U.S.

ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL AMEDD NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS ACADEMY Military Symbols and Overlay Techniques Programmed Text

PT WYAN-24B

SCOPE: To provide the student with a working knowledge of the fundamentals of construction and techniques of depicting military symbols used in the preparation of situation maps, planning maps, operations maps, and overlays. REFERENCES: FM 101-5-1 and FM 101-5. None.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: PREREQUISITES: I.

None.

INTRODUCTION. This programmed text is a preclass self-instructional text covering the fundamentals of construction and techniques of depicting military symbols used on situation maps, planning maps, operations maps, and overlays. No attempt has been made to depict all military symbols in this text. However, the symbols that you will study will provided yo with techniques and uniform methods for graphically portraying various units, activities, control measures, and other tactical information. Once you are familiar with the techniques and basic construction of military symbols, you will be able to develop any desired symbol by following a clear, logical, and concise sequence. OBJECTIVES. a. Develop your proficiency in the recognition and use of those military symbols and tactical control measures most often encountered in depicting field and tactical operations through the brigade level. Graphically portray units, installations, and activities, APPLYING the methods of constructing military symbols according to the guidelines given in this text. Prepare an operation overlay, DEPICTING tactical information, using the techniques given in this text.

II.

b.

c. III.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. a. The information in this text is systematically arranged into learning steps. The pages in this text will present information followed by a requirement to draw a symbol, fill in a word phrase, or identify a symbol. You will find the solution on a subsequent page. Start your work in Frame 1, page 3, continue through to Frame 76, page 75; return to page 3, Frame 77 and complete the text to include the self-quiz starting on page 64. This text serves as a supplement to instruction and aid for selfimprovement in the methods and techniques of graphic representation. You will be responsible for bringing this text to your military symbols and overlays class. The techniques and methods which you will learn will help you to better understand some of the instruction presented and will increases your general military knowledge. THE AVERAGE COMPLETION

b.

c. d.

NOTE:

YOU MAY COMPLETE THIS TEXT AT YOUR OWN RATE.

TIME FOR THE TEXT IS FROM 3 TO 4 HOURS. There are also four requirements to check what you have learned starting on the bottom of page 64.

FRAME 1. a.

DEFINITION OF A MILITARY SYMBOL. A military symbol is a sign composed of a diagram, number, letter, abbreviation, color or combination thereof, used to identify and distinguish a particular military unit, activity or installation (AR 310-25). Military symbols accurately identify items of operation interest. You should use commonly accepted symbols. If you must improvise symbols, you should also explain their meaning in an accompanying legend. MILITARY SYMBOLS ARE USED PRIMARILY IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE FOLLOWING. All types of situation maps and overprints. Filed sketches and overlays. Aerial photographs. Organizational charts.

b.

FRAME 2. a. b. c. d.

Proceed to FRAME 3 (top section, page 4). FRAME 77. You also use symbols to show target/reference points (TRP) on a map or overlay, for artillery/mortar fire.

The symbol normally used to mark a conventional TRP is:

You may use special symbols to mark TRPs of unusual size or shape.

Numbers shown are TRP numbers.

Proceed to Frame 78.

FRAME 3. The basic symbol used to represent units, command posts, and combat service support elements organic to combat units (brigade and below) is a rectangle. EXAMPLE: FRAME 4. For a command post, a staff extends from the lower left corner of the rectangle, at a right angle to the base. EXAMPLE:

Proceed to FRAME 5 (top section, page 5). FRAME 78. Draw the symbol described below: . .

The symbol for Area TRP AB213 would be: The symbol for Conventional TRP DC105 would be: For answer, see lower section, page 5.

Proceed to FRAME 79 (lower section, page 6).

FRAME 5. To depict combat service support elements organic to a combat unit (brigade and below) draw a horizontal line from side to side of the rectangle, 1/4 of the distance from the bottom line. EXAMPLE:

FRAME 6. One use of the circle is to portray a logistical, medical, or administrative installation. EXAMPLE: FRAME 7. Depict an observation or listening post with a triangle. EXAMPLE:

FRAME 8. Thus far, you learned to use geometric figures in the form of , and to depict units, command posts, combat service support elements of combat unit, observation or listening post and combat support installations or activities. Proceed to FRAME 9 (top section, page 6). Answers to FRAME 78 (lower section, page 4).

The symbol for Area TRP AB 2130 would be AB 2130 The symbol for Conventional, TRP DC105 would be

FRAME 9.

Draw the symbols described below (brigade and below). a. b. c. d. e. Combat service support element organic to a combat unit. A unit. An observation or listening post. A combat service support installation or activity. A command post.

Proceed to FRAME 10 (page 8) (for answer, see top section, page 7).

FRAME 79. You use LATERAL BOUNDARIES to control the maneuver and fires of adjacent units. Boundaries in the offense establish zones of action and in the defense they establish sectors of responsibility. Indicate boundaries by a line with the size of the unit shown at convenient intervals. Place designations of units supplemented by arm or branch and national designation, if necessary, on either side of the size indication. Always show the highest echelon of adjacent units sharing the boundary on the boundary. EXAMPLE: (Boundary between units of equal size). TMA B Boundary separates Team A From Co B

TF 2-76

2-76

Boundary separates Task force 2-76 from 2d Battalion 78th Infantry

FRAME 80. When boundaries separate units of unequal size, place the size symbol of the larger unit on the boundary. Spell out the designation of the smaller unit to include its size.

Proceed to FRAME 81.

Answer to FRAME 9, page 6. Either a rectangle, triangle, or circle represents the symbols which you were required to draw (brigade and below). a. Combat service support element organic to a combat unit. b. A unit. c. d. e. An observation or listening post. A combat service support installation or activity. A command post.

FRAME 81.

Study this example of boundaries shared by unequal sized units. X X 1-66 TRP A

52

12 BDE (SEP)

(Boundaries separate 52d Infantry Division and 12th Brigade (Sep), units of unequal size).

(Boundaries separate 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry and Troop A, units of unequal size).

Proceed to FRAME 82.

FRAME 10. Now that you know the basic symbol for units, command posts, combat service support elements of combat units, combat service support installations of activities, and observations or listening posts, you are ready to proceed to the next step, depicting size. The symbol used to represent the size of a UNIT BELOW COMPANY LEVEL are: SYMBOL UNIT SIZE Squad (Smallest element). Section (Larger than a squad/smaller than a platoon). Platoon or platoon size detachment. FRAME 11. "The symbols used to represent the size of UNITS FROM COMPANY TO REGIMENTAL OR GROUP LEVEL are: SYMBOL UNIT SIZE Company, troop, or battery. Battalion or squadron. Group or regiment.

Proceed to FRAME 12 (top section, page 9). FRAME 82. Depict the units sharing the boundary shown below. (Boundary separates 25th Infantry Division on the left and 3d Squadron, 4th Cavalry on the right.) (Boundary separates TF, 2d Bn 76th Infantry on the left and 1st Bde 66th Inf on right.) For answers, see bottom of page 10. Proceed to FRAME 83.

FRAME 12.

WHAT DO THE SYMBOLS BELOW REPRESENT:

= = = = = =

For answers, see top section, page 12. Proceed to FRAME 13 (top section, page 10).

FRAME 83. Rear boundary. If you show a rear boundary, the size along the boundary corresponds to the smaller or forward unit. It is unnecessary to show unit designations on rear boundaries. Unit designations on lateral boundaries are sufficient to identify units sharing a rear boundary. NOTE: INCLUDE THE ABBREVIATIONS "TF" AND "TM" WITH THE UNIT DESIGNATION ON THE BOUNDARY WHEN APPLICABLE. 2-23 CAV X 52 1 X 2 52 X 21 X X X X (Depicted above is the rear boundary of the 1st and 2d Brigades from 52d Infantry Division Mech.). Proceed to FRAME 84 (page 11).

FRAME 13.

Use the "x" to represent the size of brigade or higher level units. SYMBOL X X X X X X X X X X UNIT SIZE Brigade Division Corps Army Army Group

X X X X X

Proceed to FRAME 14 (top section, page 11). Answer to FRAME 82 (bottom of page 8). (Boundaries separate 25th Infantry Division and 3d Squadron, 4th Cavalry). X X

25

3-4 CAV

(Boundaries separate Task Force, 2d BN, 76th Infantry on the left and 1st Bde, 66th Infantry on the right). X

TF 2-76

1-66

The boundary separates units of unequal size. symbol of the larger unit.

You should have added the size

10

FRAME 14.

Indicate the size unit below. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X = = = = =

For answers, see page 13, top section. Proceed to FRAME 15 (top section, page 14). FRAME 84. Use DELAY LINE (DL) INITIAL DELAY POSITION (IDP) to control location of forces in retrograde/recovery of force operations. Show DL or IDP with a code name and a proposed Not-earlier-than time. EXAMPLE: LINE ALPHA (021200A JUN) IDP LINE GREEN (021500 JUN) DL

IDP LINE ALPHA (021200A JUN)

DL LINE GREEN (021500 JUN)

Proceed to FRAME 85.

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Answer to FRAME 12 (top section, page 9). = = = = = = Squad Section Platoon or Detachment Company, Troop, or Battery Battalion or Squadron Group or Regiment

FRAME 85. COORDINATING POINT. Show coordinating points on defensive boundaries to indicate specific points for coordination of fires and maneuver between adjacent units. Locate coordinating points at a terrain feature easily recognizable on the map and ground. Show a coordinating point by drawing a circle on a selected terrain feature and placing an "X" in the center. EXAMPLE: (Coordinating Point)

Proceed to FRAME 86.

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Answer to FRAME 14 (top section, page 11).

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

represents a brigade. represents a division. represents a corps. represents an army. represents an army group.

FRAME 86. Show coordinating points whenever a boundary crosses the Forward Edge of the Battle Area (FEBA). Label them with the abbreviations "FEBA," on both sides. EXAMPLE: 82 FEBA XXx 21 1-11 x 1-11 1 Xx 2 FEBA (Boundaries in the Defense)

Proceed to FRAME 87.

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 FRAME 15. The symbol placed over the size symbol of a unit indicates a TEMPORARY GROUPING of units, usually for a specific tactical operation and in which the denoted unit functions as the command and control element. These temporary groupings occur at battalion and company level for combined arms operations, i.e., an armor company attached to an infantry battalion becomes a task force. EXAMPLES: (A team) (A team CP) (A task force) (A task force CP)

FRAME 16. If substantially reinforcing a unit, place the symbol (+) to the right of the symbol, i.e., an infantry company attached to an infantry battalion. EXAMPLE: (+) (A reinforced company) Proceed to FRAME 17. FRAME 87. The location of coordinating points on defensive boundaries indicates the general trace of the FEBA, as visualized by the commander who designates it. A broken line extending between coordinating points indicates the specific trace of the FEBA to be occupied. A solid line extending between coordinating points indicates the specific trace of the FEBA presently occupied. FEBA X Proposed X FEBA Proceed to FRAME 88. Occupied X FEBA FEBA X (+) (A reinforced battalion)

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FRAME 17. Complete the symbols below to indicate the grouping of units described: (A team) (A task force) (A team CP) (A task force CP) Proceed to top section of page 17 for answers. FRAME 18. If a substantial part of a unit is detached, place the symbol (-) to the right of the symbol. EXAMPLE: (-) (A battalion less detachments) Proceed to FRAME 19. FRAME 88. You can also use coordinating points where delay lines and lateral boundaries intersect. EXAMPLE: LINE IDP LINE Initial Delay Position (IDP) ALFA XX ALFA LINE DL LINE Delay Line (DL) JACK XX JACK (Delay Lines)

Proceed to FRAME 89.

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FRAME 19. When constructing basic military symbols, use the traditional arm of branch symbols. Here are some of the symbols. BRANCH SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Crossed pack Tank track Cavalry Bandoleer Cavalry Bandoleer and Tank track Cannon Ball Bridge Lightning Flash

Infantry straps Armor

Cavalry (Scouts of an infantry battalion) Armored Cavalry (Scouts, Mech IN Bn/Scouts Armor TK Bn) Artillery Engineer Signal Proceed to FRAME 20 (top section, page 18).

FRAME 89. PROPOSED BOUNDARIES. Show proposed boundaries with broken lines and label them to indicate the effective date/time group, if known. EXAMPLE:

EFF 300930 OCT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-67 (Proposed boundary separating 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry and 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry, effective 300930 OCT).

1-66

Proceed to FRAME 90.

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Answer to FRAME 17 (top of page 15). In completing the symbols described, you should have added the size symbol and the symbol to indicate a company team or a battalion task force. (A team) (A team CP) FRAME 90. (A task force) (A task force CP)

Draw a proposed boundary separating Team BRAVO and C Company.

NOTE: ALL WRITING ON AN OVERLAY IS IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND HORIZONTAL (EXCEPT WHEN LABELING A ROUTE OR AXIS OF ADVANCE).

For answer, see bottom of page 19.

Proceed to FRAME 91 (page 18).

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FRAME 20. Once you understand the method of constructing branch symbols, the symbols are self-explanatory in most cases. Here are some more examples: BRANCH Medical Army Aviation Air Defense Proceed to FRAME 22 (top section, page 19). FRAME 91. DIRECTION OF ATTACK. A direction of attack is a specific direction which the center of mass (bulk of combat power) of a unit will follow. A direction of attack is the most restrictive control measure assigned to a unit. It is used most frequently in counterattacks and night attacks. Show direction of attack with a solid line arrow drawn from the line of departure to the objective with no label. EXAMPLE: LD LD SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Geneva Cross Propeller Radar Dome

OBJ 4

(Direction of attack arrow from Line of Departure (LD) to Objective 4.)

Proceed to FRAME 92 (bottom section of page 20).

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FRAME 22. Place BRANCH SYMBOLS within unit, installation and observation or listening post symbols. EXAMPLE: (An infantry unit) listening FRAME 23. (A medical installation) (An infantry observation or post). Complete the symbols below by adding the branch symbol described. SYMBOL Armor Cavalry Armored Cavalry BRANCH

(For answers, see top section, page 21). Proceed to FRAME 24 (top section page 20). Answer to FRAME 90 (bottom of page 17).

TM BRAVO - - - - | - - - C Proposed boundary between TM Bravo and Company C.

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FRAME 24.

Identify the branch of the units shown. BRANCH SYMBOL

For answers, see top section, page 22. Proceed to FRAME 25 (page 21). FRAME 92. Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry will conduct a night attack to seize objective 631 using a direction of attack control measure. Complete the graphics below to indicate the control measure assigned to Company A from the LD to OBJ 631. OBJ 631 1-66 = 1-67 A - C LD LD For answer, see bottom of page 21.

Proceed to FRAME 93 (bottom of page 22).

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Answer to FRAME 23 (top of page 19). BRANCH SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Tank Track Cavalry Bandoleer Cavalry Bandoleer and Tank track In this

Armor

Cavalry (Scouts Platoon of a non-mech combat unit) Armored Cavalry

FRAME 25. There are certain branches for which there is no symbol. case, authorized abbreviations indicate the branch of service. EXAMPLE: MP (A Military Police Unit) MI (Military Intelligence)

ASA (Army Security Agency) CEWI (Military Intelligence at Corps and below)

Proceed to FRAME 26 (top section, page 23). Answer to FRAME 92 (bottom page 20). OBJ 631 1-66 = 1-67 A - C LD LD (Direction of attack control measure)

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Answer to FRAME 24 (top section, page 20).

BRANCH Medical Army Aviation Air Defense Artillery Engineer Signal

SYMBOL

FRAME 93. ROUTE OF MARCH. Show routes of march with a solid line arrow and label with the word "ROUTE" and a unit designation, letter, number, or code name. The arrow follows a specific route. EXAMPLE: RP ROUTE 2-76 NOTE: "SP" AND "RP" START POINTS AND RELEASE POINTS ARE OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH ROUTES. DEPICTED AS ABOVE SYMBOLS AND LABELED WITH THE ABBREVIATIONS "SP" AND "RP." NOTICE THAT ALL LETTERS ARE CAPITAL. SP

Proceed to FRAME 94 (bottom page 23).

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FRAME 26. Shown below are branches of service for which there are no symbols. Complete the unit symbols by adding the branch of services shown. BRANCH Army Security Agency Military Police Military Intelligence For answers, see page 25. Proceed to FRAME 27. FRAME 94. Depict ROUTE "A" with a start point and a release point. SYMBOL

For answers, see bottom of page 25. Proceed to FRAME 95.

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FRAME 27. Frequently, units symbols are more meaningful if they indicate the duty performed by the unit. Some duty performed symbols are depicted below.

BRANCH Airborne Maintenance and repair Rocket and guided missile Supply Mortar Pit (Inf) Antitank Proceed to FRAME 28 (top section, page 26). FRAME 95. LINE OF CONTACT: from the opposing force. EXAMPLE:

SYMBOL

Show LC with a series of ARCS which curve away

(Enemy Front Lines) (Friendly Front Lines) When you use only one color, you show the enemy front line with double lines. (See Frame 111).

Proceed to FRAME 96.

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Answer to FRAME 26 (top section, page 23).

BRANCH Army Security Agency Military Police Military Intelligence

SYMBOL ASA MP MI

Answer to FRAME 94 (bottom of page 23). SP ROUTE A (Route A with a start point and a release point). RP

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FRAME 28.

Write the duty performed by the units shown. DUTY PERFORMED SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

For answers see page 28. Proceed to FRAME 29. FRAME 96. LINE OF DEPARTURE IS THE LINE OF CONTACT. When units are in contact with the enemy, and an attack is launched from current positions, use the phrase "Line of Departure is Line of Contact (LD/LC)" on the overlay and placed adjacent to indicated friendly forward disposition. Depict the LD/LC by a series of arcs on the line of contact. Label the series of arcs at each end with the abbreviation "LD/LC." EXAMPLE: LD/LC LD/LC

Proceed to FRAME 97.

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FRAME 29. Designate units by traditional arm or branch symbol, abbreviation or duty performed symbol. Transportation (branch) SF Special Forces (duty performed) FRAME 30. symbols. Shown below are two of the more recently developed duty performed

DUTY PERFORMED Air assault

SYMBOL V

DESCRIPTION Elongated V denotes units organic to air assault organizations and trained in air assault operations. Elongated V with stem and base distinguishes air assault units that have sufficient organic aircraft to perform air assault missions.

Air assault

Proceed to FRAME 31 (top section, page 29). FRAME 97. CHECKPOINT. A checkpoint is an easily identifiable predetermined location on the map and on the ground designated as a reference point for reporting the location of friendly units. Do not report enemy locations by use of checkpoints. EXAMPLE: 45 (Checkpoint number 45) B (Checkpoint BRAVO) RED (Checkpoint RED) Depict a checkpoint by a rectangle with a point on the bottom denoting the exact location. Proceed to FRAME 98.

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Answer to FRAME 28 (top section, page 26). BRANCH Airborne Maintenance and repair Rocket and guided missile Supply Antitank Mortar Pit (Inf) SYMBOL

FRAME 98. OBJECTIVES. An objective is usually a key terrain feature, or an enemy force, which is to be seized or destroyed. Enclose objectives within a solid line and identify them by the abbreviation "OBJ" with either a number, letter, code name, or unit designation. EXAMPLE: OBJ 595 (Objective 595) Example of two ways to divide the same Objective for attack by two units for use on map overlays. EXAMPLE #1 A 595 B OBJ EXAMPLE #2 OBJ A OBJ B

NOTE: WHEN USING NUMBERS TO IDENTIFY OBJECTIVES, THEY DO NOT ESTABLISH IMPORTANCE, PRIORITY, OR SEQUENCE OF SEIZING OBJECTIVES.

Proceed to FRAME 99.

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FRAME 31.

Write the branch of duty performed indicated by the symbol shown.

For answers, see page 31. FRAME 32. Complete the descriptions below.

DUTY PERFORMED Air assault

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION Elongated V denotes units o to air assault organizations and t in air assault operations. Elongated V with stem and base distinguishes air a

Air assault

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30

For answers, see page 31. Proceed to FRAME 33 (page 30). FRAME 99. PHASE LINE. A phase line is for control and coordination of units; extend it across the entire zone or section, preferably along a prominent terrain feature or manmade object which is readily identifiable on the ground and on the map. Show a phase line with a solid line labeled on each end with the abbreviation "PL" and a code name, letter, or number for identification. EXAMPLE: PL DOG PL ALPHA PL2 (PHASE LINES) NOTE: ALL WORDS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARE CAPITALIZED. PL DOG PL ALFA PL2

Proceed to FRAME 100.

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FRAME 33. There are some units specially equipped and trained to accomplish a specific mission. To graphically represent these units, it is sometimes necessary to combine branch and duty performed symbols. EXAMPLE: (An infantry unit) + (An airborne unit) =

(An airborne infantry unit)

(An infantry unit light)

The branch symbol for infantry and the duty symbol for airborne are combined to indicate an airborne infantry unit. EXAMPLE: (An Armored unit) Mechanized (APC) + =

(An Artillery unit) (A self-propelled artillery unit) BIFV (Dismounted) Motorized

Infantry

BIFV (Mounted)

Combine the branch symbol for armor and artillery to indicate a self-propelled artillery unit. Proceed to FRAME 34 (top section, page 32). FRAME 100. Depict Phase Line APPLE as a control measure used by Task Force 2-76 between the LD/LC and OBJ "A." OBJ A 2 X 1 TF 2-76 2-78 LD/LC For answer, see bottom of page 31. LD/LC

Proceed to FRAME 102 (page 33).

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Answer to FRAME 31 (top section, page 29). SF Answer to FRAME 32 (top section, page 29). DUTY PERFORMED Air assault SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Elongated V denotes units organic to air assault organizations and trained in air assault operations. Elongated V with stem and base distinguishes air assault units that have sufficient organic aircraft to perform air assault missions.

Transportation (branch) Special Forces (duty performed)

Air assault

Answer to FRAME 88. Answer to FRAME 100 (bottom of page 30).

OBJ PL APPLE PL APPLE 2 X 1 TF 2-76 = 2-78 LD/LC

NOTE: THE PHASE LINE WHICH YOU DEPICTED SHOULD EXTEND ACROSS THE ENTIRE ZONE OF ACTION OF TASK FORCE 2-76. NOTICE THE LETTERS ARE CAPITALS.

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FRAME 34. Using the branch and duty performed symbols that you learned in this text, select the appropriate combination of symbols to depict the units described below. UNIT Airborne Infantry Battalion Armored Cavalry Platoon Mechanized Infantry Task Force (APC) Mechanized Infantry Scout Platoon A Supply and Maintenance Battalion For answers, see top section, page 33. Proceed to FRAME 35 (top section page 34). NOTE: Do not use the term MSR below division level. SYMBOL

34

Answer to FRAME 34 (top section, page 32).

UNIT Airborne Infantry Battalion Armored Cavalry Platoon Mechanized Infantry Task Force (APC) Mechanized Infantry Scout Platoon A Supply and Maintenance Battalion

SYMBOL

FRAME 102. Show a proposed supply route with a broken line. In the offense, the SR, as approved, may be extended forward to the objective, or as far as the combat service support is visualized for the operation. Show a SR forward of the line of departure as a proposed route. Complete the graphics below to indicate a proposed battalion supply route, capable of sustaining two-way traffic, extending forward of the line of departure (LD) to the vicinity of Objective 791. LD LD

OBJ 791

SR

For answers, see bottom of page 35.

Proceed to FRAME 103.

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FRAME 35. You also use branch and duty performed symbols in constructing combat service support installation or activity symbols. Place the appropriate branch or duty performed symbol within the circle. Normally, the duty performed is more important than the branch when showing combat service support installations or activities. EXAMPLES: (A medical installation or activity) (A logistical activity ammunition))

The symbol for a medical installation or activity represents aid stations, clearing stations, and hospitals. Place vertical marks on Geneva cross to distinguish the symbol from a coordinating point which you will see later in the text. The logistical activity shown handles ammunition, type unspecified. The symbol represents a supply installation or activity and the "bullet" represents ammunition. FRAME 36. Use other branch or duty performed symbols in conjunction with the basic ammunition symbol to indicate specific types of ammunition. EXAMPLE: Ammunition Symbol + =

Infantry

Small Arms Ammunition

The Infantry branch symbol added to the basic ammunition symbol indicates a specific type of ammunition, small arms. Proceed to FRAME 37. FRAME 103. CONTACT POINT. A contact point normally found on unit boundaries is a location where two or more units are required to make physical contact. Draw a contact point as a square with a line drawn from the bottom center to denote exact location and a number placed inside for identifications. Extend or bend the line as required to denote location. Depict contact point number 3 on a boundary line between Co B on the left and Team C on the right.

Proceed to FRAME 104 (bottom of page 37).

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FRAME 37. Using branch or duty performed symbols depicted in this text, complete the logistical installation symbols below by graphically depicting the type ammunition available at the supply point.

TYPE AMMUNITION AVAILABLE Army Aviation Artillery Rocket and guided missile For answer, see page 37. Proceed to FRAME 38. Answer to FRAME 102 (bottom of page 33).

SYMBOL

In completing the graphic shown, you should have drawn the proposed supply route forward of the line of departure with a broken line, indicating the unit size, and depicting arrows parallel to the supply route to indicate that it is capable of sustaining two-way traffic forward of the line of departure.

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FRAME 38. The final step in constructing unit, installation and activity symbols is to depict the designation of units. To indicate a specific unit of ANY size, place the unit designation on the left of the unit symbol. The unit designation on the left of the unit symbol must agree with the size symbol on top of the unit symbol.

EXAMPLE:

Depict a company-size unit. Battery Battalion Company Squadron Troop

Group Brigade Regiment

Higher Echelons of Command

Place higher echelons of command on the right of the basic symbol in ascending order from left to right, and seperated by a slash. Sometimes a combination of numbers identifies battalions and squadrons. Such a system is employed in designating army combat units and called the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS). Under the CARS system both the battalion or squadron and a traditional regimental number designate infantry, tank, and artillery battalions, and armored cavalry squadrons. To indicate that the combination of numbers do not show separate echelons of command, but refer to a single unit, they are separated by a dash rather than a slash. EXAMPLE: 1-66 (1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) Answer to FRAME 103 (bottom of page 34). 3 B TMC 2-76 (2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry APC)

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Answer to FRAME 37 (top section, page 35). TYPE AMMUNITION AVAILABLE Army Aviation Artillery Rocket and Guided Missile SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Army aviation ammunition supply point Artillery ammunition supply point Rocket and guided missile supply point

FRAME 104. PASSAGE POINT. A passage point is a location at which an incoming unit passes through a unit which is in contact with the enemy or a location where a unit withdrawn through another unit occupying rearward positions. Depict a passage point with a square with the abbreviation "PP" and a number or letter for identification placed inside and below the "PP." PP 7 (Passage point number 7) NOTE: "PP" IS CAPITALIZED. PP K (Passage point "K")

Proceed to FRAME 105.

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FRAME 40.

Draw the unit symbol depicting the units below.

52d Infantry Division (Mechanized) (APC). 1st Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (BIFV MOUNTED). 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division (APC). For answers, see page 39. Proceed to FRAME 41 (top of page 40). FRAME 105. POINT OF DEPARTURE. A point of departure is a specific location where a unit crosses the line of departure. It is most often used for a night attack. Depict a point of departure with a square with the abbreviation "PD" and a number or letter for identification, placed inside and below the "PD." Depict Point of Departure Number 5, on the LD/LC of Company C, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry. C A 1 X 2

1-66

1-67

LD/LC

For answer, see bottom of page 39.

Proceed to FRAME 106 (bottom of page 40).

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Answer to FRAME 40 (top section, page 38). 52d Infantry Division (Mechanized) (APC) 52

1st Infantry Brigade (Mechanized)

(BIFV MOUNTED)

2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division (APC). 2-76 1/52

NOTE: When showing the designation or more than one echelon, the size symbol used must correspond with the unit designation shown on the left of the unit symbol.

Answer to FRAME 105 (bottom of page 38).

1 X 2 1-66 = 1-67

C-A

LD/LC

LD/LC

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FRAME 41. unit.

The procedure to depict a specific unit is applicable to any size Depict a squad-size unit. Platoon Detachment 1 Company Troop Battery Higher Echelons of Command

EXAMPLE:

Squad Section

1/A/1-48/1/3

(1st Squad, 1st Platoon A Company, 1st Bn, 48th Inf., 1st Brigade, 3d Infantry Div) (APC). Proceed to FRAME 42. FRAME 106. Unit and installation symbols combined with objectives, boundaries, and other control measures enables you to quickly and accurately portray schemes of maneuver. Use lateral boundaries in the offense to establish zones of action and to control fires and maneuver of adjacent units. In the offense, lateral boundaries should extend forward beyond the objective(s) at least to the depth necessary for coordination of fires in the seizure and consolidation of the objective(s). They should extend rearward to the extent necessary to ensure sufficient space for the force concerned, to include combat service support elements, installations, or activities. The rearward extension of a lateral boundary indicates the rear limit of unit's territorial responsibility. Battalion level rear boundaries normally do not draw. However, they may draw rear boundaries if they must clearly define responsibility for such matters as rear security. EXAMPLE: LD LD

2 1 2-76

OBJ 4

2-76

Proceed to FRAME 107.

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FRAME 42. Now that you have studied how to construct unit symbols, draw the complete symbol for the units described below. (Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (APC). (1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (BIFV MOUNTED). (1st Squad, 1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division) (APC). For answers, see page 43. Proceed to FRAME 43. FRAME 107. Company A (on the left) and C (on the right) 2-76 Mech have each been assigned (objective 5 & 2 respectively) in the battalion's zone of action; depict a lateral boundary as a control measure between the companies.

2 x 1 LD/LC

OBJ 5

OBJ 2

2-76 = 2-78

LD/LC

NOTE:

ENSURE ACCURACY WHEN PLACING BOUNDARIES.

For answer, see bottom of page 43.

Proceed to FRAME 108.

43

FRAME 43. When depicting a unit size symbol for a combat service support element, observation post, or combat service support installation or activity, the size symbol must be that of the unit to which the installation or trains is organics. Show the size symbol above the identification for the trains, installation, or observation post. EXAMPLE: CBT (Task Force Combat Trains) x 1 (Brigade Trains, 1st Brigade) 1-66 (Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) 1-66 (Observation Post, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 44. In most situations omit branch designation of the parent unit of the aid station because it is not essential to the basic function of the aid station. In rare instances, you could show the branch designation under the unit designation. EXAMPLE: x 1-66 Infantry Crossed Pack Straps.

Proceed to FRAME 45 (top of page 44). FRAME 108. In the defense, the extension of boundaries forward and to the rear of the FEBA indicates the limit of territorial responsibility of a unit. Extend lateral boundaries between forward committed brigades forward to the: range of direct support artillery fires limits of ground observation WHICHEVER IS GREATER EXAMPLE: x MBA FEBA CFA 2 x 1 3 FEBA (Extension of brigade boundaries)

NOTE: MARK THE SIZE AND UNIT DESIGNATION OF DEFENSIVE LATERAL BOUNDARIES THE SAME AS OFFENSIVE LATERAL BOUNDARIES.

Proceed to FRAME 108.

44

Answer to FRAME 42 (top of page 41). A 2-76

(Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (APC). 1 A/2-76

(1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (BIFV MOUNTED). 1 1/A/2-76/1/52

(1st Squad, 1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division) (APC). Answer to FRAME 107 (bottom of page 41).

OBJ 5 2 x 1 AC

OBJ 2 2-76 = 2-78

LD/LC

LD/LC

45

FRAME 45.

Draw the following symbols:

Task Force 2-76 (Mech) Trains: Observation Post 1st Battalion, 48th Infantry (Mech) 1st Brigade Trains (Mech) 2d Battalion, 48th Infantry Aid Station: For answers, see top of page 45. Proceed to FRAME 46 (top section, page 46). FRAME 108. In the offense, extend the lateral boundary between battalions from the LD forward to whatever distance the brigade commander desires to extend battalion responsibility in area of operations.

11-

2 x 1 1 x 2

LD

LD

Proceed to FRAME 110.

46

Answer to FRAME 45 (top of page 44).

1-48 (OP 1st Bn 48th Inf Mech) x 1 (1st Brigade Mech Trains)

2-76 (Task Force 2d Bn, 76th Inf Mech Trains)

2-48 (Aid-station 2d Bn 48th Inf)

FRAME 110. UNITS ASSIGNED SECURITY MISSIONS. Graphically portray units assigned security missions by the symbol for the unit with flash arrows. The flash arrows indicate generally the terrain where the unit will operate and the extension of its mission. Draw the symbol so that it can be easily read as the map is held to the north, its normal position. EXAMPLE: (Portrayal of units assigned security missions) (Infantry Scouts - NonMech) This is a technique for showing a unit performing a security mission, but it does not indicate specifically the type of security mission being performed, e.g., screening or guarding. The oral or written orders must include the specific mission of units assigned security missions as well as instructions concerning how to conduct the mission.

Proceed to FRAME 111.

47

FRAME 46. A brigade normally operates one train area; therefore, only the brigade designation is necessary to identify the trains. Draw the symbol described below. (Brigade Trains, 1st Brigade, 21st Inf Div) Proceed to top section of page 47 for answer. FRAME 47. A combat battalion operates two trains, a combat trains, and field trains. When depicting these trains, it is necessary to use further identification to avoid confusion. Therefore, abbreviate and depict to the left of the trains symbol, combat, or field. FLD 1-66 CBT 1-66

(Field Trains, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) Proceed to FRAME 48.

(Combat Trains, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 111. Depict a security mission for the Scout Platoon, 2-76 Mech along the battalion's left flank from the LD/LC to Objective 893. OBJ 2-78 = 2-76 893 A-C 1X3

LD/LC For answer, see bottom of page 47.

LD/LC

Proceed to FRAME 112 (bottom of page 48).

48

Answer to FRAME 46 on page 46. X 1/21 (Brigade, Trains, 1st Brigade, 21st Inf Division). FRAME 48. When the same unit has several observation posts, number them as illustrated:

(Observation Post #1, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) Answer to FRAME 111 (bottom of page 46).

(Observation Post #2, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

49

FRAME 49. Use the symbols studied thus far on situation maps and overlays to portray friendly or enemy units, installations, or activities. Standardization of techniques is essential to relay information without being misunderstood. PRESENT LOCATIONS. A solid line symbol represents the present location of a unit or installation. The center of the symbol should be the location of the unit. EXAMPLE:

(The location of an infantry battalion). Proceed to FRAME 50. FRAME 112. following: 1. 2. 3. 4. COLORS. Colors in conjunction with military symbols denote the Friendly units, installations, equipment and activities. Enemy units, installations, equipment and activities. Friendly or enemy areas of NBC contaminations. Friendly or enemy man-made obstacles.

Blue or Black Red Yellow Green

Proceed to FRAME 113.

50

FRAME 50. A broken line on the outside of a symbol - - - indicates a future or proposed location for units, command posts, combat service support elements, installations, or activities, and observation or listening posts. EXAMPLES: 2-76 (Future or proposed location of a battalion task force command post). 2-76 (Future or proposed location of a medical installation.

FRAME 51. Also depict the staff of a proposed command post symbol with a broken line. Draw the branch or duty performed symbol within the basic symbol, unit designation, and size symbol with solid lines. The base of the staff reflects the location. Proceed to FRAME 52. FRAME 113. following: When possible depict OBSTACLES in Green. They include the

Proceed to FRAME 114.

51

FRAME 52. Using the appropriate techniques, depict the future or proposed location of Team ALFA, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry and Combat Trains, TF 2-76, (2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry).

For answers, see top of page 52. Proceed to FRAME 53. FRAME 114. Depict minefields as accurately as possible. size number, boundaries, etc. to scale. EXAMPLE: Minefield of 400 mixed antitank and antipersonnel mines. If available, draw

Unfence antitank minefield.

Minefield of 600 mixed mines with a lane (8 meters wide) and a gap (greater than 16m, but less than 100m wide).

Proceed to FRAME 115.

52

FRAME 53. To depict the location of a unit, the center of mass of the symbol indicates the general vicinity of the center of mass of the unit. EXAMPLE: 51 515151 A 1-66 50 505050 47 48 49 50

(Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry is at grid coordinate 473504). Proceed to FRAME 54 (top of page 53). FRAME 115. When possible, show NBC contaminated areas in yellow as follows:

Biological Persistent Chemical Radioactive Show beginning (BF) and end (EF) of fallout in box. Show intensity (rad/hr) inside triangular signs.

Proceed to FRAME 116.

53

Answer to FRAME 52 (top of page 50).

(Future or proposed location Team ALFA, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry)

(Future or proposed location of Combat Trains TF 2-76 (2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry)

FRAME 116.

Depict fortified areas as follows:

54

FRAME 54. To depict location of a command post, the point at which the staff ends indicates the exact location of the command post. EXAMPLE: 40 404040 30 303030 48 49 50 51 (The future location of the Command Post, Team DOG, 2d Battalion (Mech, 78th Infantry will be at grid coordinates 483394). FRAME 55. As you observed, the center of mass of a unit symbol and the point at which the staff of a command post symbol ends indicates present and future or proposed locations. Proceed to FRAME 56. FRAME 117. Orienting the overlay. To readily communicate information on an overlay from one location to another location, you must properly orient the overlay. The use of marginal data and grid register marks combine to correctly position the overlay on the correct map. The marginal data provides the map sheet. The grid register marks use the grid reference lines of the map sheet to position the overlay on the map. Grid register marks (normally upper left/lower right corners).

As a minimum, place two marks in opposite corners.

Proceed to FRAME 118.

55

FRAME 56. The center of an aid station symbol indicates its exact location. The center of other combat service support installation or activity symbols indicates a general location. 40 404040 1-66 1-58 39 303030 48 49 50 51 (The Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry is at grid coordinates 487394 and the artillery ammunition service support installation vicinity of 507396). Proceed to FRAME 57. FRAME 118. ENEMY FORCES. As a general rule, use U.S. military symbols to depict enemy units. When possible, depict enemy symbols in RED. If only one color is available, outline enemy symbols in double lines. EXAMPLES: (Enemy Division) (Enemy observation post)

NOTE: A question mark used with an enemy symbol indicates unconfirmed information. The positions of the question marks shows what unconfirmed information. No notation is made for unknown information. EXAMPLE:

(Infantry unit, size unidentified)

(All information shown is unconfirmed)

The size of the enemy infantry unit is unconfirmed).

Proceed to FRAME 119.

56

FRAME 57. Often, units and installations locate in close proximity, and it is difficult to graphically depict their location. To avoid cluttering symbols and preserve clarity, use the offset technique. When using the offset technique in conjunction with unit, trains, installation or activity, and observation or listening post symbols, extend a line vertically from the bottom center of the symbol. The staff may be straight or it may be bent one time in any direction as illustrated. The point at which the offset ends indicates the location. EXAMPLES: (Location of a unit) (Location of a trains)

(Location of an installation) Proceed to FRAME 58. FRAME 119.

(Location of an observation or listening post)

Draw the appropriate symbol for the enemy units described below.

(Enemy infantry regiment, size unconfirmed). (Enemy tank unit size unidentified).

For answer, see bottom of page 56. Proceed to FRAME 120 (bottom of page 57).

57

FRAME 58. You may use the offset technique to indicate either future proposed or present locations. To depict future locations, draw the staff with a broken line. To depict a command post symbol, add an offset line to the staff of the command post symbol. The staff of the command post symbol must initially extend vertically from the lower left corner of the symbol. EXAMPLE: (Future or proposed location of a command post) FRAME 59. When a symbol indicating exact locations is offset, the offset staff indicates the exact location. If a symbol indicating a general location is offset, the general location is at the point where the offset staff ends. The offset technique by itself does not increase precision or exactness of location. FRAME 60. TACTICAL CONTROL MEASURES. This portion of the text explains techniques and graphic portrayal of control measures used to depict offensive and defensive schemes of maneuver. Proceed to FRAME 61. Answer to FRAME 119 (bottom of page 55). (Enemy infantry regiment, size unconfirmed) (Enemy Tank unit size unidentified)

58

FRAME 61. ASSEMBLY AREAS. An assembly area is the area where a unit assembles to prepare for further action. Enclose assembly areas with a line and place the unit symbol within the symbol. The closed line indicates the outer limits of troop disposition. Show an occupied assembly area with a solid line. The unit CP symbol may be used if the CP location. A future or proposed assembly area is shown with a broken line. EXAMPLE:

(Assembly Area, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) FRAME 62. Depict the Command Post, Aid station, and Combat Trains, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry within the closed line below. For answers, see page 59. Proceed to FRAME 63. FRAME 120. WEAPON SYMBOLS. You can also use symbols to indicate the type and locations of a weapon or group of weapons. When a weapon symbol appears on a map or overlay, the base of the shaft indicates the location of the weapon. EXAMPLES:

Proceed to FRAME 121.

59

FRAME 63. Depict a proposed assembly area to be occupied by 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry.

For answers, see page 60. Proceed to FRAME 64 (top of page 61). FRAME 121. Example of military weapons: CALIBER MEDIUM

LIGHT

HEAVY

Proceed to FRAME 121.

60

Answer to FRAME 62 (middle of page 57). In order to show the command post, aid station, and combat trains within the closed line, you had to use the offset technique.

FRAME 122.

Weapons symbols.

Proceed to FRAME 123.

61

Answer to FRAME 63 (on page 58).

(Proposed Assembly Area, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 123.

MISSILE OR ROCKET SYMBOLS.

LIGHT

SIZE MEDIUM

HEAVY

Proceed to FRAME 124.

62

FRAME 64. ATTACK POSITION. An attack position is the last covered and concealed position short of the line of departure occupied by elements to allow final coordination and to deploy in the initial attack formation. Enclose attack position with a solid line with the abbreviation "ATK" in the symbol. When necessary, use unit designation, number, or code name for identification. EXAMPLE: (Attack Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) Proceed to FRAME 65. FRAME 124. TANKS AND TRACK VEHICLES SYMBOLS. SIZE MEDIUM

LIGHT

HEAVY

Proceed to FRAME 125.

63

FRAME 65.

Based on the information provided, complete the symbol below.

(Attack Position, Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry) Proceed to FRAME 66. FRAME 125. Draw the symbol used for: Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon Heavy Mortar Light Gun/Howitzer Heavy Missile in Antitank Role Heavy Automatic Infantry Weapon Medium Mortar . . . . . .

64

FRAME 66. ASSAULT POSITION. An assault position is the position where elements are deployed into their final formation before the assault on the objective. A solid line encloses assault positions with the abbreviation ASLT PSN in the symbol. USED ONLY BY DISMOUNTED INFANTRY. EXAMPLE: ASLT PSN B-2-48 (Assault Position B Company, 2d Bn., 48th Infantry) Proceed to FRAME 67 (top of page 65). Answer to FRAME 125 (bottom of page 62). Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon Heavy Mortar Light Gun/Howitzer Heavy Missile in Antitank Role Heavy Automatic Infantry Weapon Medium Mortar . . . . . .

65

Answer to FRAME 65 (top of page 62). ATK A/1-67 INF (Attack Position, Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry) SELF-QUIZ FIRST REQUIREMENT: a. = Describe the symbols shown below. .

b.

c.

d.

e.

66

FRAME 67. In addition to the symbols represented with a closed line, there are miscellaneous areas which also use a closed line. These areas identify their purpose within the symbol. EXAMPLE:

NOTE:

You may add numbers, letters, code names, or unit symbols to the above symbols for identification.

Proceed to FRAME 68. SELF-QUIZ CONTINUED f. = .

g.

h.

i.

(Check your answers on pages 66 and 67 then proceed to requirement on page 68).

67

FRAME 68. You can use a closed line to represent a variety of miscellaneous areas. These areas identify their purpose within the symbol. Depict the following areas: (Area of Operation for Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry). (A Drop Zone). (An assault Position). For answers, see page 67. Proceed to FRAME 69 (top of page 68). SELF-QUIZ SOLUTION SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT a. b. c. d. e. Observation or Listening Post Command Post Unit Combat service support installation or activity 3 thru 8 Combat service support element of a combat unit 3 thru 8 (brigade trains and below) REFERENCE FRAME(S) 3 thru 8 3 thru 8 3 thru 8

68

Answer to FRAME 68 (on page 66). AO A/1-66

(Area of Operation for Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) NOTE: If you drew a unit symbol within the AO, you are also correct. ASLT PSN (An assault position) SELF-QUIZ CONTINUED (CONT) SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT f. g. thru 123 Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon Medium Missile in Antitank Role REFERENCE FRAME(S) 120 thru 123 120 DZ (A Drop Zone)

h. Heavy Gun or Gun/Howitzer 120 thru 123

i.

72

69

FRAME 69. ABBREVIATIONS. Maps and overlays frequently use abbreviations with military symbols. However, only use standard abbreviations. Where there is no authorized standard abbreviation, spell the word. In either case, use only capital letters and all words and abbreviations are parallel (except when labeling a route or axis of advance) to the map's east--west grid lines. EXAMPLE: MORTAR SECTION OF A CO 1-21 INF MORT A/1-21

HEAVY MORTAR PLATOON OF 2-76 INF HVY MORT 2-76

SUPPORT PLATOON OF 1-36 INF (MECH) SPT Proceed to FRAME 70. SECOND REQUIREMENT: a. (APC). b. c. Depict the following units and installations: 1-

Third Squad, 2d Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry (MOTORIZED). Team ATLAS, 2d Battalion (MECH), 77th Infantry.

70

FRAME 70. Make notations of control measures on operations maps and overlays to read from left to right with the map held in its normal position (north to the top). This applies regardless of the position or direction of movement of friendly forces.

Proceed to FRAME 71. REQ #2 (CONT) d. e. f. First Battalion, 68th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 21st Infantry Division. Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 78th Infantry. Command Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 79th Infantry.

71

FRAME 71. LINE OF DEPARTURE (LD) is a line designated to coordinate the commitment of attacking units or scouting elements at a specified time of attack. An LD is a solid line generally perpendicular to the direction of attack with the letters LD at either end. LD LD FIRST SUPPORT COORDINATION LINE (FSCL) is a line beyond which all elements may attack targets without endangering friendly troops. A line extending across the affected sector designates an FSCL. FSCL

FSCL Proceed to FRAME 72. REQ #2 (CONT) g. h. i. Field Trains, 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry. Combat Trains, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 80th Infantry. Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 70th Infantry.

72

FRAME 72. AXIS OF ADVANCE. Show an axis of advance with an OPEN arrow normally drawn from the line of departure to the objective. It indicates a general route to follow. A commander assigned an axis of advance can move to either side. Show an effective axis of advance with solid lines. Show a proposed axis of advance with broken lines and label it with the effective date/time group, if known. A code name or unit designation normally identifies an axis of advance. EXAMPLE:

(Axis of Advance BLUE)

(Proposed Axis and Advance ARMOR)

NOTE: Observe the exception to the normal rule or writing (to be read from left to right). Also note that the word "Axis" is not written in the symbol. Proceed to FRAME 73. REQ #2 (CONT) j. k. l. Aid Station, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 81st Infantry. Observation Post, 1st Battalion, 71st Infantry. Observation Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 82d Infantry.

73

FRAME 73. Organization of the battlefield in the defense. At division and corps level, the battlefield is normally organized into three areas. FEBA XXXXX X XX X X X XX X XXX XX FEBA Proceed to FRAME 73. REAR AREA MAIN BATTLE AREA COVERING FORCE AREA REFERENCE FRAME(S)

SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT

a.

Third Squad, 2d Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry (APC)

38,39,41

b.

Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry (MOTORIZED).

38,39,41

c.

Tm ATLAS, 2d Battalion (Mech), 77th Infantry (APC).

15,19,41

74

FRAME 74. DEFENSIVE POSITIONS. A line broken at the rear of the positions to indicate the size of the unit occupying that position encloses defense positions, such as battle positions. The closed side of the symbol orients toward the most likely enemy approach. Enter the military symbol of the defending unit in the center of the enclosed area, either through direct plotting or by offsetting. Use the defending unit CP symbol, if the CP location is known. EXAMPLE:

(CP, Company C, 1st Bn, 66th Infantry) (Battle Position, Company C, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry) Proceed to FRAME 75. SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT (CONT) REFERENCE FRAME(S)

d.

First Battalion, 68th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 21st Infantry Division (APC)

38,39,41

e.

Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 78th Infantry (APC)

15,19,41

f.

Command Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 79th Infantry (APC)

15,19,41

75

FRAME 75. Show proposed or prepared, but unoccupied, defensive positions with a broken line. FRAME 76. Depict the defensive positions described below.

(Proposed Battle Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry (APC) For answer, see page 75. Proceed to FRAME 77.

SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT (CONT)

REFERENCE FRAME(S)

g.

Field Trains, 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry

43,45

h.

Combat Trains, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 80th Infantry

43,47

i.

Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 70th Infantry

35,44

76

Answer to FRAME 76 (on page 74).

(Proposed Battle Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry). The proposed battle position which you depicted should include the unit symbol of the defending unit.

GO BACK TO PAGE 3 START WITH FRAME 77

SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT (CONT)

REFERENCE FRAME(S)

j.

Aid Station, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 81st Infantry

35,44

k.

Observation Post, 1st Battalion, 71st Infantry

43,47

l.

Observation Post Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 82d Infantry

43,48

77

To assist you and reinforce what you have learned, COMPLETE REQUIREMENTS 3 AND 4 contained at the end of this programmed text. THIRD REQUIREMENT: 1. GENERAL SITUATION: PRACTICAL EXERCISE (OFFENSIVE GRAPHICS)

a. The 52d Infantry Division (Mech) attacking east has advanced to a line 10-12 kilometers east of the FULDA River. b. Task Force (TF) 2-76, a part of the 1st Brigade, 52d Infantry Division (Mech), attacked to the east against light, but increasing enemy resistance. At 1600 hours, stubborn enemy defense temporarily halted the attack. Brigade issued an operations order to renew the attack tomorrow at 0600. 2. SPECIAL REQUIREMENT: The S3 is now preparing the written operations order. He requested that you prepare the overlay that will accompany the order. You need to depict the following information on the overlay. Depict the following graphics on the monoline map located on page 77. a. TM ALPHA and TM BRAVO are on the LD/LC. TM ALPHA is on the north and TM BRAVO on the south. Both teams (TM) are controlled by a mech company headquarters element. b. TM TANK (Armored Company) is in reserve and is in the assembly area in the vic NB478150. c. The Task Force (TF) command post is within TM TANK's assembly area, the CP's exact location is NB 479144. The CP's proposed new location will be NB559193. d. The TF combat trains are presently in vic NB469128. new locations will be NB550173. e. The aid station is in vic NB471127. Their proposed new location is Their proposed

f. The Mortar platoon is in vic NB503149. NB558183.

g. The unit on our left will be the 2-77 (Mech) and the unit on our right will be the 2d Brigade. h. TM ALPHA objective will be OBJ 1 vic NB585200. will be OBJ 2 vic NB595189. i. TM BRAVO's objective

Contact points will be in vic NB579210 (#6) and NB603177 (#7).

j. Check points will be in vic NB533175 (#15), NB546156 (#16), NB564189 (#17), and NB477169 (#18). 3. 4. SOLUTION TO REQUIREMENT FOLLOWS. SOLUTION TO THE THIRD REQUIREMENT:

a. A company boundary between the two units and properly labeled indicates what units are on the LD/LC. b. The unit symbol must indicate that TM TANK is an armored unit, and it must indicate that TM TANK is in an assembly area. c. The unit symbol must indicate that it is a task force and positioned

78

within TM TANK assembly area. The outside of the unit symbol indicating the proposed position must be a broken line, to include the staff. d. The symbol for the combat trains must have the label CBT and indicate that it is a task force combat train. If using a staff on the proposed location, it must come off the bottom center of the symbol. e. The unit symbol for an aid station must be correct. it must come off the bottom center of the circle. If using a staff,

f. The unit symbol must indicate a platoon-size element and labeled MORT. If you used 4 tubes, you indicated four medium mortars located at that position. If using a staff, it should come off the bottom center of the symbol. g. The boundary on the left must indicate a battalion-size boundary, with 2d Battalion, 77th Infantry on the upper half and TF 2-76 on the lower half. The boundary on the right is a brigade-size boundary between the 1st and 2d Brigade. h. Each objective must have the label OBJ and the number given that OBJ is either just to the right of OBJ or just below OBJ. i. Indicate each contact point by a small rectangle with the proper number inside and a line from the center of the rectangle to the exact location. j. Indicate the four check points by four rectangles with the proper number indicated inside the rectangles and a point from the bottom center of the rectangle to the exact location.

79