Wireless Communication Systems Modul 13 4G LTE / LTE Advance for Mobile Broadband

Faculty of Electrical and Communication Institut Teknologi Telkom Bandung 2012

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Evolution of Wireless and Wireless

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Evolution step GSM / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA

Edge
Um Um BTS PCU BSC Edge TRX Node-B

PSTN Network

Abis HSDPA

MSC
SS7 Network

HLR/AuC EIR

GSM INFRASTRUCTURE

HSDPA TRX

RNC Iu

IWU

UMTS (WCDMA) Serving INFRASTRUCTURE GPRS

Border Gateway (BG)

Support Node (SGSN) GPRS backbone network (IP based)

GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE

Internet
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

InterPLMN network

Lawful Interception Gateway (LIG)

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Evolusi Wireless

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3 Kelemahan 3G

1.Bit rate maksimum masih 1/20 dari sistem 802.11n dan 802.16e/m. 2.Latency dari user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) dan prosedur penugasan resource (UMTS: >100 ms) terlalu besar untuk menangani trafik dengan variansi tinggi secara efisien 3. Kompleksitas terminal sistem WCDMA /MCCDMA sehingga menyebabkan perangkat menjadi mahal
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1G to 4G
1G

2G

3G

4G
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Characteristics of 3GPP Technologies

2G 2.5G 2.5G

3G 3.5G 3.5G 3.9G 4G

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Background of LTE: Access Network Evolution

The Driver for LTE is Data

3GPP
EDGE WDCMA HSPA LTE

2.5G

3G

3.5G

3.9G

3GPP2
CDMA 1X EV-DO DOrA LTE

But Voice and SMS: Still the leading Mobile Applications today
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Wireless Access Roadmap

High Mobility

Vehicular

$0.30 - $20/Mbytes

$0.01-$0.07/Mbytes
Multimedia Data, Location Services, Augmented Reality, Music/Video, Voice over IP, Remote Control

WiMAX 802.16e, LTE

2G
Pedestrian GSM, cdmaOne PDC

2.5G
GPRS, EDGE, CDMA2000 1X
144 kbps

3G

W-CDMA/HSPA CDMA2000 1x

Software Defined Radio Opportunity

Early 4G Systems
802.16a FBWA LTE 802.16m WiMAX 2 LTE Advanced

R4 (2.3 Mbps), R5 (14.4 Mbps) EV-DO (2.4 Mbps), EV-DV(3 Mbps) HPSDA 802.11b

3.9G 4G

54 Mbps 802.11g 802.15a UWB PAN 802.11a

Low Mobility

Portable

DECT/Cordless Phones

Bluetooth 760 Kbps

802.11b 2-11 Mbps xDSL/Cable

Smart Antennas

56K Modems

Fixed 0.01 0.1

E1/T1 Lines

1.5 20 Broadband Fixed Wireless Access T3 Lines Mbps

1.0

10

100

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& Mobile
Mobile WiMAX
802.16e-2005

Timeline
4G

Rel 1.0

802.16e Rev 2

Rel 1.5

Rel 2.0
802.16m

3GPP
3.5G
Rel-6

IP e2e Network

HSPA

Rel-7 & Rel-8

HSPA+

IMTAdvanced
3.9G 4G 4G

Circuit Switched Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

Mobile WiMAX time to market advantage

IP e2e Network
CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based

2008
14

2009

2010

2011

2012

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Evolution of TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Systems

4G

4G

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Radio Spektrum UMTS

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Core Network Architecture UMTS

TE ... Terminal Equipment MT ... Mobile Terminal UTRAN ... Access Network ERAN ... Edge Access Network SGSN ... Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN ... Gateway GPRS Support Node HSS ... Home Subscriber Server CSCF ... Call State Control Function

R-SGW ... Roaming Signalling Gateway Function MGCF ... Media Gateway Control Function MGW ... Media Gateway Function T-SGW ... Transport Signalling Gateway Function Modul 13 - 4G LTE

Arsitektur Jaringan UMTS

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W-CDMA Network

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Model Radio Access W-CDMA

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Spesifikasi W-CDMA (UMTS)

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Kanal Fisik - UMTS

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Type Kanal pada UMTS

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Definisi 4G

Generasi keempat dari standar nirkabel selular. Penerus standar 3G dan 2G. 1G : analog 2G : transmisi digital 3G : mendukung multimedia support, transmisi spread spectrum minimal 200 kbps 4G : jaringan seluruhnya berbasis packet-switched, mobile ultra-broadband access, multi-carrier transmission 4G secara standar merujuk ke IMT Advanced sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh ITU-R. LTE : Long Term Evolution adalah teknologi pre-4G dari 3GPP sering dicap sebagai 4G LTE release pertama tidak memenuhi persyaratan the IMT Advanced
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4G Mobile Broadband Systems

A variety of technology standards able to provide transmission rates beyond 3G (2 Mb/s) Advantages

Microwave and millimeter wave bands to be used mean smaller cell size (a few to 1000 meters); 5 GHz band will be first used with migration to higher carrier frequencies Coverage not continuous, necessitating mobile units to roam between different bands and standards
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Provides access to services and applications requiring these higher transmission rates Extends capacity in zones where 3G is close to saturation

Alasan Munculnya Kebutuhan LTE

Kebutuhan akan laju data yang lebih tinggi dan efisiensi spectral yang lebih baik * Demand layanan broadband yang meningkat * Mahalnya spektrum Kebutuhan sistem Packet Switched yang teroptimisasi * Evolusi ke all IP Network Kebutuhan akan QoS yang tinggi * Penggunaan licensed frequency untuk jamininan QoS * Minimum latency Kebutuhan akan infrastructure yang lebih murah * Penyederhanaan architecture dan pengurangan network element

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Theory of LTE

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About LTE/System Architercture Evolution (SAE)

Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data Need for PS optimised system Amount of data is continuously growing Need for higher data rates at lower cost Users demand better quality to accept new services High quality needs to be quaranteed > Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) needed LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.

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LTE Overview

3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years. Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with Orthogonal Frequncy Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), UL 50Mbps with Single Carrier Frequncy Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms. Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP. Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz. 200 users per cell in active state. Supports Mobile Broadband Multimedia Services. Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology. Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120350 km/h. No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN. Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH.
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LTE technical objectives

User throughput [/MHz]:

Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink

Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions (user plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)

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Mobility: Optimised for low speed but supporting 120 km/h Most data users are less mobile! Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz: Deployment possible in GSM bands.

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LTE agreements

2 main issues have been investigated: The physical layer The access network internal architecture Physical layer Downlink based on OFDMA OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc Uplink based on SC-FDMA SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices (battery power considerations) For both FDD and TDD modes (User Equipment to support both) With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA framing also Access Network consideration For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes
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LTE radio interface

New radio interface modulation: SC-FDMA UL and OFDMA DL Frequency division, TTI 1 ms Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz TDD and FDD modes UL/DL in either in same or in another frequncy OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries that can be shared between users quickly adjustable bandwith per user SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices Single carrier, time space multiplexing Tx consumes less power
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From Ericsson, H. Djuphammar

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Empat Level Jaringan LTE

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Interface X2

Interface X2 is a interface structure protocol which has been used for moblity occurs between 2 eNodeB near handover process On data process handover which is transfered through this interface X2 is specific data from user Fungction of Interface X2 are : Intra-handover mobility management Coordination of Resource status information, and traffic overload situation Setting up and Resetting of Interface X2 The handling of error cases
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E-UTRAN Node B ( eNodeB )

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Functions of eNodeB

Terminates RRC, RLC and MAC protocols and takes care of Radio Resource Management functions Controls radio bearers Controls radio admissions Controls mobility connections Allocates radio resources dynamically (scheduling) Receives measurement reports from UE Selects Mobility Management Entity (MME) at UE attachment Schedules and transmits paging messages coming from MME Schedules and transmits broadcast information coming from MME & O&M Decides measurement report configuration for mobility and scheduling Does IP header compression and encryption of user data streams
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Functions of aGateWay

Takes care of Mobility Management Entity (MME) functions Manages and stores UE context Generates temporary identities and allocates them to UEs Checks authorization Distributes paging messages to eNodeBs Takes care of security protocol Controls idle state mobility Control SAE bearers Ciphers & integrity protects NAS signaling

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Mobilty Management Entity (MME)

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Serving Gateway (S-GW)

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Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)

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Flat architecture of LTE and Service Architecture Evolution

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Evolusi lanjutan dalam standar jaringan selular yang ditentukan oleh 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). Teknologi lanjutan dari generasi 1xEV-DO. Berbeda dengan Wimax yang awalnya dikembangkan untuk komunikasi data. Roadmap evolusi teknologi selular di dunia yaitu : (1)GSM(2G)GPRS(2.5G)EDGEWCDMA(3G) HSDPA (3.5G) LTE (4G). (2) CDMA (2G)CDMA 2000EV-DO (3G)UMB (4G). (3) Wi-FiFixed WiMAXMobile WiMAXWiMAX II (4G).

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LTE,UMB,WIMAX II

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