotel is wonderful they put rose petals in our bath! Someone who has a good sense of humour can laugh at things and tell jokes. An optimist sees the positive side of life; a pessimist sees the negative side of life. Becky and Jeff have been running a bar on the beach since 2004. Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake smiles. According to research, we smile for many different reasons. Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake smiles. A listener will smile to encourage the speaker. I hope to start up my own company soon. Tourists stayed away for a long time after the tsunami. People who are sure of themselves are often bossy and ambitious. Fake smiles are easy to do you just have to tighten the muscles in your cheeks. A toothy smile is one in which you show your teeth. A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life. Someone who is easygoing is calm and is not easy to upset. A place that is vibrant is lively and interesting.

/rlst/ /rebl/

raliste rebelle

rent (v) (TS) /rent/ louer respect (n) rose petals (n pl) (TS) /rz petlz/ ptales de rose sense of humour (n) /sens v hjum/ sens de lhumour the positive/negative side of life

/rspekt/

respect

since (prep) /sns/ depuis smile (n) /smal/ sourire (n) smile (v) /smal/ sourire (v) social smile (n) /sl smal/ sourire de politesse speaker (n) start up (phr v) (TS) stay away (phr v) (TS)

/ pztv/negtv sad v laf/

le ct positif/ngatif de la vie

/spik/

personne qui parle dmarrer ne pas venir

/stt p/

be sure of yourself /bi v jself/ tre sr de soi tighten (v) /tatn/ serrer toothy (adj) ups and downs (n pl)

/ste we/

/tui/

de toutes ses dents hauts et bas

upset (v) /pset/ dstabiliser vibrant (adj)

/ps n danz/ /vabrnt/

trpidant

51

waste time

whatever (pron) (TS) /wtev/

/west tam/

perdre son temps quoi que ce soit, nimporte quoi

I never waste time worrying about the future. Shall we go to the cinema? Yeah, whatever. I dont really mind. A wide, toothy smile shows that a person is easygoing and friendly. Wrinkles are small lines that appear in the skin on your face.

wide (adj) /wad/ large wrinkle (n) /rkl/ ride

Adjectives to describe character Adjectifs pour dcrire le caractre

ambitious (adj) bossy (adj) calm (adj)

/mbs/ /bsi/ /km/

ambitieux autoritaire calme

Someone who is ambitious wants to be successful. Someone who is bossy likes telling other people what to do. Someone who is calm is relaxed and not easy to upset. Someone who is cheeky has a good sense of humour but no respect for authority. Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. Someone who is easygoing is relaxed and calm. A friendly person enjoys being with other people. Hardworking, ambitious people work hard to get what they want. A loyal friend continues to support you in difficult times. Shy people are nervous in the company of other people. A relaxed person is calm and does not worry a lot about things. Sensitive people care about other peoples feelings. Shy people can also be loyal, sensitive friends. Sociable people are friendly and enjoy being with other people. If you have a warm personality, you are friendly and sociable. The people in Thailand are warm and welcoming.

cheeky (adj) /iki/ effront, dlur confident (adj) easygoing (adj) friendly (adj)

/knfd()nt/ /izig/ /frendli/ /ll/

sr de soi facile vivre sympathique

hardworking (adj) /hdwk/ travailleur loyal (adj) nervous (adj) fidle nerveux

relaxed (adj) rlkst dtendu sensitive (adj) shy (adj)

/nvs/

/senstv/ /a/

sensible timide

sociable (adj) /sbl/ sociable warm (adj) /wm/ chaleureux welcoming (adj)

/welkm/

accueillant

52

Body idioms Locutions avec le corps

cost an arm and a leg /kst n m n leg/ coter les yeux de la tte give sb a hand keep your fingers crossed /kip j fgz krst/ croiser les doigts (for sb) not see eye to eye with sb Something that costs an arm and a leg is extremely expensive. If you give someone a hand, you help them. If you keep your fingers crossed for someone, you hope that something good will happen to them. People who do not see eye to eye with each other, do not get on together or agree. If you pull someones leg, you say something to them as a joke.

/gv smbdi hnd/ /nt si a tu a w smbdi/

donner un coup de main

voir les choses du mme il que qn

pull sbs leg /pl smbdiz leg/ se moquer de qn

The Face/Hair Le visage/les cheveux

cheeks (n pl) /iks/ joues curly (adj) dimple (n) /dmpl/ fossette eyebrows (n pl) /abraz/ sourcil full (adj) mouth (n) /ma/ bouche pale (adj) pointed (adj) /pntd/ pointu rosy (adj) square (adj) /skwe/ carr straight (adj) 2) droite teeth (n pl) thick (adj) Your cheeks are the soft parts on each side of your face below your eyes. Curly hair is not straight and falls in rings or circles. In some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when they smile. Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a true smile. Full lips are wide and round. Your mouth is the part of your face that you eat and speak with. Pale cheeks are white in colour. A pointed chin is long and narrow, with a point at the end. Rosy cheeks are red or pink in colour. A square chin has straight edges and is not curved or pointed. 2) Straight teeth are in the correct position and do not lean to one side. Its important to brush your teeth regularly. Thick eyebrows are wide with a lot of hairs.

/kli/

boucl

/fl/

pleine, charnue

/pel/

ple

/rzi/

color

/stret/ 1) raide 1) Straight hair has no curls or waves. /ti/

les dents pais

/k/

53

thin (adj) wavy (adj) white (adj)

/n/ 1) mince 1) Thin lips are straight and narrow.

2) mince fris blanc 2) Thin eyebrows are narrow with not many hairs. Wavy hair has waves or small curls in it. White teeth are the same colour as milk and look clean.

/wevi/ /wat/

Review C (p.84)
close our eyes to sth (TS) /klz r az t sm/ se refuser voir qch. fairly (adv) gardener (n) (TS) get tired of (TS) We mustnt close our eyes to the problem of the environment. Fairly is a word meaning quite. After Dad lost his job, he started working as a gardener. Callum gets tired of eating potatoes, salad and apples. If you go green, you start do live in a way that is healthy for the environment. We eat very healthily now and Ive learned to cook some interesting vegetables. He started working as a gardener and thats how he became interested in green issues. Environmental groups try to persuade people to change their lives. Hazel knew Phil was serious about it, so she said yes. Meg wants to split up with her boyfriend as they have nothing in common. Meg wants to do something worthwhile so shes going to give some money to Greenpeace.

/feli/

assez, bien jardinier en avoir assez de

/gdn/

go green /g grin/ devenir cologiste healthily (adv) /helli/ sainement issue (n) (TS) /u; sju/ rsultat persuade (v) (TS) /pswed/ convaincre serious (adj) split up (with) (phr v) /splt p/ se sparer (de) worthwhile (adj) /wwal/ qui en vaut la peine

/get tad v/

/sris/

srieux

54

Unit 10 (p.88)
ancestors (n pl) /nsestz/ anctres army officer (n) as soon as Your ancestors are people related to you who lived a long time ago. Darren is 26 and training to be an army officer. As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test. Is Petes sister like him? Not at all theyre like chalk and cheese. Once youre on the website, just click on the dish to see the complete recipe. If you consider something, you think about it. Their low-calorie diet consists of three quarters plant food and one quarter animal food. The little red Porsche was cute but I didnt use it much. My poor Daddy I used to drive him crazy! I got a car for my 17th birthday, but I didnt even have a driving licence. If you engrave something onto stone, you write it there using something such as a knife. As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test. If you are full of beans, you are very energetic. He used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I wasnt interested in them. Heaven is the place where good people are supposed to go when they die. Daddy used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I wasnt interested. Its not difficult at all, in fact its a piece of cake. If someone is ill, a neighbour will always knock on their door to see how they are. When Darren was a student, he used to be very lazy.

/mi fs/ /z sun z/

officier de larme ds que tre comme le jour et la nuit

be like chalk and cheese /bi lak k n iz/

click on (phr v) /klk n/ cliquer sur consider (v) consist (of) (v) /knsst (v) / consister (en) cute (adj) drive sb crazy

/knsd/ /kjut/

considrer

splendide, ravissante rendre fou qn

driving licence (n) /drav lasns/ permis de conduire engrave (v) /ngrev/ graver fitness test (n) be full of beans

/drav smbdi krezi/

/ftns test/ /bi fl v/

check-up de sant tre plein dentrain

guy (n) /ga/ type heaven (n) /hevn/ paradis introduce (v) /ntrdjus/ prsenter Its a piece of cake. knock (v) /nk/ frapper lazy (adj)

/ts pis v kek/ /lezi/

Cest du gteau

paresseux

55

love-hate relationship (n) /lvhet rlenp/ relation ambivalente low-calorie (adj) luggage (n) /lg/ bagage non-existent (adj) not be sbs cup of tea be packed in like sardines

I had a love-hate relationship with that car I loved it when it worked but I hated it when it broke down! Okinawans eat a low-calorie diet. We didnt take any luggage because there wasnt any room for suitcases. Nobody is in a hurry and timetables are non-existent. What do you think of that guy? Hes OK, but hes not really my cup of tea. It was so crowded we were packed in like sardines. A proverb is a short, well-known statement that gives practical advice about life. The Okinawans eat seven servings of fruit and vegetables every day. When the sun sets, it slowly disappears at the end of the day. Darren is very strong and has amazing stamina. Near a beach there is a large stone with a proverb engraved on it. If you have a healthy diet and a stress-free lifestyle, you will live longer. If you have a stress-resistant personality, you do not suffer from stress. Youre not allowed to have a cigarette in here its a strictly no-smoking area. Every weekend we left town with our tent in the back of the car. A timetable is a list of times at which you must do something or at which something happens. If you have a cigarette in a no-smoking area, youll be in trouble! Someone who is well-built has a body that looks strong. A youth is a young person, usually a teenager.

/lklri/

basses calories

/nngzst()nt/ /bi pkt n lak sdinz/

inconnu, pas existant

/nt bi smbdz kp ne pas tre son got v ti/

tre serr comme des sardines

proverb (n) /prvb/ proverbe serving (n) /sv/ service, plat set (v) /set/ se coucher (astre) stamina (n) (TS) stone (n) /stn/ dalle (en pierre) stress-free (adj) /stresfri/ sans stress stress-resistant (adj) /stresrzst()nt/ rsistant au stress strictly (adv) (TS) /strktli/ strictement tent (n) /tent/ tente timetable (n) /tamtebl/ emploi du temps be in trouble /bi n trbl/ avoir des ennuis well-built (adj) youth (n)

/stmn/

vigueur

/welblt/ /ju/

bien bti jeune (n)

56

Cars Automobiles
air conditioning (n) bonnet (n) /bnt/ capot boot (n) /but/ coffre break down (phr v) /brek dan/ tomber en panne bumper (n) /bmp/ pare-chocs economical (adj) /iknmkl; eknmkl/ conomique, avantageux engine (n) /enn/ moteur environmentally friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/ fall off (phr v) respectueux de lenvironnement faire dfection, lcher

/e kndn/

air conditionn

Air conditioning is a system that makes the air colder. The bonnet is the front part of a car that covers the engine. The boot is the back part of a car that you can put luggage into. If your car breaks down, it stops working and you cant use it. A bumper is a piece of metal or rubber at the front and back of a car that protects it. A car that is economical to run does not use a lot of petrol. The engine is the part of a car that uses petrol to produce movement. A car that is environmentally friendly is designed not to harm the environment. One day it was raining, and the windscreen wiper fell off! Id like to drive a Chevrolet with a silver bumper and big, flashy headlights. The gear stick is the short metal stick in a car that you use when you increase speed. Id love to wear glamorous evening clothes and go to a restaurant in a Chevrolet! You pull a handbrake with your hand to keep a car still after it has stopped. The headlights are the lights on the front of a car that you use for driving at night. A Chevrolet has soft leather seats. Can you give me a lift to the station? I only buy cars that are made in my country. The number plate is the sign on the front and back of a vehicle with letters and numbers on it. You should only overtake other drivers when the road ahead is clear.

flashy (adj) (TS) /fli/ qui en jette gear stick (n) /g stk/ levier de vitesse glamorous (adj) (TS) /glmrs/ resplendissant handbrake (n) /hndbrek/ frein main headlights (n pl) (TS) /hedlats/ phares leather seat (n) give sb a lift made in your country

/fl f/

/le sit/

sige en cuir conduire/emmener qn fabriqu dans votre pays

/gv smbdi lft/ /med n j kntri/

number plate (n) /nmb plet/ plaque dimmatriculation overtake (v) /vtek/ doubler

57

park (v) posh (adj) (TS)

/pk/ /p/

se garer chic rouler(en voiture), conduire (une voiture) tomber en panne de heure de pointe GPS, systme de navigation par satellite ceinture de scurit quipement audio

A lot of women want cars that are easy to park. A place that is posh is expensive and attractive. If you run a car, you own it and use it regularly. If you run out of petrol, you have no more petrol left. Most people hate driving during the rush hour. A satellite navigation system shows you the in which you should travel. Dont forget to fasten your seat belt! A sound system is a piece of equipment for playing music. The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch your legs. The steering wheel is the wheel that you hold and turn to control the direction of the car. The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch your legs. A sunroof is part of the roof of a car that you can open. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, you cant drive because there is too much traffic. A tyre is the thick rubber cover around the wheel of a car. A car has four wheels. The windscreen is the large glass window at the front of a vehicle. A windscreen wiper is the long, thin thing that moves across a windscreen and removes rain.

run (v) /rn/ run out of (phr v) rush hour (n)

/rn at v/ /r a/

satellite navigation system (n) /stlat nvgen sstm/ seat belt (n) sound system (n)

/sit belt/

spacious (adj) /spes/ spacieux steering wheel (n) /str wil/ volant stretch your legs (TS) /stre je legz/ allonger vos jambes sunroof (n) traffic jam (n) /trfk m/ bouchon tyre (n) wheel (n)

/sand sstm/

/snruf/ /ta/

toit ouvrant

pneu roue

windscreen (n) /wndskrin/ parebrise windscreen wiper (n) /wndskrin wap/ essuie-glace

/wil/

Collocations Locutions
a brisk walk an extended family /n kstendd fmli/ une parent be in a hurry /bi n hri/ tre press

/ brsk wk/

une marche rapide

We usually go for a brisk four-hour walk in the morning. An extended family is a larger family group that includes cousins, aunts, uncles etc. In Okinawa, nobody is in a hurry and timetables are non-existent.

58

keep fit

lead a healthy life /lid heli laf/ mener une vie saine do martial arts /du ml ts/ pratiquer les arts martiaux a network of friends / netwk v frendz/ un rseau damis a spectacular sunset / spektkjl snset/ un coucher de soleil spectaculaire

/kip ft/

rester en forme

I go swimming twice a week to keep fit. Eating fruit and vegetables and doing sport is a good way to lead a healthy life. If you do martial arts, you do sports such as judo or karate. A network of friends is the group of friends you see regularly. A spectacular sunset is very beautiful to watch.

Food & Cooking Nourriture et cuisine

add (v) /d/ ajouter aubergine (n) /bin/ aubergine bake (v) banana (n) Add vanilla ice cream to the bananas to make a banana split. An aubergine is a vegetable with a dark purple skin and white flesh. You can bake bananas in the oven in their skin. A banana is a long curved fruit with a yellow skin. Banana split is a dish that consists of bananas and ice cream. Batter is a mixture of flour, milk and eggs used in cooking. A bean is a seed of various plants; there are many different types such as green beans, soya beans etc. If you boil something, you cook it in hot water. You can grill bananas and put brown sugar on top. Cut the bananas in half and fry them in butter. A carrot is a long orange vegetable that grows under the ground. A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white part surrounded by green leaves. A cherry is a small round black or red fruit. Chicken is the white meat of a chicken, eaten as food. If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with a knife.

/bek/

cuire (au four) banane

banana-split (n) /bnnsplt/ banana-split batter (n)

/bnn/ /bt/

pte

bean (n) haricot /bin/ boil (v) /bl/ brown sugar (n) butter (n) faire bouillir, bouillanter sucre brun beurre

/bran g/ /bt/

carrot (n) /krt/ carotte cauliflower (n) /klifla/ chou-fleur cherry (n) chicken (n) chop (v)

/eri/ /p/

cerise poulet dcouper

/kn/

59

coconut (n) /kknt/ noix de coco cucumber (n) /kjukmb/ concombre cut in half /kt n hf/ couper en deux dish (n) /d/ plat fresh (adj) fritters (n pl) /frtz/ beignets fruit salad (n) /frut sld/ salade de fruits fry garlic (n) /glk/ ail grape (n) /grep/ raisin grill (v) ice cream (n) /as krim/ glace ingredient (n) lemon (n)

A coconut is a very large nut that is white inside and has a hard brown shell. A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with dark green skin, often eaten in salads. If you cut something in half, you cut it into two equal pieces. Which of the banana dishes on the website would you prefer? You can eat bananas raw in fresh fruit salad. Banana fritters are bananas that are fried in milk, flour and eggs. Fruit salad is a dish consisting of small pieces of different fruit. Fry bananas in batter to make banana fritters. Garlic is a vegetable similar to an onion that you use in cooking to add a strong flavour. A grape is a small green or purple fruit that can be used for making wine. Grill bananas with brown sugar on top. A banana split is a dish consisting of bananas and vanilla ice cream. The ingredients of batter are milk, flour and eggs. A lemon is a fruit with a hard yellow skin. Lettuce is a vegetable with large green leaves used for making salads. Black coffee is coffee without milk. Mix bananas with rice for a Cuban dish. A mushroom is a soft brown or grey vegetable with a round top. A nut is a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. An onion is a vegetable with thin dry skin that tastes and smells very strong. An orange is a round fruit with hard orange skin.

/fre/

frais

/fra/

(faire) frire

/grl/

griller

/ngridint/ /lemn/ /mlk/

ingrdient citron

lettuce (n) /lets/ laitue milk (n) mix (v) lait mlanger

mushroom (n) /mrum/ champignon nut (n) /nt/ noix onion (n) /njn/ oignon orange (n)

/mks/

/rn/

orange

60

oven (n)

peach (n) /pi/ pche peel (v) prawn (n) raw (adj) recipe (n)

/vn/ /pil/ /r/

four

You can bake bananas in their skin in the oven. A peach is a fruit with soft yellow-pink skin that has a big stone inside. If you peel fruit or vegetables, you take the skin off them. A prawn is a type of small pink sea animal. Food that is raw has not been cooked. A recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a dish or meal. A red pepper is a vegetable with small white seeds inside that you cook or eat raw in salads. You can mix bananas with rice to make a Cuban dish. A sardine is a common silver fish that is eaten as food. Sausages are long tubes of meat mixed with spices. Slice the bananas in half and add ice cream for a banana split. Soup is a liquid food often eaten at the beginning of a meal. Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that you can cook or eat raw in salads. Sugar is a very sweet substance that some people add to tea and coffee. Tea is a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water onto dried leaves. A tomato is a very common round red fruit, often eaten in salads. A trout is quite a large fish that lives in rivers and lakes and is often eaten as food. Vanilla is the most common flavour of ice cream and is light yellow in colour.

peler grosse crevette cru recette

/prn/ /respi/ /ras/

red pepper (n) /red pep/ poivron rouge rice (n) sardine (n) sausage (n) riz sardine saucisse

/sdin/ /ss/

slice (v) /slas/ tranche soup (n) /sup/ soupe spinach (n) /spn/ pinard sugar (n) /g/ sucre tea (n) /ti/ th tomato (n) /tmt/ tomate trout (n) /trat/ truite vanilla (n) /vnl/ vanille

61

Unit 11 (p96)
accidentally (adv) /ksdentli/ activity (n) par hasard, accidentellement activit Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some valuable computer files. Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity? When they discovered the cat had deleted some computer files, they were not amused. Arachnophobic describes someone who is afraid of spiders. Different people have different attitudes to animals. Robert is often away on business for weeks, or even months. Bare walls are empty; someone who is bare is undressed. Robert isnt at home at the moment hes away on business. The mynah bird calls Robbie a few hours before Robert walks through the door. Would you keep the money if a shop assistant gave you too much change? Pets can be very good companions for humans. Robert hardly ever contacts his parents when hes coming home. Gus thinks Hendrix the spider looks cool! Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity? Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some valuable computer files. Are there any animals that you really dislike? Spiders Im afraid of them. Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress in the medical field? A fictional character in a book is someone who does not exist in real life.

amused (adj) /mjuzd/ content, amus arachnophobic (adj) /rknfbk/ arachnophobique attitude (n) away (adv) /we/ loin bare (adj) on business /n bzns/ pour affaires call (v) /kl/ crier, appeler change (n) /en/ monnaie companion (n) contact (v) /kntkt/ contacter cool (adj) cruel (adj)

/ktvti/

/ttjud/ /be/

comportement

nu

/kmpnjn/ /kul/

compagnon

cool cruel

delete (v) /dlit/ effacer dislike (v) (TS) /dslak/ ne pas aimer essential (adj) /senl/ essentiel fictional (adj) /fknl/ fictif

/kru()l/

62

file (n) fir (n)

/fal/ /f/

fichier sapin

The deleted computer files were worth $100,000! A Christmas tree is a type of fir tree. Someone who speaks a language fluently, speaks it very well. Guss spider frightens a lot of people away. Robert hardly ever gets in touch with his parents to tell them hes coming home. Ralph made Morris a bed in his office and got on with his work. If you hear heavy breathing, you hear a person or animal breathing very loudly. Do you think that animals are as important as humans? A lot of people think hunting is very cruel. Some people think animal testing is wrong and should be illegal. A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror. A tale is an imaginative story. Insects are small animals with six legs that often have wings. Ralph took his sick cat into work to keep an eye on him. The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted some computer files. Morris got up and walked across the keyboard of the computer. Angus takes the iguana for walks in the park on a lead! Ants can lift fifty times their own weight! Do you and your pet look alike? Im not that hairy but I think he looks cool, like me! Pat and Tina looked up and suddenly realised they were surrounded by cows. Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress in the medical field? A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror.

fluently (adv) /fluntli/ couramment frighten sb away get in touch (with) /get n t (w) / tre en contact (avec) get on with /get n w/ continuer de heavy breathing (n) (TS) /hevi bri/ respiration bruyante human (n) hunting (n)

/fratn smbdi we/

effaroucher qn

/hjumn/ /hnt/ /m/

tre humain chasse

illegal (adj) /ligl/ illgal image (n) imaginative (adj) image imagine, fictive

insect (n) /nsekt/ insecte keep an eye on key in (phr v) /ki n/ dverrouiller keyboard (n) /kibd/ clavier lead (n) (TS) lift (v)

/mntv/

/kip n a n/

garder un il sur

/lid/ /lft/

laisse soulever

look alike /lk lak/ (se) ressembler look up (phr v) /lk p/ lever les yeux medical field (n) /medkl fild/ domaine mdical mirror (n)

/mr/

miroir

63

misunderstood (adj) /msndstd/ mal compris Never mind. /nev mand/ ne fait rien ornithologist (n) own (v)

When people do not understand a person or thing properly, you say that that person or thing is misunderstood. Sorry, Emma, were going to London this weekend. Never mind. Someone who studies birds is an ornithologist. Ralph owned a Siamese cat called Morris. Some people say that pets and their owners often look alike! Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering involved. Is animal testing essential for progress in the medical field? Do you think that zoos are important for protecting endangered species? They decided to pull up in a quiet place to have a picnic. When Richard put the tent up, there werent any animals in the field. A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror. I think animals should be respected and protected. Why would you like to be a lion? Because theyre big and tough and they rule. A cheetah can run at 100 kilometres per hour. A sauce is a liquid food that you put on other food to give it flavour. Im frightened of sharks I think theyre really scary. Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the theory of evolution. The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted some computer files. I could see a shadow outside the tent. What was it? A big cow! Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering involved.

/nlst/ /n/

ornithologue avoir, possder

owner (n) /n/ propritaire pain (n) /pen/ douleur progress (n) /prgres/ progrs protect (v) /prtekt/ protger pull up (phr v) put up (phr v) (TS) /pt p/ monter, dresser recognise (v) respect (v)

/pl p/

sarrter, faire une halte

/rekgnaz/ /rspekt/ /rn/

reconnatre respecter

rule (v) (TS) /rul/ faire la loi run (v) courir sauce (n) /ss/ sauce scary (adj) scientist (n) /santst/ savant, scientifique secret code (n) /sikrt kd/ code secret shadow (n) (TS) /d/ ombre suffering (n) /sfr/ souffrance

/skeri/

effrayant

64

sunburn (n) tale (n)

/snbn/ /tel/

coup de soleil conte la thorie de lvolution

Did you know that pigs can get sunburn? A tale is an imaginative story. Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the theory of evolution. Anguss iguana is almost a metre long from the tip of its nose to the end of its tail. Lions are big and tough, and they rule. They were touring in the north of England by car when they decided to stop for a picnic. When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned round and walked off! They know when their son is going to turn up because the bird starts calling Robbie! If you type information into a computer, you write it using the keys on the keyboard. Unconditional love has no limits. Someone who is undressed has no clothes on. I think zoos are depressing and unnatural. Unwell is a word that means ill or sick. Zoos can be fun to visit for children. When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned round and walked off! A wallet is a small flat container where men keep money. Ants can lift fifty times their own weight! Which animal can last longer without water than a camel? The deleted computer files were worth $100,000! Some people think that animal testing is wrong and should be illegal.

the theory of evolution / ri v ivlun/

the tip of the nose (TS) / tp v nz/ la pointe du museau tough (adj) (TS) tour (v) /t/ visiter turn round (phr v) /tn rand/ faire demi-tour turn up (phr v) /tn p/ arriver, apparatre type (v) /tap/ taper, crire unconditional love (n) undressed (adj) unnatural (adj) unwell (adj) visit (v)

/tf/

fort

/nkndn()l lv/ /ndrest/ /nwel/ /vzt/ /nn()rl/

amour inconditionnel dshabill contre-nature pas bien, malade visiter

walk off (phr v) /wk f/ sen aller wallet (n) weight (n)

/wlt/ /wet/

portefeuille poids

without (prep) /wat/ sans be worth $100,000

wrong (adj) /r/ mal

/bi w wn hndrd aznd dlz/

valoir 100,000$

65

Adjectives and prepositions Adjectifs et prpositions

be afraid of be allergic to be fond of be interested in

/bi fred v/ /bi fnd v/

avoir peur de tre allergique aimer tre intress par

Im afraid of sharks I think theyre scary. Richard doesnt like cats because hes allergic to them. Harry is fond of all animals. Richard is interested in wild birds. Alicia likes most animals but shes particularly keen on horses. Are you afraid of frogs Afraid? Im terrified of them.

/bi lk tu/ /bi ntrstd n/

be keen on /bi kin n/ tre enthousiaste pour be terrified of /bi terfad v/ tre terrifi par

Animals Animaux
alligator (n) /lget/ alligator animal testing (n) /nml test/ bat (n) bear (n) bull (n) cage (n) calf (n) exprimentation sur les animaux chauve-souris ours taureau cage veau An alligator is an animal with a long tail and sharp, pointed teeth that lives in water and on land. Do you think that animal testing should be illegal? A bat is an animal that flies at night. A bear is a large animal such as a panda with thick fur. A bull is an adult male cow. Emma keeps the snake in a cage. A calf is a young cow. A camel is a large animal, used for carrying people, especially in the desert. Cats and dogs are popular pets. Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour. A chicken is a young hen. A cow is a popular farm animal used for its milk and meat. Crickets are insects that move by jumping and make a noise. A crocodile has a long body and sharp teeth, and lives in water. A deer is a brown animal with long legs that is often very shy.

/bt/ /be/ /bl/

/ke/ /kf/ /kt/

camel (n) /kml/ chameau cat (n) cheetah (n) chicken (n) chat gupard poulet

/it/

cow (n) /ka/ vache cricket (n) (TS) /krkt/ criquet crocodile (n) /krkdal/ crocodile deer (n) /d/ cerf

/kn/

66

dog (n) dolphin (n) eagle (n)

/dg/ /igl/

chien dauphin aigle

Cats and dogs are popular pets. Dolphins live in water and are very intelligent animals. An eagle is a large bird that kills other bird for food. Elephants can smell water that is fifteen kilometres away. An endangered species is a type of animal that may soon no longer exist. Animals that are fluffy are covered with a lot of fur and are nice and gentle. A foal is a young horse. Frogs are small animals with smooth green skin that live in water and on land. Fur is the hair that covers some animals. A giraffe is a very tall animal with a very long neck. A spider has eight hairy legs. Hamsters are popular pets for children. A hen is a female chicken. Can you ride a horse? An iguana is a type of large lizard with points on its back. A young cat is called a kitten. A young sheep is called a lamb. Gus likes lions because theyre big and tough. A loveable pet is one that is easy to love. Mice are small furry animals with long tails that live in fields or that people sometimes keep as pets. A mynah bird is a bird that can talk.

/dlfn/

elephant (n) /elfnt/ lphant endangered species (n) /ndend spiiz/ espce en voie de disparition

fluffy (adj) /flfi/ pelucheux foal (n) frog (n) /frg/ grenouille fur (n) giraffe (n) hairy (adj) (TS) hamster (n) hen (n) horse (n) iguana (n) kitten (n) lamb (n) lion (n) loveable (adj) (TS)

/fl/ /f/

poulain

fourrure giraffe poilu hamster poule cheval iguane chaton agneau lion adorable

/rf/ /heri/ /hen/ /hmst/ /hs/

/gwn/ /ktn/ /lm/

/lan/

mouse (pl mice) (n) /mas (pl mas) / souris mynah bird (n) paw (n) /p/

/lvbl/

/man bd/

mnate

patte (danimal A paw is a dogs or cats foot. onguicul) Pets are animals that people keep at home as companions. A pig is a fat animal with pink skin that farmers keep for meat.

pet (n) /pet/ animal familier pig (n) /pg/ cochon

67

puppy (n)

rabbit (n) /rbt/ lapin rat (n) /rt/ rat reptile (n) (TS) shark (n) /k/ requin sheep (n) snake (n) /snek/ serpent tail (n) tortoise (n) whale (n)

/ppi/

chiot

A puppy is a young dog. Rabbits are furry and have long ears and some people keep them as pets. A rat is an animal like a mouse with a long tail; a lot of people dont like them because they are dirty. Crocodiles, alligators and iguanas are all reptiles. A shark is a very large fish with large teeth that can kill people. A sheep is an animal with white fur that is made into wool. Snakes are long thin animals that move along the ground and can kill people. Cats usually have long tails. Tortoises have shells on their back and move very slowly. The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived. Wild birds or animals live in natural conditions and are not kept by humans. A zoo is a place where wild animals are kept in cages so that people can see them.

/reptal/ /ip/ /tel/

reptile

mouton

queue tortue baleine oiseau/animal sauvage

/tts/ /wel/

wild bird/animal (n) /wald bd/nml/

zoo (n) /zu/ zoo

Insects Insectes
ant (n) /nt/ fourmi bee (n) /bi/ abeille butterfly (n) /btfla/ papillon cockroach (n) /kkr/ cafard fly (n) mosquito (n) /mskit/ moustique spider (n) /spad/ araigne wasp (n) An ant is a small insect that lives in large groups and can carry fifty times its own weight. A bee is a yellow and black insect that flies and makes honey. A butterfly is an insect with colourful, often beautiful wings. A cockroach is a large black insect that lives in places where food is kept. A fly is a very common small insect with wings. A mosquito is a small flying insect that bites the skin of people and animals to feed on their blood. Spiders are insects with eight hairy legs that a lot of people are frightened of. A wasp is a yellow and black insect that can sting you.

/fla/

mouche

/wsp/

gupe

68

Unit 12 (p.104)
abroad (adv) adorable (adj)

/brd/

ltranger adorable

Do you go abroad for your holidays? That little girl is absolutely adorable! How long ago was the Alhambra built? In the 13th or 14th century. The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world.

ago (adv) /g/ il y a (combien de temps) all over the world /l v wld/ le monde entier

/drbl/

anniversary (n) /nvs()ri/ anniversaire The fifth anniversary of their relationship was on 1st July. architect (n) (TS) /ktekt/ architecte arrangement (n) attached (adj) /tt/ ci-joint awful (adj) balloon (n) build (v)

Who was the architect of the Alhambra. I dont know. The two Lauras have made arrangements to meet up. Laura released a balloon with her name and address and a note attached. His suit isnt very nice. Its absolutely awful! A balloon is a childs toy that floats in the air. Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel. Curro thinks that the Alhambra is the most incredible building he has ever seen. If you celebrate a birthday or anniversary, you have a party to show that it is special. The Alhambra was built in the 13th or 14th century. They both stopped in Singapore to wait for connecting flights. Something that is crazy is slightly mad. The food is tasty. Yes, its absolutely delicious! The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears. The Alhambra is very big, in fact its an enormous building.

/renmnt/ /fl/

disposition

terrible ballon construire

/blun/ /bld/

building (n) /bld/ immeuble, construction celebrate (v) /selbret/ clbrer century (n) connecting flight (n) /knekt flat/ vol de correspondance crazy (adj) delicious (adj)

/senri/ /krezi/

sicle

fou, dingue dlicieux

design (v) /dzan/ cr, dcor disappear (v) enormous (adj) (TS) /nms/ norme

/dls/

/dsp/

disparatre

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entirely (adv)

exhausted (adj) /gzstd/ puis exist (v) expect (v) /kspekt/ (sy) attendre fame (n) golden wedding anniversary (n) /gldn wed les noces dor nvs()ri/ guest (n) guinea pig (n)

/ntali/ /gzst/ /fem/ /gest/

entirement

The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice. He looks tired, doesnt he? He looks absolutely exhausted. A hotel made entirely of ice exists in Sweden. How many children will I have? More than you expect. Fame is the state or situation of being famous. A golden-wedding anniversary is the day when a couple celebrates 50 years of marriage. Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping bags. Both Lauras have a rabbit and a guinea pig. A helium-filled balloon is a balloon filled with a gas that keeps it in the air. Something that is hilarious is extremely funny. You put ice cubes in drinks to make them cold. In my opinion, the Alhambra is one of the seven wonders of the modern world. All the furniture is made of ice, including the beds! Whats the name of the most incredible building Curro has ever seen? Inside the hotel, the temperature is always around -5C. The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world. Amy didnt know that Ian had just started his journey from Sydney to London. The Alhambra Palace was built for the Moorish kings. A Labrador is a type of large dog with short hair that is a popular pet. The location of a building is the place or position where it is built. If two people decide to meet up, they arrange to see each other. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears.

exister

clbrit

hte cochon dInde

helium-filled (adj) /hilimfld/ rempli lhlium hilarious (adj) ice cube (n)

/gni pg/

/hleris/

hilarant glaon

In my opinion (TS) /n ma pnjn/ mon avis including (prep) incredible (adj) /nkredbl/ incroyable inside (prep) interior (n) /ntri/ intrieur journey (n) /ni/ voyage king (n) (TS) Labrador (n) /lbrd/ Labrador location (n) /lken/ emplacement meet up (phr v) /mit p/ se rencontrer melt (away) (v)

/as kjub/

/nklud/ /nsad/

y compris

lintrieur

/k/

roi

/melt (we)/

fondre

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note (n) /nt/ petit mot outside (adv) overlook (v) (TS) /vlk/ surplomber palace (n) (TS) for pleasure /f ple/ pour le plaisir pretty (adj) /prti/ joli reindeer skin (n) /rend skn/ peau de renne release (v) reply (n) ridiculous (adj) shore (n) be situated

Laura released a balloon with her name and address and a note attached. Outside, the temperature is -30C. The Alhambra is built on a hill overlooking the city of Granada. The Alhambra is a beautiful palace in the south of Spain. If you do something for pleasure, you do it because you like and enjoy it. That dress is very pretty. Yes, its absolutely gorgeous. The beds in the Ice Hotel are covered with reindeer skins. If you release a balloon, you let it go into the air. The letter was a reply from another Laura Buxton. 7,500 for a dress? Thats absolutely ridiculous. The hotel is situated on the shores of the Torne River. Its situated on the shores of the Torne River. Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping bags. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away. Their daughter doesnt look anything like them thats very strange. Something that is stunning is very beautiful or spectacular. The style of the Alhambra is Moorish, or Islamic. Look at that little girl shes very sweet. Shes absolutely adorable. Tasty food has a nice flavour. Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C. A place that is unique is the only one of its type. The hotel is described by visitors as absolutely stunning. Can you imagine a hotel made entirely of ice? Well, it exists in Sweden, but only in winter.

/atsad/ /pls/

lextrieur, dehors

palais

/rlis/

lcher rponse ridicule rive tre situ

/rpla/ //

/rdkjls/ /bi suetd/ /spr/

sleeping bag (n) /slip bg/ sac de couchage spring (n) printemps strange (adj) /stren/ trange stunning (adj) style (n)

/stn/ /stal/

sensationnel, renversant style

sweet (adj) /swit/ charmant, doux tasty (adj) temperature (n) unique (adj)

/testi/

qui a bon got temprature unique

/tempr/ /junik/

visitor (n) /vzt/ visiteur Well, (interjection) /wel/ Eh bien,

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well-known (adj)

wherever (adv) (TS) /werev/ o que (ce soit) winter (n) one of the wonders of (TS) /wn v wndz v/ une des merveilles du write back (phr v)

/welnn/ /wnt/

connu, clbre

Someone or something that is well-known is famous. At the Alhambra, you can hear water running wherever you go. Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel. Curro thinks the Alhambra is one of the seven wonders of the modern world. If you write back to someone, you reply to them.

hiver

/rat bk/

rpondre ( une lettre)

Collocations with do, get, Locutions avec do, get, go, have, make, take go, have, make, take
do a course do some homework do the housework do research do the shopping get better get changed get dressed get lost

/du ks/

suivre(faire) un cours faire des devoirs faire le mnage faire des recherches faire les courses aller mieux (aller) se changer shabiller se perdre

Im doing a part-time English course. In the evening, we usually have to do some homework. Do you enjoy doing the housework? No, I hate it. If you do research, you study something in detail. Mum has asked me to do the shopping this week. Ive been ill but Im getting better now. You should get changed before you go out. I had a shower, got dressed and had breakfast. Its easy to get lost when youre in a strange place. People often live together nowadays before they get married. Lets go for a drink after work. What time do you go home from school? If they give us any more homework, Ill go mad! We go skiing every winter. Everybody should have a go at doing something dangerous once in their life. The holiday was very enjoyable we had a really good time. If you cant have a laugh with your partner, youre in the wrong relationship.

/du sm haswk/ /du hmwk/ /du rs/ris/ /du p/ /get bet/ /get end/ /get drest/ /get lst/

get married /get mrd/ se marier go for a drink go for a walk go home go mad go skiing

/g fr drk/ /g fr wk/ /g hm/ /g md/ /g ski/

aller boire un verre aller la maison devenir fou aller faire du ski

(aller) faire une promenade I try to go for a walk every day.

have a go /hv g/ essayer, faire un essai have a good time /hv gd tam/ bien samuser have a laugh /hv lf/ rire (ensemble)

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have lunch have a rest make a decision make a living

/hv ln/

prendre son djeuner faire une pause prendre une dcision gagner sa vie

We usually have lunch at 13.00. Youve worked hard its time to have a rest. Its important to make a decision in the next few days. It can be hard to make a living as an actor. Everyone makes mistakes when theyre learning a language. Do you agree that the only reason to get a job is to make money? You should never make a promise if you cant keep it. Do you walk to school? No, I take a bus. Im taking my English exam in summer. The press shouldnt take photos of famous people without their permission. You have to learn to take responsibility for your own life. If you dont take risks, you wont succeed in life.

/hv rest/

/mek dsn/ /mek lv/

make mistakes /mek msteks/ faire des erreurs make money /mek mni/ gagner de largent make a promise take a bus take an exam

/mek prms/ /tek bs/ /tek n gzm/

faire une promesse prendre le bus passer un examen

take a photo /tek ft/ prendre une photo take responsibility /tek rspnsblti/ prendre la responsabilit take risks

/tek rsks/

prendre des risques

Weather Le temps
breeze (n) breezy (adj) Celsius (n) cloud (n) cloudy (adj) cold (adj) dark (adj) dry (adj) dull (adj) fine (adj) fog (n) foggy (adj)

/briz/

brise venteux Celsius nuage nuageux froid sombre sec maussade beau (temps) brouillard il y a du brouillard

A breeze is a light wind. It was quite breezy walking by the sea. The temperature is 20 degrees Celsius. Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain. The weather tomorrow will be cloudy and dull. Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C. The sky often becomes very dark before a storm. If the weather is dry, it doesnt rain. It was a dull, grey depressing day. People feel happier when the weather is fine and sunny. We couldnt see anything because of the fog. Driving when its foggy can be dangerous. If it freezes, water on the ground and on windows turns to ice.

/brizi/ /klad/ /kld/ /dk/ /dra/ /fan/ /fg/ /fgi/ /dl/

/selsis/ /kladi/

freeze (v) /friz/ geler

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freezing (adj) heat (n) hot (adj)

/friz/ /hit/ /ht/

glace chaleur chaud

Freezing weather is weather that is very cold. Walking long distances in the heat can be tiring. It can be very hot here in the summer. Humid weather is hot and wet in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable. British people are not used to high levels of humidity. The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice. Tomorrow will be cold and icy, with temperatures of -13C. Temperatures are expected to be minus 30 degrees. A mist is a very light fog. Tomorrow will be a typical misty autumn day. If the weather is dry, there is no rain. Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain. Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant. A shower is a short period of rain. When it is showery there are a lot of short periods of rain. We had a lot of snow last winter. Its very cold I think it might snow. When there is a storm, a lot of rain falls very quickly, often with strong winds. Stormy weather can be dangerous for drivers. Most people like the sun. The weather today will be warm and sunny. The weather today will be warm and sunny. Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant. Rain and strong winds make driving conditions difficult. It was very windy walking by the sea

humid (adj) /hjumd/ humide humidity (n) ice (n)

/hjumdti/ /as/

humidit glace

icy (adj) /asi/ verglac minus 13/30 degrees mist (n) misty (adj) rain (n) rain (v) rainy (adj) shower (n) showery (adj) snow (n) snow (v)

/mans tin/ti dgriz/ moins 13/30 degrs /mst/ /ren/ /ren/

brume brumeux pluie pleuvoir pluvieux averse temps de giboules neige neiger

/msti/

/reni/ /a/ /sn/ /sn/ /ari/

storm (n) /stm/ tempte stormy (adj) sun (n) sunny (adj) warm (adj) wet (adj) wind (n) windy (adj)

/stmi/ /sni/ /wet/ /sn/

qui fait de la tempte soleil ensoleill chaud humide vent vent, venteux

/wm/ /wnd/

/wndi/

74

Review D (p.112)
albatross (n) /lbtrs/ albatros approximately (adv) /prksmtli/ approximativement birthplace (n) /bples/ lieu de naissance come out (phr v) (TS) cover (v) /kv/ dissimuler, recouvrir die (v) /da/ mourir dish (n) fix (v) /fks/ rparer give birth /gv b/ donner naissance, mettre bas An albatross is a very large white ocean bird with long, narrow wings. Around 1.5 million wildebeest travel approximately 3,000 km around Tanzania and Kenya. Female green turtles return to their birthplace every 2 to 3 years to start a family. Suddenly the rain stopped and the sun came out. Green turtles cover their eggs on the beach before returning to the water. In spring Monarch butterflies travel back east, where they lay their eggs and die. Put the olive oil and garlic in the bottom of a dish. The car broke down and we had to wait three days for it to be fixed. The humpback whales swim to warmer waters in winter to give birth. Female green turtles return to their birthplace every 2 to 3 years to start a family. Humpback whales are dark grey or black whales with large, round backs. In spring the butterflies travel back east where they lay their eggs and die. Humpback whales are experienced long-distance travellers. Olive oil is a type of oil that is often used in cooking. We set off early in the morning and made good progress. I should slow down. Im always in a hurry. The engine problems continued so we decided to turn back. A wildebeest is an African wild animal with curved horns.

/km at/

sortir

/d/

plat

green turtle (n) /grin ttl/ tortue verte de mer humpback whale (n) /hmpbk wel/ rorqual lay eggs /le egz/ pondre des ufs long-distance (adj) /ldstns/ de grandes distances olive oil (n) set off (phr v) slow down (phr v)

/lv l/ /set f/ /sl dan/

huile dolive partir, dmarrer ralentir

turn back (phr v) /tn dan/ retourner wildebeest (n) /wldbist/ gnou

75

Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Questions
Construction de la phrase La construction courante de la phrase interrogative est:
Mot interrogatif What Where When Verbe (auxiliaire) Is Have does are did Sujet she they niece you he happy? left? mean? going? graduate?

Rvision des temps

Temps Present simple Past simple Utilisations Affirmatif Ngatif He doesnt work. She didnt work yesterday. They arent working now. We arent going to work tomorrow. It hasnt worked recently. Question Does he work? Did she work yesterday? Are they working now? Are we going to work tomorrow?

Facts/habits/ He works. routines Completed She worked action at a yesterday. specific past time

Present Activities in Theyre working continuous progress now now. Future (be) Future plans Were going to going to and intentions work tomorrow. Present perfect Completed Its worked action in time recently. up to now.

Yes/No questions [Questions qui ont des rponses courtes en Yes/No] Dans les Yes/No questions avec be on place am/are/is/was/were devant le sujet. Is she tired? Yes, she is. Were they late? No, they werent. Dans les Yes/No questions avec le prsent simple et le prtrit simple on place do/does/did devant le sujet. Do you live here? Yes, I do. Did Jim and his two sisters go to university? No, they didnt. Dans les Yes/No questions avec les autres constructions verbales on place lauxiliaire devant le sujet. Have you been to Oslo? Yes, I have. Can she drive? No, she cant. Wh questions [Questions en Wh] Les questions en What, Where, How many, etc. ont la mme construction que les Yes/No questions. On place un mot interrogatif au dbut de la phrase interrogative. Why is she tired? Where do you live? How many times have you been to Oslo?

Has it worked
recently?

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Unit 2 Les noms et les expressions de quantit

Noms dnombrables La plupart des noms en anglais sont dnombrables. Ils ont une forme singulier et une forme pluriel. Formes rgulires
Singulier a place a church a city a leaf Pluriel two places three churches ten cities ten thousand leaves Orthographe Ajouter s. Ajouter es aprs ch, sh, s, x. Ajouter ies aprs une consonne + y. Ajouter ves aprs une voyelle + v

Noms communs pluriels: clothes, glasses, jeans, knickers, pants, pyjamas, scissors, shorts, sunglasses, tights, trousers. Noms indnombrables Quelques noms en anglais sont indnombrables. Ils ont seulement une forme au singulier. On ne peut utiliser a/an ou placer un nombre devant eux. We had bad weather. (NOT We had a bad weather.) Noms communs indnombrables: advice, architecture, food, furniture, homework, information, knowledge, love, money, music, news, traffic, transport, weather, work. Expressions de quantit Voici des possibilits pour exprimer la quantit si lon ne peut ou si lon ne veut utiliser un nombre exact. Avec des noms dnombrables: (only) a few / (far) too many / How many ? Only a few people saw what happened. How many emails do you get every day? Avec des noms indnombrables: (only) a little / (far) too much / How much ? Theres a little wine left but no beer. How much homework do you get? Avec des noms dnombrables et indnombrables: a lot of / lots of / not enough She has a lot of problems. He didnt give me enough information. too + much/many (+ noun) = trop ou plus que ncessaire. I have too much work and not enough time.

Formes irrgulires
Singulier a person a child a man a woman a foot a tooth Pluriel two people two children two men two women two feet two teeth

! a or an? Avec les noms au singulier on utilise a devant un son

consonnant: a town, a university.

You use an before a vowel sound: an airport, an office.

! Plural nouns Quelques noms sont toujours au pluriel et nont pas de

forme au singulier. On ne peut utiliser a/an ou placer un nombre devant eux. I have some pink jeans. (NOT I have a pink jeans.)

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Unit 3 Prtrit simple et prtrit continu

Part 1: Prtrit simple (past simple)
Affirmatif Ngatif Question I/You/He/She/ It/We/They worked. I/You/He/She/ Did It/We/They I/you/he/she/it/ didnt (did we/they work? not) work. Rponse courte Yes Yes, I/you/he/ she/it/we/ they did. Rponse courte No No, I/you/he/ she/it/we/ they didnt.

On peut utiliser le prtrit simple comme temps principal pour parler dvnements et de situations passs . Il est utilis en gnral pour raconter des histoires.
! Il nexiste seulement quune forme au pass pour chaque verbe sauf

tre(be).

Affirmatif Ngatif Question I/He/She/It was tired. I/He/She/It Was I/he/she/it wasnt (was tired? not) tired.

Rponse courte Yes Yes, I/he/she/ it was.

Rponse courte No No, I/he/she/ it wasnt. No, you/ we/they werent.

CONJUGAISON: VERBES RGULIERS Ajouter ed/d aprs la plupart des verbes: work worked, demonstrate demonstrated Enlever y et ajouter ied pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une consonne + y: study studied, try tried Ajouter une consonne + ed pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une voyelle + une consonne: stop stopped, plan planned Les dix verbes irrguliers les plus utiliss sont: 1 say said 2 get got 3 go went 4 know knew 5 think thought 6 see saw 7 make made 8 come came 9 take took 10 give gave See a fuller list of irregular verbs on page 159.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/ Yes, you/we/ were tired. werent (were they tired? they were. not) tired.

Part 2: Prtrit continu (past continuous)

Affirmatif Ngatif Question I/He/She/It I/He/She/It Was I/he/she/it was working. wasnt (was tired? not) working. Rponse courte Yes Yes, I/he/she/ it was. Rponse courte No No, I/he/she/ it wasnt. No, you/ we/they werent.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/ Yes, you/we/ were werent (were they tired? they were. working. not) working.

Conjugaison : formes en ing Enlever e et ajouter ing pour les verbes qui se terminent en e: have having; make making Doubler la consonne + ing pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une voyelle + une consonne: run running; stop stopping On peut utiliser le prtrit continu pour dcrire une activit plus longue dans la dure qui tait en train de se faire au moment o les autres

78

vnements passs eurent lieu. On lutilise en gnral en contraste du prtrit simple. I saw her when I was driving home. They were playing tennis when it started raining.

Part 2: Prsent simple et prsent continu

Affirmatif Ngatif Question I/You/We/ They work. He/She/It works. Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

Unit 4 Place des mots accompagnant le verbe. Prsent simple et prsent continu
Part 1: Place des mots accompagnant le verbe verbes avec deux complments dobjet Quelques verbes usuels peuvent avoir deux complments dobjet. Deux constructions diffrentes de la phrase sont possibles, mais la signification reste la mme. La construction verbe + personne + objet est la plus couramment utilise, surtout avec les pronoms complments (me, you, him, etc.)
(c. indirect) (c. direct) (c.direct) (c.indirect)

I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ dont (do not) work? they do. we/they work. dont. He/She/It Does he/she/it doesnt (does work? not) work. Yes, he/she/ it does. No, he/she/ it doesnt.

Conjugaison: 3me personne du singulier Ajouter s aprs la plupart des verbes: live lives, play plays, work works Ajouter es aprs ch, sh, s, x: watch watches, finish finishes Supprimer y et ajouter ies aprs une consonne + y: study studies

Formes irrgulires: do does, go goes, have has On peut utiliser le prsent simple pour parler de: choses qui sont toujours vraies. He looks like his father. Ice forms at 0 degrees. choses qui ont lieu rgulirement ou chaque fois. He plays tennis on Friday. She never gets up before 9.00 a.m. Prsent continu
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Im (am) working. Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No No, Im not. No, you/we/ they arent. No, he/she/ it isnt.

verbe + I He

personne + chose bought him a present.

= = =

verb + chose + to/for + personne I bought a present for him.

lent

her some money.

He lent

some money to her.

Verbes courants avec le schma verbe + chose + to + personne : give, lend, offer, pass, read, send, show, teach, tell Verbes courants avec le schma verbe + chose + for + personne : buy, find, get, make
! On ne peut utiliser la construction verbe + personne + chose avec

certains verbes: describe, explain, say or suggest. He explained the situation to me. (NOT He explained me the situation.) She said hello to us. (NOT She said us hello.)

Im not (am Am I working? Yes, I am. not) working. Yes, you/we/ they are. Yes, he/she/ it is.

You/We/ You/We/They Are you/we/they Theyre (are) arent (are not) working? working. working. He/She/Its He/She/It isnt Is he/she/it (is) working. (is not) working? working.

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Conjugaison: formes en ing Supprimer e et ajouter ing pour les verbes qui se terminent en e: have having, make making Ajouter une consonne + ing pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une voyelle + une consonne: run running, stop stopping On peut employer le prsent continu pour parler d: activits qui se droulent au moment (prcis) o lon parle. What are you doing? Im writing an email. activits qui se droulent peu prs au moment o lon parle. Cars are getting cheaper, but house prices are going up.

On peut employer a bit ou much pour modifier les comparaisons. Wembley Stadium is a bit bigger than the Stade de France. Cristiano Ronaldo is much better-looking than Wayne Rooney. On utilise not as + adjectif + as pour faire des comparaisons ngatives. Golf is not as dangerous as motor racing. On utilise les adjectifs superlatifs pour comparer des personnes/choses avec lensemble des personnes/choses du mme groupe. Mohamed Ali was the greatest sportsman of all time. Football is the most popular sport in the world. Part 2: Phrasal verbs [verbes composs] Lexpression phrasal verb [verbe compos] fait en gnral rfrence tous les verbes composs de plusieurs mots, consistant en un verbe + particule(s). On peut diviser les verbes composs en trois groupes principaux.
Superlatif the newest the nicest the fittest the healthiest the best the worst the furthest the most exciting

Unit 5 Adjectifs comparatifs et superlatifs. Phrasal verbs[verbes composs]

Part 1: Adjectifs comparatifs et superlatifs
Adjectif Adjectifs courts: ajouter er/est Adjectifs finissant avec une consonne ou e Adjectifs finissant avec une voyelle + une consonne Adjectifs finissant en y Adjectifs irrguliers Adjectifs longs: ajouter more / the most new nice fit healthy good bad far exciting Comparatif newer nicer Fitter Healthier better worse further more exciting

1 Verbe + particule (INTRANSITIF) Certains verbes composs sont intransitifs et n acceptent pas de complment dobjet direct. Sit down and enjoy it. When are you going to grow up? 2 Verbe + complment dobjet + particule (TRANSITIF PEUT TRE SPAR) La plupart des verbes composs sont transitifs. Ces verbes ont un complment dobjet direct. Avec les verbes particule sparable, si le complment dobjet direct est un nom, on peut le mettre devant ou derrire la particule. Take off your shoes. OR Take your shoes off. Si le complment dobjet direct est un pronom, on doit le placer entre le verbe et la particule. Switch it off, please. (NOT Switch off it.)

On utilise les adjectifs comparatifs pour comparer les personnes/choses avec dautres personnes/choses Fernando Alonso is older than Lewis Hamilton.

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3 Verbe + particule + complment dobjet (TRANSITIF NE PEUT TRE SPAR) Avec ce type de verbe compos on place toujours le complment dobjet direct nom ou pronom aprs la particule. She looks after her grandmother. I ran after the bus, but it didnt stop.

On utilise have to / dont have to pour parler de ncessit ou dobligation: have to signifie que quelque chose est ncessaire ou bien obligatoire. dont have to signifie que quelque chose nest pas ncessaire ou bien pas obligatoire. In the UK, you have to drive on the left. You dont have to wear a helmet on a bicycle. Part 2: Prsent perfect simple

Unit 6 Permission et obligation (prsent). Prsent perfect simple

Part 1: can pour la permission; have to pour lobligation
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

Affirmatif Ngatif Question

Rponse courte Yes

Rponse courte No

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they worked. not) worked. havent. He/She/Its He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has) worked. (has not) worked? worked. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He etc. Can I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ can work. cant (cannot) work? etc. can. he, etc. work. cant.

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159. On peut utiliser can et cant pour parler de permission: can signifie que quelque chose est permis: cest OK. cant signifie que quelque chose nest pas permis: ce nest pas OK. In the UK, you can leave school when you are 16. You cant vote until you are 18.
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

On peut employer le prsent perfect pour parler dactions passes qui se droulent dans le temps jusquau moment o lon parle [time up to now]. On ninsiste pas sur un moment prcis. Time up to now [expression dune action du pass qui dure encore au moment o lon parle] The past Now Ive done a lot of silly things in my life.

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ They have to dont have to have to work? they do. we/they work. worked. dont. He/She/It has He/She/It to work. doesnt have to work. Does he/she/it have to work? Yes, he/she/ it does. No, he/she/ it doesnt.

Expressions de temps courantes qui dcrivent le temps pass up to now: today, this week, recently, never, over the years. Avec ces expressions de temps on emploie, en gnral, le prsent perfect. My brother has never been to a pop concert. I havent seen any good films recently.

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! been been est le participe pass de be, mais on peut aussi lemployer

I want a fairer system. I dont feel strongly about politics. Verbes courants exprimant un tat: feelings: hate, like, love, prefer, want. thoughts: believe, feel, know, think, understand. possession: belong, have, own. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste.

comme participe pass de go. Comparez les phrases:

Hes been to Rome. = He went and came back. Hes gone to Rome. = He went and is in Rome now. Finished time [expression du pass rvolu] The past X I did a lot of silly things when I was at university. Expressions de temps courantes qui expriment que laction passe est termine au moment o lon parle [finished time]: yesterday, last month, when I was a student, in 1990, a few minutes ago. On emploie le prtrit simple avec ces expressions de temps. She called you a few minutes ago. I didnt go to the mountains last summer. Now

appearance: appear, look (like), seem.

! Quelques verbes expriment la fois une action et un tat:

Rosie is having a great time at university. (have = dynamic meaning) Brian has a beautiful house. (have = stative meaning) Part 2: Formes exprimant le futur: (be) going to et prsent continu
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Im (am) going to work. You/We/ Theyre (are) going to work. Im not (am not) going to work. Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No No, Im not. No, you/ we/they arent. No, he/she/ it isnt.

Unit 7 Verbes daction et verbes dtat. Formes exprimant le futur

Part 1: Verbes daction et verbes dtat Verbes daction La plupart des verbes ont un sens dynamique . Ils expriment une action : quelque chose se passe. On peut les employer avec des formes simples pour parler dhabitudes ou de routines, ou avec des formes continues (progressives) pour parler dvnements qui sont en train de se drouler. I recycle all paper, plastic and bottles. Were destroying the planet. The phone is ringing. Verbes dtat Les verbes qui ont un rapport avec le savoir, lmotion ou la possession expriment un tat. Il ne se passe rien. On ne peut les utiliser avec des formes continues.

Am I going to Yes, I am. work?

You/We/ Are you/we/they Yes, you/we/ Theyre not going to work? they are. (are not) going to work. Is he/she/it going Yes, he/she/ to work? it is.

He/She/Its He/She/It isnt (is) going to (is not) going work. to work.

On peut utiliser (be) going to pour exprimer des intentions dans le futur. On a pris une dcision au sujet dun vnement situ dans le futur et lon parle de cette dcision.

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Decide what to do.

Y
The past

Talk about the decision. Now

Do it.

Y
The future

Permission: can/could; cant/couldnt

Obligation: have to / had to; had to / didnt have to Non ncessaire You dont have to do it. You didnt have to do it.

Permis Non permis Ncessaire Present You can do it. You cant do it. You have to do it. Past You could do it. You couldnt do it. You had to do it.

One of these days Im going to get fit. Hes going to tell me all about his holidays. On peut employer le prsent continu pour parler dvnements situs dans le futur. On a pris des dispositions pour un vnement situ dans le futur et lon en parle. Decide what to do. Arrange it. Talk about the arrangement. Now Do it.

Y
The past

Y
The future

On peut utiliser can/could pour parler de permission. could est la forme au pass de can. When I was fourteen I could stay out as long as I wanted. Swiss women couldnt vote in elections until 1971. On emploie have to / had to pour exprimer la ncessit ou lobligation. had to est la forme au pass de have to. I had to wear a uniform at school. In the 1960s you didnt have to wear a helmet on a motorbike. Part 2: must et should pour le conseil
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

Are you doing anything on Thursday? Were meeting the President this afternoon at 2.00 p.m. For present continuous verb forms see page 132.

Unit 8 Permission et obligation (prsent et pass). Conseil

Part 1: can/could pour la permission; have to / had to pour lobligation
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Could I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ could work. couldnt (could etc. work? etc. could. he, etc. not) work. couldnt. Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Must I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ must work. mustnt (must work? etc. must. he, etc. not) work. mustnt. I/You/He, etc. should work. I/You/He, etc. Should I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ shouldnt etc. work? etc. should. he, etc. (should not) shouldnt. work.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ had to work. didnt have to etc. have to etc. did. he, etc. work. work? didnt.

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On peut employer must et should pour donner un conseil. must est plus fort que should. You must lose weight (ou tu vas/vous allez mourir)! You should lose weight (car tu te sentiras/vous vous sentirez mieux).

Affirmatif Ngatif Question

Rponse courte Yes

Rponse courte No

Unit 9 for et since. Prsent perfect simple et continu

for et since for + une mesure de temps et since + un moment dans le temps sont deux manires dexprimer la mme chose. On utilise for quand on situe la dure du temps: for a few days / for three years / for ages. On utilise since pour situer le dbut de laction dans le temps: since Monday / since I left school / since 1997. Prsent perfect simple et continu
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they been working. not) been havent. working. He/She/Its (has) been working. He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has not) been been working? working. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

On utilise en gnral le prsent perfect continu pour dcrire la dure dune action continue ou rpte partir dun moment dans le pass et qui dure encore au moment o lon parle. Weve been studying Greek for ten years. Shes been going to the same hairdresser since the 1990s.
! Verbes dtat On nemploie pas le prsent perfect continu avec les

verbes dtat. On utilise la forme simple.

Shes known Tom since they were at school. (NOT Shes been knowing ) Theyve had the same computer since 2003. (NOT Theyve been having ) See the list of common verbs with stative meanings on page 138. NOTE: On peut aussi utiliser la forme simple pour indiquer des situations invariables,immuables. Comparer: Ive been living here since the summer. Ive lived here all my life.

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they worked. not) worked. havent. He/She/Its He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has) worked. (has not) worked? worked. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159.

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Unit 10 will (futur). Expressions du futur. used to

Part 1: will (futur). Expressions du futur
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

Part 2: used to
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Will I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ ll (will) work. wont (will not) work? etc. will. he, etc. work. wont.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ used to work. didnt use to use to work? etc. did. he, etc. work. didnt.

will est un modal. On peut utiliser will pour parler du futur quand il ny a pas de plan, dintention ou darrangement pris au moment o lon parle. Comparer: What are you doing / going to do this weekend? (= je pense que vous avez des plans, des intentions ou pris des dispositions.) What will you do this weekend? (= je ne pense pas que vous le sachiez.) Expressions du futur Quand on exprime le futur, on emploie une forme du futur dans la proposition principale mais on emploie un temps prsent dans les subordonnes aprs when, if, as soon as, before, after, etc. Deux constructions de phrases sont possibles.
Conjonction When If Subordonne he gets home it rains tomorrow Proposition principale hes going to have a bath. well play at the weekend.

On peut utiliser used to + infinitif pour parler dhabitudes dans le pass (actions rptes dans le pass) ou bien dtats dans le pass. Il dcrit des choses qui taient vraies dans le pass, mais qui ne le sont probablement plus maintenant I used to go to school by bus. I didnt use to enjoy English lessons. What sort of car did you use to have?
! On ne peut utiliser used to + infinitif pour parler dune action unique

situe dans le pass.

(NOT One weekend we used to go to Paris.)

Unit 11 Relatives restrictives. Unreal conditionals [conditions]

Part 1: Relatives restrictives Une subordonne relative restrictive peut dfinir ou identifier la chose ou la personne introduite dans la proposition principale. Elle se place immdiatement aprs la personne ou la chose quelle dcrit. A cheetah is an animal that can run at 100 kilometres an hour. The woman who does my hair is called Muriel. Le pronom relatif (that, which, who) devient le sujet du verbe dans la subordonne relative. On emploie that (ou which) pour les choses et who (ou that) pour les personnes.

OR
Proposition principale Hes going to have a bath Well play at the weekend Conjonction when if Subordonne he gets home. it rains tomorrow.

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subject

verb

People

who

come from Manchester are called Mancunians.

subject verb

if-subordonne If I had $1million, If I could live anywhere

Propostion principale Id travel round the world. Id choose somewhere hot.

A butchers is a shop that

sells meat.

Part 2: Unreal conditionals [condition] On peut utiliser une phrase conditionnelle pour parler dune situation prsente (ou future) qui est imaginaire ou peu probable. Ces phrases sont appeles habituellement unreal conditionals. Elles ont deux propositions: une proposition subordonne avec if- et une proposition principale. Subordonne en -if Pour montrer que la situation prsente (ou future) est imaginaire. On utilise un temps au pass.
Situation relle I am not an animal. I live in an apartment Situation imaginaire If I was/were an animal, * If I lived in an igloo,

Unit 12 Past perfect [plu-perfect]. Le passif

Part 1: Past perfect [plu-perfect]
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Had I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ d (had) hadnt (had worked? etc. had. he, etc. worked. not) worked. hadnt.

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159. On utilise le plu-perfect quand on parle du pass et que lon fait rfrence un pass plus ancien. Le plu-perfect montre clairement quun vnement sest droul avant les autres vnements passs. Id had breakfast when I got to work this morning.

*REMARQUE If I/he/she/it were est plus formel que If I/he/she/it was. On emploie toujours were dans lexpression invariable If I were you Proposition principale On emploie en gnral use would + infinitif dans la proposition principale.
I/You/He, etc. d (would) work. I/You/He, etc. Would I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ wouldnt etc. work? etc. would. he, etc. (would not) wouldnt. work.

Earlier past Part 2: Le passif

Past

Now

Dans les phrases la forme passive, le complment du verbe actif devient le sujet du verbe passif. Active
subjet verbe complment

Passive
sujet verbe

Somebody built the first Ice Hotel in 1990.

The first Ice Hotel was built in 1990.

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On peut utiliser les verbes la forme passive pour parler dactions dont il nest pas important de savoir ( ou lon ne sait pas) qui les a ralises My shoes were designed in Italy. All the furniture is made of ice.
Affirmatif Ngatif Question Rponse courte Yes Rponse courte No

Theyre made They arent Are they made in Yes, they are. No, they in China. made in China. China? arent. It was built in 1963. It wasnt built Was it built in Yes, it was. in 1963. 1963? No, it wasnt.

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