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The use of transformer oil act as a cooling medium act as a dielectric media isolate winding from the atmosphere quench the arc Possible contamination in transformer oil Solid particle like dust and fiber Absorption of Air Moisture content Absorption of Gases Sludge formation Acidity in oil
The Electrical effects of contamination in oil Low dielectric strength. Low resistivity. Increase in Tan delta value. The vacuum dehydrated oil purification system (VDOPS) This machine is used for transformer oil filtration. Free, emulsified and dissolved water and gaseous contamination can be removed by this machine. A high performance VDOPS removes 100% of free and emulsified water, air and gases. 90% of dissolved water, air and gases. Up to 5-10 ppm water content in oil
Vacuum pump
Mechanical booster
Vacuum chamber
outlet pump
Fine filter
Oil outlet
System Principle Boiling point of the water is dependent on the pressure. Normally, at atmospheric pressure ( 1atm) the boiling point of water is 100 C. Boiling point of the oil is around 250 C at 1 atm. When the surrounding pressure is low the boiling point is also reduced for a liquid. When oil is exposed to vacuum even at low temperature( around 150 F), the water molecular and other dissolved gases reach its boiling point and are boiled off effectively since the boiling point of the oil is very high.
Finding boiling point The equation used to find out the boiling point is
T(p)= T0/[1+T0*ln(P0/P)/(L/K0)] T(p) - boiling point in Kelvin T0 - boiling point in Kelvin at the pressure P0 L - Latent heat of vaporization/ molecule K0 - Boltzmans constant = 1.4 x 10-23 J/K
The following table shows the boiling point of Nytro Libra X at different pressure from vendor data
Pressure ( ATM) 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 5.0 10 50 Temperature ( Celsius) 40 68 102 146 207 294 382 437 593
So the boiling point of Nytro Libra X at 5 torr is 102 < T < 146 Celsius And also the boiling point at 1 torr is 102 < T < 146 Celsius
Transformer oil filtration Transformer oil filtration is done through three main steps 1. Vacuum the transformer 2. oil filling to transformer 3. oil circulation When shipping the transformers are filled partially with oil. So there is a need of oil filling for new transformers. Before filling the oil the transformer need to be vacuum. After filling the oil to required level, the total amount of oil must be circulated 2 or 3 times through oil filtration machine
Vacuum the transformer Close the valves V3, V7, V10 Open the valves V4, V5, V8, V9 Start the vacuum pump The degree of vacuum and the vacuum holding time should satisfy the following table Vacuuming of transformer can be done by oil purification machines vacuum pump other than external vacuum pump
RATED VOLTAGE ( k V) Below 80 Below 140 Below 200 Below 500 BEFORE OIL FILLING Degree of Vacuum < 5 Torr < 2 Torr <2 Torr < 1 Torr Vacuum Hold Time > 2 Hrs > 7 Hrs > 12 Hrs > 24 Hrs
Oil Circulation
Oil Circulation
Open valves V3 and V7 Circulate the oil in tank at 60- 70 Celsius not less than 2 cycles Close the valves V3 and V7 Slightly open Breather pipe flange P1 Connect the nitrogen tank at valve V10 and inject the nitrogen at the pressure of 0.2 bar until the oil spurt from P1 Close P1. Remove nitrogen tank and make the degree of pressure of conservative tank 0 psi. Connect the silica jell breather
STANDARDS USED
Rated voltage/ kV
Below 80 Below 140 Below 200 Below 500
ASTM
> 35 kV > 35 kV > 35 kV > 35 kV
Elapse time
> 12 HRS > 24 HRS > 36 HRS > 48 HRS
1. After oil filtration, the oil must satisfy these values 2. Elapse time: after oil filtration the transformer must not be energized before elapse time.
END