Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

y
x
24. 169x# b 25y# 4225 25 b 169 1
c a# c b# 169 c 25 12

y
#5

y
#

x
28. 9x# c 16y# 144 16 c y 1
9
c a# b b# 16 b 9 5;
asymptotes are y 3 x
4
#

30. y# c x# 4 y c x 1 c a# b b#
4
4
4 b 4 22; asymptotes are y x
#

29. y# c x# 8 y c x 1 c a# b b#
8
8
8 b 8 4; asymptotes are y x

asymptotes are y x

27. x# c y# 1 c a# b b# 1 b 1 2 ;

x
9

26. Foci: a! 4b , Vertices: a0 5b a 5, c 4 b# 25 c 16 9

x
4

25. Foci: 2 ! , Vertices: a 2 0b a 2, c 2 b# a# c c# 4 c 2 2

23. 6x# b 9y# 54 x b y 1

9
6
a# c b# 9 c 6 3
c

682

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.6 Conic Sections

683

31. 8x# c 2y# 16 x c y 1 c a# b b#

8
#
2 b 8 10 ; asymptotes are y 2x

32. y# c 3x# 3 y c x# 1 c a# b b#
3
3 b 1 2; asymptotes are y 3x

33. 8y# c 2x# 16 y c x 1 c a# b b#

8
#
2 b 8 10 ; asymptotes are y x

y
x
34. 64x# c 36y# 2304 36 c 64 1 c a# b b#
36 b 64 10; asymptotes are y 4

#
#

35. Foci: ! 2 , Asymptotes: y x c 2 and

a
b

1 a b c# a# b b# 2a# 2 2a#

a 1 b 1 y# c x# 1

"
3

a
3

4
3

c# a# b b# a# b

c y# 1

4
3

(3) 4

38. Vertices: a! 2b , Asymptotes: y 1 x a 2 and

2

a
b

1
2

b 2(2) 4

x
9
y
4

b
a

c
c

y
16

x
16

39. (a) y# 8x 4p 8 p 2 directrix is x c2,

focus is (# !), and vertex is (! 0); therefore the new
directrix is x c1, the new focus is (3 c2), and the
new vertex is (1 c2)

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

37. Vertices: a 3 0b , Asymptotes: y 4 x a 3 and

3

x
3

b
a

a# 3 a 3 b 1

4a
3

x c 2 and

1
1

a
3

"
3

4a
3

36. Foci: a 2 !b , Asymptotes: y

684

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

40. (a) x# c4y 4p 4 p 1 directrix is y 1,

focus is (! c1), and vertex is (! 0); therefore the new
directrix is y 4, the new focus is (c1 2), and the
new vertex is (c1 3)

x
16

y
9

41. (a)

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (c4 0)

(b)

(b)

and (% !); c a# c b# 7 foci are 7 0

and c7 ! ; therefore the new center is (% $), the
new vertices are (! 3) and (8 3), and the new foci are
4 7 $

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (0 5)

and (0 c5); c a# c b# 16 4 foci are
x
9

y
25
#

42. (a)

(b)

(! 4) and (! c4) ; therefore the new center is (c3 c2),

the new vertices are (c3 3) and (c3 c7), and the new
foci are (c3 2) and (c3 c6)

x
16

y
9

43. (a)

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (c4 0)

(b)

and (4 0), and the asymptotes are or

y 3x ; c a# b b# 25 5 foci are
4
x
4

y
3

(c5 0) and (5 0) ; therefore the new center is (2 0), the

new vertices are (c2 0) and (6 0), the new foci
are (c3 0) and (7 0), and the new asymptotes are
y

3(x c 2)
4

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.6 Conic Sections

x
5

y
4

44. (a)

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (0 c2)

and (0 2), and the asymptotes are

y

2x
5

y
2

x
5

685

(b)

or

; c a# b b# 9 3 foci are

(0 3) and (0 c3) ; therefore the new center is (0 c2),

the new vertices are (0 c4) and (0 0), the new foci
are (0 1) and (0 c5), and the new asymptotes are
2x
y b 2 5

45. y# 4x 4p 4 p 1 focus is (" 0), directrix is x c1, and vertex is (0 0); therefore the new
vertex is (c2 c3), the new focus is (c1 c3), and the new directrix is x c3; the new equation is
(y b 3)# 4(x b 2)
46. y# c12x 4p 12 p 3 focus is (c3 0), directrix is x 3, and vertex is (0 0); therefore the new
vertex is (4 3), the new focus is (1 3), and the new directrix is x 7; the new equation is (y c 3)# c12(x c 4)
47. x# 8y 4p 8 p 2 focus is (0 2), directrix is y c2, and vertex is (0 0); therefore the new
vertex is (1 c7), the new focus is (1 c5), and the new directrix is y c9; the new equation is
(x c 1)# 8(y b 7)
3
focus is ! # , directrix is y c 3 , and vertex is (0 0); therefore the new
#
vertex is (c3 c2), the new focus is c3 c " , and the new directrix is y c 7 ; the new equation is
#
#

48. x# 6y 4p 6 p

3
#

(x b 3)# 6(y b 2)
x
6

y
9

49.

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (0 3) and (! c3); c a# c b# 9 c 6 3 foci are ! 3

and ! c3 ; therefore the new center is (c# c1), the new vertices are (c2 2) and (c# c4), and the new foci

x
2

50.

(x b 2)
6

(y b 1)
9

are c# c1 3 ; the new equation is

b y# 1 center is (! 0), vertices are 2 ! and c2 ! ; c a# c b# 2 c 1 1 foci are

(c1 0) and (" !); therefore the new center is (3 4), the new vertices are 3 2 4 , and the new foci are (2 4)

x
3

y
#

51.

(x c 3)
#

and (4 4); the new equation is

b (y c 4)# 1

1 center is (! 0), vertices are 3 ! and c3 ! ; c a# c b# 3 c 2 1 foci are

(c1 0) and (" !); therefore the new center is (2 3), the new vertices are 2 3 3 , and the new foci are (1 3)

y
#5
#

x
16

52.

(x c 2)
3

(y c 3)
#

and (3 3); the new equation is

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (! &) and (! c5); c a# c b# 25 c 16 3 foci are

(0 3) and (0 c3); therefore the new center is (c4 c5), the new vertices are (c4 0) and (c4 c10), and the new

y
5

x
4

53.

(x b 4)
16

(y b 5)
#5

foci are (c4 c2) and (c4 c8); the new equation is

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (2 0) and (c2 0); c a# b b# 4 b 5 3 foci are ($ !) and

(c3 0); the asymptotes are

x
#

y
5

5x
#

; therefore the new center is (2 2), the new vertices are

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

686

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

(4 2) and (0 2), and the new foci are (5 2) and (c1 2); the new asymptotes are y c 2

y
9

x
16

54.

(y c 2)
5

equation is

(x c 2)
4

5 (x c 2)
#

; the new

1 center is (! 0), vertices are (4 0) and (c4 0); c a# b b# 16 b 9 5 foci are (c5 !)

and (5 0); the asymptotes are

x
4

y
3

3x
4

; therefore the new center is (c5 c1), the new vertices are

(c1 c1) and (c9 c1), and the new foci are (c10 c1) and (0 c1); the new asymptotes are y b 1
c

(y b 1)
9

the new equation is

(x b 5)
16

3(x b 5)
4

55. y# c x# 1 center is (! 0), vertices are (0 1) and (0 c1); c a# b b# 1 b 1 2 foci are

! 2 ; the asymptotes are y x; therefore the new center is (c1 c1), the new vertices are (c1 0) and
(c1 c2), and the new foci are c1 c1 2 ; the new asymptotes are y b 1 (x b 1); the new equation is
(y b 1)# c (x b 1)# 1
y
3

56.

c x# 1 center is (! 0), vertices are 0 3 and ! c3 ; c a# b b# 3 b 1 2 foci are (! #)

and (! c2); the asymptotes are x

y
3

y 3x; therefore the new center is (1 3), the new vertices are

" $ 3 , and the new foci are (" &) and (1 1); the new asymptotes are y c 3 3 (x c 1); the new equation is
#

(y c 3)
3

c (x c 1)# 1

57. x# b 4x b y# 12 x# b 4x b 4 b y# 12 b 4 (x b 2)# b y# 16; this is a circle: center at C(c2 0), a 4

58. 2x# b 2y# c 28x b 12y b 114 0 x# c 14x b 49 b y# b 6y b 9 c57 b 49 b 9 (x c 7)# b (y b 3)# 1;
this is a circle: center at C(7 c3), a 1
59. x# b 2x b 4y c 3 0 x# b 2x b 1 c4y b 3 b 1 (x b 1)# c4(y c 1); this is a parabola: V(c1 1), F(c1 0)
60. y# c 4y c 8x c 12 0 y# c 4y b 4 8x b 12 b 4 (y c 2)# 8(x b 2); this is a parabola: V(c# 2), F(! #)
(x b 2)
5

61. x# b 5y# b 4x 1 x# b 4x b 4 b 5y# 5 (x b 2)# b 5y# 5

b y# 1; this is an ellipse: the

center is (c2 0), the vertices are c2 5 0 ; c a# c b# 5 c 1 2 the foci are (c4 0) and (! 0)
x
6

(y b 3)
9

62. 9x# b 6y# b 36y 0 9x# b 6 ay# b 6y b 9b 54 9x# b 6(y b 3)# 54

1; this is an ellipse:

the center is (0 c3), the vertices are (! 0) and (! c6); c a# c b# 9 c 6 3 the foci are 0 c3 3
63. x# b 2y# c 2x c 4y c1 x# c 2x b 1 b 2 ay# c 2y b 1b 2 (x c 1)# b 2(y c 1)# 2
(xc1) b (y c 1)# 1; this is an ellipse: the center is (1 1), the vertices are " 2 " ;
#

c a# c b# 2 c 1 1 the foci are (2 1) and (0 1)

64. 4x# b y# b 8x c 2y c1 4 ax# b 2x b 1b b y# c 2y b 1 4 4(x b 1)# b (y c 1)# 4
(yc1)
4

(x b 1)# b

1; this is an ellipse: the center is (c1 1), the vertices are (c1 3) and

(c1 c1); c a# c b# 4 c 1 3 the foci are c1 " 3

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.6 Conic Sections

65. x# c y# c 2x b 4y 4 x# c 2x b 1 c ay# c 4y b 4b 1 (x c 1)# c (y c 2)# 1; this is a hyperbola:
the center is (1 2), the vertices are (2 2) and (! 2); c a# b b# 1 b 1 2 the foci are 1 2 # ;
the asymptotes are y c 2 (x c 1)
66. x# c y# b 4x c 6y 6 x# b 4x b 4 c ay# b 6y b 9b 1 (x b 2)# c (y b 3)# 1; this is a hyperbola:
the center is (c2 c3), the vertices are (c1 c3) and (c3 c3); c a# b b# 1 b 1 2 the foci are
c2 2 c3 ; the asymptotes are y b 3 (x b 2)
c

1; this is a hyperbola: the center is (! $),

x
3

(y c 3)
6

67. 2x# c y# b 6y 3 2x# c ay# c 6y b 9b c6

the vertices are ! 3 6 ; c a# b b# 6 b 3 3 the foci are (0 6) and (! 0); the asymptotes are
y 2x b 3

x
3

68. y# c 4x# b 16x 24 y# c 4 ax# c 4x b 4b 8

y
8

(x c 2)
2

y c3
6

1; this is a hyperbola: the center is (2 0),

the vertices are 2 8 ; c a# b b# 8 b 2 10 the foci are 2 10 ; the asymptotes are

x c2
2

y 2(x c 2)

69. (a) y# kx x

y
k

; the volume of the solid formed by

revolving R" about the y-axis is V" '0

'0

1
k

kx

y% dy

1x kx
5
#

kx

1 y dy
k
#

y
8

; the volume of the right

circular cylinder formed by revolving PQ about the

y-axis is V# 1x# kx the volume of the solid
formed by revolving R# about the y-axis is
41x kx
5
#

V$ V# c V"

. Therefore we can see the

ratio of V$ to V" is 4:1.

(b) The volume of the solid formed by revolving R# about the x-axis is V" '0 1 kt dt 1k'0 t dt
#

1kx
#

. The volume of the right circular cylinder formed by revolving PS about the x-axis is
#

V# 1 kx x 1kx# the volume of the solid formed by revolving R" about the x-axis is

x b C
#

wx
2H

w
H

. Therefore the ratio of V$ to V" is 1:1.

b C; y 0 when x 0 0

w(0)
2H

x dx

1kx
#

b C C 0; therefore y

wx
2H

w
H

70. y '

1kx
#

V$ V# c V" 1kx# c

is the

equation of the cable's curve

71. x# 4py and y p x# 4p# x 2p. Therefore the line y p cuts the parabola at points (c2p p) and
(2p p), and these points are [2p c (c2p)]# b (p c p)# 4p units apart.

a
x b x c a
#

b
a x lim
_

x c x c a x b x c a
#

x c ax c a b

x b x c a

x b x c a
#

b
a x lim
_

b
a x lim
_

x c x# c a#

b
a x lim
_

72. x lim b x c b x# c a#
a
_ a

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

687

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

on the interval 0 x 2. The area of the inscribed rectangle is given by
(since the length is 2x and the height is 2y)

. Thus Aw (x) 0 41 c

x
1c x4
#

x
4

x
4

x
4

Aw (x) 41 c

4x1 c

x
1c x4
#

x
4

A(x) 2x 21 c

0 4 1 c

x
4

x
4

73. Let y 1 c

688

c x# 0 x# 2

x 2 (only the positive square root lies in the interval). Since A(0) A(2) 0 we have that A 2 4
is the maximum area when the length is 22 and the height is 2.
74. (a) Around the x-axis: 9x# b 4y# 36 y# 9 c 9 x# y 9 c 9 x# and we use the positive root
4
4
#

V 2 '0 1 9 c 9 x# dx 2 '0 1 9 c 9 x# dx 21 <9x c 3 x$ ! 241

4
4
4
2

(b) Around the y-axis: 9x# b 4y# 36 x# 4 c 4 y# x 4 c 4 y# and we use the positive root
9
9
#

V 2'0 1 4 c 4 y# dy 2 '0 1 4 c 4 y# dy 21 <4y c

9
9
3

91
4

'24 ax# c 4b dx 941 x3

4
27

y$ ! 161

3
3
y # x# c 4 on the interval 2 x 4 V '2 1 # x# c 4 dx
#

9x c 36
4
#

75. 9x# c 4y# 36 y#

c 4x
#

91
4

< 64 c 16 c 8 c 8
3
3

91
4

56 c 8
3

31
4

(56 c 24) 241

76. Let P" (cp y" ) be any point on x cp, and let P(x y) be a point where a tangent intersects y# 4px. Now

#
"

"

dy
dx

"

"

77. (x c 2)# b (y c 1)# 5 2(x c 2) b 2(y c 1)

m" m#

dy
dx

4p
y c ay b 4p b
"

2p
y cy b 4p

the lines are perpendicular

and m#

"

2p
y b y b 4p

dy
dx

"
#

2p
y

y# b 2p#

y" y# b 4p# . Therefore the slopes of the two

#

tangents from P" are m"

2y 4y b 16p
#
"

y# c yy" c 2p# 0 y

"

"
#

y
, we have y# c yy" 2p 4p b 2p# y# c yy"
#

y
4p

y# c yy" 2px b 2p# . Since x

ycy
x c (cp)

; then the slope of a tangent line from P" is

2p
y

"

dy
dx

4p

dy
dx

"

y# 4px 2y

c1

x 2
c yc1 ; y 0 (x c 2)# b (0 c 1)# 5
c

(x c 2)# 4 x 4 or x 0 the circle crosses the x-axis at (4 0) and (! 0); x 0

(0 c 2)# b (y c 1)# 5 (y c 1)# 1 y 2 or y 0 the circle crosses the y-axis at (! 2) and (! !).
At (4 0):
At (! !):
At (! #):

4 2
c 0c1 2 the tangent line is y 2(x c 4) or y 2x c 8
c

dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx

0 2
c 0c1 c2 the tangent line is y c2x
c

0 2
c 2c1 2 the tangent line is y c 2 2x or y 2x b 2
c

78. x# c y# 1 x 1 b y# on the interval c3 y 3 V ' 3 1 1 b y# dy 2'0 1 1 b y# dy

3

vertical strip:

16
9

16 c
a b :x
x y
#

16 c 16 x
9
#

x# on the interval c3 x 3. Since the plate is symmetric about the y-axis, x 0. For a

mass dm $ dA $16 c
dm
y

241

$ 16 c

16
9

16
9

16
9

79. Let y 16 c

y
3

21'0 a1 b y# b dy 21 y b

; , length 16 c

16
9

x# , width dx area dA 16 c

x# dx. Moment of the strip about the x-axis:

8
x# dx $ 8 c 9 x# dx so the moment of the plate about the x-axis is

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

16
9

x# dx

Section 11.7 Conics in Polar Coordinates

Mx ' dm ' 3 $ 8 c 8 x# dx $ <8x c
y
9
3

"
x# dx ' 3 4$ 1 c 3 x dx 4$ ' 1 31 c u# du where u
3

16
9

x$ c$ 32$ ; also the mass of the plate is

c

M ' 3 $ 16 c

8
27

689

x
3

3 du dx; x c3

u c1 and x 3 u 1. Hence, 4$ ' 1 31 c u# du 12$ ' 1 1 c u# du

x
x b 1

dy
dx

16
31

16
. Therefore the center of mass is ! 31 .

x
x b1

dy
1 b dx 1 b

#
#

" uu# b 1 b ln u b u# b 1
2
!

1
2

25 b ln 2 b 5

#
#

81. (a) tan " mL tan " f w (x! ) where f(x) 4px ;
tan "

2p
p y

2p(x b p)
y (x b p)
!

4px c 2px b 2p
y (x b p)

2p
y
!

1 b x

2p
cy

c!
!

y c 2p(x c p)
y (x c p b 2p)

2p
4px

!
#

tan 9 c tan "

1 b tan 9 tan "

c!
!

(c) tan !

f w (x! )

2p
y .
y c0
y
x cp x cp
!

(b) tan 9 mFP

2p
4px

2p
y

(4px)c"# (4p)

"
#

f w (x)

11.7 CONICS IN POLAR COORDINATES

y
x
1. 16x# b 25y# 400 #5 b 16 1 c a# c b#
25 c 16 3 e c 3 ; F a 3 0b ;
a
5
#

directrices are x 0

a
e

5
3
5

25
3

x
2. 7x# b 16y# 112 16 b y 1 c a# c b#
7
16 c 7 3 e c 3 ; F a 3 0b ;
a
4
#

a
e

directrices are x 0

x
x b1

dy
b
21y1 b dx dx '0 21x# b 1 2x b 11 dx '0 212x# b 1 dx ;
x

2
'02 u# b 1 du 1

21
2

32$
61$

u 2x

du 2 dx

(2x)

c"#

Mx
M

b
2x b 11 S '0
x

ax# b 1b

61$ y

"
#

dy
dx

c"

80. y x# b 1

"

12$ " u1 c u# b sinc" u

2

4
3
4

16
3

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

690

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

3. 2x# b y# 2 x# b y 1 c a# c b#
2
2 c 1 1 e c 1 ; F a0 1b ;

2
a
#

a
e

1
2

1 c a# c b#

y
4

4 c 2 2 e
directrices are y 0

c
a

2
2

; F 0 2 ;
2 2

x
#

4. 2x# b y# 4

a
e

directrices are y 0

5. 3x# b 2y# 6 x b y 1 c a# c b#
3
#
1
3 c 2 1 e c 3 ; F a0 1b ;
a
#

a
e

directrices are y 0

x
6. 9x# b 10y# 90 10 b y 1 c a# c b#
9
10 c 9 1 e c 1 ; F a 1 0b ;

10
a
#

y
6

9 c 6 3 e
directrices are x 0

a
e

10

10

10

1 c a# c b#
c
a

3
3
3

x
9

7. 6x# b 9y# 54

a
e

directrices are x 0

; F 3 0 ;
3 3

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.7 Conics in Polar Coordinates

691

y
x
8. 169x# b 25y# 4225 25 b 169 1 c a# c b#
169 c 25 12 e c 12 ; F a0 12b ;
#

13

169
12

c
e

3
0.5

6 b# 36 c 9 27

10. Foci: a 8 0b , e 0.2 c 8 and a

c
e

8
0.#

40 b# 1600 c 64 1536

y
36
#

x
#7

x
1600

y
1536

11. Vertices: a0 70b , e 0.1 a 70 and c ae 70(0.1) 7 b# 4900 c 49 4851

12. Vertices: a 10 0b , e 0.24 a 10 and c ae 10(0.24) 2.4 b# 100 c 5.76 94.24

x# c

16
3

18
5

xb

c ae 4 and

(x c 4)# b (y c 0)#
xb

256
9

"
4

81
5

x# b y#

16
3

3
#

x c

x
64
3
#

PF

#3 PD
3 #
32
4 x c 3

5
9

4
9

5
3

a
e

16
3

16
3

ae
e

16
3

ae
e

x c

x# b y# 4

y
16
3

9
5

5
e

x
100

e#

9
5
#

9
5

x c 5 b y#

y
94.24

y
4

4
e
3
4

16
3

e#

16 #
3

x c

5
9

3
4

x c

3
#

. Then

1
2

PD x b 2 b (y c 0)#

x b 22 x# b 22 x b 2 b y#

"
#

2 2

1
2

ae
e

2 2

2
e

2 2 e#

x b 22 x b 2 b y#

x# b 42 x b 8

"
#

x# b y# 2

x
4

"
#

. Then PF

a
e

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

y
#

1
2

. Then

y
48

16. Focus: c2 ! , Directrix: x c22 c ae 2 and

e

1
#

x
64
#

x# b y# 48

3
4

ax# b 32x b 256b

9
5

x# c 8x b 16 b y#

1
4

5
9

"
15. Focus: (c% 0), Directrix: x c16 c ae 4 and a 16 ae 16 e4 16 e# 4 e
e
e
PF 1 PD (x b 4)# b (y c 0)# 1 kx b 16k (x b 4)# b y# 1 (x b 16)# x# b 8x b 16 b y#

y
4900

x
9

(x c 4)# b y#
#

14. Focus: (% 0), Directrix: x

PD x c 5 b (y c 0)#

x# c 25 x b 5 b y#

9
5

5
3

. Then PF

a
e

5
3

c ae 5 and

9
5

13. Focus: 5 ! , Directrix: x

x
4851

9. Foci: a0 3b , e 0.5 c 3 and a

13
12
13

a
e

directrices are y 0

"
#

692

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

17. x# c y# 1 c a# b b# 1 b 1 2 e

2
1

c
a

2 ; asymptotes are y x; F 2 ! ;

directrices are x 0

a
e

"
2

x
18. 9x# c 16y# 144 16 c y 1 c a# b b#
9
16 b 9 5 e c 5 ; asymptotes are
a
4
#

y 3 x; F a 5 !b ; directrices are x 0
4

a
e

"6
5

19. y# c x# 8 y c x 1 c a# b b#
8
8
4
8 b 8 4 e c 8 2 ; asymptotes are
a
#

y x; F a0 4b ; directrices are y 0
2

20. y# c x# 4

y
4

8
2

x
4

a
e

1 c a# b b#

4 b 4 2 2 e

c
a

2 2
2

2 ; asymptotes

are y x; F 0 22 ; directrices are y 0

2

21. 8x# c 2y# 16

x
2

2
2

y
8

a
e

2 b 8 10 e

1 c a# b b#
c
a

10
2

5 ; asymptotes

are y 2x; F 10 ! ; directrices are x 0

2
5

a
e

2
10

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.7 Conics in Polar Coordinates

693

22. y# c 3x# 3 y c x# 1 c a# b b#
3
2
3 b 1 2 e c 3 ; asymptotes are
a
#

y 3 x; F a0 2b ; directrices are y 0
2
3

3
#

23. 8y# c 2x# 16

y
2

x
8

a
e

2 b 8 10 e

1 c a# b b#
c
a

10
2

5 ; asymptotes

are y x ; F 0 10 ; directrices are y 0

#

2
5

a
e

2
10

y
x
24. 64x# c 36y# 2304 36 c 64 1 c a# b b#
5
36 b 64 10 e c 10 3 ; asymptotes are
a
6
#

y 4 x; F a 10 !b ; directrices are x 0
3

6
5
3

a
e

18
5

25. Vertices a! 1b and e 3 a 1 and e

c
a

3 c 3a 3 b# c# c a# 9 c 1 8 y# c

x
8

26. Vertices a 2 !b and e 2 a 2 and e

c
a

2 c 2a 4 b# c# c a# 16 c 4 12

y
1#

y
8

x
9

1.25

5
4

5
4

a 5

5
4

a a 4 b# c# c a#

29. e 1, x 2 k 2 r

2(1)
1 b (1) cos )

2
1bcos )

30. e 1, y 2 k 2 r

2(1)
1 b (1) sin )

2
1bsin )

31. e 5, y c6 k 6 r

6(5)
1 c 5 sin )

32. e 2, x 4 k 4 r

4(2)
1 b 2 cos )

33. e " , x 1 k 1 r
#

(1)
1 b cos )

30
1c5 sin )

8
1b2 cos )

1
2bcos )

#
"
#
"

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

y
16

c
a

3 c 3a a 1 b# c# c a# 9 c 1 8 x# c

c
a

28. Foci a! 5b and e 1.25 c 5 and e

25 c 16 9

27. Foci a 3 !b and e 3 c 3 and e

x
4

694

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

4 (2)
1 c 4 cos )

"
34. e 4 , x c2 k 2 r

"

"

5 (10)
1 c 5 sin )

35. e " , y c10 k 10 r

5

2
4ccos )

10
5csin )

6
3bsin )

e 1, k 1 x 1

3
1 b cos )
#
"

6
2 b cos )

"

38. r

3 (6)
1 b 3 sin )
"

"
1 b cos )

"

37. r

"

36. e " , y 6 k 6 r
3

"
#

, k 6 x 6;

a a1 c e# b ke a 1 c " 3
#

3
4

a3

a 4 ea 2

25
10 c 5 cos )
"
#

40. r

4
2c2 cos )

41. r

400
16 b 8 sin )
"
#

5
1 c cos )

, k 5 x c5; a a1 c e# b ke

a 1 c "
#

25
10

5
1 c 10 cos )

5
#

2
1ccos )

3
4

5
#

10
3

400
16

25
1 b sin )

, k 50 y 50; a a1 c e# b ke
#

ea

5
3

e 1, k 2 x c2

8
1 b 16 sin )

a 1 c " 25
#

ea

3
4

a 25 a

#
"

#
"
#

39. r

100
3

50
3

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Section 11.7 Conics in Polar Coordinates

42. r

12
3 b 3 sin )

4
1 b sin )

e 1,

43. r

k4 y4

4
2 c sin )

4
1 c sin )

e 1,

k 4 y c4

2
1 c sin )
#
"

44. r

8
2 c 2 sin )

"
#

,k4
#

y c4; a a1 c e# b ke a 1 c " 2
#

3
4

a2 a

8
3

ea

4
3

45. r cos ) c 1 2 r cos ) cos 1 b sin ) sin 1

4
4
4
2 " r cos ) b " r sin ) 2 " x b

"
2

2 x b y 2 y 2 c x

46. r cos ) b
c

31
4

1 r cos ) cos

2
2

r cos ) c
y cx c 2

47. r cos ) c

21
3

3
2

c sin ) sin

31
4

r sin ) 1 x b y c2

3 r cos ) cos

c r cos ) b
1
2

2
2

31
4

21
3

b sin ) sin
"
#

r sin ) 3 c x b

cx b 3 y 6 y

3
3

3
#

21
3

y3

x b 2 3

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

695

696

Chapter 11 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

48. r cos ) b 1 2 r cos ) cos

3

1
2

r cos ) c

3
2

r sin ) 2

x c 3 y 4 y

3
3

1
3

c sin ) sin 1 2
3

"
#

xc

xc

4 3
3

3
#

y2

49. 2 x b 2 y 6 2 r cos ) b 2 r sin ) 6 r #2 cos ) b

2
#

sin ) 3 r cos

1
4

cos ) b sin

3 r cos ) c 1 3
4

50. 3 x c y 1 3 r cos ) c r sin ) 1 r #3 cos ) c

"
#

r cos ) b 1
6

1
#

sin )

"
#

r cos

1
6

cos ) c sin

1
6

sin )

"
#

51. y c5 r sin ) c5 cr sin ) 5 r sin (c)) 5 r cos 1 c (c)) 5 r cos ) b 1 5

#
#
52. x c4 r cos ) c4 cr cos ) 4 r cos () c 1) 4
53.

54.

55.

56.

57. (x c 6)# b y# 36 C (6 0), a 6

r 12 cos ) is the polar equation

58. (x b 2)# b y# 4 C (c2 0), a 2

r c4 cos ) is the polar equation

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

1
4

sin )

Section 11.7 Conics in Polar Coordinates

59. x# b (y c 5)# 25 C (! 5), a 5
r 10 sin ) is the polar equation

60. x# b (y b 7)# 49 C (! c7), a 7

r c14 sin ) is the polar equation

61. x# b 2x b y# 0 (x b 1)# b y# 1
C (c1 0), a 1 r c2 cos ) is
the polar equation

62. x# c 16x b y# 0 (x c 8)# b y# 64

C (8 0), a 8 r 16 cos ) is the
polar equation

#
"
63. x# b y# b y 0 x# b y b " 4
#
C ! c " , a " r csin ) is the
#
#

4
2 #
4
64. x# b y# c 3 y 0 x# b y c 3 9
C 0 2 , a 2 r 4 sin ) is the
3
3
3

polar equation

65.

polar equation

66.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

697