Section

A place to live
world cou ntry home
bu ild ing

10
11

12
13

accommodation and rent

1+

Key Words for Fluency

- lntermediate

world
Verb + world
change the world

Adjective + world
a changing world an ideal world

destroy the world take over the world

see the world

the outside world a safer world the whole world

World * noun world affairs world peace a world authority a world record

l.

Verb + world
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove yerbs:

l. As ayoungman lwantedto...

..theworld before lsettled down.That'swhy

I went off to Australia and New Zealand. 2. Like many young people, my son is very idealistic and he wants to ... the world and make it a better place. 3. Man is the only creature capable of . . . . . the world. 4. Fast food outlets seem to have . . . . . over the world.You'll find burgers and fries in almost every corner of the planet. 2.

Adjective + world
Complete these sentences with the obove odjectives:

l. Asthe onlysurvivorof the crash,lfelt lwasthe luckiestman in the.. ...world. 2. We must get rid of nuclear weapons to guarantee our children a . . . . . world. 3. We live in a rapidly . . . . . world and must learn to adapt if we are to succeed.
4. In an
cut off from
3.
.....

world, no one would go hungry.

5. The people on this small island have no telephones or radios - they are completely

the

.....world.

World

* noun
l.

.'

Complete these sentences with the obove nouns:

DrVoits, a world ..... on UFOs, will be giving a talk in the main lecture theatre this evening. 2. Maurice Green broke his own world . . . . . when he won the 100 metres at the Olympics. 3. lf you want to broaden your knowledge of world . . ., you should read a newspaper every day. 4. The recent increase in terrorism is a real threat to world

Notes

l.
2.

Note these prepositional expressions: The ceremony was wotched by millions oround the world I throughout the world Note these expressions: Thereb nothing in the world we can do obout it (nothing at all) Ihere's no need to rush,we've got oll the time in the world. (hove plenty of time)
He carried on, without o care in the world. (not worried obout onything at all) The food wos out of this world! (fantostic) Thonks for coming.lt meons the world to me. (very importont to me)

the world over.

3.
10

Note that if you break a world record, you become the world record holder.

Key Words for Fluency

- lntermediate

cotlntry
*rO * .*-ary
j
enter a country flee a country paralyse a country rePresent a country run a country

Adjective + country
country a free country a neighbouring country an underdeveloped country
a foreign a wealthy countD/

Common expressions
countries countries countries countries countries break off relations go to war
gain independence host sporting events sign agreements

t. Verb

+ country
complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove verbs:

l. He
had

....

2. A rail, air and bus strike has . .

the country to escape arrest for the murder of his wife. . . the country. Most offices and factories have

to shut down.
a visa

3. You'll need

to

..

.. the country.

4. Ylany people are unhappy with the way the governmenr is .. .. 5. She was proud to . .. . her country at the recent Olympics.
2.

the country.

Adjective + country
Complete these sente nces with the obove odjectives:

l.

lt's hard to believe that, in such enough food.

....

country, some people don't have

2. lt's difficult to live in a . . . . country if you don't speak the language. 3. Don't tell me what to do! lt's a . .. . country and I can do what I like! 4. The UN is often involved in settling border disputes between . . . . countries.
5. The developed world should provide more aid to

....

countries.

3. Common expressions
Match the

holves:
country will host

l. Which

2. Twenty countries signed 3. The country gained 4. Our country has broken off 5. The rwo countries are in danger of

a.

independence from the UK

in

1967.

b. going to war over oil.

c. diplomatic relations with the

UK.

d. an agreement ro stop whaling. e. the next Olympic Gamesl

Note

Note these verb + preposition expressions:

We are here todoy to honour those who fought ond died for their country in twoWorldWors. Thirty illegal immigrants have been deported back to the country they come from. All vehicles ore checked at the border to prevent drugs being smuggled into the country.

z7--"She wos so proud to represent her country!"

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

home
Verb
get

r home Home * noun home home address head home home cooking leave home home delivery return home home town

Verb

noun

take a taxi home see (you) home send (you) home welcome (you) home

* home Preposition * home

at home away from home from home on the way home

call home

own your home

l.

Verb + home
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove yerbs:

L He

....

home at the age

of 18 and joined the

army.

2. I think we should . .. . home now, before it gets too dark. 3. I might be able to go - it depends on what time | ..... .. . .. home from work. 4. Some people want to . . . . their home, while others are quite h"ppy to rent. 5. I . . .. home once a week on my mobile to see how my parents are keeping. 6. We became increasingly worried when our daughter failed to ... .. home.

2. Home * noun
Choose the correct collocotion:

When I went away to university I missed my mother's home cool<ing / meals. Please remember to write your home address / street at the top of the letter. 3. The price of the dishwasher includes free home transport / delivery and installation. 4. When she dies, she wants to be buried in her home city / town.

l.

2.

3. Verb

noun + home
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove yerbs:

l. The teacher . . . . him home from School for bad behaviour. 2. One of my colleagues .... me home safely after the party. 3. lf you miss the last bus, you can always ....a taxi home. 4. Hundreds of fans went to the airport to . . . . their team home.
4. Preposition + home
Motch the two holyes:

l. My job involves a lot of travel so I'm 2. There was nobody

3. I stopped at the supermarket 4. The internet makes it possible

a. on the way home from work. b. to work from home. c. at home when I called. d. away from home for weeks at a time.
seo.

Notes

l.

Note these adlective collocations: My ideal home would hove on indoor swimming pool ond it would overlook the He's from o broken home. His parents seporated when he wos only four. They spend the summer in their holidoy home in the French Alps. the expressions'home-grown' and'home-made':
We hod home-grown vegetobles ond home-mode breod for lunch.

2. Note

12

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

building
Verb + building
construct a building

Adjective + building
a derelict building an empty building a fine building a high-rise building the main building a public building

Noun+prep+building
appearance of a building 'damage to the building entry to the building a floor of the building the tenants of a building

demolish a building convert a building

evacuate a building restore a building

l.

Verb + building
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the above yerbs:

l. Our company has the contract to design and . . . . . the new parliament building. 2. This beautiful old building has been painstakingly . . . . . to its former glory. 3. Within minutes of receiving the bomb threat, we had . . . . . the building. 4. There are plans to . . . . . the old school building into homes for the elderly. 5. Engineers say that the building is unsafe and that it will have to be . . .
2.

Adjective + building
Complete the sentences with the obove odjectives:

l.

2. NewYork

Our footsteps echoed through the . . . . building. has .. . .. buildings everywhere.

flags

3. On the day of the King's funeral,

flew at half

4.

mast on all ... ..buildings. Ylany homeless people end up sleeping rough

Lb g. b' 9t
I

in parks and.. ...buildings. 5. My department isn't in the town centre, but the . . . . . building of the university is right in the middle of towrl

t,'
9e
99 L5

ta yr

'
3. t.

:::::: t:: 3:i:fl';l

ci'cv wi'ch

'"s 'f
"lt's nothing but high+ise
buildings everywhere!"

Noun + preposition + building

Complete the sentences with the obove nouns:
. . . . . to

the building has been estimated at f60,000. there has to be a fire exit on each . . . . . of the building. 3. The burglars gained . . . . . to the building through the back door. 4. All the . . . . . of the building are unhappy about the increase in rents. 5. The interior of the hotel has been extensively renovated, but the outward of the building hasn't changed for over 100 years.
2. By law,

Notes

l. Note how we say we like a building: It is on attroctive building with beoutiful gordens. Ihe costle is an impressive building with its high wolls ond huge gote. The Blue Mosque in lstanbul is o truly mogniftcent building. 2 A'listed building' is one which cannot be changed without permission from the government. It is usually an important building because of its history or design.

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

13

accommodation and rent

Verb

* accommodation

Adjective

* accommodation

Verb

* rent

free accommodation fu rn ished accommodation self-cateri ng accommodation temporary accommodation

afford the rent

owe rent pay the rent put up the rent withhold the rent

l. Verb *

accommodation
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the obove yerbs:

We help new employees to . . . . . suitable accommodation in the city. Most find something they like within a week or two. 2. Students are . . . . . accommodation in the halls of residence for their first year. We're lucky we have plenty of student flats and rooms. 3 lt's a small hotel but it can .. . . . accommodation for up to thirty people.

l.

4. Vy Uncle

Paul is disabled and . . . . . in sheltered accommodation, where there is a warden on call to provide help if needed.

2. Adjective + accommodation
Complete the sentences with the obove odjectives:

is using the local school hall as . . . . accommodation for the families made homeless by the recent floods. 2. We're in . .. . accommodation, so we'll be doing all our own cooking. 3. Theflat had a bed and a chair!That's notwhat lcall . ...accommodation! 4. In return for . . . . accommodation and food, I tidy the house and look after the two kids while the parents are at work.

l. The council

3. Verb

* rent
Complete the sentences

wth the correct form of

the above verbs:

l. 1..

...a

slightly higher rentthan the othertenants in the flat because my

..

room is the biggest. 2. The landlord wants to

3.

..

up the rent by t25 a month, but I'm refusing to

We're

PaY anY more.

4.
5.

. . . . . the rent until the landlord agrees to get the central heating fixed. We need a bigger house for our large family, but we can't . . . . . the rent. The landlord is threatening to evict the tenants if they don't pay the rent they . . . . . by the end of the week.

Notes

l.
2.

Note these expressions with 'accommodation': Ihere's o shortoge of I a lock of cheop rented accommodotion for students in London. Note these expressions with'rent':
Since losing my job,l've follen behind with the rent (not oble to pay it) The rent is due one month in odvonce. (poy for the month ohead)

Most of my salory goes on rent.l've very little left for food ond entertoinment. I hove o spore room to let ot o monthly rent of t55. Whot's the rent on the house?

14

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

Section z
The environ ment
envlronment t6 pollution, fumes, waste and rubbish 17 earthqual<e and flood rB
sto rm
da mage 19

20

E
"Now, Carol, don't you think you're toking this

o bit too far?"

Key Words for Fluency

- lntermediate

enutronment
Verb

* environment Adj + environment Noun + prep + ... environment a hostile environment damage to the environment harm the environment a male environment effect on th* environment pollute the environment a pleasant environment a threat to the environment protect the environment a safe environment in harmony with the ...
resPect the a stress-free

environment the destruction of the

...

l.

Verb

environment
Complete these sente nces with the correct form of the obove yerbs:

l.
2.

Many of the town's factories continue to . . . . . the environment.The local rivers have all been ruined by the chemicals from some of them. I always try to buy eco-friendly products that don't . . . . . the environment.

... . . the environment through new projects in schools. 4. Acid rain produced by factories is killing trees across the country.The government must introduce new policies to . . . . . the environment.

3. The government hopes to teach children to

2. Adjective + environment
We use 'environment'to describe the conditions that we leorn ond work in. Complete the
sentences with the obove odjectives:

My office is quite bright and spacious. lt's a . . . . . working environment. Unlike some people, I actually like coming to work! 2. No working environment is entirely ... . .There are always pressures. 3. As a deep-sea diver I have to work in a dangerous and ... .. environment. 4. I work in a predominantly ... . . environment. I'm the only woman in the office! 5. Employers should provide a . . . . . working environment for their employees so that accidents are avoided as far as possible.

l.

3. Noun + preposition + environment

Complete these sente nces with the obove nouns:

l.

Many chemicals used in industry have a damaging Some of them take a very long time to disappear.

.....

on the environment.

2. Overpopulation is probably the greatest . . . . . to the environment today. 3. lt's important that tourism develops in . . . . . with the environment. 4. Every day large areas of forest disappear to make paper for newspapers. Few of
take the time to think about this large scale . . . . . of the environment. 5. We are causing serious . . . . . to the environment by using up the Eartht natural resources.

us

Notes

An 'environmentalist' is someone who wants to protect the environment. The Green Party is a political organisation whose main aim is to protect the environment. Greenpeace is an international organisation which organises protests around the world to protect the environment. 2. We talk about'environmentally-friendly products'.

l.

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

pollution, f"mes, waste and rubbish

Verb + pollution
reduce pollution

Verb * fumes
inhale fumes

Verb

* waste

Verb + rubbish
clear up rubbish

create waste
dispose of waste dump waste recycle waste

pollution destroys pollution threatens pollution rises

fumes pour out be overcome by

fumes

collect rubbish
pick up rubbish recycle rubbish

t. Verb

+ pollution
complete these sentences with the correctform of the obove verbs:

l.

Most cars now have a catalytic converter to

has .

2. Air pollution

. . . to unacceptable levels

3. scientists have warned that pollution is 4. Pollution from the oil tanker is . . . .
2.

. . . . . pollution. in some areas of the city. . . . . . the ozone layer. . fish farms all along the coast.

help

Verb + fumes
Complete these sente nces with the obove yerbs:

fumes were . out of the back of the old bus. 2. Three firemen needed hospital treatment after . . ... poisonous fumes. 3. A number of workers were by toxic fumes from the burning factory and had to be carried out of the building by firefighters.

l. Thick black exhaust

iol

ix)-e

3. Verb

waste
Complete these sente nces with the obove yerbs:

l. We have a compost bin whic! we use to .... . our household waste.

2. The company was fined for ..
untreated industrial waste into the river.

"You should'ye seen the black exhaust fumes pouring out of the bus!"

3. We use too much packaging on food. It ... ..a lot of unnecessary waste.

4.

ls there a safe way

to

.....

of nuclear waste?

4. Verb + rubbish
Complete these sentences with the correct form

of the obove

yerbs:

l. The rubbish is . . . . 3 Please

4. Why not
Note
.

2. Who's responsible for

on Mondays, but I put the bin out on Sunday night. . . . up the rubbish after the carnivall up your rubbish when you leave, and put it into the bins. . . . your household rubbish instead of throwing it away?
. .

Note these expressions:

The government loys down strict guidelines for the disposo/ of hozordous woste. There should be on internationol bon on the dumping of radioaaive woste or seo. After the match the stodium wos littered with rubbish.

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

earthquake and flood

I earthquake survive an earthquake set off an earthquake withstand an earthquake
predict an
earthquakes hit
earthquakes devastate earthquakes shake buildings

Verb + earthquake

Flood

floods cause damage floods cut the area off floods hit the area
floods sweep things

* verb

Flood
flood flood flood flood

noun

damage

victim warning

away

water

l.

Verb + earthqual<e
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the obove verbs:
. earthquakes. Most of the tall buildings in Tokyo have been designed to . . . It's always the older buildings which sustain the most damage. 2. A major earthquake will probably . . . . Los Angeles within the next 50 years. earthquakes. 3. ln the future, scientists hope to become more accurate in . . . . But persuading people to leave their homes is another matter! . . . . the whole region. 4. A huge earthquake, measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale, There are only a few buildings left standing in the whole area. 5. The earthquake . . . . many buildings in the area, but the tremors were not powerful enough to cause any of them to collapse. 6. Few buildings . . . . the earthquake intact. Most suffered damage of some kind

or other.

li::: i:::7T#I.:i: ll?iffi:l:rs

we have experienced in recent months mav

2. Flood + verb
Complete these sentences with the correct forrm

of the obove

verbs;

The floods have . . . . off a number of villages in the area. Rescue services are using boats to get food and drinking water through to the flood victims. 2. The region was . . . . by a series of flash floods.There was no time to issue flood warnings and hundreds were drowned as a result. 3. Heavy floods have . . . . away homes and roads in the south of Bangladesh. Villagers will have to wait until the flood waters recede before they can return. 4. These severe floods have . . . . widespread destruction. lt'll be months before the flood damage is cleared up. Now underline the flood + noun expressions in the sentences.

l.

Notes

l.

Note these expressions with 'earthquake':

The west coost of America is prone to earthquokes. (likely to be affected by them) It's an eorthquoke-prone region. Hundreds of people were buried olive in the eorthquoke. Places like Nop/es ond Los Ange/es ore in eorthquoke zones.

2. Note

these expressions with'flood':

in low-lying oreos were evocuoted to higher ground becouse of the floods. After the cotostrophic floods the government declared o stote of emergency. The floods hove left thousonds of people home/ess.
People living 18

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

storm
Verb

* storm

Common expressions
badly damaged in a storm blown down in a storm blown off in a storm struck by lightning in a storm wrecked in a storm uprooted in a storm

storms break
storms strike

storms destroy storms rage storms die down

be caught in a storm sleep through a storm

L Verb

storm
Complete these sente nces with the correct form

of the

obove yerbs;

I'

Hundreds of people were made homeless when severe

east coast of America.

storms

. . . . . the

2. A violent
shelter.

storm

. . . . . just as . . . . . for

we reached the beach, and we had to run for

3. A terrible storm

it

had

two whole days.We couldn't leave our hotel till

.

.....down. lt

was terrifying!

4. The old church was completely

.. .. in the great srorm of 1954.

Complete the verb phroses with the correct preposition:

5. We were caught......a heavy storm on the way home last night.

6. I don't know how you

managed

to

sleep

the thunderstorm.

2. Common expressions
Motch the halves: Two ships were driven onto rocks and

A number of roofs werer.

One of the town's oldest buildings was badly Thousands of trees were Several people were struck by lightning blown off during the violent storms. during yesterday's electrical storm. uprooted in the great storm. wrecked in the storm. damaged in the storm.
Notes

"Thousonds of trees were uprooted in the storm."

l.

Note these expressions with 'storm':

We took she/ter from the storm in o bus she/ter. The storm left 10,000 homes without power or woter. The storm coused widespreod damoge. It wos the worst storm in living memory.

2. 3.

Note this expression: It wos the storm of the century! Nobody hos seen anything like it! 'lt was a storm in a teacup' means there was a lot of argument, or worry about something
unrmPortant.

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate

damage
i I
Verb + damage
cause damage insure against damage

Noun+of+damage
the cost of the damage the extent of the damage a risk of damage signs of damage (f200) worth of damage

prevent damage suffer damage repair damage

l. Verb + damage
Complete these sente nces with the correct form of the obove verbs:

to the forest by keeping to the paths. . . . . . damage to property estimated at { 100 million. 2. The storm . .... much damage in the gales' 3. Your house doesn't seem to have . . . . . against theft and accidental damage. 4. All our household products are . . the damage caused by the fire' 5. lt'll cost about f5O,OO0 to . . .

l.

please help us

to

..

..

damage

2.

How much damage?

Mork the sentences (LOT)

if

they meon o lot of domoge, ond (LIT) for little domoge:

l. The volcanic eruption caused considerable damage to buildings. lt will take millions
of dollars to rePair them.

2. When the river floods, it causes extensive damage to the surrounding villages. 3. lt was a relatively small earthquake. lt caused only minor damage to buildings.

4. Fortunately, there were no iniuries,

and the damage to my car was minimal' 5. The oil spill has killed fish and caused incalculable damage to the coastline. 6. The house only suffered super{icial damage from the high winds. Only a few slates were missing from the roof. 7. lf we dont reduce pollution, we will cayse serious damage to the environment.

3. Noun + of + damage
Complete these sentences with the obove nouns:
. . . . . of damage to ProPerty every year' Storms cause thousands of pounds' . . . of the damage at the time' lt was not 2. lt was difficult to appreciate rhe full . . until the morning after that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen. . . . . . of the damage caused by the oil spill will be around f200 million. 3. The ' ' ' ' ' of damage to the boat' Although we hit a rock, there were no obvious

l.

4. 5.

Unless we can lowerthe levels of air pollution,there is a serious...........of damage to some of the old buildings and monuments in the city centre.

Notes

l.

Note the adjectives we use to describe damage that can't be repaired: If we con't stop the oil teoking from the tonker, irreparoble damoge will be done to the coostline' ogain. De-forestotion hos coused irreversible damoge to the soiL Nothing will ever grow in it
The smoll omounts

of toxic

chemicols in these fish con couse permonent broin domoge in children'

2. Note
3.
20

this exPression: Don't worry. No domoge hos been done' Note that in 3-2'extent of the damage' and'scale of the damage' are similar in meaning'

Key Words for Fluency

lntermediate