Display Devices Computer Monitors

Printers Plotters Projectors Monitors

Other Displays

Display Devices
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual

or in tactile form
When the input information is supplied as an electrical signal, the display is called an electronic display

Display Devices

Printers Plotters

Projectors
Monitors
Other Displays

Segment Displays
Some displays called segment displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters. They are, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or liquid crystals. They are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators. Seven-segment display:
most common, usually digits only

Fourteen-segment display

Sixteen-segment display
HD44780 LCD controller:
a widely accepted protocol for LCDs.

2D Displays
2-dimensional displays that cover a full area (usually a rectangle) are also called video displays, since it's the main modality of presenting video. Full-area 2-dimensional displays are used in, for example: Television sets Computer monitors Head-mounted display Broadcast reference monitor Medical monitors

2D Display Technologies

Cathode ray tube display (CRT)

Electronic paper, E Ink Plasma display panel (PDP)

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

Light-emitting diode display (LED)
Organic light-emitting diode display (OLED)

Laser Display (forthcoming)

Electronic paper, E Ink

3D Displays
Swept-volume display Varifocal mirror display Emissive volume display Laser display

Holographic display
Light field displays

Further information:

Volumetric display

Stereoscopy

Stereo Displays
Anaglyph 3D

Stereo displays

Polarized 3D
Active Shutter 3D

Anaglyph 3D
Anaglyph 3D
Anaglyph 3D is the name given to the stereoscopic 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different (usually chromatically opposite) colors, typically red and cyan
And old technology and usually the 3d quality is not good, and color quality is poor Screen independent, any display can be used

Anaglyph 3D

Polarized 3D
Polarized 3D
A polarized 3D system uses polarization glasses to create the illusion of threedimensional images by restricting the light that reaches each eye

Polarized 3D

iZ3D

Active Shutter 3D
Active Shutter 3D
An active shutter 3D system (AKA: alternate frame sequencing, alternate image, AI, alternating field, field sequential or eclipse method) is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images, works by openly presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, at a speed high enough to not be perceived by human sight, thus allowing the images to be perceived as fused into a single 3D image Active shutter 3D systems generally use liquid crystal shutter glasses

Active Shutter 3D

Active vs Passive
Active 3D Glasses
Active Shutter

Passive 3D Glasses
Anaglyph
Polarized

Active vs Passive: Comparison

http://www.ebay.com/gds/Whats-the-Difference-BetweenActive-and-Passive-3D-TV-Glasses/26040/g.html

Monitors

CRT LCD OLED

Connectors
VGA

(D-sub)

Analog. Common

S-Video
Analog. SD video

DVI
Digital. HD video

HDMI
Digital. HD video and audio

DisplayPort
High/Cross Compatibility.

Latest Trend

CRT Monitors
CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

Plasma Displays
Usually used in TVs
Utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps

LCD Monitors
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
Passive Matrix
Active Matrix
o TFT LCD

TFT-LCD
TFT: Thin Film Transistor
TFT LCD Panel Types
TN: Twisted Nematic IPS: In-Plane Switching

VA:

Vertical Alignment

TN
TN: Twisted Nematic
Most common technology and also the oldest. Short response times High brightness

Less power consumption

Low cost Color shifts, especially at wider viewing angles No true color (24bit) support. Only 18bit (6bit per channel instead of 8). Therefore unable to display the 16.7 million colors
Display interpolated 24bit color using a dithering method that combines adjacent pixels to simulate the desired shade

IPS

IPS:

In-Plane Switching

Wide viewing angle

Accurate colors High cost

TN, VA, IPS

TN vs IPS vs VA
http://www.tnpanel.com/tn-vs-ips-va/

TN vs VA vs IPS
http://asia.cnet.com/lcd-types-tn-vs-va-vs-ips62213690.htm

LCD Panel Tests

Online LCD Monitor Panel Type Evaluator

http://www.mediachance.com/pbrush/monitor.html

The Lagom LCD monitor test pages

http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/

Backlight
A backlight is a form of illumination used in LCDs. As LCDs do not produce light themselves (unlike CRTs), they need illumination (ambient light or a special light source) to produce a visible image Common Light Sources
CCFL: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp LED: Light Emitting Diode

Early TFT-LCD monitors used a CCFL backlit and modern ones usually comes with a LED backlit. Therefore they are called LED monitors. Those LED monitors are LCD monitors (with LED backlight)

Backlight
CCFL vs LED
http://www.wikivs.com/wiki/CCFL_backlight_vs_LED _backlight http://www.screentekinc.com/backlight-ccfl-ledexplained.shtml CCFL
Size
Cost

LED
Thinner and Lighter
Expensive (slightly), but affordable

Thicker and Heavier

Cheaper

Power
Brightness Lifespan

Higher Power consumption & Heat generation

Lower brightness Shorter lifespan

Lower Power consumption and Heat generation

Generally higher brightness Longer lifespan

Issues with LCD monitors

Defective Pixels
Hot Pixel
o o Pixel Always On White

Dead Pixel
o Pixel Always Off

Black

Stuck Pixel
o 1 or 2 sub-pixels Always On or Off

Display inaccurate colors

Check Defective Pixels

Can be done manually changing background colors

Or using software Or Online

Online Defective Pixel Tests

http://mydeadpixeltest.com http://www.checkpixels.com
http://www.gdargaud.net/Hack/DeadPixels.html

CRT vs LCD
CRT
Best Color Quality Faster Response Time (0) True Black Multiple Frequency support Multi Sync, Multi-Resolution Lower Cost Higher Power Consumption Higher Heat generation Higher Radiation Higher Space Higher Weight o o o o
o

LCD
Not as good as CRT Response time usually >=5ms Can not display true black Poor multi-frequency support
Poor quality in non-native resolutions

o o o o o o

Higher Cost Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Power Consumption Heat generation Radiation Space Weight

http://bootstrike.com/Articles/LCDvsCRT/ http://compreviews.about.com/od/multimedia/a/CRTvsLCD.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CRT,_LCD,_Plasma,_and_OLED

OLED
OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode

An OLED is a LED in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound
An OLED display works without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a LCD. In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD

AMOLED: Active Matrix OLED

A display technology for use in mobile devices and televisions

OLED vs LCD

OLED vs LCD

Power Consumption
Important
CRT displays consume low power when displaying Black/Dark colors

LCD displays (both CCFL and LED backlit) consume low power when displaying White/Light colors OLED displays consume low power when displaying Black/Dark colors

Power Consumption
Generally, displays with a backlight need high power to display black/dark colors. Less power to display white. Backlight is always on and white is the default color. LCD have to block the white light to display other colors, and it takes some extra power. To display black, about 3% more power needed (a little more).

Displays that do not use a backlight consume least power to display black and full power to display white. In those displays, the difference is significant and it is/was encouraged to use darker backgrounds as possible
Some Few New LCD displays use some advanced technologies (such as zone control, changing the backlight brightness accordingly to the colors displayed) and they may consume little lesser power to display black.

Power Consumption
Tips
Generally, Old CRTs and Future OLEDs are better with dark colors. Currently most displays are LCD and therefore the color does not matter much. Even though Lighter colors save some power, other factors such as eye strain etc. favor darker colors. Anyway, it is always better to Reduce the Display Brightness and it ALWAYS saves power, as it does reduce the color of the backlight. Also it is good for eyes. Do not reduce brightness too much and also do not reduce the Contrast. Usually reducing contrast does nothing good. In LCD, Blank or Dark Screensavers are not power savers. But Turn off the display feature is a huge power-saver as it does turn off both Monitor and Graphic Processing
(VGA/GPU switched off)

Thank You!

Ayubowan!