Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

Section 6.
6 Moments and Centers of Mass
369
(b) Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one

used in Exercise 1, we find that x 0. The typical
vertical strip has the same parameters as in part (a).
3
Thus, M ' dm ' $ a9 c x# b dx
y
x
$
0 #
#'
a9 c x# b dx 2(9$ ) 18$ ;
M ' dm ' $ dA $ ' dA

1
$ (Area of a semi-circle of radius 3) $ 92 91$ . Therefore, y
2
4
as in part (a) (x y) 0 1 is the center of mass.
Mx
M
2
(18$ ) 91$
4
1
, the same y
11. Since the plate is symmetric about the line x y and its
density is constant, the distribution of mass is symmetric
about this line. This means that x y. The typical @/<>3-+6
strip has
center of mass: ( ) x 3 b 9 c x ,
x y
#
length: 3 c 9 c x# , width: dx,

area: dA 3 c 9 c x# dx,
mass: dm $ dA $ 3 c 9 c x# dx.
The moment about the x-axis is
#
$
#
dx
c9 c a9 c x# bd dx
$x
#
3 b 9 c x 3 c 9 c x
dx. Thus, Mx '0
$x
#
dm $
y
dx
$
6
cx$ d !
#
9$
#
equals the area of a square with side length 3 minus one quarter the area of a disk with radius 3 A 3 c
9
4
9$
4
(4 c 1) M $ A
(4 c 1). Therefore, y
9#$ 9$(44c 1)
Mx
M
2
4c1
. The area
19
4
2
2
(x y) 4 c 1 4 c 1 is the
center of mass.
12. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used
in Exercise 1, we find that y 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip
"
c c x
2
x
2$
x
cx
#
9 (x 0),
, width: dx, area: dA
2
x
"
x
$
"
length:
$
"
has center of mass: ( ) x

x y
dx,
mass: dm $ dA dx. The moment about the y-axis is

dm x 2$ dx 2$ dx. Thus, M ' dm ' a 2$ dx
x
x
y
x
x
1 x
$
"
2
'1 x ax# b x dx '1
2
$ aa c 1b
a
. Therefore,
(x y) a 2a 1 0 . Also, a lim x 2.
b
_
2
$ x dx
2
x
x2
#
"
dx $ <c x " $ c a" b 1
13. Mx ' dm '1

y
2a
ab1
2$
x
$
2$(aac 1) $ aaa c 1b
My
M
; M ' dm '1
2$ (ac1)
a
"
2$ <c x " 2$ c " b 1
a
dx 2'1 xc# dx
2
2 ccxc" d " 2 <c " c (c1) 2 " 1;

#
#
2
My ' dm '1 x $ x dx
x
2
2
'1 x ax# b x dx 2'1 x dx 2 x
#
2
#
"
2
2
#
2 2 c " 4 c 1 3; M ' dm '1 $ x dx '1 x# x dx 2'1 dx 2[x]" 2(2 c 1) 2. So
#
2
My
M
3
#
and y
Mx
M
"
#
(x y) 3 " is the center of mass.

# #
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
370
Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals
14. We use the @/<>3-+6 strip approach:

1
M ' dm ' ax b x b ax c x# b $ dx
y
#
'0 ax# c x% b 12x dx

1
6'0 ax$ c x& b dx 6 x c

4
%
"
6 " c 6
4
6
4
c1
"
#
x
6
"
!
My ' dm '0 x ax c x# b $ dx '0 ax# c x$ b 12x dx 12'0 ax$ c x% b dx 12 x c

x
4
My
M
; M ' dm '0 ax c x# b $ dx 12'0 ax# c x$ b dx

1
3
5
and y
Mx
M
"
#
12 x
3
3
5
x
4
12
#0
"
"
12 3
x
5
&
'
"
#
"
4
"
"
12 " c 5
4
!
12
12
1. So
3
5 " is the center of mass.
#
shell
shell
4
4
15. (a) We use the shell method: V 'a 21 radius height dx '1 21x x c c x dx 161'1
b
%
2
161'1 x"# dx 161 < 2 x$# " 161 2 8 c 3
3
3
4
321
3
(8 c 1)
(b) Since the plate is symmetric about the x-axis and its density $ (x)
"
x
x
x
dx
2241
3
is a function of x alone, the distribution of its
mass is symmetric about the x-axis. This means that y 0. We use the vertical strip approach to find x:
4
4
4
%
4
4
8
"
My ' dm '1 x x c c x $ dx '1 x x x dx 8'1 xc"# dx 8 <2x"# " 8(2 2 c 2) 16;
x
4
c
"
M ' dm '1 x c 4 $ dx 8'1 x " dx 8'1 xc$# dx 8 <c2xc"# " 8[c1 c (c2)] 8.
x
x
4
So x
My
M
16
8
2 (x y) (2 0) is the center of mass.
(c)
4
"
16. (a) We use the disk method: V 'a 1R# (x) dx '1 1 x dx 41'1 xc# dx 41 <c x " 41 < c" c (c1)
4
b
c
2'1 xc$# dx 2 2 2[c1 c (c2)] 2; My ' dm '1 x
x
x
%
"
2 < 16
3
2
3
My
M
2
x
2
x
2
2
x $ dx '1
2
x
x dx
$ dx 2'1 x"# dx 2 2x3

4
4
4
4
2
' dm ' x $ dx 2' x dx 2' xc"# dx 2 <2x"# % 2(4 c 2) 4.
"
1
1 x
1
28 ; M
3
28
7
3
4 3 and
Mx
M
2
4
"
#
(x y) 7 " is the center of mass.

3 #
#$
(b) We model the distribution of mass with vertical strips: Mx ' dm '1
y
1[c1 b 4] 31
%
"
So
Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass

(c)
17. The mass of a horizontal strip is dm $ dA $ L dy, where L is the width of the triangle at a distance of y above
(h c y). Thus, Mx ' dm '0 $ y b (h c y) dy
y
h
h
h c
#
$
h
3
$b
h
h
2
$
#
h c
"
$ bh# " c 3
#
$ bh
2
. So y
Mx
M
$ bh
6
'0h ahy c y# b dy $hb hy

#
b
; M ' dm '0 $ h (h c y) dy
h
$bh
6
$b
h
$b
h
2
$bh
h
3
hcy
h
$b
h
'0
ah c yb dy
y
3
$b
h
hy c
the center of mass lies above the base of the
triangle one-third of the way toward the opposite vertex. Similarly the other two sides of the triangle can be
placed on the x-axis and the same results will occur. Therefore the centroid does lie at the intersection of the
medians, as claimed.
18. From the symmetry about the y-axis it follows that x 0.
It also follows that the line through the points (! !) and
(! $) is a median y " (3 c 0) 1 (x y) (! ").
3
19. From the symmetry about the line x y it follows that

x y. It also follows that the line through the points (! !)
"
and " " is a median y x 2 " c 0 3
# #
3
#
" "
(x y) 3 3 .
20. From the symmetry about the line x y it follows that
x y. It also follows that the line through the point (! !)
a a
2 a
and # # is a median y x 3 # c 0 " a
3
a a
(x y) 3 3 .
21. The point of intersection of the median from the vertex (0 b)
a
to the opposite side has coordinates ! #
b
a
2
a
y (b c 0) " 3 and x # c ! 3 3
3
a b
(x y) 3 3 .
22. From the symmetry about the line x
a
#
it follows that
x
It also follows that the line through the points
a
a
b
# ! and # b is a median y " (b c 0) 3
3
a
#.
a
(x y) # b .
3
y
2
b
h
L
b
its base on the x-axis as shown in the figure in the text. Also, by similar triangles we have
371
372

"
#
23. y x"# dy
xc"# dx
"
4x
ds (dx)# b (dy)# 1 b
Mx $ '0 x 1 b
2
$ '0 x b
2
"
4
dx
"
4x
dx
2$
3
" $#
x b 4
dx ;
#
!
$#
" $#
2 b " c 4
4
2$
3
2$ 9 $#
3 4
"
c 4
$#
2$
3
"
27 c 8
8
13$
6
24. y x$ dy 3x# dx
dx (dx)# b a3x# dxb# 1 b 9x% dx;
Mx $ '0 x$ 1 b 9x% dx;
1
"
36
[u 1 b 9x% du 36x$ dx
du x$ dx;
x 0 u 1, x 1 u 10]
10$# c 1
25. From Example 4 we have Mx '0 a(a sin ))(k sin )) d) a# k'0 sin# ) d)
; My '0 a(a cos ))(k sin )) d) a# k '0 sin ) cos ) d)
1
My
M
0 and y
"
k
a 2 1 2ak
Mx
M
2ak. Therefore, x
a1
4
a k
#
#
a k1
#
a k
#
'0
(1 c cos 2)) d)
a k
#
<) c
1
! a4 is the center of mass.
26. Mx ' dm '0 (a sin )) $ a d)

y
1
'0 aa# sin )b a1 b k kcos )kb d)

1
a# '0 (sin ))(1 b k cos )) d)

2
b a# ' 2 (sin ))(1 c k cos )) d)

1
a# '0 sin ) d) b a# k'0 sin ) cos ) d) b a# ' 2 sin ) d) c a# k ' 2 sin ) cos ) d)
#
k "
#
!
#
1
1#
"
#
a [0 c (c1)] b a
c 0 b a [c(c1) c 0] c a k 0 c
a# b a#k b a# b
M ' dm ' (a cos )) $ a d) ' aa# cos )b a1 b k kcos )kb d)
x
1
a k
#
a k
#
a# (1 c 0) b
<) b
sin 2) 1#
#
!
b a# [sin )]1# c
1
cos ) d) c a# k' 2 1 b cos 2) d)

#
a k
#
< 1 c 0 c (! b 0) b a# (0 c 1) c
#
<) b
a k
#
#
1#
a# [sin )]!
sin 2) 1
#
1#
<(1 b 0) c 1 b 0 a# b
#
a k1
4
#
c a# c
M '0 $ a d) a'0 (1 b k kcos )k) d) a '0 (1 b k cos )) d) b a' 2 (1 c k cos )) d)

1
b a[) c k sin )]1# a < 1 b k c 0 b a <(1 b 0) c 1 c k

1
#
#
b ak b a 1 b k a1 b 2ak a(1 b 2k). So x

#
My
M
0 and y
Mx
M
a (2 b k)
a(1 b #k)
#
a1
#
1#
a[) b k sin )]!
a(2 b k)
1 b #k
b ka
0 2ab #k is the center of mass.
1
a k1
4
#
cos ) d) b a# k ' 1 b cos 2) d) b a# '

#
(cos ))(1 c k cos )) d)

1
'0
(cos ))(1 b k cos )) d) b a '

#
a#
2a# b a# k a# (2 b k);
a '0
#
a k
#
b a# [c cos )]1# c a# k sin )

1
#
#
1#
b a# k sin )
#
1#
a# [c cos )]!
sin 2) 1
#
!
csin# )d ! 0; M '0 ak sin ) d) ak[c cos )]

1
$
54
0;
2
< 3 u$# "!
"
$
36
u"# du
"
36
10
Mx $ '1
373
27. faxb x b 6, gaxb x2 , faxb gaxb x b 6 x2

x2 c x c 6 0 x 3, x c2; $ 1
M ' 2 cax b 6b c x2 ddx < " x2 b 6x c 1 x3 c2
#
3
3
9 b 18 c 9 c 2 c 12 b 8
2
3
6
' 32 xcax b 6b c x2 ddx 125 ' 32 cx2 b 6x c x3 ddx
6
125 9
b 3x2 c 1 x4 c2
4
b 27 c
81
4
6 8
125 c 3
b 12 c 4 1 ; y
2
3 <1 3
1 5 3
2
125 3 x b 6x b 36x c 5 x c2
1 , 4 is the center of mass.
2
3
125 9
1
1256
b 54 b 108 c
3
' 32 1 ax b 6b2 c ax2 b2 dx 125 ' 32 cx2 b 12x b 36 c x4 ddx
2
6 <1 3
125 3 x
243
5
3 8
125 c 3
b 24 c 72 b
32
5
1
1256
125
6
28. faxb 2, gaxb x2 ax b 1b, faxb gaxb 2 x2 ax b 1b

x3 b x2 c 2 0 x 1; $ 1
M '0 c2 c x2 ax b 1bd dx '0 c2 c x3 c x2 d dx
1
<2x c " x4 c 1 x3 0 2 c
4
3
x
1
1712
12 < 2
17 x
12
17 1
"
4
c 1 c 0
3
17
12
'01 xc2 c x2 ax b 1bddx 12 '01 c2x c x4 c x3 ddx

17
1
c 1 x5 c 1 x4 0
5
4
6 <
17 4x
1
5
c 1 c 0
4
33
85 ;
1
1712
c 1 x7 c 1 x6 c 1 x5 0
7
3
5
6
'01 1 22 c ax2 ax b 1bb2 dx 17 '01 c4 c x6 c 2x5 c x4 ddx
2
6
17 4
1
7
1
3
c 1 c 0
5
698
595
33 ,
85
698
595
is the center of mass.
29. faxb x2 , gaxb x2 ax c 1b, faxb gaxb x2 x2 ax c 1b

x3 c 2x2 0 x 0, x 2; $ 1
M '0 cx2 c x2 ax c 1bddx '0 c2x2 c x3 ddx
2
< 2 x3 c " x4 0 16 c 4 c 0
3
4
3
x
1
4 3
3
'02 xcx2 c x2 ax c 1bddx 4 '02 c2x3 c x4 ddx
2
"
3 < 1 x4 c 5 x5 0 3 8 c
4 2
4
1
4 3
4
3
32
5
6
c 0 5;
28
8
"
'02 1 ax2 b2 c ax2 ax c 1bb2 dx 3 '02 c2x5 c x6 ddx 3 < 1 x6 c 7 x7 2 3 64 c "7 c 0 7
2
8
8 3
8 3
0

5 7
30. faxb 2 b sin x, gaxb 0, x 0, x 21; $ 1;
M '0 c2 b sin xddx c2x c cos xd21
0
21
a41 c 1b c a0 c 1b 41
x
1
41
'021 xc2 b sin x c 0ddx 411 '021 c2x b x sin xddx
'021 2x dx b 411 '021 x sin xdx
1
41
1
2 21
4 1 cx d 0
1
2
4 1 a 41 b
c0b
1
81
1
81 c4x
1
41 csin x
c x cos xd21
0
1
4 1 a0
c 21b c 0
21 c 1
2 ;
1
41
1
'021 2 a2 b sin xb2 c a0b2 dx 811 '021 c4 b 4 sin x b sin2 xddx
'021 c4 b 4 sin xddx b 811 '021 csin2 xddx 811 '021 c4 b 4 sin xddx b 811 '021 < 1 c cos 2x dx
2
c 4cos x b d21 b
0
1
161
1
'021 dx c 161 '021 cos 2x dx [u 2x du 2dx, x 0 u 0, x 21 u 41]
374
21
21
1
1
1
81 c4x c 4cos xd0 b 161 cxd0 c 321
1
1
1
81 a81 c 4b c 81 a0 c 4b b 161 a21b
1
1
'041 cos u du 811 c4x c 4cos xd21 b 161 cxd21 c 321 csin ud41
0
0
0
c0c0
9
8
c
9
212 1 , 8 is the center of mass.
31. Consider the curve as an infinite number of line segments joined together. From the derivation of arc length we have that
the length of a particular segment is ds adxb# b adyb# . This implies that Mx ' $ y ds, My ' $ x ds and
M ' $ ds. If $ is constant, then x
My
M
' x ds
' ds
' x ds
and y
length
Mx
M
' y ds
' ds
' y ds
length
32. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used in Exercise 1, we find that x 0. The typical vertical strip
a c
pa
x
4p
x
' 22 pa a# c 16p dx
pa
2a# $ pa 1 c
2
pa
dx $ ax c
x
12p 2 pa
8a$ pa
3
. So y
4a$ pa 12c4
1#
16
80
c"
2a# $ pa 8080 6
2 $ ax c
Mx
M
x
12p
pa
8a $ pa
3
8a$pa
5
#
4
12
pa
4a$ pa 1 c
2 p a pa
80p
$
#
; M ' dm $ '
$ 2a# pa c
dx
x
4p $
pa
&
3
5
x
4p a
2 papa
12p
&
2$ 2apa c
8a $pa
5
2
#
2a# $ pa 64
80
pa
x
80p
a b
# # &
$
2 # a# x c
"
#
#pa
pa
x
80p
pa
a# x c
dx, mass: dm $ dA
$
#
dx. Thus, Mx ' dm '

y
x
4p
x
4p
width: dx, area: dA a c
$ a c
x
4p ,
#
ab
has center of mass: ( ) x 2 4p 9 , length: a c
x y
a, as claimed.
33. The centroid of the square is located at (# #). The volume is V (21) ayb (A) (21)(2)(8) 321 and the surface area is
S (21) ayb (L) (21)(2) 48 3221 (where 8 is the length of a side).
34. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of the triangle is 3 3
#
y 2x is an equation of the median the line
y 2x contains the centroid. The point 3 $ is
#
3 5
#
units from the origin the x-coordinate of the
#
centroid solves the equation x c 3 b (2x c 3)#
#
5
#
x# c 3x b 9 b a4x# c 12x b 9b
4
5
4
5x# c 15x b 9 c1
x# c 3x b 2 (x c 2)(x c 1) 0 x 1 since the centroid must lie inside the triangle y 2. By the
Theorem of Pappus, the volume is V (distance traveled by the centroid)(area of the region) 21 a5 c xb < " (3)(6)
#
(21)(4)(9) 721
35. The centroid is located at (# !) V (21) axb (A) (21)(2)(1) 41#

36. We create the cone by revolving the triangle with vertices
(0 0), (h r) and (h 0) about the x-axis (see the accompanying
figure). Thus, the cone has height h and base radius r. By
Theorem of Pappus, the lateral surface area swept out by the
r
hypotenuse L is given by S 21yL 21 # h# b r#
1rr# b h# . To calculate the volume we need the position
of the centroid of the triangle. From the diagram we see that
the centroid lies on the line y
r
2h
r
r #
x. The x-coordinate of the centroid solves the equation (x c h)# b 2h x c #

b
b
4h4h r x# c 4h 2h r x b
#
inside the triangle y
r
2h
r
3.
4
3
0 x
2h
3
or
r
<21 3 "
#
4h
3
hr
"
3
2h
3 ,
since the centroid must lie
1r# h.
and by symmetry x 0
2a
1,
ab
1ab# a21yb 1# y
40. V 213A V <21 a b
2 ar b 4h b
9
21a# (1 c 2)
4a 1a
#
31
39. V 21 yA
2a
(1a)
1
By the Theorem of Pappus, V
37. S 21 y L 41a# a21yb (1a) y

38. S 213 L <21 a c
r
4
4b
31
and by symmetry x 0
1a (31 b 4)
3
$
r
4
h# b
"
3
375
41. V 213 A (21)(area of the region) (distance from the centroid to the line y x c a). We must find the distance from
4a
0 31 to y x c a. The line containing the centroid and perpendicular to y x c a has slope c1 and contains the point
4a
4a
4a
! 31 . This line is y cx b 31 . The intersection of y x c a and y cx b 31 is the point 4a b13a1 4a c13a1 . Thus,
6
6
#
4a
the distance from the centroid to the line y x c a is 4a b13a1 b 31 c
6
#
2 (4a b 3a1)
a
1#
61
3a1 #
61
2 (4a b 3a1)
61
2 1a (4 b 31)
6
$
V (21)
4a
61
42. The line perpendicular to y x c a and passing through the centroid ! 2a has equation y cx b
1
of the two perpendicular lines occurs when x c a cx b
#
2a
1
centroid to the line y x c a is 2a b 1a c 0 b 2a c 1a c

2
2
x
2a #
#
2a b a1
21
a(2b1)
21
2a c a1
21 .
2a
1.
The intersection
Thus the distance from the
. Therefore, by the Theorem of Pappus the
surface area is S 21 a(2b1) (1a) 21a# (2 b 1).
21
43. If we revolve the region about the y-axis: r a, h b A 1 ab, V 1 1 a2 b and 3 x. By the Theorem of Pappus:
2
3
1
a
1 a2 b 21 x 1 ab x 3 ; If we revolve the region about the x-axis: r b, h a A 1 ab, V 1 1 b2 a and
3
2
2
3
3 y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 1 1 b2 a 21 y 1 ab y
3
2
b
3
a b
44. Let Oa0, 0b, Paa, cb, and Qaa, bb be the vertices of the given triangle. If we revolve the region about the x-axis: Let R be
the point Raa, 0b. The volume is given by the volume of the outer cone, radius RP c, minus the volume of the inner
cone, radius RQ b, thus V 1 1 c2 a c 1 1 b2 a 1 1 aac2 c b2 b, the area is given by the area of triangle OPR minus
3
3
3
area of triangle OQR, A " ac c " ab " aac c bb, and 3 y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 1 1 aac2 c b2 b
#
#
#
3
21 y " aac c bb y
#
cbb
3 ;
If we revolve the region about the y-axis: Let S and T be the points Sa0, cb and Ta0, bb,
respectively. Then the volume is the volume of the cylinder with radius OR a and height RP c, minus the sum of the
volumes of the cone with radius SP a and height OS c and the portion of the cylinder with height OT b and
radius TQ a with a cone of height OT b and radius TQ a removed. Thus
V 1 a2 c c 1 1 a2 c b 1 a2 , c 1 1 a2 b 2 1 a2 c c 2 1 a2 b 2 1 a2 aa c bb. The area of the triangle is the same as
3
3
3
3
3
before, A " ac c " ab " aac c bb, and 3 x. By the Theorem of Pappus: 2 1 a2 aa c bb 21 x " aac c bb
#
#
#
3
#
x
2aaa c bb
3 ac c b b
c
2aaacac bbbb ,
3
cbb
2
376
CHAPTER 6 PRACTICE EXERCISES

#
1. A(x) 1 (diameter)# 1 x c x#
4
4
1 x c 2x x# b x% ; a 0, b 1
4
V 'a A(x) dx
b
1
4
1
470
4
x c 7 x(# b
#
#
3
4
"
#
"
b 5
4
7
91
280
3
4
(side)# sin 1
3
2x c x#
4x c 4xx b x# ; a 0, b 4
3
4
3
4
323
4
8
2x# c 5 x&# b
1 c
1
4
8
5
x
3
3. A(x)
'04 4x c 4x$# b x# dx
%
!
8 3
15
2
b 3
(diameter)#
1
4
3
4
32 c
832
5
(15 c 24 b 10)
64
3
8 3
15
(2 sin x c 2 cos x)#
4 asin# x c 2 sin x cos x b cos# xb
V 'a A(x) dx 1 '

b
cos 2x &1%
#
1%
cos 5
#
1
1 54 b
1 <x b
51
4
,b
c 1 c
4
(1 c sin 2x) dx
cos
#
1
4
1(1 c sin 2x); a
1
4
" c
#
1
4
V 'a A(x) dx
'01 x c 2x&# b x% dx
(35 c 40 b 14)
2. A(x)
x
5
&
1
4
"
1 #
#
4. A(x) (edge)# 6 c x c 09 6 c x 36 c 246 x b 36x c 46 x$# b x# ;

a 0, b 6 V 'a A(x) dx '0 36 c 246 x b 36x c 46 x$# b x# dx
6
(diameter)#
1
4
2x c
x
4
1728
5
1
4
!
1800 c 1728
5
4x c x&# b
72
5
x
16 ;
a 0, b 4 V 'a A(x) dx
b
x
'04 4x c x&# b 16 dx 1 2x# c 2 x(# b 5x16 % 1 32 c 32 8 b 2 32
4
7
4
7
5
321
4
1
4
1 c
6. A(x)
3
4
"
#
8
7
2
b 5
81
35
&
1
4
b 72 360 c
#
5. A(x)
1728
5
'
8
216 c 16 6 6 6 b 18 6# c 5 6 6 6# b
216 c 576 b 648 c
x
3
36x c 246 2 x$# b 18x# c 46 2 x&# b

3
5
(35 c 40 b 14)
(edge)# sin 1
3
3
4
721
35
<2x c c2x#
4x# 43 x; a 0, b 1
V 'a A(x) dx '0 43 x dx 23 x#

b
"
!
23
6
3
Chapter 6 Practice Exercises
377
7. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :
V 'a 1R# (x) dx ' 1 1 a3x% b dx 1 ' 1 9x) dx

1
"
1 cx* d c" 21
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21x a3x% b dx 21 3'0 x& dx 21 3 x 1
6
1
'
Note: The lower limit of integration is 0 rather than c1.

(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
1
&
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
x
2
'
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius height dx 21' 1 (1 c x) a3x% b dx 21 3x c
5
b
"
"
21 < 3 c " c c 3 c "

#
#
5
5
c"
121
5
R(x) 3, r(x) 3 c 3x% 3 a1 c x% b V 'a 1 cR# (x) c r# (x)d dx ' 1 1 9 c 9 a1 c x% b dx

1
"
#
181 < 2 c "

5
9
2113
5
261
5
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

2
x
4
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
4
V 21'1 x x c " dx 21 c4xc" c
#
"
#
16
5
"
b 4
1
20
(c2 c 10 b 64 b 5)
#
"
x
4
cxb
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
571
#0
"
21 <c 4 c 1 c c4 c 4 21 5
#
4
shell
shell
4
8
V 21'a radius height dx 21'1 (2 c x) x c " dx 21'1 x c
#
4
x
c"
#
#
4 #
V 'a 1cR# (x) c r# (x)d dx '1 1 x c " dx 1 <c 16 xc& c x "
#
5
4
c
"
1 < 516 c " c c 16 c " 1 c 10 c
32
#
5
4
4
21 c x b
"
4
x
, r(x)
4
x
x
9
8. (a) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

R(x)
&
91 ' 1 c1 c a1 c 2x% b x) bd dx 91 ' 1 a2x% c x) b dx 91 2x c

5
c 1 b x dx
#
"
21 <(c1 b 2 c 2 b 1) c c4 b 4 c 1 b 4
"
51
#
31
#
V 'a 1cR# (x) c r# (x)d dx

b
4
x
#
1 '1 7 c 4 c
#
# dx
491
4
c 161'1 a1 c 2xc$ b xc' b dx
491
4
c 161 x b xc# c
491
4
491
4
491
4
"
"
c 161 <2 b 4 c 5" # c 1 b 1 c 5
3
"
"
"
c 161 4 c 160 b 5
161
160
x
5
(40 c 1 b 32)
#
"
491
4
711
10
1031
20
(a) .3=5 7/>29. :
V 1 '1 x c 1 dx 1'1 (x c 1) dx 1 x c x
#
#
1 < 25 c 5 c " c 1 1 24 c 4 81
#
#
#
&
"
(b) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
R(y) 5, r(y) y# b 1 V 'c 1 cR# (y) c r# (y)d dy 1 ' 2 25 c ay# b 1b dy

2
1' 2 a25 c y% c 2y# c 1b dy 1 ' 2 a24 c y% c 2y# b dy 1 24y c

2
y
5
&
9.
&c
2
c 3 y$
#
c#
21 24 2 c
32
5
2
3
378

321 3 c
2
5
c "
3
321
15
(45 c 6 c 5)
10881
15
(c) .3=5 7/>29. :

R(y) 5 c ay# b 1b 4 c y#
V 'c 1R# (y) dy ' 2 1 a4 c y# b dy

2
1 ' 2 a16 c 8y# b y% b dy

2
641 1 c
2
3
8y
3
y
5
&
1 16y c
b "
5
21 32 c
c#
641
15
64
3
(15 c 10 b 3)
32
5
5121
15
10. (a) =2/66 7/>29. :
21
1#
64
y
4
dy 21 y c
3
$
21'0 y# c
4
321
3
y
16 !
%
y
4
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius height dy '0 21y y c
dy
21 64 c
3
64
4
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

b
21 4 32 c
5
64
3
x
3
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21x 2x c x dx 21'0 2x$# c x# dx 21 4 x&# c
5
1281
15
%
!
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius height dx '0 21(4 c x) 2x c x dx 21'0 8x"# c 4x c 2x$# b x# dx
4
641 1 c 4
5
641
5
x
3
4
21 16 x$# c 2x# c 5 x&# b
3
21 16 8 c 32 c
3
!
(d) =2/66 7/>29. :
y
4
21'0 4y c 2y# b
2
dy 21 2y# c 3 y$ b
y
4
32 b
64
3
4
641 3 c 1 c
dy 21'0 4y c y# c y# b
4
%
y
16 !
%
shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius height dy '0 21(4 c y) y c
4
5
21 32 c
2
3
y
4
4
5
2
b 3
dy
64 b 16 321 2 c
8
3
b 1
321
3
11. .3=5 7/>29. :

V 1 '0 tan# x dx 1'0 asec# x c 1b dx 1[tan x c x]!
3
1
3
1$
R(x) tan x, a 0, b
1 33c1
3
12. .3=5 7/>29. :
V 1'0 (2 c sin x)# dx 1 '0 a4 c 4 sin x b sin# xb dx 1'0 4 c 4 sin x b

1
x
#
sin 2x 1
4
!
1 <4x b 4 cos x b
1 <41 c 4 b
1
#
c 0 c (0 b 4 b 0 c 0)
1ccos 2x
dx
#
91
1 # c 8 1
#
(91 c 16)
13. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :
4
V 1'0 ax# c 2xb dx 1'0 ax% c 4x$ b 4x# b dx 1 x c x% b 3 x$ 1 32 c 16 b
5
5
161
15
(6 c 15 b 10)
&
161
15
32
3
(b) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

2
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
axc"b
&
&
V '0 11# c ax# c 2x b "b dx '0 1 dx c '0 1 ax c "b% dx #1 c 1
#1 c 1
!
shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius height dx 21'0 (2 c x) cc ax# c 2xbd dx 21'0 (2 c x) a2x c x# b dx
b
#
&
)1
&

4
21'0 a4x c 2x# c 2x# b x$ b dx 21'0 ax$ c 4x# b 4xb dx 21 x c 3 x$ b 2x# 21 4 c
4
21
3
81
3
(36 c 32)
32
3
b 8
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
V 1 '0 c2 c ax# c 2xbd dx c 1'0 2# dx 1'0 4 c 4 ax# c 2xb b ax# c 2xb dx c 81

2
1'0 a4 c 4x# b 8x b x% c 4x$ b 4x# b dx c 81 1'0 ax% c 4x$ b 8x b 4b dx c 81

2
1 x c x% b 4x# b 4x c 81 1 32 c 16 b 16 b 8 c 81
5
5
&
1
5
(32 b 40) c 81
721
5
401
5
321
5
14. .3=5 7/>29. :
V 21'0 4 tan# x dx 81'0 asec# x c 1b dx 81[tan x c x]!

4
1%
21(4 c 1)
15. The material removed from the sphere consists of a cylinder

and two "caps." From the diagram, the height of the cylinder
#
is 2h, where h# b $ ## , i.e. h ". Thus

#
Vcyl a#hb1$ '1 ft$ . To get the volume of a cap,

use the disk method and x# b y# ## : Vcap '" 1x# dy
2
"!1
3
#)1
3
ft$ .
16. We rotate the region enclosed by the curve y 12 1 c

b
1321 1 c "
3
x
#$
17. y x"# c
dx 121 x c
2641
3
dy
dx
""#
4x
363 c""#
11 2
and the x-axis around the x-axis. To find the
1 12 1 c
"
#
xc"# c " x"# dy

#
dx
"
4
2
3
18. x y#$
8
9y b 4
3y
$"
$#
'1
8 c 2 b 2
3
dx
dy
"
3
5
12
12 1 c
4x
121
dx
2 b
14
3
4y
"
#
xc"# b x"# dx
"
#
<2x"# b 2 x$# %
3
"
10
3
dx
L '1 1 b dy dy '1 1 b
#
4
9y
dy
'18 9y#$ b 4 yc"$ dy; <u 9y#$ b 4 du 6yc"$ dy; y 1 u 13,
y 8 u 40d L
19. y
"
#
dy
11 2
yc"$ dx
dy
2
3
11 2
"
" "
x c 2 b x L ' 1 b 4 x c 2 b x dx
1
$#c
<4 b
dx 1 '
881 276 in$
"
#
4
4
241 11 c 363 11 1321 1 c 363 11
2
4
#
#
" "
"
L '1 4 x b 2 b x dx '1 4 axc"# b x"# b dx '1
4x
121
$#
4x
121
#
1 c
11 2
11 2
11 2
121'
volume we use the .3=5 method: V 'a 1R# (x) dx '
4x
121
Vremoved Vcyl b #Vcap '1 b
ft$ . Therefore,
&1
3
"
1<8 c 8 c % c 3
3
#
y3
3 "
'" 1a% c y# bdy 1%y c
x'& c 5 x%&
8
dy
dx
"
18
40
" 2
'13 u"# du 18 < 3 u$# %! #"7 <40$# c 13$# 7.634
"$
"
#
dy
x"& c " xc"& dx
#
"
4
x#& c 2 b xc#&
#
"
"
L '1 1 b " ax#& c 2 b xc#& b dx L '1 4 ax#& b 2 b xc#& b dx ' 4 ax"& b xc"& b dx
4
32
32
32
379
"
1#
y$ b
"
y
"
'1 16 y% b
2
"
#
1710
48
$#
5
x'& b 4 x%& "
dx
dy
"
4
"
y
"
dy '1 4 y# b
"
y
y# c
dx
dy
20. x
(1260 b 450)
" <5
# 6
285
8
8
12 c " c 1"# c 1
#
7
1#
"
#
21. S 'a 21y 1 b dy dx;

dx
dy
dx
"
y
"
48
x"& b xc"& dx
"
16
"
#
5
< 6 2' b
y% c
"
#
5
4
"
#
315 b
6
"
L '1 1 b 16 y% c
2
"
y
"
dy '1 4 y# b
#
2% c 5 b 5
6
4
"
y
"
#
32
'1
"
dy 1"# y$ c y
"
#
75
4
"
y
380
dy
#
"
13
12
#
"
2x b 1
dy
dx
"
#x b 1
S '0 212x b 1 1 b
3
"
#x b 1
dx
$
21'0 2x b 1 2xb2 dx 221'0 x b 1 dx 221 < 2 (x b 1)$# ! 221 2 (8 c 1)
2xb1
3
3
3
x
3
1 b dx
dy
4y c y b 4 c 4y b y
4y c y
1
6
1 b x% dx
'01 1 b x% a4x$ b dx
2
'01 1 b x% d a1 b x% b 1 3 a1 b x% b$# " 1 22 c 1
6
9
!
(4 c 2y)
4y c y
#
"
2cy
4y c y
dx
dy
23. S 'c 21x 1 b dx dy;

dy
1
6
x# dy x% S '0 21
dx
4
4y c y
dy
dx
22. S 'a 21y 1 b dy dx;

dx
2812
3
4
S '1 21 4y c y# 4y c y dy 41'1 dx 41
2
24. S 'c 21x 1 b dx dy;

dy
#
1'2 4y b 1 dy
6
1
4
dx
dy
1
2 y
1 b dx 1 b
dy
2
< 3 (4y b 1)$# '
#
1
6
(125 c 27)
1
6
"
4y
4y b 1
4y
(98)
S '2 21y
6
4y b 1
4y
dy
491
3
25. The equipment alone: the force required to lift the equipment is equal to its weight F" (x) 100 N.
The work done is W" 'a F" (x) dx '0 100 dx [100x]%! 4000 J; the rope alone: the force required
!
b
40
to lift the rope is equal to the weight of the rope paid out at elevation x F# (x) 0.8(40 c x). The work
40
the total work is W W" b W# 4000 b 640 4640 J
x
#
%!
!
0.8 40# c
40
#
done is W# 'a F# (x) dx '0 0.8(40 c x) dx 0.8 40x c
(0.8)(1600)
#
640 J;
26. The force required to lift the water is equal to the water's weight, which varies steadily from 8 800 lb to
8 400 lb over the 4750 ft elevation. When the truck is x ft off the base of Mt. Washington, the water weight is
4750
6400 1 c
x
9500
dx 6400 x c
22,800,000 ft lb
lb. The work done is W 'a F(x) dx
%(&!
x
29500 !
#
'0
x
9500
6400 4750 c
4750
44750
#
4750 c
F(x) 8 800 224750 x (6400) 1 c
3 (6400)(4750)
4
27. Force constant: F kx 20 k 1 k 20 lb/ft; the work to stretch the spring 1 ft is

W '0 kx dx k'0 x dx 20 x 10 ft lb; the work to stretch the spring an additional foot is
#
1
"
!
#
W '1 kx dx k '1 x dx 20 x 20 4 c " 20 3 30 ft lb

#
#
#
#
2
"

28. Force constant: F kx 200 k(0.8) k 250 N/m; the 300 N force stretches the spring x
1.2 m; the work required to stretch the spring that far is then W '0 F(x) dx '0 250x dx
12
12
300
250
F
k
381
"#
[125x# ]! 125(1.2)# 180 J
29. We imagine the water divided into thin slabs by planes

perpendicular to the y-axis at the points of a partition of the
interval [0 8]. The typical slab between the planes at y and
y b ?y has a volume of about ?V 1(radius)# (thickness)
#
1 5 y ?y 251 y# ?y ft$ . The force F(y) required to
4
16
lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) 62.4 ?V
(62.4)(25)
16
1y# ?y lb. The distance through which F(y)
must act to lift this slab to the level 6 ft above the top is
about (6 b 8 c y) ft, so the work done lifting the slab is about ?W
(62.4)(25)
16
1y# (14 c y) ?y ft lb. The work done
lifting all the slabs from y 0 to y 8 to the level 6 ft above the top is approximately
(62.4)(25)
16
1y# (14 c y) ?y ft lb so the work to pump the water is the limit of these Riemann sums as the norm of
the partition goes to zero: W '0
8
4
(62.4) 251 14 8$ c
16
3
(62.4)(25)
(16)
(62.4)(25)1
16
1y# (14 c y) dy
'08 a14y# c y$ b dy (62.4) 251 14 y$ c y4 )

16
3
%
W!
418,208.81 ft lb
30. The same as in Exercise 29, but change the distance through which F(y) must act to (8 c y) rather than (6 b 8 c y). Also
5
y
4
(62.4) 251 '0 a8y# c y$ b dy (62.4) 251 8 y$ c

16
16
3
(62.4)(25)1
16
&
y# (8 c y) dy
(62.4) 251 8 5$ c
16
3
!
5
4
change the upper limit of integration from 8 to 5. The integral is:W '0
31. The tank's cross section looks like the figure in Exercise 29 with right edge given by x
#
y
slab has volume ?V 1(radius)# (thickness) 1 # ?y
1
4
W 60'0 1a12 c yb y dy 151 12y c

4
3
$
22,5001 ftlb
275 ftlb/sec
5
10
y y . A typical horizontal
#
y# ?y. The force required to lift thisslab is its weight:
y# ?y. The distance through which F(y) must act is (2 b 10 c y) ft, so the work to pump the liquid is
10
y
4
F(y) 60
1
4
54,241.56 ft lb
"!
!
22,5001 ft lb; the time needed to empty the tank is
257 sec
32. A typical horizontal slab has volume about ?V (20)(2x)?y (20) 216 c y# ?y and the force required to lift this
slab is its weight F(y) (57)(20) 216 c y# ?y. The distance through which F(y) must act is (6 b 4 c y) ft, so the
work to pump the olive oil from the half-full tank is W 57' 4 (10 c y)(20) 216 c y# dy
0
"#
2880 ' 4 1016 c y# dy b 1140' 4 a16 c y# b (c2y) dy
22,800 (area of a quarter circle having radius 4) b 2 (1140) a16 c y# b

3
335,153.25 ft lb
$# !
c%
(22,800)(41) b 48,640
382
33. Intersection points: 3 c x# 2x# 3x# c 3 0

3(x c 1)(x b 1) 0 x c1 or x 1. Symmetry
suggests that x 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has
center of mass: ( ) x 2x b a3 c x b x x b 3 ,
x y
#
length: a3 c x b c 2x 3 a1 c x b, width: dx,

area: dA 3 a1 c x# b dx, and mass: dm $ dA
3$ a1 c x# b dx the moment about the x-axis is
$ c x c
5
2x
3
&
3$ x c
x
3
"
b 3x
3
#
c"
"
c"
3
#
$ acx% c 2x# b 3b dx Mx ' dm

y
"
3$ c 5 c
2
3
b 3
6$ 1 c " 4$ y
3
3$
15
Mx
M
32$
5
(c3 c 10 b 45)
32$
5 4 $
8
5
3
#
$ ' 1 acx% c 2x# b 3b dx

"
; M ' dm 3$ ' 1 a1 c x# b dx
"
$ ax# b 3b a1 c x# b dx
3
#
dm
y
. Therefore, the centroid is (x y) ! 8 .

5
34. Symmetry suggests that x 0. The typical @/<>3-+6

strip has center of mass: ( ) x x , length: x# ,
x y
#
#
width: dx, area: dA x# dx, mass: dm $ dA $ x# dx

$
the moment about the x-axis is dm # x# x# dx
y
$
#
x% dx Mx ' dm
y
$
#
$
' 22 x% dx 10 cx& d #
c#
35. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has: center of mass: ( )

x y
4 b x4
#
9 , length: 4 c
dx, mass: dm $ dA
16x c
%
x
516 !
$
#
<64 c
64
5
x dx $ 4x c
My
M
16$ 3
32$
3
2
and y
Mx
M
y
dx. Thus, Mx ' dm
$ (32 c 16) 16$ ; M ' dm $ '0 4 c

x
x
4
; My ' dm $ '0 4x c
x
128$
5
128$ 3
532$
x
4
$
2
&
x
4
dx; the
dx $ 4x c
12
5
%
x
12 !
$
moment about the y-axis is dm $ 4 c

x
x
16
x
4
16 c
dx $ 2x# c
$ 16 c
64
1#
$
#
x
'04 16 c 16 dx
%
x
16 !
%
$
#
dx
x
4
4 c
4 b x4
dm $
y
, width: dx,
dx the moment about the x-axis is
x
4
$ 4 c
x
4
area: dA 4 c
x
4
32$
3
. Therefore, the centroid is (x y) 3 12 .

# 5
36. A typical 29<3D98>+6 strip has:

center of mass: ( ) y b 2y y , length: 2y c y# ,
x y
#
#
width: dy, area: dA a2y c y# b dy, mass: dm $ dA

$ a2y c y# b dy; the moment about the x-axis is
dm $ y a2y c y# b dy $ a2y# c y$ b ; the moment
y
about the y-axis is dm $ ay b 2yb a2y c y# b dy
x
#
a4y c y b dy Mx ' dm $ '0 a2y# c y$ b dy

y
438
Mx
M
y
4
32
5
4$ 3
3 4 $
$ 2 8 c
3
!
32$
15
16
4
$ 16 c
3
16
4
$ 16
12
4$
3
; My ' dm
x
$
#
$ 4
'02 a4y# c y% b dy # 3 y$ c y5 #
; M ' dm $ '0 a2y c y# b dy $ y# c y $ 4 c 8

3
3
2
$ 2 y$ c
3
$
#
#
!
&
$
#
4$
3
8
1. Therefore, the centroid is (x y) 5 1 .
My
M
$ 323
15$ 4
8
5
and
383
37. A typical horizontal strip has: center of mass: ( )

x y
y b2y y , length: 2y c y# , width: dy,
#
#
"
#
2
6
'
b2 c
2
5
(11)
4
15
&
'0 a2y b y# c y$ b dy y# b
44
40
11
10
; My ' dm '0
x
4 4 b 2 c
3
44 3
15
8
44
15
y
3
(20 b 15 c 24)
4
5
8
6
4 b
y
4
y
5
"
#
16 b
3
8
3
16
4
32
5
16 " b
3
a4y# b 4y$ c y% c y& b dy
4 2 c 4
5
16
60
y
4
a4y# b 4y$ c y% c y& b dy
16
4
8
3
24
5
"
#
"
4
c 2
5
4 y$ b y% c
3
y
5
&
Mx ' dm '0 a2y# b y$ c y% b dy 2 y$ b

y
3
2
43
"
#
&
y
6
'
area: dA a2y c y# b dy, mass: dm $ dA

(1 b y) a2y c y# b dy the moment about the
x-axis is dm y(1 b y) a2y c y# b dy
y
a2y# b 2y$ c y$ c y% b dy
a2y# b y$ c y% b dy; the moment about the y-axis is
dm y b 2y (1 b y) a2y c y# b dy " a4y# c y% b (1 b y) dy
x
; M ' dm '0 (1 b y) a2y c y# b dy
#
!
My
M
3
24 8
5
and y
9
5
Mx
M
. Therefore, the center of mass is (x y) 9 11 .

5 10
38. A typical vertical strip has: center of mass: ( ) x 2x3 , length: x 3 , width: dx, area: dA x 3 dx,
x y
3
mass: dm $ dA $
dx the moment about the x-axis is dm 3 $ 3 dx 9$ dx; the moment about
y
"
*
; My $ '1 x x 3 dx 3$ <2x"# " 12$ ;
9
4$ x
My
M
12$
4$
3 and y
Mx
M
20
9
4$
5
9
"
<c x * 4; My ' x# 3 dx <2x$# * 52; M ' x 3 dx
"
"
x
x
1
1
9
#$
My
M
13
3
and y
Mx
M
"
3
strip
39. F 'a W depth L(y) dy F 2 '0 (62.4)(2 c y)(2y) dy 249.6'0 a2y c y# b dy 249.6 y# c
b
y
3
#$
6 <x"# " 12 x
#$
9
#
20$
9
#$
9
x dx
#$
x
#
dx c6$
<xc"# *
"
2x
dx.
c x#
#c
#"
#$
(b) Mx '1
#$
9$
#
9
x dx
#$
M $ '1
"
#
#x
#$
#$
(a) Mx $ '1
3$
x
#$
the y-axis is dm x $ x 3 dx
x
#
!
(249.6) 4 c 8 (249.6) 4 332.8 lb

3
3
strip
40. F 'a W depth L(y) dy F '0 75 5 c y (2y b 4) dy 75'0 5 y b
6
3
5 6
5 6
10
3
c 2y# c 4y dy
&'
7
7
2
50
7
25
2
125
75 '0 10 c 3 y c 2y# dy 75 < 10 y c 6 y# c 3 y$ ! (75) < 18 c 6 36 c 3 216
3
3
5 6
(75) 25 c
9
175
216
250
3#16
975 (25 216 c 175 9 c 250 3)

#16
strip
41. F 'a W depth L(y) dy F 62.4'0 (9 c y) 2
b
62.4 <6y$# c 2 y&# ! (62.4) 6 8 c

5
2
5
y
2
(75)(3075)
9#16
118.63 lb.
dy 62.4'0 9y"# c 3y$# dy

4
32 62.4 (48 5 c 64)

5
(62.4)(176)
5
2196.48 lb
strip
42. Place the origin at the bottom of the tank. Then F '0 W depth L(y) dy, h the height of the mercury column,
h
849 #
2 h .
Now solve
849 #
2 h
y
#
849 h# c
!
h
#
strip depth h c y, L(y) 1 F '0 849(h c y) " dy (849)'0 (h c y) dy 849hy c
40000 to get h 9.707 ft. The volume of the mercury is s h 1 9.707 9.707 ft
2
384
CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES

c
1. V 1 'a cf(x)d# dx b# c ab 1'a cf(t)d# dt x# c ax for all x a 1 [f(x)]# 2x c a f(x) 2x1 a
b
b
2. V 1 '0 [f(x)]# dx a# b a 1 '0 [f(t)]# dt x# b x for all x a 1[f(x)]# 2x b 1 f(x) 2x1 1
a
3. s(x) Cx '0 1 b [f w (t)]# dt Cx 1 b [f w (x)]# C f w (x) C# c 1 for C 1

x
f(x) '0 C# c 1 dt b k. Then f(0) a a 0 b k f(x) '0 C# c 1 dt b a f(x) xC# c 1 b a,

x
where C 1.
4. (a) The graph of f(x) sin x traces out a path from (! !) to (! sin !) whose length is L '0 1 b cos# ) d).
!
The line segment from (0 0) to (! sin !) has length (! c 0)# b (sin ! c 0)# !# b sin# !. Since the
shortest distance between two points is the length of the straight line segment joining them, we have
immediately that ' 1 b cos# ) d) !# b sin# ! if 0 ! 1 .
!
(b) In general, if y f(x) is continuously differentiable and f(0) 0, then '0 1 b [f w (t)]# dt !# b f # (!)
!
for ! 0.
5. We can find the centroid and then use Pappus' Theorem to calculate the volume. faxb x, gaxb x2 , faxb gaxb
1
x x2 x2 c x 0 x 0, x 1; $ 1; M '0 cx c x2 ddx < " x2 c 1 x3 0 " c 1 c 0
3
3
#
#
1
1
6
1
1 6
1
1
1
1
1
'01 xcx c x2 ddx 6'01 cx2 c x3 ddx 6< 3 x3 c 4 x4 1 6 3 c 4 c 0 2
0
1
1 6
'01 1 x2 c ax2 b2 dx 3'01 cx2 c x4 ddx 3< 1 x3 c 1 x5 1 3 1 c 1 c 0 2 The centroid is 1 , 2 .

2
3
5
3
5
5
2 5
0
3 is the distance from 1 , 2 to the axis of rotation, y x. To calculate this distance we must find the point on y x that
2 5
also lies on the line perpendicular to y x that passes through 1 , 2 . The equation of this line is y c 2 c1x c 1
2 5
5
2
xby
9
10 .
9
3 20 c
The point of intersection of the lines x b y
1 2
2
9
b 20 c
2 2
5
1
.
102
9
and y x is 20 ,
9
10
Thus V 21 101 2 1
9
20 .
Thus,
1
.
302
6. Since the slice is made at an angle of 45 , the volume of the wedge is half the volume of the cylinder of radius
height 1. Thus, V
"
" 2
# 1 # a1b
"
#
and
1
8.
7. y 2x ds " b 1 dx A '0 2x " b 1 dx

x
x
3
<(1 b x)$# $
!
4
3
28
3
8. This surface is a triangle having a base of 21a and a height of 21ak. Therefore the surface area is
"
# #
# (21a)(21ak) 21 a k.
2h
3
23mh
%"
12mh12mh
18m
%"
dt '0
4h
3
t#
t
3m
$
(12mh)
18m
dx
dt
dt
"
3m
t6
'
#$
F(t)
12mh
12mh)
W ' F dx '0
12mh
%"
x 0 when t 0 C" 0 x
dx
t
dt 3m b C; v 0 when t 0
t
"%
.
12m . Then x h t (12mh)
%
t
m
C0
dx
dt
t
3m
$
d x
dt
The work done is
"
18m (12mh)'%
3mh
t
12m
%
9. F ma t#
b C" ;
Chapter 6 Additional and Advanced Exercises
2 lb
1 in
24 lb/ft. Thus, F 24x W '0
1 2
12 in
1 ft
10. Converting to pounds and feet, 2 lb/in
385
24x dx
"#
"
"
#
#
c12x# d ! 3 ft lb. Since W " mv! c " mv" , where W 3 ft lb, m 10 lb 3# ft/sec
#
#
"
"
"
#
320 slugs, and v" 0 ft/sec, we have 3 # 3#0 v# v! 3 640. For the projectile height,
ds
s c16t# b v! t (since s 0 at t 0) dt v c32t b v! . At the top of the ball's path, v 0
#
v
64
3640
64
v
3#
!
!
#
v
v
and the height is s c16 3# b v! 3#
30 ft.
11. From the symmetry of y 1 c xn , n even, about the y-axis for c1 x 1, we have x 0. To find y Mx , we
M
n
use the vertical strips technique. The typical strip has center of mass: ( ) x 1 c x , length: 1 c xn ,
x y
2
width: dx, area: dA a1 c xn b dx, mass: dm 1 dA a1 c xn b dx. The moment of the strip about the
1
1
n
n
"
n 1
2n 1
x-axis is dm a1 c x b dx M ' a1 c x b dx 2' " a1 c 2xn b x2n b dx <x c 2x b x
y
#
Also, M ' 1 dA ' 1 a1 c xn b dx 2 '0 a1 c xn b dx 2 <x c

1
2n
(n b 1)(2n b 1)
#
Mx
M
(n b 1)
2n
xn 1 "
nb1 !
b
0 #
2n b 3n b 1 c 4n c 2 b n b 1
(n b 1)(#n b 1)
nb1
2n
(n b 1)(#n b 1)
#
x
#
1
(n b 1)(2n b 1) c 2(2n b ") b (n b 1)
(n b 1)(#n b 1)
1c
"
#n b 1
2
nb1
2 1 c
"
nb1
#n b 1 !
2n
nb1.
Therefore,
"
#
! #n n 1 is the location of the centroid. As n _, y

b
n
2n b 1
the limiting position of the centroid is !
so
"
# .
12. Align the telephone pole along the x-axis as shown in the
accompanying figure. The slope of the top length of pole is
14.5 c 89
"
5.5
8
8" 40 (14.5 c 9) 8140
1
40
11
11
y 89 b 8180 x 8" 9 b 80 x is an
1
1
11
8180 .
Thus,
equation of the
line representing the top of the pole. Then,

My 'a x 1y# dx 1 '0 x < 8" 9 b
1
b
40
11
80
#
x dx
11
'040 x 9 b 80 x# dx; M 'ab 1y# dx
40
40
#
#
11
"
1 '0 < 8" 9 b 80 x dx 641 '0 9 b 11 x dx.
1
80
"
641
My
M
Thus, x
129,700
5623.3
23.06 (using a calculator to compute
the integrals). By symmetry about the x-axis, y 0 so the center of mass is about 23 ft from the top of the pole.
13. (a) Consider a single vertical strip with center of mass ( ). If the plate lies to the right of the line, then
x y
the moment of this strip about the line x b is (x c b) dm (x c b) $ dA the plate's first moment
about x b is the integral ' (x c b)$ dA ' $ x dA c ' $ b dA My c b$ A.
(b) If the plate lies to the left of the line, the moment of a vertical strip about the line x b is
ab c b dm ab c b $ dA the plate's first moment about x b is ' (b c x)$ dA ' b$ dA c ' $ x dA
x
x
b$ A c My .
14. (a) By symmetry of the plate about the x-axis, y 0. A typical vertical strip has center of mass:
( ) (x 0), length: 4ax, width: dx, area: 4ax dx, mass: dm $ dA kx 4ax dx, for some
x y
a
proportionality constant k. The moment of the strip about the y-axis is M ' dm ' 4kx# ax dx
x
y
4ka
"#
a
2
7
(#
4ka'0 x$# dx 4ka < 2 x&# 0 4ka"# 2 a&#

5
5
a
. Also, M ' dm '0 4kxax dx

. Thus, x
dy, mass: dm $ dA kyk a c

0
cy# a c
2a
y
4a
#
dy '
y
4a
8ka
7
5
8ka
dy b '0 y# a c
2a
b 4a
8a
5
7
y , length: a c
dy. Thus, Mx ' dm

y
y
4a
#
y
4a
y kyk a c
2a
y
4a
width: dy, area: a c
2a
ba
(b) A typical horizontal strip has center of mass: ( ) 4a # y9 y
x y
'
My
M
5a 0
7
8ka
5
dy
y
4a
#
(x y)
8ka
7
(# a
dx
4ka < 2
7
&#
4ka'0 x
a
0; My ' dm '
x
"
16a
32a' c
32a
3
'
'
2a 4a c
16a
4
"
#a
1
3#a
8a% y# c
2
3 a32a' b
a8a c 4a b 2a . Therefore, x
My
M
4
3
"
4a
2a# y# c
"
a% 2a
4
3
y
6
#a
!
a% ;
y
4
2a
3
#a
!
and
0 is the center of mass.
15. (a) On [0 a] a typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass: ( ) x,

x y
b c x b a c x
#
#
Mx
M
c#a
c#a
"
4a
' 2a kyk a4a# c y# b dy

2a
"
4a
"
"
' 02a ac4a# y b y$ b dy b 4a '02a a4a# y c y$ b dy 4a c2a# y# b y4 !
"
4a
y
6
"
16a
'
64a
6
c8a% y# b
"
3 #a
a16a% y c y& b dy
8a% 4a# c
c
kyk 4a 4a y dy
dy
2a
2a
"
32a
y
4a
'
2a
kyk a c
M ' dm '
64a
6
b 4a
8a
'
&
8a% 4a# c
'0
#a
y
#0a !
a
b 3 y$ c
' kyk a16a% c y% b dy
"
32a
ac16a% y b y& b dy b
2a
2a
"
32a
2a
2a
&
'
2a
32a
#0a
"
3 #a
!
y
#0a c#a
a
dy c 3 y$ b
y
4a
c
"
' 2a kyk ay# b 4a# b 4a 4a y dy 32a
2a
"
8a
8a
3
2a
32a
20a
dy b '0 ay# c
y
4a
cay# b
c 8a b
3
2a
&
'
&
386
length: b# c x# c a# c x# , width: dx, area: dA b# c x# c a# c x# dx, mass: dm $ dA

$ b# c x# c a# c x# dx. On [a b] a typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass:
( ) x b #c x , length: b# c x# , width: dx, area: dA b# c x# dx,

x y
#
mass: dm $ dA $ b# c x# dx. Thus, Mx ' dm

y
'0
"
#
b# c x# b a# c x# $ b# c x# c a# c x# dx b 'a
"
#
b# c x# $ b# c x# dx
$
#
$
$
$
'0a cab# c x# b c aa# c x# bd dx b # 'ab ab# c x# b dx # '0a ab# c a# b dx b # 'ab ab# c x# b dx
$
#
$
cab# c a# b xd ! b # b# x c
$
#
$
aab# c a$ b b # 2 b$ c ab# b
3
$
cab# c a# b ad b # b$ c
$b
3
$a
3
a
3
$
#
$ b
ca
3
b
3
x
3
c b# a c
a
3
$a
3
x
; My ' dm
'0 x$ b# c x# c a# c x# dx b 'a x$ b# c x# dx
b
c ab c a b
c ab b
# $#
$
3
b 0 c aa b
cx b
3
$
3
c 0 c ab# c a# b
$#
b
a
We calculate the mass geometrically: M $ A $ 14 c $ 14
#
ca
ca
$1
4
$b
3
$ ab c a b
3
Mx ;
ab# c a# b . Thus, x
My
M
4 (b c a) aa b ab b b b
31
(b c a)(b b a)
4 aa b ab b b b
31(a b b)
34 3a
1
2a
2a
1
(x y) 2a 2a is the limiting
1 1
; likewise
.
ba ba
aba
34 a
1
b ab b b
abb
b
b
b a 31
4 aa babbb b
31(abb)
4
31
(b) lim
Mx
M
4
$1 ab c a b
$ ab c a b
3
# $#
$ 2 ab
c#
dx
cx b
3
"#
# $#
$
3
dx b $ 'a x ab# c x# b
$ 2 aa
b#
"#
2 ab c x b
3
#
#$ #
c$
#
dx c $ '0 x aa# c x# b
"#
#$ #
$ '0 x ab# c x# b
#$ #
position of the centroid as b a. This is the centroid of a circle of radius a (and we note the two circles
coincide when b a).
Chapter 6 Additional and Advanced Exercises

16. Since the area of the traingle is 36, the diagram may be
labeled as shown at the right. The centroid of the triangle is
a
3 , 24 . The shaded portion is 144 c 36 108. Write
a
ax, yb for the centroid of the remaining region. The centroid
of the whole square is obviously a6, 6b. Think of the square
as a sheet of uniform density, so that the centroid of the
square is the average of the centroids of the two regions,
weighted by area:
'
a
$' 3 b "!)axb
"%%
and '
$' 24 b "!)ayb
a
"%%
which we solve to get x ) c
a
*
and y
)a a c " b
.
a
Set
x 7 in. (Given). It follows that a *, whence y
7"
*
'%
*
in. The distances of the centroid ax, yb from the other sides are easily computed. (Note that if we set y 7 in.
above, we will find x 7 " .)

*
17. The submerged triangular plate is depicted in the figure
at the right. The hypotenuse of the triangle has slope c1
y c (c2) c(x c 0) x c(y b 2) is an equation
of the hypotenuse. Using a typical horizontal strip, the fluid
strip
strip
pressure is F ' (62.4) depth length dy
(62.4)(cy)[c(y b 2)] dy 62.4 '
62.4 y b y#
3
'
c#
ay# b 2yb dy
(62.4) <c 8 b 4 c c 216 b 36

3
3
c'
(62.4) 208 c 32
3
(62.4)(112)
3
2329.6 lb
18. Consider a rectangular plate of length j and width w.

The length is parallel with the surface of the fluid of
weight density =. The force on one side of the plate is
!
cw
=jw
#
. The
average force on one side of the plate is Fav

=
w
c y
#
#
!
cw
=w
#
. Therefore the force
=
w
=jw
#
' 0w (cy)dy
(cy)(j) dy c=j y
#
F ='
=w (jw) (the average pressure up and down) (the area of the plate).
#
387
388
NOTES:

Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

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Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

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Section 6.

6 Moments and Centers of Mass

(b) Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one

M ' dm ' $ dA $ ' dA

length: 3 c 9 c x# , width: dx,

dx. Thus, Mx '0

, width: dx, area: dA

has center of mass: ( ) x

mass: dm $ dA dx. The moment about the y-axis is

13. Mx ' dm '1

2 ccxc" d " 2 <c " c (c1) 2 " 1;

(x y) 3 " is the center of mass.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

14. We use the @/<>3-+6 strip approach:

'0 ax# c x% b 12x dx

6'0 ax$ c x& b dx 6 x c

My ' dm '0 x ax c x# b $ dx '0 ax# c x$ b 12x dx 12'0 ax$ c x% b dx 12 x c

; M ' dm '0 ax c x# b $ dx 12'0 ax# c x$ b dx

is a function of x alone, the distribution of its

2 (x y) (2 0) is the center of mass.

$ dx 2'1 x"# dx 2 2x3

(x y) 7 " is the center of mass.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.