Introduction to WSUD

Council Name and Logo

Overview
Introduction to WSUD WSUD Principles and Objectives WSUD Elements
Best Planning Practices Best Management Practices

Water Sensitive Urban Design

WSUD seeks to ensure that urban development and urban landscapes are carefully designed, constructed and maintained so as to minimise the impacts on the urban water cycle potable water, wastewater, and stormwater.
WATER SENSITIVE Sustainable solutions for managing water resources Protecting aquatic ecosystems URBAN DESIGN Integrating into the urban design Enhancing landscape and habitat features Creating an Urban Ecology

Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) WSUD resilience to Climate Change, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) WSUD resilience to Climate Change, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) WSUD resilience to Climate Change, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Rainfall ~450,000 kL/yr

Potable Water Import ~388,000 kL/yr

Stormwater Runoff to Cooks River ~260,000 kL/yr

58%

Consumed by inhabitants 1% ~4,000 kL/yr

Wastewater Discharge to Malabar Ocean 78% Outfall ~304,000 kL/yr

Garden and open space watering ~80,000 kL/yr 21% 42%

Infiltration and evapotranspiration of stormwater ~190,000 kL/yr

Marrickville Council (2006) Illawarra Road Catchment Introduction and Landuse, prepared for Marrickville Council by Ecological Engineering, Marrickville Council, http://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/edrawer/GenDocLink.asp?RecId=28205.09

Urbanisation results in:

Increased nutrient concentrations and plant growth increased sediment loads and turbidity, reduced light and photosynthesis and smothering of aquatic habitats Increased contaminants and toxics (heavy metals, hydrocarbons and pesticides) Increased litter and debris which impact on the aesthetic and beneficial uses of waterways Changes to flow patterns increased flow rate, volume, and flooding risks, loss of riparian vegetation, erosion and loss of habitat Changing the morphology of creeks and rivers- loss of aquatic habitat Changes to groundwater levels and potential impacts on soil conditions, including increased salinity, and Importation of exotic plants / weeds reducing riparian vegetation and habitat.

Water Sensitive Urban Design

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) WSUD resilience to Climate Change, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Integrated Management of the Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) WSUD resilience to Climate Change, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Benefits of WSUD

Climate Change mitigation reducing urban heat island effect Climate Change adaptation provision of green corridors Biodiversity enhancement local provenance plantings Infrastructure renewal WSUD can be included in road upgrades and/or traffic calming, thereby reducing stormwater loadings Water scarcity and/or water restriction impacts from drought irrigating sports fields with stormwater Integration of WSUD into open space Improving aesthetics and liveability of our cities Improved health and wellbeing

WSUD PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES

Federal response to WSUD

Australian Government promotes WSUD through: National Water Initiative, WSUD is defined as:
the integration of urban planning with the management, protection and conservation of the urban water cycle, that ensures urban water management is sensitive to natural hydrological and ecological cycles.

National Water Quality Management Strategy

Improved developments to achieve of locally adopted water quality and river flow objectives

National Guidelines on WSUD Australian Runoff Quality Guidelines for evaluating water sensitive urban design principles and practices Water-sensitive cities - priority projects

Principles of WSUD
Protection and enhancement of natural water systems Treating urban stormwater to meet water quality objectives for reuse and/or discharge to receiving waters. Matching the natural water runoff regime as closely as possible Reducing potable water demand Minimising wastewater generation and treatment of wastewater to a standard suitable for effluent reuse opportunities Integrating stormwater management into the urban landscape

WSUD objectives Potable water

New residential dwellings comply with BASIX. Buildings not affected by BASIX
must install 4 star dual-flush toilets, 3 star showerheads, 4 star taps and 3 star urinals. must install rainwater tanks to meet a portion of supply such as outdoor use, toilets, laundry or hot water.

Installation of dual reticulation for toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation and potentially cooling towers in large redevelopment areas. Water use within public open space (for uses such as irrigation, pools, water features etc.) should be supplied from alternative sources to meet 80% of this demand.

WSUD objectives Stormwater

Stormwater discharged from development areas to be treated in accordance with best practice:
80% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 60% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Phosphorus (TP) 45% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Nitrogen (TN) 90% reduction in the mean annual load of Gross Pollutants

Waterway stability targets Bushland and wetland targets

WSUD ELEMENTS

WSUD Elements
Best Planning Practices WSUD in strategic and statutory planning Masterplanning Street layout and streetscapes Public Art Best Management Practices 1. Demand Management 2. Supplementing drinking water
Rainwater harvesting Stormwater harvesting Wastewater Recycling

3. Stormwater Treatment
Gross Pollutant Traps Vegetated swales & buffers Bioretention systems Wetlands

WSUD in strategic and statutory planning

Legislation GCC SEPP (NSW) BASIX SEPP (NSW)
Information
Development Application Construction Certificate Introductory Fact Sheet Concept Design Guide

Council DCPs
Supporting WSUD Guidelines

MUSIC Modelling Guide

Detail Design Guide / Standard Drawings Construction and Establishment Guide Asset Management

Construction

Ongoing Operation

Operation and Maintenance Guide

Masterplanning / Conceptual Design of WSUD

Urban Planner / Architect Civil Engineer Urban Planner / Architect

Stormwater Engineer / Ecologist

Landscape Architect

Civil Engineer

Landscape Architect

Stormwater Engineer / Ecologist

Masterplanning

Landcom, (2009) Landcom WSUD Strategy: Part 3 Case Studies, see http://www.landcom.com.au/whats-new/publications-reports/water-sensitive-urbandesign.aspx

Masterplanning
Stormwater storage and treatment

Bioretention Medians

Irrigation uses treated stormwater and bore water

Low irrigation vegetation

Wetland

Water Art in Stairs

Landcom, (2009) Landcom WSUD Strategy: Part 3 Case Studies, see http://www.landcom.com.au/whats-new/publications-reports/water-sensitive-urbandesign.aspx

Public Art

WSUD DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND REUSE

Demand management
Water efficient fixtures, fittings and appliances Water efficient landscaping and drought tolerant plants Efficient water irrigation systems (subsurface, drip systems or rainfall/moisture controlled systems) Supplement water supply using alternative sources of water

Storm water

Potable Water

Human consum ption

Hot water system

Shower and bathroom

Toilet flushing

Clothes washing

Garden irrigation

Air Condition -ing

Waste water

Storm water

Storm water Waste water Human consum ption Hot water Shower and bathroom Toilet flushing Clothes washing Garden irrigation Air Con

Potable Water

WSUD STORMWATER TREATMENT

Treatment Requirements
Pollution Issue Particle Size
Visual Sediment Organics Nutrients Metals

Treatment

Gross Solids > 5mm Coarse- to Medium5 mm 125 m Fine Particulates 125 m 10 m Very Fine/Colloidal 10 m 0.45 m Dissolved Particles < 0.45 m
Turbidity Litter

Gross Pollutant Trap

Gravel Plant Debris

Screening

Swale
Silt Particulate Particulate

Sedimentation

Enhanced Sedimentation

Bioretention, Wetland
Natural & Anthropogenic Materials Colloidal Soluble

Adhesion and Filtration Biological Uptake

Engineers Australia (2006) Australian Runoff Quality, ed Wong, T. F., Engineers Australia, Melbourne.

Gross Pollutant Traps

Benefits
reduce litter, debris, coarse sediment pre-treatment for other systems (eg wetlands)

Considerations
Can be ugly and/or expensive Maintenance: capital vs. maintenance cost Limited ability to treat nutrients

Buffer Strips & Vegetated Swales

Benefits
remove coarse and medium sediment streetscape benefits alternative conveyance system

Considerations
Restricted to mild slopes (1-4%) Interactions with driveways, footpaths Limited ability to treat nutrients

Bioretention & Wetland

Bioretention Biological uptake N and P Filtration 2-3% catchment area Does not retain water Small to medium scale Wetland Biological uptake N and P Sedimentation 5-8% catchment area Retains permanent water Medium to large scale

Bioretention Systems
Overf low pit Slot in kerb Footpath Road 0.1 - 0.3 m Temporary ponding

0.5 - 1m Filter media

0.1 m Transition layer (sand) 0.15 m Drainage layer, with perf orated pipes (gravel) Impervious liner 0.5 1.5 m

Stormwater drainage (eg 375 mm pipe)

Kerb opening through lintel (Ku-ring-gai Council)

Slotted kerb opening and grate (Docklands, Melbourne)

Bioretention at differing scales

Wetlands
Macrophyte Zone

High Flow Bypass

Deep Water Zones

Sedimentation Basin

Wetlands at differing scales

How to size it right.....

MUSIC Model For Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation. Uses include:
Determining flows from catchment Water quality benefits Lifecycle cost

Can model WSUD elements including;

Wetlands ponds & basins bioretention systems/rain gardens infiltration systems swales and buffers stormwater harvesting and reuse (including tanks & other storage options)

COUNCIL WSUD PROJECTS

 Council to insert projects

WSUD RESOURCES

Resources
WSUD.org (Sydney)- http://www.wsud.org/ Healthy Waterways (SE Qld)- http://www.waterbydesign.com.au/ Clearwater (Melbourne)- http://www.clearwater.asn.au/ WSUD @ Melbourne Water - http://wsud.melbournewater.com.au/ Australian Runoff Quality - http://www.ncwe.org.au/arq/ EWater - http://www.toolkit.net.au/