A Handbook of Varieties of English

Volume 1: Phonology

Edited by

Edgar W. Schneider Kate Burridge Bernd Kortmann Raj end Mesthrie Clive Upton

Mouton de Gruyter Berlin New York *

Contents of volume 1
Contents of volume 2 Abbreviations General introduction Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider General references x xv 1 10

The British Isles

Bernd Kortmann and Clive Upton (eds.) Introduction: varieties of English in the British Isles Bernd Kortmann and Clive Upton English spoken in Orkney and Shetland: phonology Gunnel Melchers Scottish English: phonology Jane Stuart-Smith Irish English: phonology. Raymond Hickey Welsh English: phonology Robert Penhallurick English dialects in the North of England: phonology Joan Beal The English West Midlands: phonology. Urszula Clark The dialect of East Anglia Peter Trudgill The dialects in the South of England: phonology Ulrike Altendorf and Dominic Watt Channel Island English: phonology Heinrich Ramisch Received Pronunciation Clive Upton British Creole: phonology Peter L. Patrick ;v :...... '..'.'. 25 35 47 68 98 113 134 163 178 204 217 231

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The Americas and the Caribbean

Edgar W. Schneider (ed.) I n t r o d u c t i o n : varieties o f E n g l i s h in the A m e r i c a s a n d t h e C a r i b b e a n . . . . . 2 4 7 Edgar W. Schneider Standard American English pronunciation William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. New England: phonology Naomi Nagy and Julie Roberts New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology Matthew J. Gordon . Rural Southern white accents ErikR. Thomas The urban South: phonology. Jan Tillery and Guy Bailey The West and Midwest: phonology Matthew J. Gordon English in Canada: phonology Charles Boberg Newfoundland English: phonology Sandra Clarke African American Vernacular English: phonology Walter F. Edwards Gullah: phonology Tracey L. Weldon Cajun Vernacular English: phonology Sylvie Dubois and Barbara M. Horvath Chicano English: phonology Otto Santa Ana and Robert Bayley Bahamian English: phonology Becky Childs and Walt Wolfram Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology Hubert Devonish and Otelemate G. Harry Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: phonology Michael Aceto
;

257 270 282 300 325 .. 338 351 366 .; 383 393 407 417 . . 435 450 481

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Bajan: phonology Renee Blake The Creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Valerie Youssefand Winford James Suriname Creoles: phonology Norval Smith and Vinije Haabo

501 508 525

The Pacific and Australasia

Kate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann (eds.) Introduction: varieties of English in the Pacific and Australasia Kate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann New Zealand English: phonology Laurie Bauer and Paul Warren Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology Elizabeth Gordon and Margaret Maclagan Maori English: phonology Paul Warren and Laurie Bauer Australian English: phonology Barbara M. Horvath Regional characteristics of Australian English: phonology David Bradley Australian Creoles and Aboriginal English: phonetics and phonology Ian G. Malcolm Bislama: phonetics and phonology Terry Crowley Solomon Islands Pijin: phonetics and phonology Christine Jourdan and Rachel Selbach Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea: phonology Geoff P. Smith Hawai'i Creole: phonology Kent Sakoda and Jeff Siegel Fiji English: phonology Jan Tent and France Mugler Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English: phonetics and phonology John Ingram and Peter Muhlhdusler :.... 567 580 603 614 625 645 656 671 690 710 729 750 780

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Africa, South and Southeast Asia

Rajend Mesthrie (ed.) Introduction: varieties of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia Rajend Mesthrie Nigerian English: phonology UlrikeB. Gut Nigerian Pidgin English: phonology Ben Elugbe Ghanaian English: phonology Magnus Huber Ghanaian Pidgin English: phonology Magnus Huber Liberian Settler English: phonology John Victor Singler Cameroon English: phonology Augustin Simo Bobda Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): phonology Thaddeus Menang East African English (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania): phonology Josef Schmied White South African English: phonology. . . Sean Bowerman Black South African English: phonology Bertus van Rooy Indian South African English: phonology Rajend Mesthrie Cape Flats English: phonology. Peter Finn St. Helena English: phonology Sheila Wilson Indian English: phonology . Ravinder Gargesh Pakistani English: phonology Ahmar Mahboob and Nadra Huma Ahmar 805 813 831 842 866 874 885 902 918 931 943 953 964 985 992 1003

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Singapore English: phonology Lionel Wee Malaysian English: phonology Loga Baskaran Philippine English: phonology Ma. Lourdes G. Tayao

1017 1034 1047

Synopses
The editors Synopsis: phonological variation in the British Isles Clive Upton Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean Edgar W. Schneider Synopsis: phonetics and phonology of English spoken in the Pacific and Australasian region Kate Burridge Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia Rajend Mesthrie Global synopsis: phonetic and phonological variation in English world-wide Edgar W. Schneider 1063 1075

1089

1099

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Index of subjects. Index of varieties and languages

1139 1161