INFORMATION ON

SERVICES
FIRE FIGHTING PLUMBING ELECTRICAL VERTICAL CIRCULATION

INFORMATION ON SERVICES by-Rabi Narayan Mohanty Vijay Kumar Verma (M.Arch.-I)

FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE TYPES / FIRE TRIANGLE

Take any of these four things away ,and you willnot have a fire or the fire will be extinguished

FIXED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS / INSTALLATIONS

(a) Systems/Installations based on water: (i) Hydrant Installations; (ii) Automatic Sprinkler Installations; (iii) Automatic Water Spray Installations; (b) Systems/Installations based on foam: (c) Systems/Installations using CO2: (i) Automatic CO2 installations (High Pressure ) (ii) Automatic CO2 installations (Low Pressure ) (e) Systems/Installations using dry powder: (d) Systems/Installations based on clean gaseous extinguishing agents:

Hydrant Systems can be of two types:

(a) External Hydrant System, where the hydrants are installed in the open, like the city or town water mains, or hydrantsystems installed in the open areas in industrial or such other occupancies; (b) Internal Hydrant System, installed in buildings or structures to be protected

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Automatic sprinklers are devices for automatically distributing water upon a fire in sufficient quantity to extinguish it completely or to prevent its spread, by keeping the fire under control, by the water discharged from the sprinklers.

Types of Sprinkler Systems:

Wet - The pipes are permanently charged with water and used for all locations except where freezing temperatures are likely to occur or special conditions exist. Dry - The pipes are normally charged with air under pressure. Alternate - Can be arranged to be either wet or dry depending upon ambient temperature conditions.

FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES

Open Spaces Transformers separate fire resisting room of 4h rating. The entrance to the room shall be provided with the fire- resisting door of 2hour Boiler rooms. Boilers may be allowed in the basements away from escape routes. fire resisting room of 4h fire resistance Compartmentation Helps in limitation to the damage of building and its contents Service Ducts/Shafts. Service ducts and shafts shall be enclosed by walls of 2 h and doors of 2 h, fire rating Glasses used in facade of high rise buildings These shall have minimum of 1 hr fire resistance Refuge Areas For buildings more than 24m in height, refuge area of 15 sq.m or an area equivalent to 0.3 sq.m per person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors, The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor and open to air, at-least on one side, protected with suitable railings.

FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES

Vertical Opening In a building fire vertical openings like stairs and lift shafts acts as flues or chimneys conveying flames, hot gases and smoke vertically and serve as channels for easy spread to the upper levels. Hence, the need for enclosure or protection of such vertical shafts to prevenet fire spread to other areas and floors served by them.
Fire Control Room For all buildings 15m in height and above, there shall be a control room on the entrance floor of the building with communication system (suitable public address system) to all floors and facilities for receiving the message from different floors. Helipad

RAGHUNATH MALL
(HARIDWAR)
TOTAL SITE AREA-30509 SQ.M TOTAL BUILT UP AREA 20540 SQ M G+5 STRUCTURE 2 BASEMENT

RETAIL FOOD PLAZA CINEMA HOTEL

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

SERVICES
RESIDENCY

MALL

SITE PLAN RAGHUNATH MALL

(HARIDWAR)

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

COMPLEX WITH THE SURROUNDING

EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

DESIGN PRINCIPLES
HARDSCAPE AROUND THE BUIDING TO CARRY LOAD OF FIRE TRUCK AND SMOTH MOVEMENT AROUND THE BUILDING

EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR) EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE DIA-150MM ALL AROUND THE BUILDING

EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR) EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE AND EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT S FIXED AT 60MT -60MT.

FIRE HYDRANDS

EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT AT GROUND LEVEL

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

A
A

PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

DESIGN PRINCIPLES INTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING GROUND FLOOR PLAN

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

FIRE EXITS STAIRS AND STAIRS

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

COMPARTMENTATION

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

SPRINKLER BRANCHES FROM MAINS

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

SPRINKLERS LAYOUT

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

MULTIPLEX FLOOR PLAN

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

A
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

DETAIL (A) OF MULTIPLEX SPRINKLER SYSTEM

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DETAIL OF TEST ASSEMBLY OF SPRINKLER LINE

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

DETAIL OF FIRE HOSE CABINET

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DETAIL OF UGT AND PUMP ROOM

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Electricity is generated in power generating stations. Situated near the natural sources of energy. Electricity transmitted in two stages:1. Transmission- transmission from generating station to sub station 2. Distribution - distribution from sub station to consumers. Distribution of power at 415/240 v is called secondary or low voltage distribution system. Distribution of power at high voltage such as 11KV, 6.6KV or 3.3 KV is called primary or high voltage distribution system.

BUSBARS AND LT PANELS

Point at which electrical power is available for transmission. a bus bar is a thick strip of copper or aluminium that conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation or other electrical apparatus. Busbars are used to carry very large currents, or to distribute current to multiple devices within switchgear or equipment. High Voltage Switch Room In case of substation having one transformer and one source of supply, the owner is required to provide one high voltage switch. The floor area required in case of a single switch is roughly 4 m x 4 m and for every additional switch the length would be increased by 1 m.

ELECTRIC SUB- STATION

MALL

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

SITE PLAN SHOWING ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

DG SETS

TRANSFORMER

LT PANEL

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STAIRCASE

PASSENGERS LIFT
GOODS LIFT DUMB WAITER LIFT ESCALATORS SPIRAL ESCALARATORS

TRAVELATOR
Sizes of the vertical circulation system depends on floor space available, the floor-tofloor height, pedestrian movement volumes and patterns, and the groups of people who will use the stair.

STAIRCASE
preliminary STAIRCASE configuration Preliminary selection of stair configuration depends on the floor space available, the floor-tofloor height, pedestrian movement volumes and patterns, and the groups of people who will use the stair.

FOR COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES MINIMUM WIDTH OF STAIR CASE IS 1500 MM RISER-150MM TREAD-300MM

PASSENGERS LIFT

SR.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

LOAD PERSONS 4 6 8 10 13 16 20 5

KG 373 408 544 680 884 1088 1360 340

CAR INSIDE A B 1100 700 1100 1000 1300 1100 1350 1300 2000 1100 2000 1300 2000 1550 1100 800

LIFT WELL C D 1900 1300 1900 1600 1900 1900 1900 2100 2500 1900 2500 2100 2500 2400 1900 1200

ENTRANCE E 800 800 800 800 900 1000 1000 800

GOODS LIFT

SR.No. 1 2 3 4 5

LOAD KG 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 A

CAR INSIDE B 1200 1800 2000 2500 2500 C 1900 2300 2600 2600 2900 1100 1400 1700 1700 2000

LIFT WELL D 1500 2100 2300 2800 2800

ENTRANCE E 1100 1400 1700 1700 2000

6
7 8

3000
4000 5000

2000
2500 2500

3000
3000 3600

2900
3400 3400

3300
3300 3900

2000
2500 2500

The handling capacity is calculated by the Following formula: H =3OOXQX1OO TxP where H = Handling capacity as the percentage of the peak population handled during 5 min period, Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car, (depends on the dimensions of the car.) T = Waiting interval in seconds, and P = Total population to be handled during peak morning period. (It is related to the area served by a particular bank of lifts.)

Number of Lifts and Capacity

It depends on Number of floors to be served by the lift; Floor to floor distance; Population of each floor to be served Maximum peak demand; this demand maybe unidirectional, as in up and down peak periods, or a two-way traffic movement. Speed The following general recommendations are

Handling capacity of buildings

 For buildings with more than 12 floors, it is recommended to have provision of 1stretcher/ Service lift in addition to the passenger lifts. For buildings with more than 12 floors, where passenger and service lifts are provided in one lobby it is recommended to have group control for all the lifts.

The waiting interval is calculated by the following formula: T = RIT N where T = Waiting interval in seconds, N = Number of lifts, and R7T = Round trip time, that is, the average time required by each lift in taking one full load of passengers from ground floor, discharging them in various upper floors and coming back to ground floor for taking fresh passengers for the next trip,

ESCALARATORS an escalator is a moving staircase it is a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. the device consists of motor and linked step that moves up and down on tracks allowing.

THE BENEFITS OF ESCALATORS :

they have the capacity to move large number of people. they have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic) they can be used to guide people towards main exits or special exhibits. placed at an angle 30 and capacity 3000-4000 person per hour

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

GOODS LIFT

PLAN SHOWING VERTICAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

(STAIRS,ESCALATORS,LIFTS)

SPIRAL ESCALATORS
Spiral escalators greatly increase the amount of usable floor space. It is an ideal solution for office buildings, malls, hotels and galleries. Stacking spiral escalators above each other in a multiple plan configuration creates a spectacular atrium effect.

The elegantly functional layout not only enhances a buildings architecture, it also guides visitors smoothly into the building.

TRAVELATOR
travelator is a moving walkway that transports people - the device is like a conveyor belt

moving walkway

PLUMBING

Plumbing
Plumbing refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of potable water and the removal of waterborne wastes The plumbing system is really made up of two systems: Supply system that brings in fresh water, and Drain-waste-vent system that takes out used water and sewage.

SUPPLY SYSTEM This system distributes water under pressure throughout the structure for drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundry.

Water supply systems get water From a variety of locations, these are
groundwater (aquifers), surface water (lakes and rivers), Conservation sea through desalination.

DWV (DRAINAGE, WASTE, AND VENTING) SYSTEM: This system carries Away wastewater and solid waste from bathrooms, kitchens, and laundries and is not under pressure. Must be well vented because it prevents back pressure and siphoning of water from traps. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. Many building needs drainage to manage water supplies.

Sewage treatment process

PLUMBING LEED POINTS The Water Efficiency category of the LEED rating system is the least emphasized, with a potential of three LEED points obtainable through Innovative Waste Water Technologies and Water Use Reduction. The LEED rating system for Water Use Reduction is based on the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992. This Act set maximum plumbing fixture flow rates. 1 US gallon = 3.79 liters.

HIGH-EFFICIENCY, WATER-SAVINGTOILETS Toilets are often the source of the most water use (and water wasting) within a home, accounting for nearly 30 percent of an average homes indoor water consumption. Replace it with one of the following: High-efficiency (ULF) toilet model that uses no more than 1.3 gpf. Dual-flush toilet, which has a lower-flush button for liquid waste and a higher-flush button for solid waste; this type of toilet is common in Australia, Europe and U.S. Composting toilet, which uses little to no water for flushing. For commercial/office-building bathrooms, install ultra-low-flush (ULF) urinals in lieu of regular urinals.

ZERO FLUSH URINALS Zero flush urinal saves an average of 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters) of fresh, potable water each year. Thats the equivalent of 3 large, home swimming pools. Just one way Zero flush helps us all conserve fresh water resources for drinking and other healthy choice uses.

SHOWERHEADS
Showering accounts for up to 20 percent of the average households indoor water use. You can cut your shower water use by as much as 70 percent by switching to an ultra-low-flow Showerhead. High-efficiency / ultra-low-flow showerhead that uses no more than 2 gpm . Using ULF showerheads will also save money on energy bills, by reducing the demand of water heater

FAUCETS High-efficiency faucets that have a flow rate of no more than 1.5 gpm. (the current EPA Water Sense standard, as of 2010) and add a water-saving aerator or flow restrictor to the existing faucets (an easy and inexpensive modification).

RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)

Total built up area 20540 SQM.
Hotel area -6834 SQM. Number of rooms- 111 Number of users 3900 per day (Approx.) Total water required per day -2,20,000 liter. Domestic water tank for hotel Block - 30000 lit. Flushing water tank for mall and Multiplex capacity 27500 lit. Domestic water tank for Mall & Multiplex cap.- 27500 lit. Fire tank capacity- 20000 lit

Lower basement plan A Detail at B

Detail at A

Ground floor plan C Detail at C

Detail at D D

First floor plan

Detail at E

Detail at F

Second floor plan G Detail at G

Terrace floor plan

Detail at H