Professional Documents
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KE E PI NG TH E M SAFE
KE E PI NG TH E M SAFE
KE E PI NG TH E M SAFE
Introduction
Keeping them Safe is the South Australian Governments bold program to reform our child protection services and systems. This document makes the case for change and charts the way forward. It is the Governments vision for the future. We must do our best by our children. Keeping them Safe is an invitation to all who share this conviction to join us in our endeavours. Parents, families, communities and governments all have an obligation to help children flourish and to connect them to opportunities. Keeping them safe from harm, in a way that is sustained and assures their well being, is the responsibility of us all. Reports of suspected child abuse and neglect have escalated dramatically over the last decade and our services and programs have struggled to cope with the demands. We wanted to know what could be done and we commissioned a Review of Child Protection by Robyn Layton QC. The Government has now considered the recommendations outlined in the Layton Report and examined other review findings. We have listenedto children and young people; to parents; to our workers and practitioners in the field; to the foster carers who share with us the important responsibility of providing care, stability and support to children under our protection; to our partners in the non-government sector and other sectors; and to those who advocate tirelessly in the best interests of childrenand we have looked at what other governments are doing interstate and overseas. The need for change is indisputable and our commitment to change unequivocal. The system that has evolved over the last ten years has, in some areas, fallen out of step. It does not always align well with current thinking on the most effective responses to protect children at risk of harm, or to assist those who are prevented by circumstance from taking up opportunities. Early intervention; a focus on the early years; approaches that consider the whole child and the family context; and joined up action across government are the critical elements for sustained success. We speak the words but dont always act according to these precepts. We want to make sure this practical and proven wisdom is consistently applied and becomes a coherent strategy that drives our reform program. Sharing information better, maintaining quality systems and enhancing the competencies of our workers who operate in a complex and demanding environment are reforms to tackle systemic issues that are barriers to progress. The protection of children and young people remains the core of our mandate. Our first duty above all others is to act with speed and resolve when there are threats to the lives and safety of children. We shall continue to investigate abuse and maltreatment rigorously and to pursue the perpetrators of crimes against children and young people. Those who harm and exploit children are judged by our courts and our community.
Despite the best efforts of individual, dedicated and hard working staff, our key agency responsible for child protection lost capacity when it was subsumed in the Department of Human Services and it lost its way. In some cases it lost the confidence of other agencies that also have child protection responsibilities. There is now a need for a fundamental culture change and a new sense of direction. We must be much more diligent in the care we provide to our children under the guardianship of the Minister, do more to support parents, foster carers and other care givers and be more outwardly focussed in building and maintaining our partnerships with other sectors and other levels of government. We have not waited to act. Already our response has been substantial and initiatives are underway. This reform program represents our third and most comprehensive child protection response. We have targeted initiatives that can be set in train quickly and which will deliver benefits,in some cases immediately, in others, reform will take longer. Not all of the structural and legislative reforms recommended in the Layton Report will be tackled in the first instance. We will continue to shape our response and actions in the light of the impact of our early reforms. The early establishment of the new Department for Families and Communities which is now in place, gives a clear focus for implementation of the State Governments child protection reform agenda. Keeping them Safe is a statement of the Governments position on child protection reform and articulates the policy choices we have made. From the evidence before us of what will work best in sustaining the well being of children and young people, now and into the future, we are defining a new direction. In making an honest appraisal of whats wrong with the system, recognising the need for change and telling it like it is, we have already taken the first steps to turn around a system that is failing many of our children and families. Child protection cannot be separated from policies that benefit children in many areas. Across the board we are injecting significant resources to match our policy commitment to the well being of children and to our vision for the prosperity of all South Australians. We also have a vision for a child protection system that is innovative; flexible and responsive to change; will stand up to the scrutiny of its constituents; and with robust, independent investigation and complaints mechanisms that give redress to individuals and from which we can learn and improve. Children, young people and families are at its centre. Innovation, debate, openness to new ideas, challenging established practices with evidence based research and setting new agendas, these are some of the qualities that made South Australia a social policy leader in the past. It is a leadership position that we intend to reclaim and our children and families will be the beneficiaries.
May 2004
young people. Neglect, abuse, and exploitation harm children and cause them to suffer. The maltreatment of children diminishes us all. The causes and situations that lead to children being at risk or harmed are often complex, multi-faceted and frequently compound over time. Understanding these dimensions is critical in determining the nature of our responses to protect children.
Research tells us that there are a number of underlying and interrelated factors that contribute to environments where children are harmed. These include:
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domestic and family violence; low income, parental unemployment, and/or limited access to the labour market; poor parenting; overcrowding, homelessness and high mobility, transience; poor schooling; mental illness; low birth weight; substance misuse; and living in a disadvantaged neighbourhood.
Context
Developments over the last decade have led to a situation in South Australia, as in other jurisdictions nationally and overseas, where the reports of suspected child abuse and neglect have increased significantly, even alarmingly, and continue to grow. There has been a 35% increase in notifications in the last 3 years. As well, many children are the subject of repeat notifications where, most commonly, neglect is the reason for the re-notification. In South Australia and Queensland, the number is as high as one in four within 12 months of the original notification. There are also other complexities. When there are children in need of protection who also have significant developmental delays, have been exposed to substance misuse or are severely emotionally disturbed, there are additional challenges in determining the best response. Indigenous children are over represented in the South Australian child protection system for reasons which go to the heart of the deprivation and social exclusion experienced by many Aboriginal Australians.
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Community expectations
The mandatory requirement under the Childrens Protection Act 1993 to notify suspected abuse or neglect has been effectively promulgated to health professionals, social workers, teachers, members of the police force and others working with children, as specified in the legislation. It continues to be supported by ongoing awareness raising and training programs across professional groups and organisations. This, together with heightened awareness and intolerance of child abuse among the general public, means an increased willingness by people to report their concerns when they see children whom they believe are not adequately cared for, or are not safe. There are also community expectations that the perpetrators of abuse will be dealt with through the justice system, with severe penalties for those found guilty of offences against children.
Tackling reported cases of child neglect through family support measures can reduce the likelihood of re-notification. A renewed focus on this aspect of our mandate is fundamental to our reforms. It is not simply about directing more resources to this approach but about honing our assessment processes, improving the competencies of our practitioners and marshalling the resources available to us in all agencies to an approach that is less incident driven and more centred on both child and family.
a sophisticated understanding of how the principles might be best applied in real situations that affect the lives of children, young people and their families. The key principles of the legislation include:
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the safety and well being of the child as paramount considerations; keeping the child within his or her family; strengthening family relationships; not withdrawing the child unnecessarily from the childs familiar environment or neighbourhood; not interrupting unnecessarily the childs education or employment; and preserving and enhancing the childs sense of racial, ethnic, religious or cultural identity. These principles, despite the every day challenges of achieving the right balance, have stood the test of time and remain our practice guide. They will continue to underpin our reform strategies. The Childrens Protection Act 1993 asks the Government in certain circumstances to become involved in the lives of particular families and children and to make significant decisions. It is a responsibility not to be taken lightly and where risks to children can be the only justification for such intrusion. Respect, valuing the worth of individuals and compassion must be our watchwords.
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enjoy good physical and mental health in a safe and healthy physical environment; get the most out of life, including play, leisure and access to recreation and sport; develop skills for adulthood; have a strong sense of self and are connected to learning, opportunity and the community; can take up their citizenship rights and make a positive contribution; and are not being prevented by disadvantage from achieving their full potential.
Initiatives in train
We are ready to make the necessary changes to the child protection system. We have not delayed and already initiatives have been implemented which impact on the improved well being of children. Some examples are:
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the Universal Home Visiting Scheme to support new-born infants and their mothers; additional workers for FAYS; priority access to services in all government agencies for those children who come under the guardianship of the Minister for Families and Communities; the Womens Safety Strategy to tackle the detrimental effects on children of violence against women; an eight point early years literacy education plan and initiatives to improve childrens literacy as a fundamental for future success; a revitalised health system that includes the establishment of a state wide service for children, young people and womens health; and social inclusion initiatives including school retention strategies which give particular attention to the needs of children in the care of the Minister, initiatives for the homeless that focus on young people and outcomes from the Drugs Summit directed at young people and others at risk of drug related harm.
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support to children and families; effective, appropriate intervention; reforming work practices and culture; collaborative partnerships; and improved accountability.
building family capacity. Equally fundamental is the consideration that children need stability and continuity in their care. The Government recognises the contribution made to parenting by relatives, step parents, foster carers, other care givers and even neighbours. The responsibilities undertaken by some children for their brothers and sisters are also important to recognise. There will be a greater focus of effort on supporting families and helping parents give their best to their children. Fathers as well as mothers have a vital role to play. Parenting is much harder when parents have difficulties to grapple with, especially in making ends meet and in looking after all family members. Mothers and fathers without family and social supports may feel isolated and under pressure not to ask for help.
The Government will make sure parents have easy access to advice and assistance when they need it. We will act on what parents have said helps them and provide practical support.
improve case planning and review processes; establish a broader range of short and longer term care options so that children are not waiting for suitable places to live; ensure that complaints processes are in place and that these are easily accessible by children and young people; ensure that special investigation processes are monitored and reviewed; ensure that every child has an individual plan to maximise their potential that encompasses learning (not only school based learning), health, play, recreation and social activities; and
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support young people leaving care and making a successful transition to adulthood beyond their eighteenth birthday, by establishing a state wide leaving care/ex care program.
training and skill development; ensuring timely and consistent childrens payments to foster carers; establishing an independent, dedicated grievance process for foster carers; and developing new and innovative models of foster care, particularly for the most difficult to place children. The Ministers annual Care Awards will acknowledge the work of outstanding foster carers.
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Intervening early
Through our early intervention strategies to sustain families we are trying to keep children out of the courts system by tackling the risk factors for abuse and neglect before they occur. We shall continue to utilise the resources of the legal system to protect children who have been harmed, or are seriously at risk, and to convict the perpetrators of abuse. Our response needs to be tailored to individual children, young people and their families. The key to success is to intervene early, when children are beginning to experience difficulty, share the warning signs, collaborate and take action before the problems become entrenched. There is now a body of evidence that clearly supports early intervention strategies and working with children and their families in the early years as the most successful ways to improve childrens life choices, safety and well being. Targeting the known risk factors at critical stages and deploying a range of approaches is necessary for effective family capacity building strategies as children and young people develop. For example, times of family breakdown or disruption, or the middle years of schooling for young people going through adolescence can put children and young people at risk and lead to them becoming disconnected from opportunities. Multi-faceted approaches need to be implemented across disciplines and agencies, with lead professionals ensuring continuity and accountability when children and young people are in specialist programs in different agencies.
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experiences will be clarified and streamlined. The response capacity of the Child Abuse Report Line to answer calls made about childrens care and safety will be improved. We are responsive to concerns about the difficulty of finding culturally appropriate care arrangements for the number of placements needed for Aboriginal children. In regard to guardianship orders we will improve our application of the Aboriginal Placement Principle to enhance Aboriginal childrens connection with culture and community. We are reviewing the role and function of Yaitya Tirramongkotti, the team in the Crisis Response and Child Abuse Service that facilitates culturally appropriate services to Aboriginal families, children and young people.
Lead agency
Our vision is to transform and rebuild FAYS from an agency of last resort to a dynamic and skilled service that sustains families; works collaboratively and productively with its partners in providing services to children and families; and connects positively with the community. To signal our changed approaches and commitment to reinvigorating our service and culture, we will establish a new division within the Department for Families and Communities. The division is to be created through a reorientation of the existing FAYS and to be rebadged as Children, Youth and Family Services. It will be the lead agency driving the Keeping them Safe reform agenda with new energy and a new professionalism. We will pursue discussions with the tertiary education sector on recruiting more people into the social work profession. We shall also collaborate on ways to give greater attention to child protection in undergraduate courses for teachers, social workers and other professionals who study and train in areas that involve working with children and young people. We want to ensure that those who are in the frontline of child protection have a sound theoretical understanding to inform their practice decisions. In this way we can sustain a professional workforce across the relevant disciplines for the longer term.
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processes. Forums with the LGA will be used to explore the contribution the local government sector can make to our joint efforts. Volunteers contribute significantly to the care and protection of children in many settings and activities. We acknowledge the importance to our work of the skills, generosity and commitment of volunteers and we shall continue to recognise their role in our reform initiatives.
forge strong and accountable links between services, portfolios and sectors; continue to develop and implement robust case management models and quality processes in collaboration with other providers; and ensure a full canvassing of options with all relevant agencies and individuals is inherent in our assessment processes and at the critical points in case management.
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Sharing information
We want to remove barriers to information exchange (such as misconceptions about legal constraints) and share information better to achieve better integration of services. Confidentiality provisions will not be tolerated as an excuse for agencies refusing to share information in situations where children are at risk and need protection. We will make better use of information and communications technology to draw on common data for improved planning for the well being of children and families, and responsive case management. We will build our knowledge base about what works best to keep children safe and realise their full potential. Child protection should not be seen in isolation. The well being and protection of children is inherent in a range of government programs and activities. The Universal Home Visiting Scheme is a good example of this and the links to child protection strategies need to continue to be made. Schools, teachers and early childhood services are keys to mobilising successful and early interventions to support children and families. We will use schools as community hubs for the delivery of services and support. More specialist workers are being placed in schools and multi-disciplinary teams will be mobilised for early intervention strategies in the early years. Pre-schools and schools are where children spend much of their time and where parents, professionals and children come together. The opportunity to make a positive impact when children are beginning to disconnect from learning will be increased if the right resources and appropriate expertise are available in these environments.
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the findings and draw on this information to assist us in developing further strategies to prevent death and injury to children through neglect and abuse. We will also examine, in collaboration with the relevant groups, how we might rationalise and streamline our advisory bodies. Again this will give improved clarity and purpose to roles and responsibilities. We need to have quality systems and processes in place and data that is reliable and up-todate to guide policy formulation, service improvement and innovation. Quality information improves decision making and our capacity to meet accountability obligations. With our partners we will work to agreed, defined goals and targets, measure performance and be open and transparent in our reporting. We are continuing to improve our processes and protocols for checking and screening professionals, workers, care givers and volunteers who work with children. We must remain connected to the community so that we are responsive to their expectations and continue to deliver on our promise of change.
Enquiries to:
Child Protection Planning Department for Families and Communities Telephone 08] 8124 4096 Copies available from www.ministers.sa.gov.au [Minister for Families and Communities]