Chemistry 101 - 2001

Answers Assignment #2 and Quiz 2

Based on the following questions taken from the 3
rd
edition of
McMurry and Fay (5.41 means question 41 from the end of
chapter 5)
5.41, 5.43, 5.44, 5.45, 5.47, 5.49, 5.57, 5.63
Or based on the following questions taken from the 2
nd
edition
of McMurry and Fay (5.41 means question 41 from the end of
chapter 5)
5.45, 5.47, 5.48, 5.49, 5.51, 5.53, 5.63, 5.69

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3
rd
edtion (2
nd
edition)
5.41 (5.45). What is the de Broglie wavelength (in meters) of a mosquito weighing 1.55
mg and flying at 1.38 m s
-1
.
Answer:
= h / (mv) = (6.626 x 10
-34
J s) / ( 1.55 x 10
-3
g x 1.38 m s
-1
) =
=(6.626 x 10
-34
kg m
2
s
-2
. s) / ( 1.55 x 10
-6
kg x 1.38 m s
-1
) = 3.10 x 10
-28
m.
Note: be careful in the conversion of units.
1 mg = 1 x 10
-3
g = 1x 10
-6
kg and 1 J = 1 kg m
2
s
-2
.
5.43 (5.47). What velocity would an electron (mass = 9.11 x 10
-31
kg) need for its de
Broglie wavelength to be that of red light (750 nm)?
Answer:
v = h / (m) = (6.626 x 10
-34
J s) / ( 9.11 x 10
-31
kg x 750 x 10
-9
m) = 9.70 x 10
2
m.
5.44 (5.48). According to the equation for the Balmer line spectrum of hydrogen, a value
of n = 3 gives a red spectral line at 656.3 nm, a value of n = 4 gives a green line at 486.1
nm and a value of n = 5 gives a blue line at 434.0 nm. Calculate the energy (in kilojoules
per mole) of the radiation corresponding to each of these spectral lines.
Answer: To get the answer in kJ mol
-1
you must multiply h by N
A
.
a N h
N hc x mol x J s x
A
A
)
. . .
.
E
m s
656.3nm 10 m nm
J kJ mol
-1
-9 -1
-1

6 022 10 6 626 10 2 998 10

182300 182 3
23 1 34 8
b N h
N hc x mol x J s x
A
A
)
. . .
.
E
m s
486.1nm 10 m nm
J kJ mol
-1
-9 -1
-1

6 022 10 6 626 10 2 998 10

246100 246 1
23 1 34 8
c N h
N hc x mol x J s x
A
A
)
. . .
.
E
m s
434.0 nm 10 m nm
J kJ mol
-1
-9 -1
-1

6 022 10 6 626 10 2 998 10

275600 275 6
23 1 34 8
5.45 (5.49). According to the values cited in the previous question, the wavelength
differences between lines in the Balmer series become smaller as n becomes larger. In
other words, the wavelengths converge toward a minimum value as n becomes very
large. At what wavelength (in nanometers) do the lines converge?
Answer: Balmer series m = n
lower
= 2; n = n
higher
= infinity at the convergence limit.
R = 1.097 x 10
-2
nm
-1
1 1 1
1 097 10
1
2
1
2 74 10 365
2 2
2 1
2 2
3 1

1
]
1

1
]
1


R
m n
x nm x nm nm . .
infinty

5.47 (5.51). Lines in the Brackett series of the hydrogen spectrum are caused by the
emission of energy accompanying the fall of an electron from outer shells to the fourth
shell. The lines can be calculated using the Balmer-Rydberg equation:
1 1 1
2 2

1
]
1
R
m n
where m = 4, R = 1.097 x 10
-2
nm
-1
and n is an integer greater than 4. Calculate the
wavelengths (in nanometers) and the energies (in kilojoules per mole) of the first two
lines of the Brackett series. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum do they fall?
Answer:
Brackett series m = n
lower
= 4; for the first two lines n = n
upper
= 5 and 6.
( )
1 1 1
1097 10
1
4
1
5
0 000247
4 05 10
6 626 10
1998 10
4 05 10
4 90 10
4 90 10 6 022 10 29 500 29
2 2
2 1
2 2
1
6
34
8 1
6
20
20 23 1 1

1
]
1

1
]
1

_
,

R
m n
x nm nm
x m
E h
c
x J s
x m s
x m
x J
E E N x J x mol Jmol
A
. .
.
.
.
.
.
' . . , .

per molecule
per mole
5
1
kJmol

( )
1 1 1
1097 10
1
4
1
6
0000381
2 63 10
6626 10
1998 10
2 63 10
7 55 10
4 90 10 6 022 10 29 500 45
2 2
2 1
2 2
1
6
34
8 1
6
20
20 23 1 1

1
]
1

1
]
1

_
,

R
m n
x nm nm
x m
E h
c
x J s
x m s
x m
x J
E E N x J x mol Jmol
A
. .
.
.
.
.
.
' . . , .

per molecule
per mole
5
1
kJmol

5.49 (5.53). Excited rubidium atoms emit red light with = 795 nm. What is the energy
difference (in kilojoules per mole) between orbitals that give rise to this emission?
Answer:
( )

per mole

_
,

795 7 95 10
6 626 10
2 998 10
7 95 10
6 022 10
150 000 150
7
34
8 1
7
23 1
1 1
nm x m
E E N h
c
N x J s
x m s
x m
x mol
Jmol kJmol
A A
.
' .
.
.
.
,
5.57 (5.63). Give orbital designations of electrons with the following quantum numbers:
a) n = 3, l = 0, m
l
= 0 b) n = 2, l = 1, m
l
= -1
c) n = 4, l = 3, m
l
= -2 d) n = 4, l = 2, m
l
= 0
Answer:
a) n = 3, l = 0, m
l
= 0 is a 3s orbital
b) n = 2, l = 1, m
l
= -1 is a 2p orbital (actually a 2p
-1
orbital)
c) n = 4, l = 3, m
l
= -2 is a 4f orbital (actually a 4f
-2
orbital)
d) n = 4, l = 2, m
l
= 0 is a 4d orbital (actually a 4d
0
orbital)
5.63 (5.69). The mass of a helium atom is 4.0026 amu, and its average velocity at 25
o
C is
1.36x10
3
m s
-1
. What is the uncertainty (in meters) in the position of a helium at if the
uncertainty in its velocity is 1%.
Answer:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
m amu . x k
kg ms x kg ms
x kg ms x kg ms
x m
h
x
h
m
x kg m s
x kg ms
x m nm
He

4 0026 1661 10
9 04 10
9 04 10 9 04 10
4
4
6 626 10
4 31415926 9 04 10
583 10 0583
27
1 24 1
24 1 26 1
34 2 1
26 1
10
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
x g = 6.648x10 kg
mv = 6.648x10 x 1.36 x 10
mv = 0.01 x
v
v


-27
-27 3

Thus, the uncertainty in measuring the position of the He atom is comparable to the
size of the He atom (whose diameter is approximately 0.2 nm)
Quiz questions not taken directly from assignment

Section F01 ( quizzes A*, C*, E*)
Section F03 ( quizzes B, D)

8. Which of the following will have the LONGEST de Broglie wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv

For to be large we want m and v both to be small. Since the mass of

the electron is much smaller (by a factor of 2000) than the proton or
neutron, the correct answer must be a) in the list above since in c) the
electron is moving faster that in a).

9. If the value of the Rydberg constant is 1.097x10
-2
nm
-1
, the wavelength
of the SECOND line in the Lyman seris (n
lower
= 1) is:

Answer: The second line in the Lyman series is n = 3 going to n = 1.
Substituting this in the equation we get:
1 1 1
1 097 10
1
1
1
3
9 75 10
1
9 75 10
102 6
2 2
2 1
2 2
3 1
3 1

_
,

_
,




R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.

10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?
Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .

In this question all the matches are correct.



Section F01( quizzes B*, D*)
Section F02 ( quizzes A, B, C, D, E)
Section F03( quizzes A, C, E)

8. Which of the following will have the SHORTEST de Broglie
wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv

For to be small we want m and v both to be large. Since the mass of

the electron is much smaller (by a factor of 2000) than the proton or
neutron, we can eliminate the electron. The masses of the proton and
neutron are almost the same, so correct answer must be d) in the list
above since in b) and e) the velocity is only half that in d).

9. If the value of the Rydberg constant is 1.097x10
-2
nm
-1
, the wavelength
of the THIRD line in the Lyman seris (n
lower
= 1) is:

Answer: The third line in the Lyman series is n = 4 going to n = 1.
Substituting this in the equation we get:
1 1 1
1 097 10
1
1
1
4
1 028 10
1
1 028 10
97 2
2 2
2 1
2 2
2 1
2 1

_
,

_
,




R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.

10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?

Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .

Therefore the designation {5,4,1} is not a 5f orbital but a 5g orbital since
l is not 3.

Section F04 ( quizzes A, B, C, D, E)

8. Which of the following will have the SHORTEST de Broglie
wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1

e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1

Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv

For to be small we want m and v both to be large. Since the mass of

the electron is much smaller (by a factor of 2000) than the proton or
neutron, we can eliminate the electron. The masses of the proton and
neutron are almost the same, so correct answer must be d) in the list
above since in b) and e) the velocity is only half that in d).

9. If the value of the Rydberg constant is 1.097x10
-2
nm
-1
, the wavelength
of the SECOND line in the Lyman seris (n
lower
= 1) is:

Answer: The second line in the Lyman series is n = 3 going to n = 1.
Substituting this in the equation we get:
1 1 1
1 097 10
1
1
1
3
9 75 10
1
9 75 10
102 6
2 2
2 1
2 2
3 1
3 1

_
,

_
,




R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.

10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?
Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .

In this question all the matches are correct.