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TYPE 2 PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURE FOR A CENTRIFUGAL GAS COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR TYPE 08MV8B SDDH ORDERNR: LC1379
Description: 1 Rev. Added client comments First issue Alterations 2004-03-23 2004-02-05 Date HKL HKL By GH GH Check Auth.
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CONTENTS NOTATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 INDICES ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 6 SPECIFIED OPERATING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................ 6 CONDITIONS OF TEST .............................................................................................................................. 6 CALCULATIONS TEST / SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS. ....................................... 7 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND USED INSTRUMENTS............................................................. 9 COMPUTATION OF RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 10 TEST RUNS.................................................................................................................................................. 11 USED FORMULA........................................................................................................................................ 12 MEASURING TOLERANCES .................................................................................................................. 21
Literature
[10]
ANSI/ASME Power Test Code 10-1997 ISO 5167 Measurement of fluid flow by means of orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full. API Standard 617. Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Service. sixth Edition, Feb 1995. Thermodynamic properties in S.I., Department of Mech. Engineering, Stanford University by W.C. Reynolds. The polytropic analysis of centrifugal compressors, by John M. Schultz. Equation of State BWRS Fluid Thermodynamic properties for light Petroleum systems. K.E. Starling. Thermodynamic properties of R134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) M.L. Huber and Mark O. Linden, Thermophysics Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder C) 80303-3328 U.S.A. Equations of State Exactly Representing the phase Behaviour of pure substances. E. Bender, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany. VDI 2045 part 1, Acceptance and Performance Tests on Turbo Compressors and Displacement Compressors. Appendix: ICAAMC Correction method for the influence of Reynolds Number on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressors. BPBP Berliner Prozess Berechnungs Paket, Techische Universitat Berlin,1988. Prof. H. Knapp.
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NOTATIONS
Symbol bi C c cp cv ck do Do Dimp Di Dd dp dt f Fa g H k ln m M Mm N np ns Description Tip width first impeller Coefficient of discharge Specific heat Specific heat at constant pressure Specific heat at constant volume Derived inverse sp. heat at const. pressure Throat diameter orifice Flow measuring pipe diameter Diameter first impeller Measuring station at inlet Measuring station at discharge Differential pressure Differential temperature Polytropic head factor Thermal expansion coeff. at orifice Acceleration due to gravity Head; Enthalpy Ratio specific heats cp/cv of a real gas Naperian (natural) logarithm Pol. exp. for a path on the p-t diagram Molecular weight Machine Mach number Speed Pol. exp. for a path on the p-v diagram Isentr. exp. for a path on the p-v diagram SI Units m kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K kg. C/kJ m m m m m bara C m/s2 kJ/kg kg/kmol rpm -
k c p / cv ns = = Y Y
p P Pm Pr Pse qv qm R Ra Rem rp s Sc t Pressure Power Total mech. losses (equivalent) Ext. heat losses from casing & adjoining piping Seal losses Volume flow rate Mass flow rate Gas constant Absolute gas constant Machine Reynolds number Pressure ratio Entropy Enveloped area compressor casing Temperature bara kW kW kW kW m3/s kg/s J/kg.K J/kmol.K kJ/kg. C m2 C
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Symbol T u U V v X Y Z r
Description Absolute temperature Internal energy Blade tip speed Velocity Specific volume Compr. function of compressor process Compr. function of compressor process Compr. factor Flow coefficient orifice Heat radiation factor Diameter ratio flowmeter Expansion factor flowmeter Linear expansion coefficient Efficiency Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Specific density Measuring tolerance Volume flow coefficient
SI Units K J/kg m/sec m/s m3/kg W/(m2. C) m/(mK) Ns/m2 m2/s kg/m3 -
q v ,i
2 Dimp u
Head coefficient
Hp u2 / 2
INDICES
Indices a abs b be c co D dyn g ge imp m Me o oil p r s se sp st t
Description:
Description Ambient Absolute Atmospheric Bearing Compressor-housing Coupling Pipe diameter Dynamic Gas Gearbox Impeller Mass Mechanical Orifice Oil Polytropic Radiation Isentropic Seal Specified Static Test
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Indices tot u v i d
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GENERAL INFORMATION
A type -2- aerodynamic performance test will be conducted on a gas compressor for the Salman Oil Field. The test will be performed at the Siemens Demag Delaval Testbed in Hengelo, according PTC-10, 1997 [1]. The compressor is equipped with a 8-stage bundle, type 08MV8B At site the compressor will be driven by a Alstom Cyclone Gasturbine through a BHS gearbox Overall test program: Order LC1379 LC1380 Description Main rotor Spare rotor Mechanical running test x x
1)
Bearing inspection x x
This document describes the type-2 performance test of the spare rotor.
CONDITIONS OF TEST
The performance curve of the compressor will be determined by a test classified as type-2 acc. ASME PTC-10, 1997 and fully in accordance with the contract specifications including API 617, 6th edition, February 1995. [3] The test will be carried out in a closed loop arrangement with test gas mixture of 85% CO2 and 15% R134a. Some relevant properties of the testgas: Description Critical pressure Critical temperature Mol. weight Units bara K Kmol/kg CO2 73.8 304.2 44.01 R134a 40.56 374.18 102.03 Mixture 64.1 314.4 52.71
The calculations of the test results measured with the test gas mixture will be done with the equations, given in literature [6].
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4 4.1
Type-2 tests are conducted subject to the limits of Table 3.2 of PTC10.[1] The calculated values of the test and specified parameters in the next sections are given on pages 25 thru 28.
4.1.1.
n p.sp. =
p 1n d pi
z xT p 1n i i + 1n d z d xTd pi
nt =
At a test/specified speed ratio, the pressure ratio rp.t at test conditions can be derived from:
n 1 n f Z i.t Ti.t M sp rp.t n 1 Re mcorr n 1 t t n 1 n f Z i.sp Ti.sp M t rp.sp n 1 n 1 sp sp 1/ 2
1/ 2
W p ,t Re mcorr Nt = 1/ 2 N sp W p , sp
1/ 2
acc. PTC-10; Eq.no. 5.3.1/2/3 The volume ratio over the compressor at test and specified conditions becomes now:
$%&
rp
1 n
# " !
t
= r
$%&
# 1 n p " !
sp
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Mm =
012
k i 8314.34 T Yi M
) 1/ 2 i ' (
Dimp N
012
k z 8314.34 Ti ' 60 i i ( Yi M
) 1/ 2
4.1.3
Re m =
4.1.4.
= i
.Dimp .N
60 4
qm
= D
2 imp
qm 60 4 . 2 3 i N Dimp
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5.1
Mass flow
The mass flow of the compressor will be measured by means of a concentric square edge orifice according ISO 5167 [2].
5.2
5.3
Power at coupling
The gas power at test is calculated from the mass flow and the temperature rise of the gas. The mechanical losses of the compressor will be calculated from the measured values of the temperature rise of the oil and the amount of oil.
5.4
Speed
The speed signal is taken directly from the shaft keyphasor and the output of the speed monitor is fed into the data logging system.
5.5
Calibration
Instruments will be calibrated with standards traceable to international standards. Updated certified instrument calibration sheets will be available prior to actual testing.
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6
6.1
COMPUTATION OF RESULTS
The suction volume of the compressor is calculated from the mass flow and the density of the gas at the suction. The density at the inlet is calculated with the aid of the total inlet pressure and temperature. The suction volume (capacity) varies directly with the speed for conversion to specified speed. Reynolds correction on head and efficiency will be applied acc. the correction method for the influence of Reynolds Number on the performance of a compressor between test and specified conditions, acc PTC10,1997 para. 5.6.3.
Flow
q v.sp = q v.t
N sp Nt
[m3/hr]
6.2
The polytropic head at the test will be calculated from inlet- and discharge conditions, and converted to a work-input coefficient. The polytropic head varies with the square of the speed for conversion to specified speed.
Head
H p.sp = H p.t
[kJ/kg]
678
N sp Nt
4
5 2 3
Rem corr
6.3
Efficiency
The gas efficiency on a polytropic basis will be used to calculate the gas power at specified conditions with capacity and polytropic head.
P( gas.sp ) = B
BCD
q m.sp H p.sp
A 9 @ 9
p.sp
[kW]
For the shaft power, at the coupling of the compressor, mechanical losses have to be added. The mechanical losses vary with the speed to the power 2.5.
E
P( mech.sp ) = P( mech.t ) FG
6.5 Expected error of measurements
N sp Nt
H 2.5 IQP
[kW]
The accuracy of the direct measurement magnitudes will be: Pressure : 0.3 % Abs. temperature : 0.35 C (premium-grade thermocouple, type J calibrated condition) Speed : 0.1 % Test gas analysis : 0.25 % (molweight) The accuracy of the specified characteristics at guarantee point will be:(for details see page 26&28)
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TEST RUNS
The loop will be evaporized and filled with the test gas. Operating conditions of all points to be measured are given in the table below.
Specified speed Test speed Test inlet Press. Test inlet temperature Test discharge Press. Power
9800
=
70%
70%
6900 2 35 4
6900 6.5 35 18
bara
kW
250
500
550
350
600
700
On the 99.4% speedline 5 measuring points will be taken; maximum flow, between maximum flow and guaranteed operating point, guaranteed operating point, between guaranteed operating point and surge, surge. On the 70% & 105% speedline 3 measuring points will be taken; maximum flow, between maximum flow and surge, and surge. Two or more trials will be made to detect surge at all speedlines of 105% ; 99.4% and 70%. A test point to indicate the minimum stable capacity shall be set as close to the surge as possible. The reliability of the determination shall be demonstrated by repeating the setting. During the stabilising interval for each test point the temperature rise and its drift can be shown on the computer screen. The time necessary for stabilising depends on the size of the machine and on the temperature. The data for the test point are gathered with 60 scans equally spread over 5 minutes i.e. one scan every 5 seconds. The duration of one scan is approx. 1 sec. (with one scan all data are gathered). The allowable temperature drift over 10 minutes is 5% of the temperature rise of the gas over the compressor.
7.2
Report
Aerodynamic performance: The report will comprise the following information: - Summary and conclusions on front page - Signed measuring point data - Hand calculation of the design point. - Converted Performance test curves showing 70%, 99.4% and 105% speed and surgeline.
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8 8.1
8.1.1.
USED FORMULA
Equation of state [4]
TESTCONDITIONS
Barometric pressure
N/m2
p b = ( measured )
8.1.2.
p o.st = ( measured )
8.1.3. Diameter ratio orifice throat and measuring pipe
do Do
Expansion factor orifice (acc. ISO 5167 )
8.1.4.
= 1 (0.41 + 0.35 4 )
dp o n s.o p o.st
o =
kg/m3
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8.1.6.
Fa = 1 + o (t o.t 20)
8.1.7.
C = 0.5959 + 0.0312
2.1
0.1840 + 0.0029
8
2.5 UVW
10 6 S R Re D
0.75
where:
L1 = L'2 = 0
and:
X ` ` ` a c c c
qm.t
Y
Re D =
V Do = vo
2 b Do
Do
o o
Startvalue of ReD = 1.0 x 106 ReD to be determined with the calculated value of qm.t. If the deviation between the assumed and the calculated value of ReD is less than 0.05%, the value of qm.t and ReD will be fixed.
8.1.8.
qm . t =
[1 ]
4 1/ 2
Fa
d o2 (2 dpo o )
1/ 2
kg/s
8.1.9.
pi.st = (measured )
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i =
pi.st M 8314.34 Ti z i
kg/m3
K C
q v .i =
q m.t
m3/s
q m .t = q v .i i
8.1.13. Dynamic inlet pressure (acc. PTC-10 5.4.4)
i g f 2 d
kg/s
pi.dyn =
g q v.i d 1 i g d 2 gh Di2 e d 4
N/m2
p d .st = (measured )
N/m2
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d =
p d .st M 8314.34 Td z d
kg/m3
p d .dyn =
s 1 d s 2 ts
q m .t
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
rp = p d .tot / p i.tot
8.1.20. Isentropic exponent
N/m2
ns =
In d .s i
Inrp
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kJ/kg
s =
H d .s H i H d Hi
8.1.22a. External radial heat losses: Radiation and Convection (acc. PTC-10 [ 5.4.16])
Pr = S c [t c t a ] r
Sc = 10.4 r = 0.14
kW m2 KW/(m .K.S)
2
s ( corr ) =
1 1
pr q m.t ( H d H i )
f =
H d .s H i ns [ p d .tot v d .s pi.tot vi ] ns 1
n=
Inrp In
d i
Polytropic head (acc. PTC-10, [5.3.3])
8.25.
H p.t
y n = f ( rp ) n 1
n 1 n
1w pi.tot vi
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kJ/kg
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p.t =
H p.t H d .s H i
s (cor )
Qm.t = oil dt oil qv.oil oil oil = 2.0 oil = 800 q v.oil = volume of oil flow (measured) dt oil = temperature rise oil (measured)
Seals: Power loss of seals will be taken from manufacturer data.
Pg .t =
q m.t H p.t
kW
Re m =
Di N bi
60 v
Mm =
60[ns.i R z i Ti ]
Di N
1/ 2
t
8.1.31. Volume ratio of flow over the compressor (acc. PTC-10, [5.5.5])
[q v.i / qv.d ] t = [r ]
1 n p
t
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8.2
SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
8.2.1.
qv.sp = qv.t
8.2.2.
N sp Nt
Re q
m3/hr
p . sp = p .t Re
8.2.3. Specified polytropic head
H p.sp = H p.t
ghi
N sp Nt
e
f 2 d
ReH
kJ/kg
The factors cp.d and ck.d have been calculated with the aid of the compressor design data bank using the real gas equations for the given design gas.
c p.d
1 j =m kj p dt
mno u s
Hp
kJ/KG.C
d
c k .d
p log d dt s pi =s Td s t H p log Ti
q
r p p p p
kgC/KJ
d
Where
dt = Td .d Ti.d
Specified temperature difference
8.2.4.
dt sp =
1 c p.sp
H p.sp
p.sp
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8.2.5.
rp.sp
p v = d w = 10 pi
= c k .sp H p.sp log Ti .sp + dt sp Ti .sp 1 dt sp
where:
log[Td / Ti ] sp
8.2.6.
Td .sp = dt sp + Ti.sp
8.2.8. Specified mass flow
kg/s
i.sp =
kg/m3
8.2.9.
Pg .sp =
q m.sp H p.sp
p.sp
kW
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Pm.sp =
N sp Nt
2.5
Pm.t
kW
kW
Re m sp =
Di N sp bi
60 v sp
Mm sp =
Di N sp
1/ 2
where
n si .sp
c p / c v k = i = Yi sp Yi sp
nsp =
ln rp
Z p d Ti ln i Z d pi Td sp
[ ]
1 n sp
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9
9.1
MEASURING TOLERANCES
Tolerance on mass rate of flow.
For the calculated values see attached figure 4. a) Uncertainty of discharge coefficient C (ISO 5167- 8.3.3.1)
= 4
dpo po
d .o = 0(measured value )
e) Tolerance of differential pressure orifice plate
dp.o = 0.3
where dpo = uncertainty differential pressure transducer f) Tolerance of specific inlet density
= f ( pi ; Ti ; R )
i
pi = 0.3
% C %
ti = 0.35 Ti =
0.35 100 Ti
%
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qm = c2 + 2 +
2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 D + d + dp .o .o + 4 4 4 4 1 1
4
1/ 2
str . = 0.5
Tolerance on mass rate of flow
qm = qm + str
%
9.2
2 2 ] qv = [ qm + N
9.3
Hp =
n Z i . R.Ti ( p d v d p i vi ) n 1
1/ 2
Hp =
p d pi
RTi
2 2 2 2 H = [ pd pi + i + R + Ti ]
P
pi = 0.3
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i = f ( pi ; Ti ; R )
e) Tolerance on suction temperature
Ti =
0.35 100 Ti
d = f ( pd ; Td ; R ) pd = 0.3
Td =
0.35 100 Td
9.4
p = { qm ; (H d H i )} = { qm ; c p (t d t )}
c = 1.0
p
(gas mixture),
c = 0.3
p
(pure gas)
td ti =
9.5
N = 0.1
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TEST SETUP
Item T11 P11 T12 P12 T13 P13 PD13 T21 P21 T22 P22 T23 P23 PD23
Description Suction temperature section 1 Suction pressure section 1 Discharge temperature section 1 Discharge pressure section 1 Temperature before flow orifice section 1 Pressure before flow orifice section 1 Differential pressure over flow orifice section 1 Suction temperature section 2 Suction pressure section 2 Discharge temperature section 2 Discharge pressure section 2 Temperature before flow orifice section 2 Pressure before flow orifice section 2 Differential pressure over flow orifice section 2
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TESTDATA SECTION 1
TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE TEST Salman Orderno: Type: Contractor: Section Operation Description Units Specified Case of operation Rated Customer: Gas Composition Moleculair Weight Gas Isentropic exponent Polytropic exponent Rate of inlet volume flow Mass rate of flow Inlet pressure Inlet temperature Inlet compressibility factor Inlet density Discharge pressure Discharge temperature Discharge compressibility factor Discharge density Speed Speed ratio Polytropic head Polytropic efficiency Gaspower Pressure ratio Specific volume ratio Machine Machnumber Machine Reynoldsnumber Flowcoefficient Dyn.viscosity Specific heat factor at p=const. Diameter first impeller Exit tip width first impeller Compressibility function [5] Compressibility function [5] Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Qv Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Hpol Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Ethapol.t
Description:
MW
kg/kmol
52.712 1.236 1.28 4516 18803 2 35 0.988 4.16 7.27 137.80 0.985 11.379 9800 0.70 71.82 78.2 484 3.63 2.733 0.798 1.035E+06 4.610E-01 1.560E-05 936.1 377 15.4 0.052 1.0119
ns np qv1 m pi ti zi pd td zd d
6414 77707 12.3 54 0.96 12.10 43 151.00 0.95 32.96 13919 144.60 78.2 3991.3 3.50 2.722 0.793 4.265E+06
/ d H
Pgas
rp = pd / pi r v = vi / vd
Mm Rem
i cpmean Di bi
(X1+X2)/2 (Y1+Y2)/2
kg/(s.m) J/(kg. C) mm mm
4.610E-01 1.200E-05
-
% % %
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Description Specific volume ratio Machine Mach number ratio Machine Reynolds number ratio Flowcoefficient ratio rv.t / rv.sp
Mm.t - Mm.sp Rem.t/Rem.sp
Units
t /sp
0.96<--->1.04
MEASURING TOLERANCES FOR PERFORMANCE TEST Salman Customer: Orderno: LC1379 Type: 08MV8B Contractor: Stage: 1 Operation Description Units Tolerance +/-
Unit
Inlet/discharge pressure Inlet/discharge temperature Upstream pressure orifice Differential pressure orifice Orifice temperature Section 1: Rate of mass flow Rate of inlet volume flow Polytropic Head Power
p t p dp t
% C % % C
m qv1 H P
% % % %
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TESTDATA SECTION 2
TEST DATA FOR PERFORMANCE TEST Salman Orderno: Type: Contractor: Section Operation Description Units Specified Case of operation Rated Customer: Gas Composition Moleculair Weight Gas Isentropic exponent Polytropic exponent Rate of inlet volume flow Mass rate of flow Inlet pressure Inlet temperature Inlet compressibility factor Inlet density Discharge pressure Discharge temperature Discharge compressibility factor Discharge density Speed Speed ratio Polytropic head Polytropic efficiency Gaspower Pressure ratio Specific volume ratio Machine Machnumber Machine Reynoldsnumber Flowcoefficient Dyn.viscosity Specific heat factor at p=const. Diameter first impeller Exit tip width first impeller Compressibility function [5] Compressibility function [5] Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Qv Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Hpol Reyn.corr.factorPTC-10 on Ethapol.t
Description:
MW
kg/kmol
52.712 1.266 1.40 1199.00 16684 6.5 35 0.961 13.92 24.48 173.43 0.966 35.97 9800 0.70 75.32 60.7 580 3.77 2.585 0.87 1.685E+06 1.220E-01 1.528E-05 985.6 404 7 0.155 1.0372
ns np qv1 m pi ti zi pd td zd d
1703 74075 40.5 58.5 0.87 43.49 153.7 181.00 0.94 111.55 13919 149.30 60.7 5061 3.80 2.575 0.877 7.469E+06
/ d H
Pgas
rp = pd / pi rv = vi / vd
Mm Rem
i cpmean Di bi
(X1+X2)/2 (Y1+Y2)/2
kg/(s.m) J/(kg. C) mm mm
1.220E-01 1.200E-05
-
% % %
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Description Specific volume ratio Machine Mach number ratio Machine Reynolds number ratio Flowcoefficient ratio rv.t / rv.sp
Mm.t - Mm.sp Rem.t/Rem.sp
Units
t /sp
0.96<--->1.04
MEASURING TOLERANCES FOR PERFORMANCE TEST Customer: Salman Orderno: LC1379 Type: 08MV8B Contractor: Stage: 2 Operation Description Units Tolerance +/-
Unit
Inlet/discharge pressure Inlet/discharge temperature Upstream pressure orifice Differential pressure orifice Orifice temperature Section 2: Rate of mass flow Rate of inlet volume flow Polytropic Head Power
p t p dp t
% C % % C
m qv1 H P
% % % %
Description:
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