Red Cross

➢ Started from a Swiss named Henry Dunant

Red Crescent
➢ Formed from the Russian-Turkish war
Henry Durant
➢ Wrote a book called “A Memory of Solferino” which was published in 1862
➢ The father of “Red Cross”

7 PRINCIPLES OF RED CROSS:

1. Humanity
2. Impartiality
3. Neutrality
4. Independence
5. Voluntary Service
6. Unity
7. Universality

6 SERVICES OF RED CROSS:

1. Disaster Management Service
2. Social Service
3. Community Health and Nursing Service
➢ Include the Red Cross Youth
4. Safety Service
5. National Blood Service
6. Volunteer Service

First Aid
➢ An immediate care given to a person who has been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It is also called “pre-hospital”

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

1. Bridge the gap between the victim and the physician
2. Ensure the safety of the victim and of the bystanders
3. Gain access to the victim
4. Determine any threat to the patient’s life
5. Summon more advanced medical care as needed
6. Provide needed care for the patient
7. Assist more advanced personnel
8. Record all findings and care given to the patient

OBJECTIVES:
 ➢ To alleviate suffering
➢ To prevent added/further injury or danger
➢ To prolong life

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER:

1. Gentle
➢ Should not cause pain
2. Resourceful
➢ Should make the best use with things at hand
3. Observant
➢ Should notice all signs
4. Tactful
➢ Should not alarm the victim
5. Empathetic
➢ Should be comforting
6. Respectable
➢ Should maintain a professional and caring attitude

TRANSMITION OF DIEASES AND THE FIRST AIDER:

1. Direct contact
2. Indirect contact
3. Airborne
4. Vector (from bite, sting, syringe, etc.)

BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES:

➢ Personal Hygiene
➢ Protective Equipment
➢ Equipment cleansing and disinfecting

FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES:

1. Basic Equipment
➢ Spine board
➢ Short board
➢ Extraction device
➢ Splinters or sets
➢ Poles
➢ Blankets
2. Suggested First Aid Kit
➢ Rubbing alcohol
➢ Cotton
➢ Gauge pads
 ➢ Tongue depressor
➢ Penlight
➢ Band aid
➢ Gloves
➢ Scissors
➢ Forceps
➢ Bandage (triangular)
➢ Elastic roller bandage
➢ Occlusive dressing
➢ Plaster

Wounds
➢ A break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external

2 TYPES OF WOUNDS:
1. Close wound
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
➢ Pain
➢ Swelling
➢ Discoloration
➢ Hematoma
➢ Uncontrolled restlessness
➢ Symptoms of shock
➢ Vomiting or coughing-up blood
➢ Passages of blood in the urine or feces
➢ Sign of blood along mouth, nose and ear canal
• FIRST AID MANAGEMENT:
Ice application
Compression
Elevation
Splinting
2. Open Wound
➢ A break in the skin or mucus membrane or the protective skin layer is
damage
• DANGERS:
➢ Hemorrhage
➢ Infection
➢ Shock
• KINDS OF BLEEDING:
➢ Arterial Bleeding
➢ Venous
 ➢ Capillary
• FIRST AID MANAGEMENT:
Control bleeding
Cover the wound with dressing and secure with a bandage
Care for shock
Consult or refer to physician

CAUSES CHARACTERISTICS

PUNCTURE Penetrating pointed Deep narrow, serious or slight

instruments (e.g. nail, ice bleeding
picks, daggers, etc.)

INCISION Sharp bladed instruments Clean cut, deep severe

(e.g. blades, razors, etc.) bleeding, wound clean

AVULSION Explosion, animal bites, Tissue forcefully separated

mishandling of tools from the body

LACERATION Blunt instruments (e.g. Torn with irregular edges,

rock, broker, glass, etc.) serious or slight bleeding

ABRASION Scrapping and rubbing

against rough surfaces

HOME CARE (WOUND WITH NOT SEVERE BLEEDING):

1. Clean the wound with soap and water
2. Apply mild antiseptics
3. Cover the wound with dressing and bandage

Burns
➢ An injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves, blood
vessels which result from heat chemicals, electricity, solar or other forms of
radiation
• CAUSES:
1. Carelessness with match or cigarette smoking
2. Scald from hot liquid
3. Defective heating, cooking and electrical equipment
4. Immersion in overheated bath water
5. Use of such chemicals, strong acids, and strong detergents (e.g.
lye)
FACTORS DETERMINING THE SERIOUSNESS OF BURNS:
1. Depth
➢ Superficial/ First degree burns (e.g. sunburn)
➢ Partial-thickness/ Second degree burns – formation of blisters
➢ Full thickness/ Third degree burns – affects muscles and bones
2. The extent to the affected body surface area
➢ Head and neck 9%
➢ Posterior trunk 10 %
➢ Anterior trunk 18 %
➢ Each upper extremity 9%
➢ External genitalia 9%
➢ Each lower extremity 18%
3. Location of burns
4. Victim’s age and medical condition

KINDS OF BURNS:

1) Thermal burns
➢ A flash or an explosion of steams or hot liquid are common causes
CARE:
• For first and second degree burns
1. Immerse in cold water to reduce burned skin’s temperature
2. Cover the burn with a dry non-sticking sterile dressing or cloth
• Third degree burns
1. Apply burn ointment
2. Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing or cloth
2) Chemical Burns
➢ Cause tissue destruction until the chemical agent is removed
CARE:
• Immediately remove the chemical by flushing with water
• Remove victim’s contaminated clothing
• Flush for 20 minutes or longer and let the victim wash with mild soap
before final rinse
• Cover burned area with a dry dressing
3) Electric Burns

Poison
➢ Any substance that tend to impair health or cause death when
introduced into the body or into the skin surface
CAUSES:
➢ Common in suicide attempts
➢ Occasional accidental poisoning
WAYS:
1. Ingestion/ Food poisoning
➢ introduced into the digestive tract through the mouth
2. Inhalation
➢ through the nose
3. Injection
➢ e.g. animal bites
4. Absorption
➢ skin contacts

COMMON HOUSEHOLD POISON:

• Sleeping pills
• Pain relievers
• Insect and rodent poison
• Kerosene
• Alcohol
• Lye and acids (including Boric acid)
• Poisonous plants
• Contaminated water
• Fume

Suspect food poisoning if:

1. The victim ate food that didn’t taste right or that may have been old,
improperly prepared, contaminated, left at room temperature for a long
time or processed with excessive amounts of chemicals
2. Several people who ate together became ill

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

• Altered mental status
• History of ingesting poison
• Burns around the mouth
• Odd breathing odors
• Nausea, vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
Instances when vomiting should not be induced:
• If unresponsive
• Cannot maintain an airway
• Has ingested and acid, a corrosive or a petroleum product
• Has medical condition that could be complicated by vomiting

FIRST AID FOR FOOD POISONING: