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1
]
1
1
]
1
R
m n
x nm x nm nm . .
infinty
5.47 (5.51). Lines in the Brackett series of the hydrogen spectrum are caused by the
emission of energy accompanying the fall of an electron from outer shells to the fourth
shell. The lines can be calculated using the Balmer-Rydberg equation:
1 1 1
2 2
1
]
1
R
m n
where m = 4, R = 1.097 x 10
-2
nm
-1
and n is an integer greater than 4. Calculate the
wavelengths (in nanometers) and the energies (in kilojoules per mole) of the first two
lines of the Brackett series. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum do they fall?
Answer:
Brackett series m = n
lower
= 4; for the first two lines n = n
upper
= 5 and 6.
( )
1 1 1
1097 10
1
4
1
5
0 000247
4 05 10
6 626 10
1998 10
4 05 10
4 90 10
4 90 10 6 022 10 29 500 29
2 2
2 1
2 2
1
6
34
8 1
6
20
20 23 1 1
1
]
1
1
]
1
_
,
R
m n
x nm nm
x m
E h
c
x J s
x m s
x m
x J
E E N x J x mol Jmol
A
. .
.
.
.
.
.
' . . , .
per molecule
per mole
5
1
kJmol
( )
1 1 1
1097 10
1
4
1
6
0000381
2 63 10
6626 10
1998 10
2 63 10
7 55 10
4 90 10 6 022 10 29 500 45
2 2
2 1
2 2
1
6
34
8 1
6
20
20 23 1 1
1
]
1
1
]
1
_
,
R
m n
x nm nm
x m
E h
c
x J s
x m s
x m
x J
E E N x J x mol Jmol
A
. .
.
.
.
.
.
' . . , .
per molecule
per mole
5
1
kJmol
5.49 (5.53). Excited rubidium atoms emit red light with = 795 nm. What is the energy
difference (in kilojoules per mole) between orbitals that give rise to this emission?
Answer:
( )
per mole
_
,
795 7 95 10
6 626 10
2 998 10
7 95 10
6 022 10
150 000 150
7
34
8 1
7
23 1
1 1
nm x m
E E N h
c
N x J s
x m s
x m
x mol
Jmol kJmol
A A
.
' .
.
.
.
,
5.57 (5.63). Give orbital designations of electrons with the following quantum numbers:
a) n = 3, l = 0, m
l
= 0 b) n = 2, l = 1, m
l
= -1
c) n = 4, l = 3, m
l
= -2 d) n = 4, l = 2, m
l
= 0
Answer:
a) n = 3, l = 0, m
l
= 0 is a 3s orbital
b) n = 2, l = 1, m
l
= -1 is a 2p orbital (actually a 2p
-1
orbital)
c) n = 4, l = 3, m
l
= -2 is a 4f orbital (actually a 4f
-2
orbital)
d) n = 4, l = 2, m
l
= 0 is a 4d orbital (actually a 4d
0
orbital)
5.63 (5.69). The mass of a helium atom is 4.0026 amu, and its average velocity at 25
o
C is
1.36x10
3
m s
-1
. What is the uncertainty (in meters) in the position of a helium at if the
uncertainty in its velocity is 1%.
Answer:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
m amu . x k
kg ms x kg ms
x kg ms x kg ms
x m
h
x
h
m
x kg m s
x kg ms
x m nm
He
4 0026 1661 10
9 04 10
9 04 10 9 04 10
4
4
6 626 10
4 31415926 9 04 10
583 10 0583
27
1 24 1
24 1 26 1
34 2 1
26 1
10
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
x g = 6.648x10 kg
mv = 6.648x10 x 1.36 x 10
mv = 0.01 x
v
v
-27
-27 3
Thus, the uncertainty in measuring the position of the He atom is comparable to the
size of the He atom (whose diameter is approximately 0.2 nm)
Quiz questions not taken directly from assignment
Section F01 ( quizzes A*, C*, E*)
Section F03 ( quizzes B, D)
8. Which of the following will have the LONGEST de Broglie wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv
_
,
_
,
R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.
10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?
Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .
In this question all the matches are correct.
Section F01( quizzes B*, D*)
Section F02 ( quizzes A, B, C, D, E)
Section F03( quizzes A, C, E)
8. Which of the following will have the SHORTEST de Broglie
wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv
_
,
_
,
R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.
10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?
Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .
Therefore the designation {5,4,1} is not a 5f orbital but a 5g orbital since
l is not 3.
Section F04 ( quizzes A, B, C, D, E)
8. Which of the following will have the SHORTEST de Broglie
wavelength?
a) an electron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
b) a proton with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
c) an electron with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
d) a proton with a velocity of 2.0x10
6
m s
-1
e) a neutron with a velocity of 1.0x10
6
m s
-1
Answer:
de Broglie s equation ' : is =
h
mv
_
,
_
,
R
n n
x nm x nm
x nm
nm
lower upper
. .
.
.
10. If {n,l,m
l
} represents the orbital specified by n=n, l=l and m
l
=m
l
, then
which of the following is an INCORRECT designation for the specified
orbital?
Answer: The first number is the n value in both representations so they
have to match. The second number is the l value where l=0 is an s
orbital, l=1 is a p orbital, l=2 is a d orbital and l=3 is an f orbital.
The third number m
l
has to integral and be between -l and +l .
In this question all the matches are correct.