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OBSERVATION SHEET
Name Index Number Experiment Group Date of Performance Instructed By : Kariapper MHMS : 100239P : Stability of a differential relay : 05 : 14-08-2013 :
1. Variation of spill current for different values of pilot wire resistance Stabilizing resistance Rs=0 Primary current I=5A Pilot resistance ( ) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spill current ( mA ) 10 24 42 54 70 78 88 102 Secondary current through CT2 ( A ) 1 1 1 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 0.9
Pilot resistance ( ) 6 7 8 9 10
Variation of primary fault current with different values of pilot resistance when the secondary terminals of one current transformer is reversed Applied voltage V=0 Stabilizing resistance Rs=0 Spill current IR = 100 mA Pilot resistance ( ) 102 74.3 55.3 35.7 13.4
Graphs :
1) Spill current Vs pilot wire resistance ( when Rs=0, Primary current 5A)
110
Spill current ( mA )
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Pilot resistance ( ) 7
8 9 10
70
60
50
Stabilizing resistance ()
40
30
20
10
0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4.1
3.52
3.45
10
0 5 6 7 8
10
11
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
Discussion:
(1) Applications of differential relay
Differential relays take a variety of forms, depending on the equipment they protect. The definition of such a relay is one that operates when the vector difference of two or more similar electrical quantities exceeds a predetermined amount. It will be seen later that almost any type of relay, when connected in a certain way, can be made to operate as a differential relay.. Most differential-relay applications are of the current-differential type. The simplest example of such an arrangement is shown. The dashed portion of the circuit of represents the system element that is protected by the differential relay. This system element might be a length of circuit, a winding of a generator, a portion of a bus, etc. A current transformer (CT) is shown in each connection to the system element. The secondaries of the CTs are interconnected, and the coil of an overcurrent relay is connected across the CT secondary circuit. This relay could be any of the a-c types that we have considered.
Large external fault may cause false operation of simple differential relay. To make the differential relay more stable to external faults and to improve relay quality, restraining coils can be inserted. Two restraining (biasing) coils and one operating coil are used. Restraining coils will oppose the operation of operating coil. The relay will operate only when the operating force is higher than restraining force.