Structures Earthquake Disaster Management Barrier Free Design

Shopping Mall

Parshanth Sathyavignesh

Basic shape of Shopping Mall

The shape and structure of the shopping mall commercially based on the site shape and topography to cover the maximum built-up spaces.

Basic shape of Shopping Mall

The common component that we can find almost all large

shopping malls is Atrium.

Atrium does not come under the built up space but open
space. The overall plot coverage of the site.

Spanning Range

The grid system with 15m x 15m with square column size of 60cm
30cm square Column with 7.5m spacing Material: RC Structure Atrium: 30m Steel vault

Marg junction, Chennai

Spanning Range

The column to column spacing 10m and other side are varying with 3m to 5m. 45cm square Column is used here.

Material: RC Structure
Atrium: Steel vault

Mohali Junction, Punjab

Spanning Range

The grid pattern with spacing varies from 5m to 10m

60cm square Column is used here.

Material: RC Structure Atrium: 25m Steel vault

MGF Mega City, Gurgaon

Inference
Materials used for structural frame

All reinforced concrete including precast slabs All metal (e.g. mild-steel, structural steel, stainless steel or
alloyed aluminum.)

Spanning Range

Reinforced members are adaptable up to 20m Spanning above 20m comes under long span structures
where we can use steel structures as truss, vaults etc.

23cm or 30 cm square column can support 4m to 8m max. Size of the column and depth of the beam should be
increased as the span increase

Reference

The Architect_'s Studio Companion, 3rd Edition

Structure - Section

Restaurant Retail Retail Basement parking Atrium

Multiplex Retail Retail

General floor to floor height for the shopping mall is 3.6m to 4 m including the 60 cm depth for HVAC duct. Multiplex floor to floor height is depends upon the capacity of the screen.

Cable and Tent roof structures

Suspension main cables are stranded from galvanized round wire with a minimum tensile strength of 1770N/mm2.

Khan Shatyr Sizzles in Asia (Kazakhstan)

Cable and Tent roof structures

These structures can be used over the plaza, OAT and in the open restaurant areas

Folded plates
Solar panel over the roof structure

Fabric diffused light membrane at Atrium

Arch and Truss

Steel frame network with glass panel at Atrium

Facade Structures

Facade Structures deals with the facade aesthetic treatment

MyZeil, Frankfurt Glass panel over the Steel Spider Web Frame Aluminum box for light weight projection

Facade Structures

Marg junction, Chennai Precast Concrete Pergola Steel Frame over roof for advertisement

Aesthetic Treatment of Structural Members

Articulation of Vertical members

Aesthetic Treatment of Structural Members

As functional element

Aesthetic Treatment of Structural Members

With Color Relationship

Conclusion

Adapazari Shopping Mall, Turkey

The grid system with 15m x 15m with square column size of 60cm 30cm square Column with 7.5m spacing

Material: RC Structure
Atrium: 30m Steel vault

Steel Frame glass via lit for walkway Folded plate roof and Treatment

Precast Concrete

Earthquake Disaster management

General section of Multistorey

Precautions Orientation of Rectangular Columns

Earthquake Disaster management

Hanging or Floating columns

Base Isolator

Considerations Stair s lifts exits

Maximum time for evacuation :
Provision of exit staircases 3 minutes

Exit to take people directly to the exit points provision of enough exit points to avoid overcrowding
Stairs and other exits shall be arranged to make clear the direction of egress to the street mechanical options of power for lifts

Structural Details

The following grades of concrete mix may be adopted or as required for safe design:

(a) For RCC columns in lowest few storeys : M35 (b) For RCC columns in the middle few storeys : M30 (c) For RCC columns in the top few storeys : M25 (d) For beams, slabs, staircase etc. : M20 (e) For raft foundation : M 20 or 25 (f) Max. Water cement Ratio : 0.45 (g) Minimum cement content : 300 kg/m3 of concrete. (h) Admixtures of approved brand may be used as per mix design

Source: IS code 1893(2001)

Structural Details
Foundation and basement structure should be concrete structure

For mild Exposure and fire rating of 1 hr. following clear covers may be adopted

(a) For foundation R.C.C.: i) Footings : 60 mm. 12

ii) Raft : 60 mm.

(b) For columns : 40 mm (c) For Beams : 25 mm or main bar dia. whichever is more.

(d) For Slab : 20 mm.

Source: IS code 1893(2001)

Inference

Shape should be as aerodynamic as possible.

The foundation of the house should be placed on leveled ground.

Regular shapes are a lot more stable than unusual ones. The material used should be concrete and fiber glass and as these are the best and most resistant materials in the construction field. Cantilevers should not have more than 3-4 feet in length or they should be avoided altogether. Columns are very dangerous and could easily collapse causing a lot of harm, which is why the distance between them should be as small as possible. Careful with the spearhead water tanks- as they affect the buildings stability. It is advisable that you use more than one tank and that you place them in different locations not to affect the center of gravity.