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APPENDIX 4: TERMS FOR THE EVIL ONE

Six terms used to describe the devil in the New Testament and other early Christian literature are: to;n ponhrovn (evil one) oJ diavbolo~(devil) Satana`~ (Satan) oJ a[rcwn (ruler or prince) Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn (prince of demons) Beliavr (transliteration of the Hebrew for worthlessness) This chart shows occurrences of each of six terms, where applicable, including brief phrases of text, within the following categories: 1 John Gospel of John New Testament books in general Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Three of the Early Church Fathers 1 John: to;n ponhrovn (evil one) 2:13; 2:14 I write to you, young men, that you have overcome the evil one 3:12 Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother

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3:12 his works were evil and his brothers were righteous 5:18 the evil one does not touch him (the one born of God keeps him safe) 5:19 the whole world is under the control of the evil one oJ diavbolo~(devil) 3:8 He who does what is sinful is of the devil 3:8 because the evil has been sinning from the beginning 3:8 the Son of God appeared to destroy the works of the devil 3:10 This is how we know who the children of God are and who the children of the devil are: Anyone who does not do what is right is not a child of God; neither is anyone who does not love his brother. Satana`~ (Satan) oJ a[rcwn Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn Beliavr Gospel of John: to;n ponhrovn (the evil one) 17:15 protect them from the evil one oJ diavbolo~ (devil) John 6:79? 8:44 ye are of your father the d 13:2 the d having now put into the heart Satana`~ (Satan) 13:27 after the sop S entered into him oJ a[rcwn tou` kovsmou touvtou (the ruler of this world) 12:31 now the ruler of this world 14:30 for the ruler of this world is 16:11 judgment, because the ruler of this world Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn (prince of demons) --Beliavr --Other New Testament writings: to;n ponhrovn (evil one) Mt. 5:37 this comes from the evil one 6:13 rescue us from the evil one 13:19 the evil on comes and snatches 13:38 the children of the evil one Eph. 6:16 flaming arrows of the evil one 2 Thess. 3:3 and guard you from the evil one

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oJ diavbolo~(devil) Mt 4:1 wilderness to be tempted of the d 4:5 d. taketh him up into the holy city 4:8 again the d taketh him up ino 9:52 a dumb man possessed with a d 9:38 when the d was cast out the 11:18 and they say, he hath a d 12:22 one possessed with a d, blind 13:39 enemy that sowed them is the d 15:22 is grievously vexed with a d 17:18 Jesus rebuked the d; and he 25:41 prepared for the d and his angels Mark 5:15, 16 was possessed with the d 7:26 that he would cast forth the d 9:29 d is gone out of they daughter 7:30 she found the d gone out and her Luke 4:2 being forty days tempted of the d 4:3 the d said unto him, If thou be 4:5d, taking him up into an high 4:6 the d said unto him, All this will 4:13 d had ended all the temptation 4:33 had a spirit of an unclean d 4:35when the d had thrown him in 7:33 win: and ye say, He hath a d 8:12 cometh in the d and taketh away 8:29 of the d into the wilderness 9:42 d threw him down and tare him 11:14 casting out a d and it was dumb 11:14 to pass when the d was gone out Acts 10:38 all that were oppressed of the d 13:10 thou child of the d, thou enemy Eph 4:27 Neither give place ot the d 6:11 stand against the wiles of the d 1 Tim 3:6 into the condemnation of the d 1 Tim 3:7 reproach and the snare of the d 2 Tim 2:26 out of the snare of the d, who Heb. 2:14 power of death, that is, the d James 4:7 Resist the d and he will flee from 1 Pet 5:8 because your adversary the d Jude 9 when contending with the d he Rev 2:10 the d shall cast some of you into prison 12:9 that old serpent, called the D and 12:12 the d is come down unto you 20;2 that old serpent, which is the D 20:10 the d that deceived them was cast

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Satana`~ (Satan) Mt 4:10, get thee hence, Satan 12:26 And if Satan cast out Satan he is divided 16:23 Get thee behind me, Satan Mark 1:13 forty days, tempted of Satan 3:23 How can Satan cast out Satan 3:26 Satan rise up against himself and be 4:15 Satan cometh immediately and taketh 8:33 saying, Get thee behind me, Luke 4:8 Get thee behind me, Satan 10:18 I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven 11:18 S also be divided against himself 13:16 daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound 22:3 Then entered S into Judas 22:31 S. hath desired to have you Acts 5:3 why hath S filled thine heart to lie 26:18 from the power of S unto God, that Rom 16:20 bruise S under your feet shortly 1 Cor 5:5 to deliver such an one unto S 7:5 that S tempt you not for your 2 Cor 2:11 S should get an advantage of us 11:14 S himself is transformed into an angel of light 12:7 the messenger of S to buffet me 1 Thess 2:18 and again; but S hindered us 2 Thess 2:9 is after the working of S with all 1 Tim 1:20 whom I have delivered utno S 5:15 are already turned aside after S Rev. 2:9 not, but are the synagogue of S 2:13 slain among you, where S dwelleth 2:24 have nto known the depths of S 8:9 make them of the synagogue of S 12:9 serpent, called the Devil, and S 20:7 S shall be loosed out of his prison Rev. 2:13 dwellest, even where Ss seat is oJ a[rcwn (the ruler) Matt 9:34 by the ruler of the demons 12:24 Beelzebul, the ruler of the demons Mark 3:22 by the ruler of the demons Luke 11:15 the ruler of the demons Eph. 2:2 following the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn (prince of demons) Matt 10:25 master of the house Beelzebul 12:24 It is only be Beelzebul 12:27 I cast out demons by Beelzebul

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Mark 3:22 He has Beelzebul, and by the Luke 11:15 casts out demons by B 11:18 out the demons by B 11:19 out the demons by B Beliavr 2 Cor. 6:15 what fellowship does Christ have with Beliar

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs to;n ponhrovn (evil one) -oJ diavbolo~(devil) T. Naphtali 3:4. If ye work that which is good, my children, Both men and angels shall bless you; And God shall be glorified among the Gentiles through you, And the devil shall flee from you, And the wild beasts shall fear you, And the Lord shall love you, And the angels shall cleave to you T. Naphtali 8:6 But him who doeth not that which is good, Both angels and men shall curse, And God shall be dishonored among the gentiles through him And the devil shall make him as his own peculiar instrument, And every wild beast shall master him. Satana`~ (Satan) T. Dan 3:6. This spirit goeth always with lying at the right hand of Satan, that with cruelty and lying his works may be wrought. T. Dan 5: 6. For I have read in the book of Enoch, the righteous, that your prince is Satan, and that all the spirits of wickedness and pride will conspire to attend constantly on the sons of Levi, to cause them to sin before the Lord. T. Gad 4: 7. For the spirit of hatred worketh together with Satan, but the spirit of love worketh together with the law of God in long-suffering unto the salvation of men. oJ a[rcwn --Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn (prince of demons) --Beliavr T. Dan 4:7. When the soul is continually disturbed, the Lord departeth from it, and Beliar ruleth over it. T. Dan 5:1.Observe, therefore, my children, the commandments of the Lord, and keep His law; Depart from wrath, and hate lying

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That the Lord may dwell among you, And Beliar may flee from you. T. Dan 5:10. And there shall arise unto you from the tribe of Judah and of Levi the salvation of the Lord; And he shall make war against Beliar, T. Dan 5:11. And the captivity shall he take from Beliar (the souls of the saints) And turn disobedient hearts unto the Lord T. Dan 6:1. And now, fear the Lord, my children, and beware of Satan and his spirits T. Naphtali 2:6 As a mans strength, so also is his work; so also is his word either in the law of the Lord or in the law of Beliar. T. Asher 1:3. Two ways hath God given to the sons of men, and two inclinations, and two kinds of action, and two modes (of action) and two issues. 4. Therefore all things are by twos, one over against the other. 7. For having its thoughts set upon righteousness, and casting away wickedness, it straightway overthroweth the evil, and uprooteth the sin. 8. But if it incline to the evil inclination, all its actions are in wickedness, and it driveth away the good, and cleaveth to the evil, and is ruled by Beliar; even though it work what is good, he perverteth it to evil. T. Asher 3:2 But from wickedness flee away, destroying the evil inclination by your good works; for they that are double-faced serve not God, but their own lusts, so that they may please Beliar and men like unto themselves. T. Ben. 3:3 Fear ye the Lord, and love your neighbor; and even though the spirits of Beliar claim you to afflict you with every evil, yet shall they not have dominion over you T. Ben. 6:1. The inclination of the good man is not in the power of the deceit of the spirit of Beliar, for the angel of peace guideth his soul. T. Ben. 6:7. The works of Beliar are twofold, and there is no singleness in them. T. Ben. 7:1. Therefore, my children, I tell you, flee the malice of Beliar; for he giveth a sword to them that obey him. 2. And the sword is the mother of seven evils. First the mind conceiveth through Beliar, and first there is bloodshed; secondly, ruin; thirdly, tribulation fourthly, exile; fifthly, dearth; sixthly, panic; seventhly, destruction. 3. Therefore was Cain also delivered over to seven vengeances by God. T. Levi 3:3. In the third [heaven] are the hosts of the armies which are ordained for the day of judgment, to work vengeance on the siprits of deceit and of Beliar. And above them are the holy ones. T. Levi 17:9. And the lawless shall cease to do evil and the just shall rest in him. 11. And he shall give to the saints to eat from the tree of life, and the spirit of holiness shall be on them. 12. And Beliar shall be bound by him, and he shall give power to His children to tread upon the evil spirits. T. Levi 19:1. And now my children, ye have heard all; choose, therefore for yourselves either the light or the darkness, either the law of the Lord or the works of Beliar. T. Judah 25:3. And ye shall be the people of the Lord, and have one tongue; and there shall be no spirit of deceit of Beliar. For he shall be cast into the fire for ever. T. Zebulun 9:8. And healing and compassion shall be in His wings. He shall redeem all the captivity of the sons of men from Beliar; And every spirit of deceit shall be trodden down. Early Church Fathers: to;n ponhrovn (evil one)

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--oJ diavbolo~(devil) Polycarp to the Philippians 7:1: For everyone who does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is an anti-Christ [compare 1 John 4:3; 2 John 7] and whosoever does not confess the testimony of the Cross is of the devil [compare 1 John 3:8a]; Ignatius to Eph 10:13 in order that no weed of the devil may be found among you Ignatius to Tral. 8:1 I am guarding you in advance because you are very dear to me and I foresee the snares of the devil. You, therefore, must arm yourselves with gentleness and regain your strength in faith and in love. Papias, Fragment 11: the great dragon, the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, was cast out; the deceiver of the whole world was cast down to the earth along with his angels. Satana`~ (Satan) Polycarp to the Philippians 7: 2: whosoever perverts the oracles of the Lord for his own lusts, and says that there is neither resurrection nor judgment, this man is the firstborn of Satan [compare children of the devil in 1 John 3:10] Ignatius to Eph 13:1 Ignatius said that when believers meet together frequently, the powers of Satan are overthrown Papias, Fragment 11: the great dragon, the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, was cast out; the deceiver of the whole world was cast down to the earth along with his angels. Papias, Fragment 24: 8 He [Christ] defeated sin and condemned Satan, and through his death he spread abroad his righteousness over all. 9 As this occurred, the victory of Michael and his legions, the guardians of humankind, became complete, and the dragon could resist no more, because the death of Christ exposed him to ridicule and threw him to the earth10 concerning which Christ said, I saw Satan fallen from heaven like a lightning bolt. oJ a[rcwn Ignatius to Tral. 4:2 Therefore I need gentleness, by which the ruler of this age is destroyed. Ignatius to Phil. 6:2 flee, therefore, the evil tricks and traps of the ruler of this age, lest you be worn out by his schemes and grow weak in love Beelzebou;l, archonti tw`n daimonivwn (prince of demons) --Beliavr ---