Regulation of Heart Rate The Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Control The SA node controls HR, therefore stimuli

that influence HR act through the SA node SNS accelerates HR, PNS PNS-Parasympathetic Nervous System decelerates HR via influences on the SA node in firing rate (and fibers also conduction velocity the heart) PNS carried Vagus nerve to SA node and AVin node Postganglionic PNS fibers use neurotransmitter ACh (acetylcholine)

Changes in PNS activity can therefore cause HR to

Regulation of Heart Rate The Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Control SNS-Sympathetic Nervous System

SNS carried in Cardiac accelerator nerves to SA and AV nodes Postganglionic SNS fibers use neurotransmitter NE (norepinephrine) NE working through Beta adrenergic receptors increases the rate of spontaneous depolarization of SA node cells (increases HR)

Changes in SNS activity can therefore cause HR to or SNS also innervates the cardiac myocytes to affect the strength of the

Regulation of Heart Rate The Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Control

Regulation of Heart Rate

Factors increasing or decreasing the SA node firing rate and the conduction velocity within the heart

Increasing Sympathetic stimulation

Decreasing Parasympathetic stimulation

Circulating catecholamines (epinephrine, Ischemia/hypoxia Norepinephrine)

Regulation of Heart Rate The Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Control

Regulation of Heart Rate Why does HR have to during dynamic exercise?

VO 2 VO = CO * (C 2 a How does HR = HR * SV * (C O a Progressive2 during exercise? O C 2 in proportion to exercise intensity PNS to heart v (especially rest to exercise intensity associated with ~100 from C O bpm HR) v 2 O These responses during ) exercise are critical to support the 2 C.O. and redistribution)of C.O.
During from exercise so that recovery skeletal muscle blood flow can be enhanced and muscle can receive 2

Transitions from Rest to Exercise and Recovery

Figure 9.25 from Powers and Howley. Changes in cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate during the transition rest to

Regulation of Heart Rate Intensity of exercise and training/disease status effects HR response to exercise

rest

Workload (indexed to VO 2 )

Three questions about HR that relate to Intensity of exercise and training/disease status effects

Workload (indexed to VO 2 ) groups? Is resting HR different across Is HR at a given submaximal workload different across groups? Is HR max different across groups?

rest