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'
3 c 4y# b y% A
b
y
5
&
4y
3
"
c"
3y c
a3 c 4y# b y% b dy
23 c
4
3
"
b 5
56
15
3y
4
c30
3 c y# c y
4
3
4
(y c 2)(y b 2) 0
8
12
c c 2 b
2
2
3 <2 c
'
A3
1 c
8
12
y
4
y
4
dy 3 y c
3 4 c
16
12
#
y
1# c#
$
3 1 c
12 c 4 8
'
cos 2x 1
2
!
3
3
1c
'
1$
c 3 c c8
b 3 63
1
1
1 c
'
2
c 1 c c1 b
"
3
x
3
2
2
b 1 2 2 c 1
3
2
1
4
3
sin 1#x
c
"
c"
4
1
66. A A1 b A2
a" c1, b" 0 and a# 0, b# 1;
f" (x) c g" (x) x c sin 1#x and f# (x) c g# (x) sin 1#x c x
by symmetry about the origin,
A" b A# 2A" A 2
x
#
2
2 c 1 cos 1#x c
'
<sin 1x c x dx
#
"
2
2
2 <c 1 0 c " c c 1 1 c 0
#
!
2
c
2 1 c " 2 4211
#
4 c1
1
305
306
Chapter 5 Integration
'
'
1c
'
1c
asec# x c tan# xb dx
1 dx [x]c1%
1
4
c c 1
4
1
#
1c
'
1c
2 asec# y c 1b A
2 asec# y c 1b dy
1%
2[tan y c y]c1% 2 <1 c 1 c c1 b 1
4
4
4 1 c 1 4 c 1
4
'
A3
1#
c2(0 c 1) 2
'
1
1
3
3
<sec# 13x c x"$ dx < 1 tan 13x c 4 x%$ "
c"
3
3
1 3 c 3 c 1 c3 c 3
4
4
6 3
1
71. A A" b A#
Limits of integration: x y$ and x y y y$
y$ c y 0 y(y c 1)(y b 1) 0 c" c1, d" 0
and c# 0, d# 1; f" (y) c g" (y) y$ c y and
f# (y) c g# (y) y c y$ by symmetry about the origin,
1
ay c y$ b dy 2 y c
#
#
"
2 " c 4
#
'
y
4
A" b A# 2A# A 2
"
#
"
!
72. A A" b A#
Limits of integration: y x$ and y x& x$ x&
x& c x$ 0 x$ (x c 1)(x b 1) 0 a" c1, b" 0
and a# 0, b# 1; f" (x) c g" (x) x$ c x& and
f# (x) c g# (x) x& c x$ by symmetry about the origin,
"
6
ax$ c x& b dx 2 x c
4
%
"
2 " c 6
4
'
x
6
'
A" b A# 2A# A 2
"
!
"
x
73. A A" b A#
Limits of integration: y x and y
307
,x0
"
'
'
xc# A#
"
#
A A" b A#
"
#
2
#
'
1
4
a0
and b
c0
"
x
A"
1%
2
#
c (0 b 1) 2 c 1
'
'
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
y dy 2 < 2 y$# !
3
c
4
3
entire shaded region can be found by setting c 4: A 4 4$# 438 32 . Since we want c to divide the region
3
3
4
into subsections of equal area we have A 2AL 32 2 3 c$# c 4#$
3
'
c
c
ac c x# b dx cx c
x
3
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
4
3
'
2 c$# c
c$# . Again, the area of the whole shaded region can be found by setting c 4 A
4
3
$#
#$
c4
32
3
32
3 .
#$
From the
as in part (b).
'
2
2
a4 c x# b dx 4x c
8 c 8 c c8 b 8 16 c
3
3
x
3
16
3
#
c#
32
3
'
4 (8)
3
(3 c y)"# dy c2
32
3
'
A2
#$
2(3 c y)"#
$
c"
c 4 <0 c (3 b 1)$#
3
308
Chapter 5 Integration
2
x
2
x
, x 0 x b x 2 x (2 c x)#
x 4 c 4x b x# x# c 5x b 4 0
(x c 4)(x c 1) 0 x 1, 4 (but x 4 does not
2
2
satisfy the equation); y x and y x x x
4
4
8 xx 64 x$ x 4.
Therefore, AREA A" b A# : f" (x) c g" (x) 1 b x"# c
0
"
8
4 2 c
1 b x"# c x dx x b 2 x$# c
4
3
16
8
c0
37
24 ; f# (x)
x
8
c"#
c g# (x) 2x
c 4 c " 4 c
8
15
8
17
8 ;
x
4
"
!
x
4
A#
'
x
2xc"# c 4 dx 4x"# c
37
24
17
8
37b51
24
88
24
x
8
1 b
2
3
'
A"
%
"
11
3
#
"
c3 c y c (y c 1)# d dy <3y c " y# c " (y c 1)$ " 6 c 2 c 3 c 3 c
3
#
4
3
7
6
15
6
80. A
'
2f(x) dx c
'
'
a!
'
f(x) dx 2
"
#
b 0 1 c
a
3
c0
"
3
"
#
7
6;
5
2
f(x) dx c
'
f(x) dx
a
4a
3
Therefore, A" b A#
'
"
4
y"# dy 2 2y3 3 ; f# (y) c g# (y) (3 c y) c (y c 1)#
'
3
4
4a
3
A#
'
#$
A" 2
which is independent of a.
f(x) dx 4
81. The lower boundary of the region is the line through the points az 1 c z2 b and z b 1 1 c az b 1b2 . The equation of this
line is y c a1 c z2 b
1 c az b 1 b 2 c 1 c z 2
ax
zb1cz
zb1
'
' z b acx2 b a2z b 1bx c z2 c zbdy <c 1 x3 b " a2z b 1bx2 c az2 b zbx zz b 1
3
#
1
c 1 az b 1b3 b " a2z b 1baz b 1b2 c az2 b zbaz b 1b c c 1 z3 b " a2z b 1bz2 c az2 b zbz 1 . No matter where we
3
#
3
#
6
choose z, the area of the region bounded by y 1 c x2 and the line through the points az 1 c z2 b and
z b 1 1 c az b 1b2 is always 1 .
6
82. It is sometimes true. It is true if f(x) g(x) for all x between a and b. Otherwise it is false. If the graph of f
lies below the graph of g for a portion of the interval of integration, the integral over that portion will be
negative and the integral over [a b] will be less than the area between the curves (see Exercise 71).
83. Let u 2x du 2 dx
sin 2x
x
'
dx
" du
#
sin u
u
'
du dx; x 1 u 2, x 3 u 6
'
sin u
u
'
'
f(1 c x) dx
f(u) (c du) c
'
f(u) du
'
f(u) du
'
f(x) dx
'
0
1
f(x) dx
'
f(cu) (c du)
'
c3
(b) Let u cx du c dx; x c1 u 1, x 0 u 0
'
0
a
'
0
1
f(x) dx
'
f(cu) (c du) c
'
cf(u) (c du)
f(u) du
'
'
f(x) dx
'
cf(cu) du
(b)
f(u) du c
'
f(u) du
f(u) du 3
u !. Thus
/2
'
f(x) dx.
/2
1c
'
f(acu) du
f(acx) dx
' f(u)bf(acu) ' f(x)bf(acx)
f(x) dx
f(acx) dx
f(x)bf(acx)
I b I ' f(x)bf(acx) b ' f(x)bf(acx) ' f(x)bf(acx) dx ' dx [x]! a c 0 a.
a
f(x) dx
f(x)bf(acx)
'
f(acu)
f(acu)bf(u)
Therefore, 2I a I
xy
"
t
xy
t
dt
a
#
'
"
c u du c
t
du c xy dt c xy du
t
#
88. Let u
'
(c du)
'
"
u
du
'
"
t
"
u
"
dt c u du
du
'
"
t
"
t
dt; t x u y, t xy u 1. Therefore,
dt
'
a c
90. (a)
f(x b c) dx
'
f(u) du
'
f(x) dx
(b)
(c)
309
310
Chapter 5 Integration
the right endpoint of the subinterval. We then add ?h to the height attained so far at the left endpoint vi to
arrive at the height associated with velocity vi 1 at the right endpoint. Using this methodology we build
the following table based on the figure in the text:
t (sec) 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6
6.0
v (fps) 0 10 25 55 100 190 180 165 150 140 130 115 105 90
76
65
h (ft)
0 2
9
25 56 114 188 257 320 378 432 481 525 564 592 620.2
b
t (sec)
v (fps)
h (ft)
6.4
50
643.2
6.8
37
660.6
7.2
25
672
7.6
12
679.4
8.0
0
681.8
NOTE: Your table values may vary slightly from ours depending on the v-values you read from the graph.
Remember that some shifting of the graph occurs in the printing process.
The total height attained is about 680 ft.
(b) The graph is based on the table in part (a).
311
2. (a) Each time subinterval is of length ?t 1 sec. The distance traveled over each subinterval, using the
midpoint rule, is ?s " avi b vi 1 b ?t, where vi is the velocity at the left, and vi 1 the velocity at the
#
b
right, endpoint of the subinterval. We then add ?s to the distance attained so far at the left endpoint vi
to arrive at the distance associated with velocity vi 1 at the right endpoint. Using this methodology we
build the table given below based on the figure in the text, obtaining approximately 26 m for the total
distance traveled:
t (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
v (m/sec)
0
0.5
1.2
2
3.4
4.5
4.8
4.5
3.5
2
0
s (m)
0
0.25
1.1
2.7
5.4
9.35
14
18.65 22.65 25.4 26.4
b
10
3. (a)
k1
10
ak
4
10
"
4
"
4
! ak
k1
"
(c2) c #
10
10
k1
10
(d)
k1
k1
5
#
10
c bk !
5
#
k1
20
k1
10
c ! bk
k1
! " c
#
2bk
7
20
k1
20
"
#
2
7
k1
'
(2x c 1)c"# dx
x ax# c 1b
x
2
"$
'
dx
20
! bk
"
#
1c
20
20
k1
k1
k1
k1
"
#
du dx; x 1 u 1, x 5 u 9
*
"
#
du x dx; x 1 u 0, x 3 u 8
)
3
8
(16 c 0) 6
2 du dx; x c1 u c 1 , x 0 u 0
#
cos x dx
#
'
0
2
(sin x)(cos x) dx
'
"
u du u
2
#
20
! (ak b bk ) ! ak b ! bk 0 b 7 7
(20) c 2 (7) 8
7
'
k1
1c
7. Let u
'
k1
k1
6. Let u x# c 1 du 2x dx
1
(b)
k1
20
5. Let u 2x c 1 du 2 dx
'
k1
(10) c 25 0
k1
k1
20
(d)
10
k1
5
#
20
k1
20
(c)
10
10
! 3ak 3 ! ak 3(0) 0
4. (a)
'
10
(c)
(b)
1
#
u1
"
#
Chapter 5 Integration
'
'
'
10. (a)
(c)
(e)
'
5
2
f(x) b g(x) dx
5
"
3
(12) 4
"
5
'
5
2
f(x) dx b
(d)
"
5
'
5
2
(b)
g(x) dx c2
c
3 f(x) dx
(e)
g(x) dx c
'
g(x) dx
(b)
0
2
(d)
f(x) dx
2
5
2
'
'
1
2
'
5
2
f(x) dx c
(c1 g(x)) dx c1
"
(6) b 5 (2)
"
7
"
5
'
'
c
c
(c)
"
3
'
5
2
f(x) dx
'
'
'
9. (a)
'
2
2
312
f(x) dx 6 c 4 2
8
5
g(x) dx
'
g(x) dx c
2 f(x) dx 2
'
'
g(x) dx 1 c 2 c1
f(x) dx 2 (1) 12
f(x) dx 1 c 31
11. x# c 4x b 3 0 (x c 3)(x c 1) 0 x 3 or x 1;
Area
'
ax# c 4x b 3b dx c
"
'
ax# c 4x b 3b dx
x c 2x# b 3x c x c 2x# b 3x
3
3
$
"
c 2(1) b 3(1) c 0
"
3
"
" b 1 c <0 c 3 b 1
3
0 4 c x# c 0 x 2;
#
x
12 c#
$
2 c
2
12
x
4
dx c
c x c
'
1 c
x
4
dx
$
x
12 #
c c2 c
(c2)
12
c 3 c
x c
1 c
< 4 c c 4 c 3 c 4
3
3
4
3
3
12
$
c 2 c
2
12
$
'
Area
x
4
12. 1 c
8
3
13
4
'
1
1
Area
5 c 5x#$ dx c
'
5 c 5x#$ dx
"
)
<5x c 3x&$ c" c <5x c 3x&$ "
<5(1) c 3(1)&$ c 5(c1) c 3(c1)&$
14. 1 c x 0 x 1;
Area
'
1 c x dx c
'
1 c x dx
"
%
<x c 2 x$# ! c <x c 2 x$# "
3
3
<1 c 2 (1)$# c 0 c <4 c 2 (4)$# c 1 c 2 (1)$#
3
3
3
" c <4 c 16 c " 2
3
3
3
'
4
2
"
x
"
x dx
x c
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
#
"
'
"
"
4
dx x b " # b # c # b 1 1
#
x
, a 1, b 2 A
c 22 c " c 2
#
'
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
x c 2x
#
#
"
x
x c
'
, a 1, b 2 A
"
7 c4 2
#
'
'
1 c 2x"# b x dx x c 4 x$# b
3
x
#
x
7
"
1c
!
"
#
"
7
"
!
x
#
1c
x c
'
'
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
4
3
"
#
"
6
1 c x# dx
(6 c 8 b 3)
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
'
'
'
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
y# dy
2
3
'
a1 c x$ b dx
'
9
14
a2y# c 0b dy
cy$ d ! 18
'
4y c
y
3
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
#
c#
2 8 c 8
3
'
32
3
2
2
'
1 c 2x b x dx
"
6
313
a4 c y# b dy
a1 c 2x$ b x' b dx
Chapter 5 Integration
yb2
4
y
4
314
y# c y c 2 0 (y c 2)(y b 1) 0 y c1
2
yb2 c
4
'
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
"
4
'
"
4
8
"
< 4 b 4 c 3 c " c 2 b 3
#
#
y b 2y c
#
y c4
4
y
3
y
4
y
4
dy
#
c"
9
8
"
4
ay b 2 c y# b dy
'
, g(y)
yb2
4
or y 2 c c1, d 2; f(y)
y b 16
4
y# c y c 20 0 (y c 5)(y b 4) 0 y c4
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
'
, g(y)
y b 16 c
4
y c4
4
y c4
4
#
'
y b 16
4
or y 5 c c4, d 5; f(y)
dy
"
4
'
"
4
"
4
y b 20y c
#
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
x b cos x
#
1%
!
'
2
#
1
3# b
#
'
A
#
1c
'
(1 b sin x) dx b
2
'
'
[f(x) c g(x)] dx
'
2
2
1c
&
c%
243
8
c1
'
(x c sin x) dx
y
3
1
4
1
"
4
ay b 20 c y# b dy
1
2
a1 c ksin xkb dx
(1 c sin x) dx
1#
2 1 c 1 1 c 2
#
25. a 0, b 1, f(x) c g(x) 2 sin x c sin 2x
'
cos 2x 1
#
!
315
'
3
#
3
3
1c
1$
c 3 c c8
3
#
b 3 63
'
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
'
<y c (2 c y) dy
y c 2 b y dy 2 y$# c 2y b
3
4 2 c 4 b 2 c 2 c 2 b "
3
3
#
4
3
y
#
'
#
"
2 c
7
6
8 2 c7
6
6y c
y
#
7
3
[f(y) c g(y)] dy
4c
"
#
y
3
'
a6 c y c y# b dy
8
12 c 2 c 3 c 6 c
"
24 c 14 b 3
6
"
#
"
c 3
13
6
a# 1 c
4
3
b "
#
a
6
'
a c 2a x"# b x dx ax c 4 a x$# b
3
(6 c 8 b 3)
'
"
"
10
x
#
4
a# c 3 a aa b
0
a
6
y#$ c y dy
y#$ c y dy 3y5 c
$&
A#
y
#
3y5 c
'
y
#
a"# c x"# # dx
#
!
c"
ax$ c 3x# b dx c x c x$ c 81 c 27
4
4
'
30. A
'
11
10
6
5
a
#
'
27
4
Chapter 5 Integration
'
'
(cos x c sin x) dx b
'
32. A
316
(sin x c cos x) dx
1%
$1#
"
t
'
36. y
'
dy
dx
sin t
t
5
x
1
'
8 2
#
"
x
d y
dx
2c
"
x
; y(1) 1 b
1 b 2sec x
dy
dx
d y
dx
1 b 2sec t dt 0 and x 0
dt c 3
dy
dx
2
#
c 2 42 c 2
2x b
1 b 2sec t dt
x0 y
35. y
dt
;x5 y
sin x
x
2 c sin# t dt b 2 so that
'
sin t
t
"
t
1 b 2sec 0 3
dt c 3 c3
'
2 c sin# x; x c1 y
dy
dx
dt 1 and yw (1) 2 b 1 3
dy
dx
'
'
2
#
2
#
c c
34. y
'
2
#
33. y x# b
2
#
b (c1 b 0) c c
2
#
2
#
2
#
2 c sin# t dt b 2 2
#
"
#"
#
"
#"c
"
#
b C c2uc"# b C
du d)
"
"
"
' u b 2 sec# u # du # ' uc"# b 2 sec# u du
t
' t c 2t t b 2t dt ' t# c t4 dt ' at# c 4tc# b dt t3 c 4 c1 b C t3 b 4t b C
"c
t
t
' (tb1) c1 dt ' t b2t dt ' t" b t2 dt ' atc# b 2tc$ b dt (c1) b 2 c# b C c "t c t" b C
t
t
#c
"c
%
#
' t sin #t$# dt " ' sin u du c " cos u b C c " cos#t$# b C
$
$
$
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
42.
41.
"
#
b 2 sec# (#) c 1) d)
(2)b1)
4
#
"
"
2 ) c1
"
#
"
4
b sin u b C"
#"
'
bC
du d)
40. Let u 2) c 1 du 2 d)
c2
(tan x)
39. Let u 2) b 1 du 2 d)
#"
'
46.
'
47.
'
48.
'
49.
'
"
"
4
1 v
27
'
dv
#(
dt
1 tt
'
'
dt
1 b u
u
#"
'
du
c2
4
50. Let x 1 b u dx
'
' sec ) tan) " b sec ) d) ' u"# du # u$# b C # a" b sec )b$# b C
$
$
a3x# c 4x b 7b dx cx$ c 2x# b 7xd c" c1$ c 2(1)# b 7(1)d c c(c1)$ c 2(c1)# b 7(c1)d 6 c (c10) 16
#$
45.
317
uc"# du 2 dx
du
u
(c2)
1
; u 1 x 2, u 4 x 3
4
3
3$# c 4 2$# 43 c 8 2
3
3
4
3
33 c 22
36 dx
0 (2xb1)
"
'
'
(7 c 5r)c#$ dr
'
"
"
uc#$ c 5 du c 5 <3u"$ (
3
53. Let u 1 c x#$ du c 2 xc"$ dx c # du xc"$ dx; x
3
'
dx
3 4
273
160
3
3
u$# c # du c 2 u 5
"
36
x$ a1 b 9x% b
" 25
c 18 16
c"#
c$#
dx
'
"
5
%1
'
1
8
1
4
"
16
"
16
1
8
'
"
4
"
5
u
<2 c
sin 2u &1
4
!
1 c
#
#&"'
"
3
4
, x 1 u 1 c 1#$ 0
!
3
3
3
3 &#
<c 5 u&# $% c 5 (0)&# c c 5 4
"
#
"
u 1 b 9 #
25
16
#&"'
"
<c 18 uc"# "
sin 101
#0
du dt; t 0 u c 1 , t
4
$%
#$
du dr; r 0 u 0, r 1 u 51
du 4 dt
cos# 4t c 1 dt
4
c
"
90
asin# ub " du
5
1c
56. Let u 4t c
'
sin# 5r dr
"
"
uc$# 36 du 36 uc
"
c c 18 (1)c"#
55. Let u 5r du 5 dr
'
25 16
'
1 2
"
u 1 c 8
du x$ dx; x 0 u 1, x
#
"
#"c
$#
1 8
xc"$ 1 c x#$
#&
'
"
8
!
3
3
7 c 2
3
5
acos# ub " du
4
"
4
<u b
2
sin 2u $1%
4
c1%
c 0 c
1
4
"
4
sin 0
20
u
1
38 b
1
#
31
4
sin 3
4
#
'
"
c 4 c 1 b
8
sin c
4
#
dr
3
0 (7 c 5r)
1
#
'
Chapter 5 Integration
$1%
59. Let u
1
cot#
x
6
x
6
dx
'
63 c 21
60. Let u
'
tan#
)
3
)
3
"
6
du
du
d)
'
"
3
31
4
c c cot 1 2
4
dx 6 du dx; x 1 u 1 , x 31 u
6
'
'
c tan 0 3
6 cot# u du 6
1#
d) 3 du d); ) 0 u 0, ) 1 u
sec#
)
3
c 1 d)
'
1
#
1
3
tan
'
1$
58.
'
$1
57.
318
c 1 c 6 ccot
#
1
6
c 1
6
1
3
1$
1
#
<3 tan
1
3
c 3 1 c (3 tan 0 c 0)
3
33 c 1
61.
'
62.
'
0
3
1c
31
4
c c csc 1 c2 b 2 0
4
'
'
1
#
u1
"
"
'
2x sin a1 c x# b dx
c sin u du 0
15 sin% 3x cos 3x dx
'
'
"
3
1
du cos 3x dx; x c 1 u sin c 3# 1, x
#
15u% " du
3
'
1
#
c"
1c
'
1 2
3 sin x cos x
1 b 3 sin x
dx
'
"
u
"
# du
'
$#
sec x
(1 b 7 tan x)
1
4
2
3
(8 c 1)
1
#
3
u cos #
u 1 b 3 sin#
"
#
"
uc"# du 2 u <u"# " 4"# c 1"# 1
dx
'
"
u
"
7 du
'
"
7
"
"
uc#$ du 7 u < 3 u"$ "
7
3
"
3
7
1
4
(8)"$ c 3 (1)"$
7
"
#
14
3
8
$#
'
2
" c$ c 3 (1)c$
#
21
3
"
7
2
3
#"
'
"
#
"
"
"#
$"
$c
'
1
u sin 3# c1
'
3
7
1
#
#
"
cos t
2 t
k
k
"
#
(mx b b) dx
"
#k
w
73. fav
"
bca
'
uc$# du
dt 2 du
cos t
t
dt; t
1
36
u sin
1
6
"
#
"
b ca
"
"
uc"# du <4u "# 41 c 4 # 2 2 c 2
"
b ca
c"
mx b bx
2
a x"# dx
b
[f(x)]a
"
mx b bx
2
3 x"# dx
f w (x) dx
1 2
(mx b b) dx
(b) yav
'
2 c 1
k
k
"
#
"
#k
'
'
"
3c0
"
2
"
#
(2 du) 2
du
#1
'
"
k c (ck)
(b) av(f)
'
"
1 c (c1)
"
2 u
1
"
1 2 u
dt
#1
cos t
36 t sin t
'
1
3
1
#
'
u sin
1
4
d)
u sec
'
sec ) tan )
sec ) tan )
d)
2 (sec ))
sec ) 2 sec )
0
#
2
2
2
2u c 2(2) c c 2(1)
"
u
c c
#
"
#"c
"
2
'
d)
tan )
2 sec )
#$
'
1
3
#$
319
(2b) b
"
#k
(2bk) b
3
3
< 2 x$# $
3
!
3
3
3
3
23 2
a
a
2
< 3 x$# a
!
a
a
2
2
3 (a)$# c 3 (0)$#
a
a
2
3 aa
[f(b) c f(a)]
f(b) c f(a)
bca
2
3
slope of the secant line joining the points (a f(a)) and (b f(b)), which is the average rate of change of f over [a b].
74. Yes, because the average value of f on [a b] is
and the average value of the function is
"
#
'
"
bca
'
f(x) dx.
#'a#!b
#"!
")(a#!b
$"!
&
c )#(a#!b b
")(a'(&b
$"!
")(T
$"!
&
&
'
dx
$(
$'&
!b
#&
$'&
$'& #&.
'(&
#'a'(&b
#"!
dx is
#'T
#"!
&
&
'
&
&('
!
"
'&& )#(a'(&b
"
'&& )#(T
#&
$'&
#1
sin $'& ax c "!"bdx b
#&
$'&
'#
&'$
"
'(&c#!
'
#1
sin $'& ax c "!"bdx b
76.
$(
$'&
'
&'$
#1
&'$
1#
&'$
#1
Notice that the period of y sin $'& ax c "!"b is
$(
$'&
'
"
$'&
&'$
f(x) dx
&'$
'
&'$
"
$'& c !
#!
"
'&& a$(#%%%
c "'&%!b
&%$ the average value of Cv on [20, 675]. To find the temperature T at which Cv &%$, solve
&%$ )#( b "!c& a#'T c ")(T# b for T. We obtain ")(T# c #'T c #)%!!! !
#' a#'b c %a")(bac#)%!!!b
#"#%**'
#' $(%
.
#a")(b
dy
dx
2 b cos$ x
78.
dy
dx
2 b cos3 a7x2 b
d
2
dx a7x b
Chapter 5 Integration
dy
dx
d
dx c
80.
dy
dx
'
' x $ b t dt9 c $b'x
d
dx
79.
#
d
d
tan
"
"
'sec x t b " dt9 c dx '#sec x t b " dt9 c sec " b " dx asec xb c secbxsec xx
x
"
#
320
81. Yes. The function f, being differentiable on [a b], is then continuous on [a b]. The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus says that every continuous function on [a b] is the derivative of a function on [a b].
82. The second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that if F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x) on [a b], then
'
'
1 b x% dx
F(1) c F(0).
84. y
'
"
cos x 1 c t
dt c
'
cos x
"
1ct
dt
dy
dx
d
dx
dy
dx
d
dx
'
d
'1x 1 b t# dt c dx '1x 1 b t# dt c1 b x#
cos x
"
d
"
c 1 c cos x dx (cos x) c sin x (c sin x)
"
1ct
'x1 1 b t# dt c'1x 1 b t# dt
"
sin x
d
dt c dx
'
cos x
"
1ct
83. y
dt
csc x
85. We estimate the area A using midpoints of the vertical intervals, and we will estimate the width of the parking lot on each
interval by averaging the widths at top and bottom. This gives the estimate
A "& ! b $' b $' b &% b &% b &" b &" b#%*& b %*&#b &% b &% b#'%% b '%% b '(& b '(&#b %#
#
#
#
#
A &*'" ft# . The cost is Area ($2.10/ft# ) a5961 ft# b a$2.10/ft# b $12,518.10 the job cannot be done for $11,000.
86. (a) Before the chute opens for A, a c32 ft/sec# . Since the helicopter is hovering, v! 0 ft/sec
v ' c32 dt c32t b v! c32t. Then s! 6400 ft s ' c32t dt c16t# b s! c16t# b 6400.
(b) For B, s! 7000 ft, v! 0, a c32 ft/sec# v ' c32 dt c32t b v! c32t s ' c32t dt
c16t# b s! c16t# b 7000. At t 13 sec, s c16(13)# b 7000 4296 ft when B's chute opens;
(c) After the chutes open, v c16 ft/sec s ' c16 dt c16t b s! . For A, s! 6144 ft and for B,
s! 4296 ft. Therefore, for A, s c16t b 6144 and for B, s c16t b 4296. When they hit the ground,
s 0 for A, 0 c16t b 6144 t 6144 384 seconds, and for B, 0 c16t b 4296 t 4296
16
16
268.5 seconds to hit the ground after the chutes open. Since B's chute opens 58 seconds after A's opens
B hits the ground first.
CHAPTER 5 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES
f(x) dx
7f(x) dx
"
7
(7) 1
"
8x dx c4x# d ! 4, but
f(x) dx c
'
'
"
8x dx 22 x 3
!
4 2
3
1$# c 0$#
4 2
3
f(x) dx c3
[f(x) b g(x)] dx
'
5
2
(b) True:
'
'
f(x) dx b
'
5
2
2. (a) True:
'
'
g(x) dx
'
2
2
"
7
f(x) dx b
'
f(x) dx b
'
5
2
'
#$
g(x) dx 4 b 3 b 2 9
'
5
2
f(x) dx 4 b 3 7 2
'
g(x) dx
'
sin ax
a
'
dx
cos ax
'
'
f(t) sin at dt c
'
sin ax
a
cos ax
a
x
'
dx
f(t) sin at dt c
cos ax
a
cos ax
dy
dx
0
x
'
"
0 1 b 4t
a1 b 4y# b
"
#
dt
"
1b4y
f(t) cos at dt c
d
dx
(x)
dy
dx
c"#
'
cos ax
a
'
d
dx
"
1 b 4t
dy
4y dx
(8y) dy
dx
1 b 4y
'
dt
'
d
dy
d y
dx
1 b 4y# . Then
dy
dx
'
4y 1 b 4y
1 b 4y
"
1 b 4t
d
dx
1 b 4y#
4y. Thus
'
4. x
'
b a# sinaax
'
'
'
b a cos ax
f(t) sin at dt
d y
dx
#
'
d
b (sin ax) dx
[g(x) c f(x)] dx 0.
f(t) cos at dt b
f(t) cos at dt c
x
'
sin ax
a
"
a
'
[f(x) c g(x)] dx 0
'
'
(c) False:
321
1 b 4y# dy
dx
d
dy
proportionality is 4.
'
f(t) dt x cos 1x
f ax# b
'
f(x)
cos 1x c 1x sin 1x
.
2x
t# dt t3
$
(b)
d
dx
f(x)
"
3
'
5. (a)
Thus, x 2 f(4)
(f(x))$
"
3
"
4
3
(f(x))$ x cos 1x (f(x))$ 3x cos 1x f(x) 3x cos 1 x
3
3
f(4) 3(4) cos 41 12
a
#
sin a b
f(a) Fw (a) a b
7.
'
"
#
1
#
sin a b
a
#
cos a c
f(x) dx b# b 1 c 2 f(b)
d
db
1
#
'
sin a f 1
#
'
f(x) dx
"
#
d
dx
'
f(u)(x c u) du
d
dx
' '
d
dx
'
ab# b 1b
1
#
"
#
1
#
sin
c"#
(2b)
f(t) dt du
f(u) x du c
d
dx
'
'
cos
b
b b 1
#
1
#
1
#
a
#
a
#
sin a b
sin
1
#
f(x)
1
#
1
#
cos a
"
#
1
#
x
x b 1
#
a
#
f(x) dx
'
6.
u f(u) du
"
#
322
Chapter 5 Integration
d
dx
'
'
f(u) du c
'
d
dx
u f(u) du
'
d
f(u) du b x dx
f(u) du c xf(x)
'
f(u) du. Since each side has the same derivative, they differ by a constant, and since both sides equal 0
9.
'
' '
x
f(t) dt du
'
f(u)(x c u) du.
dy
dx
y x$ b 2x c 4
10. The acceleration due to gravity downward is c32 ft/sec# v ' c32 dt c32t b v! , where v! is the initial
velocity v c32t b 32 s ' (c32t b 32) dt c16t# b 32t b C. If the release point, at t !, is s 0, then
C 0 s c16t# b 32t. Then s 17 17 c16t# b 32t 16t# c 32t b 17 0. The discriminant of this
quadratic equation is c64 which says there is no real time when s 17 ft. You had better duck.
3
8
'
'
0
8
x#$ dx b
'
3
4
f(x) dx
'
0
4
c4 dx
c 0)
'
cx dx b
$
< 3 x&$ ! b [c4x]!
5
c)
0 c 3 (c8)&$ b (c4(3)
5
36
5
12.
f(x) dx
'
11.
13.
'
c3
g(t) dt
'
c 4(3) c 0
7
3
16
3
3
3
<0 c c (4)
$#
c 12
ax# c 4b dx
<c 2 (cx)$# c% b x c 4x
3
3
2
3
96
5
t dt b
"
'
sin 1t dt
"
t2 b <c 1 cos 1t "
#
"
"
" c 0 b <c 1 cos 21 c c 1 cos 1
#
"
#
14.
'
2
1
h(z) dz
'
1 c z dz b
'
(7z c 6)c"$ dz
"
#
3
<c 2 (1 c z)$# ! b < 14 (7z c 6)#$ "
3
<c 2 (1 c 1)$# c c 2 (1 c 0)$#
3
3
3
b < 14 (7(2) c 6)#$ c
3
55
2 b 6 c 14 42
3
7
3
14
(7(1) c 6)#$
x
3
"
c"
c"
c"b
#
'
13
3
a1 c r# b dr b
'
dr
"
2
3
b 1 c
b1
"
bca
1
3
c 0 b a2 c 1b
7
6
'
f(x) dx
"
#c0
'
1 c 0 b 2 c 2 c 1 c 1
#
#
#
#
"
bca
'
f(x) dx
"
3c0
'
"
#
f(x) dx
"
#
r dr b
b 2(2) c 2(1)
b r c r3 b [r]#
"
(c1)
#
0 c
2 dx
'
x dx b
'
(x c 1) dx
"
#
"
"
x b # x c x
2
2
#
r2
'
h(r) dr
'
(c1)
3
c c1 c
c c 2 b 4 c 2
3
2
3
'
1
3
16.
a1 c x# b dx b
b [2x]#
"
ac1 c (c2)b b 1 c
1b
[x]c" b x c
c#
'
dx b
'
f(x) dx
'
15.
#
"
"
#
f(x) dx
"
3
'
dx b
'
'
0 dx b
1c0
n
dx
"
3
[1 c 0 b 0 b 3 c 2]
2
" . Then " , n , ,
n
n
&
n
n
2
3
are the
j
"
right-hand endpoints of the subintervals. Since f is increasing on [0 1], U ! n n is the upper sum for
j 1
"
x& dx x
6
'
"
6
1c0
n
2
" . Then " , n , ,
n
n
$
b2 bbn
n
'
'
" &
2 &
n &
n b n b b n n lim 1
_
&
"
n
&
j
f(x) x& on [0 1] n lim ! n " n lim
n
_
_
j 1
&
&
n
n
are the
j
"
right-hand endpoints of the subintervals. Since f is increasing on [0 1], U ! n n is the upper sum for
j 1
"
x$ dx x
4
%
"
4
lim "
n_ n
" $
n
2
n $
1c0
n
2
" . Then " , n , ,
n
n
j 1
j
"
y f(x) on [0 1] n lim ! f n n n lim
_
_
j 1
"
22. (a) n lim n [2 b 4 b 6 b b 2n] n lim
_
_
on [0 1] (see Exercise 21)
"
n
"
n
n
b b n n lim 1
_
j
"
f n n
4
n
6
n
b b
2n
n
'
are the
is a Riemann sum of
"
<f n b f 2 b b f n
n
n
<2 b
n
n
n
b2 bbn
n
%
'
"
n
f(x) x on [0 1] n lim !
_
j 1
j
n
'
f(x) dx
"
323
Chapter 5 Integration
1 "&
2 "&
n "&
n b n b b n
"
n
'"
'
'
"
"
16 ,
x"& dx x
16
'"
324
where
"
1
1
"
"
"
(c) n lim " <sin 1 b sin 2n b b sin nn
sin n1 dx <c 1 cos 1x ! c 1 cos 1 c c 1 cos 0
n
_ n
0
2
1 , where f(x) sin 1x on [0 1] (see Exercise 21)
"
"
n n lim
_ n
'"
("
&"
n lim n n lim
_
_
"
n
'
x"& dx
n
n
'"
"
n
(e) n lim
_
'
'"
23. (a) Let the polygon be inscribed in a circle of radius r. If we draw a radius from the center of the circle (and
the polygon) to each vertex of the polygon, we have n isosceles triangles formed (the equal sides are equal
1
to r, the radius of the circle) and a vertex angle of )n where )n 2n . The area of each triangle is
21
n
n1 r
21
n lim
_
sin
21
n
n lim a1r# b
_
nr
#
sin 2n
2n
1
sin
sin )n
nr
#
nr
#
sin
21
n .
a1 r # b
lim
2 1 n 0
sin 2n
2n
1
" #
# r
An
1 r#
"
2
n
24. Partition [! 1] into n subintervals, each of length ?x 1 with the points x! 0, x" n , x# n , , xn n 1.
n
The inscribed rectangles so determined have areas
#
#
2 #
f(x! ) ?x (0)# ?x, f(x" ) ?x " ?x, f(x# ) ?x n ?x, , f(xn 1 ) n c 1 ?x. The sum of these areas
n
n
#
#
#
x# dx
1
3
#
$
#
$
(c) gac"b
'
1
n
2
n
(n c ")
n
"
n
b b
(n c ")
n
$
(b)
b b
'
ga$b '
2
n
(n c 1)
n
Sn n lim " b
n
_
b b
lim
n_
2
n
2
is Sn 0# b " b n b b n c 1 ?x " b
n
n
n
. Then
"
3.
fatb dt !
fatb dt c " a#ba"b c"
#
(d) gw axb faxb ! x c$, ", $ and the sign chart for gw axb faxb is
relative maximum at x ".
(e) gw ac"b fac"b # is the slope and gac"b
y #x b # c 1 .
(f) gww axb f w axb ! at x c" and gww axb f w axb is negative on ac$ c"b and positive on ac" "b so there is an
inflection point for g at x c". We notice that gww axb f w axb ! for x on ac" #b and gww axb f w axb ! for x on
a# %b, even though gww a#b does not exist, g has a tangent line at x #, so there is an inflection point at x #.
(g) g is continuous on c$ % and so it attains its absolute maximum and minimum values on this interval. We saw in (d)
that gw axb ! x c$, ", $. We have that
"
' c$ fatb dt c'c$ fatb dt c 1##
1
gac$b
c#1
' fatb dt !
$
ga$b ' fatb dt c"
%
ga%b ' fatb dt c" b " " " c "
#
#
ga"b
Thus, the absolute minimum is c#1 and the absolute maximum is !. Thus, the range is c#1 !.
325
'x cos 2t dt b " sin x c ' x cos 2t dt b " yw cos x c cosa2xb; when x 1 we have
1
yw cos 1 c cosa21b c" c " c#. And yww csin x b 2sina2xb; when x 1, y sin 1 b ' cos 2t dt b "
x
1
26. y sin x b
! b ! b " ".
"
1ct
"
sin x
cos x
29. g(y)
'
30. f(x)
'
x 3
"
cos x
dx
d "
dx c " dx x
x
"
x
"
c x c x
"
x
"
x
2
x
"
d
"
d
dt f w (x) 1 c sin x dx (sin x) c 1 c cos x dx (cos x)
#
sin x
"
x
dt f w (x)
cos x
cos x
#
'
"
t
sin x
sin x
#
28. f(x)
1/x
"
'
27. f(x)
#
#
d
d
sin t# dt gw (y) sin 2y dy 2y c sin y dy y
sin 4y
y
sin y
2 y
d
t(5 c t) dt f w (x) (x b 3)(& c (x b 3)) dx (x b 3) c x(5 c x) dx (x b 3)(2 c x) c x(5 c x)
dx
326
Chapter 5 Integration
NOTES