data

raw facts collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts its directly linked to how it helps deciison makers achieve

information themselves

What is the value of information? their organization's goals

What is an Information System? A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective (THIS PROCESS COULD BE MANUAL OR COMPUTERIZED) hardware software computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities computer programs that govern the operation of the computer

database an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files telecommunications the electronic transmission of signals for communications which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks people the most important element in most CBIS; includes people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system procedures includes the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using the CBIS; procedures for operations, maintenance, security What is systems development? The activity of creating new business systems or modifying existing business systems using internal or external resources What are the 5 Systems Development Stages? Implementation, Maintenance & review IADIM Investigation, Analysis, Design,

Organization a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals value chain a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse & storage, production, finished product storage, outboun logistics, marketing & sales, and customer service organizational culture major understandings and assumptions of a business or other organization organizational change how organizations plan for, implement, and handle change technology diffusion a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout an organization

technology infusion

is the exten to which technology permeates an area or department

technology acceptance model TAM specifies the factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology in an organization competitive advantage competition a significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its

Factors that lead firms to seek competitive advantage rivalry among existing competitors, threats of new entrants, threat of substitute produts and services, bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers (cost efficiency is generally not a motive for seeking competitive advantage) three stages in the use of "IS" cost reduction and productivity, competitive advantage, and performance based management Performance is used to evaluate the contributions (value & cost) of the IS (six phases) Productivity= (Output/Input) * 100 OI Return on Investment (ROI) Earnings growth Market Share Customer Awareness and satisfaction Total Cost of Ownership Roles, Functions, and careers in "IS" Executive management, Operationss, Systems Development, Support A computer is a device that Accepts input, Processes data, Stores data,Produces output

A computer system includes Hardwarethe physical components Softwarethe programs or lists of instructions Architecture or configuration means is the design of the computer (what the computer consists of) Specification is the technical detail about each component (how fast is the printer) Types of computers Hand-held

Portable (Laptop, Notebook, Tablet)

Thin Client Desktop Workstation Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Input devices Keyboard Mouse Other Pointing Devices Wireless pointer Touch pad Track ball Microphone Digital Camera Scanner Touch sensitive screens Bar-Code Scanners Optical Data Readers Point-of-Sale (POS) Devices Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices Hardware (types) Output devices Processing hardware Input devices

Storage devices Hardware (output) Printers Plotters Speakers Monitors Resolution Dot Pitch Printers Ink-jet Dot Matrix Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character. How many are there? Kilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB) is about one million bytes Gigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytes Terabyte (TB) is about one trillion bytes What are the two most important components of personal computer hardware? Microprocessor (CPU) and the memory *both directly affect the price and performance What is the microprocessor or CPU is an integrated circuit or chip on the main circuit board inside the computer. It is made up of: Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) Control unit Laser Screen Size Monitors

Its speed is determined by:

Clock Speed/Machine cycle Word size or Wordlength Physical characteristics (distance and resistance Ram Random Access Memory) is temporary memory that is constantly changing while the computer is on. Rom Read-Only Memory) is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses. Types of processing Multicore microprocessor - combines two or more independent processors into a single computer so they can share the workload

Parallel processing - A form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking several processors to operate at the same time, or in parallel.

Grid computing - use a collection of computers often owned by multiple organizations, to work in a coordinated manner Storage Access Methods Sequential Access - The retrieval method in which data must be accessed in the order in which it is stored. (tape drives)

Direct Access - The retrieval method in which data can be retrieved without the need to read and discard other data. SAN (Storage Area Networks) The technology that provides high-speed connections between data-storage devices and computers over a network RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) A method of storing data that generates extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a "reconstruction map" so that if a hard drive fails, the system can rebuild lost data. What is software? is the instructions and data that direct the computer to accomplish the task. It can refer to a single program or a package System software helps the computer carry out it s basic operating tasks.

Application software helps the user carry out a variety of tasks.

Systems Software Operating Systems Provide a user interface Manage system memory Manage processing tasks Provide networking capability Control access to system resources Manage files Application software examples Workgroup Applications Enterprise Applications

Perform common computer hardware functions

Personal Productivity Applications

Database Heirarchy from biggest to smallest Database, files, records, fields, character Data Modeling Key Considerations Content - What data should be collected, and at what cost? Access - What data should be provided to which users and when? Logical structure - How should data be arranged so it makes sense to a given user? Physical organization - Where should data be physically located? Manipulating Data criteria Selecting - data manipulation that eliminates rows according to certain

Projecting - data manipulation that eliminates columns in a table Joining - data manipulation that combines two or more tables Database Management Systems A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs. What is a DBA (database administration) the role of the database administrator (DBA) is to plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases

Selecting a DBMS

Size Cost Number of Users Performance Integration Vendor Data Warehouse a database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers. Data Mart a subset of a data warehouse

Data Mining an information analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse. Bottom-up approach Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) the software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives. Top-down approach. Business Intelligience Gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations Competitive intelligience a continuous process involving the legal and ethical collection of information about competitors, its analysis, and controlled dissemination of information to decision makers Counterintelligience the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by "hostile" intelligence gatherers Knowledge Management the process of capturing a company's collective expertise wherever it resides, and distributing it wherever it can help produce the biggest payoff Character Level Formats Font size (point size) Font color Bold Italicize Underline Strikethrough Superscript/ subscript Paragraph Level Format Alignment Font

Indentations Left, Double, First, or hanging indent Tabs Line Spacing Document level formats Margins, paper size, paper orientation, vertical alignment

Field (equals what?) describes the entity; an attribute or characteristic of the entity (equals column) Record (equals what?)description of each entity; set of related field values (equals row) Table collection of fields and group of related records Database collection of related tables and other objects

What are two parts of a table?1) Structure 2) Data Primary Key in the main table field value must be unique field value is required Foreign Key in the related table field value is not necessarily unique field value is required