Professional Documents
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VOL 1 ISSUE 3
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editor in chief
Anniversaries
are marked, or celebrated, in almost every culture and society. In some form or the other, anniversaries are observed everywhere. Some nations and peoples are largely personality obsessed, wherein their anniversary ritualisation revolves around, almost always, a famous person. Institutions of the state, or other historical events, pale in comparison to a birth or death anniversary of a significant leader. The reasons for this practice range from political evolution, and the prevailing participative culture. India could easily fall into this category. And this is in stark contrast to how some western democracies mark anniversaries of wars, and their memories. I recall a call made to the Ministry of Defence public relations office in 1995. The call was inspired by the fact that it was the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War, in both the eastern and western sectors. Indian troops had played a significant role in the battle against German and Italian fascism, as well as against Japanese militarism. Thousands of Indians had laid down their lives, and as the then Defence Correspondent for the Indian Express I was interested in how the Ministry of Defence would mark the contribution by the predecessors of independent India's armed forces. There would be no events, said the MoD official, in a matter of fact sort of way. When I asked why, he said because India was not a country that marked military events.
That blunt remark has remained lodged firmly in my personal memory system. It bothered me then, and continues to till today. More so as the country struggles with the after blow of last year's terrorist attacks in Mumbai. The first anniversary has only just passed. And a few more such anniversaries will pass before memory lapses begin to play their part, after which the state and its society will move on in life. Memories of those days of terror slowly fading into sepia tones. All of these rituals being enacted currently will cease in a few years, leaving only the victims families as the sole repositories of loss. The loss of human life is enough reason for the restructuring of state mechanisms and responses. Inaction on the part of the state machinery, and the inadequacy of its responses is sufficient cause to rethink the government and its instruments. But unfortunately human life has little value in India. And as a result of which significant events turn rather quickly into phenomena of temporary importance and declining observance. Consider how events relating to the 1971 war are performed, in comparison to when memories were more recent. Why, even the state seems to have seceded from its responsibilities. So the country witnesses the sad spectacle of various functionaries of the government making it clear that there would not be any observances for the 10th anniversary of the Kargil War. A war as significant, regionally as well as globally, can come to be treated not as a footnote, but a small index item, what then can be expected for Mumbai 2008!
manvendra singh
publishers view
Dear reader,
chairman shyam sunder publisher & ceo pawan agrawal editor-in-chief manvendra singh sales & advertising shishir bhushan international business (uk & europe) shrey agrawal art consultant divya gupta central saint martins college of art & design, university of arts, london assistant editor shilpi aggarwal correspondent (europe) justyna bajer art & graphics dilshad & dabeer sr. photographer subhash circulation & distribution ranjeet, prakash e-mail: (first name)@dsalert.org info: info@dsalert.org articles: articles@dsalert.org subscription: subscription@dsalert.org advertisement: advt@dsalert.org editorial & business office 4/19 asaf ali road new delhi-110002, india t: +91-011-23243999, 23287999 f: +91-11-23259666 e: info@dsalert.org articles@dsalert.org advt@dsalert.org subscription@dsalert.org www.dsalert.org
As every new edition reaches you we have been made to realize that Defence And Security Alert (DSA) has become a microcosm of the India as we know it - diverse but unified, replete with potential waiting to be exploited and fulfilled. Your responses tell us that. We must congratulate you for the great support extended to us in our endeavour to make Indians aware of their security perimeter, the dangers that confront the nation and the ways and means of setting up defences. Your support encourages us to greater effort which will become apparent in the new year that is just round the corner. You deserve congratulations for being aware and receptive to the idea of Defence And Security Alert. The important thing for us is that your numbers are growing in consonance with our mission statement to spread awareness of national security issues both current and in the far horizon as widely as possible and to generate a feeling of nationalism and common endeavour. As we prepare to go to Press and put the edition to bed all Indians everywhere share the grief and shock of the Mumbai carnage of 26/11 last year. We relive those moments of horror nonetheless awed by the thought that in this past year there has not been a repeat of any spectacular terrorist strike anywhere in India. Our experts tell us that this is a sign of victory over the forces of evil that have been kept at bay by the strength of our national resolve, awareness and preparedness. We feel proud that we have made a small but significant contribution. There is still a great deal to be done as is evident from the unravelling of terror networks from the US to India to Europe and Africa, each beginning and ending in Pakistan. We are extremely receptive to your feedback by way of encouragement, suggestions and criticism that you have communicated to us. It is gratifying to see DSA flourishing and our readers joining the family from all parts of India and around the world. Once again we appeal to our readers to send us defence and security-related photographs and videos which we will display on our website with due credit. This is an opportune moment to wish all our readers a very happy, prosperous and safe 2010.
MISSION
The power of a king lies in his mighty arms
Security of the citizens at peace time is very important because State is the only saviour of the men and women who get affected only because of the negligence of the State.
Chanakya
disclaimer all rights reserved. reproduction and translation in any language in whole or in part by any means without permission from Defence And Security Alert is prohibited. opinions expressed are those of the individual writers and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher and / or editors. all disputes are subject to jurisdiction of delhi courts.
Defence And Security Alert is printed, published and owned by pawan agrawal on behalf of ocean media private limited and printed at graphic world, 1686, kucha dakhini rai, darya ganj, new delhi-110002 and published at ocean media private limited, 4/19 asaf ali road, new delhi (india). editor: manvendra singh
pawan agrawal
contents
ISSUE DECEMBER 2009
VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3
cover story
40
A R T I C L E S counter terror payback time by Lt Gen (Retd.) V G Patankar
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61 64 68 72 75
counter insurgency managing ceasefires by Jaideep Saikia defence visions RMA: a synergetic change by Air Marshal (Retd.) S G Inamdar engagement dragon on the prowl by Maj Gen (Retd.) Sheru Thapliyal internal security India: a soft state by K K Mitra IPS internal security riposte to the maoists by Lt Gen (Retd.) Arvind Sharma F E A T U R E S
contents
12 20
indian ocean
benign interventions by Rear Adm (Retd.) Raja Menon neighbour watch Pakistan: on the edge of a precipice? by K Subrahmanyam
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24 54
68
32
40
80 12 32
49
54
others
cartoon jokes
by Udayshankar
79 82
info@dsalert.org
Our first two issues I have seen two issues of the Defence And Security Alert. I have been very impressed both with the themes of these issues and the quality of articles which reflect knowledge as well as balance qualities not generally visible in many such journals which are now flooding the market. A journal on defence strategy and security has credibility only if its contents carry conviction and are related to facts and these stand out, at least in the first two issues of the DSA. I hope this will be a continuing feature of your journal. With all good wishes. Vice Admiral (Retd.) Premvir Das, Noida .................... I have gone through the first two issues of The Defence And Security Alert (DSA) and I have been very much benefited. Let me congratulate you for bringing out a magazine of first-class quality with well researched articles from knowledgeable and well respected authors with vast hands-on experience in defence and security matters. I am sure that the same would be widely welcomed by all concerned with security issues.The articles cover a wide range from domestic policing to international relations which affect the security scenario. The production values are superb with sharp maps in attractive colours, good photographs and with data presented in tabular form. I hope you would keep up the quality and I wish the magazine a large readership and all success. K Padmanabhaiah IAS, New Delhi .................... I have received the October issue of Defence And Security Alert. I must compliment you and your able staff for bringing out by any reckoning a very readable monthly journal of high quality and professional interest. It has an excellent look and getup. Indeed, in our country we do not have quality journals dealing with security issues. DSA fills that void. I am sure the informed reading public will appreciate and enjoy reading the articles of this serious journal. It is a serious professional journal. It will raise awareness level of the public regarding security and law enforcement issues. Sankar Sen, IPS, Gurgaon .................... Thank you for sending me the first issue of DSA. I must compliment you for a magazine which is going to fill a major void in our intellectual reading available on the stands. Apart from an excellent get up, the content is rich and well sifted. My personal compliments to you and your team. Lt Gen K M Seth (Retd.) Former Governor, Chhattisgarh and Tripura .................... We are in receipt of DSA October and November issue and thank you for sending us the distinctive magazine Defence And Security Alert (DSA) which proves to be very useful for Business Enterprises. Ramanathan Muthu, Honorary Consul, Consulate of Switzerland, Chennai DSA is indeed a high class journal which fills a void in the field of defence writing. I was delighted to go through its high quality of content and illustrations. Wishing you total success in this endeavour. Maj Gen (Retd.) Ashok Krishna, Director, Amity Institute of Competitive Intelligence (AICI), Noida I am happy to see interest in security sector literature growing. I started Frontier India Strategic and Defence two years back for similar reasons. I will be happy to contribute to DSA in future. P Chacko Joseph, Publisher, Frontier India Strategic & Defence .................... DSA in my hand, nice initiative. Go ahead, sky is the limit. Dr Girija Shanker Sharma, Head- Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, KMI- Dr BRA University, Agra .................... I have received and gone through the contents of the Inaugural issue. I am deeply impressed. I wish the DSA magazine glory in the years to come. I am deeply impressed. All the best to all of you. O N Shrivastava, IPS, Former Governor of Nagaland and Manipur
lert Security A Defence & ali road 4/19 asaf dia 110002, in new delhi-
payback
In planning counter-terrorism one can easily fall prey to a well-documented tendency to be moulded by past experience. However, to understand the terrorist mind one has, perforce, to revisit past experiences. A compendium of past experiences can give an insight into the working of a terror-prone mind because it is also a truism that the best way to counter a terrorist is to get into his thought processes.
time
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Simply put what we seek is to ensure that terrorists cannot and will not succeed in any strike in future. Victory should be seen in the absence of any incident of terrorist strike rather than defeating it after it occurs
benign
interventions
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4%
INDONESIA
29%
PERU
21%
BANGLADESH
20% 4%
NIGERIA TANZANIA
4%
MALAYSIA SOMALIA
5%
MALACCA STRAITS
4% 4%
5%
IT IS ALREADY WELL KNOWN IN INDIA THAT INDIGENISATION HAS BEEN TAKEN THE FARTHEST BY THE NAVY. THE SHIPS BUILT IN INDIA ARE TRULY IMPRESSIVE, EVEN IF MUCH OF THE WEAPON PACKAGE COMES FROM ABROAD.
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request
We request all academicians, thinkers, policy makers and
authors to write for DSA for a safe and secure India and world.
THE NAVAL BUDGET IS ACTUALLY SUBSIDIZING DEFENCE PSU INEFFICIENCY. THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE APPEARS TO BE ACTING MORE ON BEHALF OF THE DEFENCE PSU THAN ON BEHALF OF AN ECONOMICAL DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY! THE NAVY ALSO SUFFERS, AS DO THE OTHER TWO SERVICES FROM HIGHLY DELAYED DECISION MAKING OF THE MOD. IT RESULTED IN THOUSANDS OF CRORES OF UNNECESSARY ESCALATION.
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PAKISTAN:
The cards are on the table (and they have been there for several decades) - a nuclearised military establishment with a penchant for jihad and now freelance jihadis hovering around nuclear facilities. Islamabad is waiting for the US to fall to battle fatigue and leave the region to Pakistani geopolitics. The coming spring will be the moment of truth
K Subrahmanyam
After six years of Bush Administration's permissiveness of the double game of General Musharraf of pretending to hunt with the US hounds, and running with the Taliban and jihadi hares, the charade was brought to an end by President Obama when he announced his Af-Pak strategy towards the end of March, 2009.
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Pakistan has put forward the argument that with an India-friendly Karzai in power in Kabul and if Taliban is neutralised Indian influence in Afghanistan will increase, jeopardizing Pakistani security
The Pakistanis were confident that neither US nor India could take any punishing action against them as they had nuclear weapons and they could further blackmail the Americans and the world that if they were not supported the nuclear weapons and materials would fall into the hands of the jihadis
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power
aerospace
The symbiosis of dual-use assets in space and of the flying machine in the air give to warfare a dimension hitherto lacking. It pushes the envelope out of reach of the infantry until now considered the Queen of the Battlefield because of the need to capture and hold territory; or of the navy which in the middle ages helped carve out overseas empires. Logically, the warrior of the 21st century must be a 3-dimension man.
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It may be argued that dedication may be gross underutilization of a satellite. I believe that between the three military services, we are in a position to load the transponders of a satellite to capacity. If necessary, we may launch smaller satellites but they must be dedicated to the military. We need two geostationary satellites aloft to cover all areas of interest
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It has become popular to disparage airpower / aerospace power and to argue, It is not decisive in war. But it is the hardest hitting, longest reaching, capable of rapid response, and most flexible force that the nation possesses. It is difficult to imagine land or sea power can survive - much less be decisive - without aerospace power
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performance ACCOUNTABILITY
Rudyard Kipling described it as The Great Game in his opus on the British Raj and its sphere of influence at the north-western end of the Grand Trunk Road. Intelligence gathering is the name of that game. The art of spying was totally in keeping with what Chanakya would have recommended. Yet it does sound strange that the agency which Lord Mountbatten described as the best in the world could fail to warn of the Pakistan Army invasion of Jammu and Kashmir disguised as tribals a few months after the attainment of independence. Instead of scoring victories in their own archane world, albeit unsung and unrecorded, our spies make history for the wrong reasons like the one in the cyber security organization who gave it all away to an American woman or the man from RAW who just packed and left. Into the cold or some warm embrace? 32
fiascos
D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T Y A L E R T December 2009
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performance ACCOUNTABILITY
Kargil Review Committee chai red by K Subrahmanya m, which pointed out se veral lacunae in the existing in telligence set u p in the country, the chief being the existence o f multiple agencies report ing to different heads
THE INTELLIGENCE E BECOME SERVICES HAV ND LAZY. SOMNOLENT A T BE SHAKEN OU THEY NEED TO BER. THIS IS OF THEIR SLUM BY MAKING ONLY POSSIBLE TABLE AND THEM ACCOUN HEM TO SUBJECTING T AND PERFORMANCE DIT FINANCIAL AU
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performance ACCOUNTABILITY
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D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T Y A L E R T December 2009
global conflicts
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It is not for nothing that India is being so strenuously wooed to join Multi National Force (MNF) groupings in various parts of the world. We have just signed an agreement with Japan for antipiracy operations in the Pacific Ocean. We are deeply involved in similar anti-piracy operations off the east coast of Africa and in policing the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) to prevent the clandestine movement of nuclear weapons and components across the Indian Ocean. Our popularity grows from having conducted eminently successful peacekeeping / peacemaking operations under the UN flag in Somalia and Sierra Leone in recent times and Korea and Indochina before that. Our mantra that the UN must prevail could find converts in odd places. Afghanistan and Iraq for instance.
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(TOP) A member of the UN Military-Observer Group in India and Pakistan on his way to a field station on the Kashmir cease-fire line, January 1955.
In most cases the UN rose to the occasion, however, due to acute paucity of resources, difficult choices had to be made. In the light of this many Regional Peacekeeping Forces/ Multi National Forces were born
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Pre-requisites
Fear exists, that a super power or coalition of powers could intervene in any part of the world at its own accord, without justification, without moral support and authorisation of the international community, basically to serve their own interests
In the current world order with the dominance of the sole super power, USA, over the UN, the latter is sidelined, so are Regional Organisations if any are operating in area of conflict. This has drastically affected the impartial and unbiased approach towards conflict resolution
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Some of the important internationally sensitive issues are: International Humanitarian Laws; International Laws of Armed Conflict; Sensitivity towards Casualties; Transparency and the End State (final desired outcome)
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Contentious issues
MAOISTS:
Dr S K Mishra
49
52
Rate (Rs)
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 5000
25000 20000 5000 1000 10000 3000 1000 15000 3000 3 3000 5000
Rockets Grenades/Hand and stick grenades Detonators (electronic) Detonators (others)
0
Sniper rifle and LMG Missile Wireless set (Long range) Wireless set (Short range) Satellite phone Remote control Explosive material (per kg) AK 47/56/74 rifle Mines Ammunition of all types (per round) Pistol/Revolver VHF/HF Communication sets
Arms
D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T Y A L E R T December 2009
1000 500 50 10
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S Banerjee IPS
curse of
corruption
Transparency must be brought about hand in hand with the reforms to bring about accountability. The Right to Information Act 2005 was a very important step in this direction
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Amongst all the government departments, the role of the police in public life is perhaps the most important. This is because the police deals with all sections of the society and is often misused by the powers that be to meet their own ends. The accountability of this department is therefore of great importance to public life
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deterrence
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Jaideep Saikia
managing
ceasefires
Unfortunately, a lot of premature and needless publicity was given. Hopefully this project will fructify as planned, without being affected by the recent fizzle controversy surrounding our 1998 thermonuclear test. My opinion is that given our overcrowded Asian cities, and massive populations, a 15 to 20 KT fission device will more than suffice to deter
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RMA: a synergetic
change
In many ways, the Revolution in Military Affairs or RMA exploits the vulnerabilities of the human condition - you can paralyse the mind without recourse to violent means, you can still the striking arm before it can be raised. Warriors in all echelons of the military establishment must be encouraged to cerebrate and contribute to this new way of warfare.
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A new, autonomous RMA organisation composed of analysts rather than advocates can predictably do what the RAND Corporation did for nuclear strategy in the US in 1950s. While remaining affiliated to the Indian Ministry of Defence, this RMA organisation should be staffed by a mix of civilians and armed forces officers
Weapons of Mass Protection (WMP) are electro-magnetic, kinetic or non-lethal chemical devices that can be used in the initial stages of a conflict to deter by denial. The aim would be to support diplomacy, to limit enemy aggression, to non-lethally disarm or dissuade him
Chinas four modernisations have borne fruit and in the past decade it has cleared the decks of border disputes with nearly all its neighbours except India. With military and economic power at hand it has been leaning on India through a hardening-of-ties attitude, all the while making it appear as if India is the provocateur. There is method in the madness and there is a feeling that we have seen this happen before.
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India:
There is much that can be learned from the common experience of 9/11 in the US and of 26/11 in Mumbai in the methodology of pre-emption of terrorist strikes. The pannational nature of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, for instance, is the envy of the Indian National Investigation Agency. The multifarious nature of the threats to the Indian nationState be it cross-border terrorism, economic sabotage through fake currency, passage of drugs and arms and a networking of criminal gangs, religious and ethnic separatist groups tend of show India up as a soft State. Yet not all experiences and lessons therefrom are interchangeable. The recent shooting by a Muslim American in a military base has all the hallmarks of the POTA effect on the human psyche.
a soft state?
K K Mitra IPS
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Alienation and despair amongst sizeable segments of the population have provided huge window of opportunity to hostile neighbouring countries to foment trouble by supporting various disgruntled groups and neglected elements in the society
riposte to the
maoists
Maintenance of internal security is the product of realistic assessments of manpower requirements for law and order, VVIP security, intelligence gathering, criminal investigation and prosecution so that sacrosanct guidelines can be laid down for turnover of forces, leave, unexpected deterioration in law and order and training. It is a totality of this that expectations of success in counter-insurgency / internal security operations are predicated. Within this framework the elite National Security Guard becomes the fist of the State to deliver the coup de grace.
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cartoon
Resistance to change is
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There is nothing scarier than using public transport for women. Still every day majority of women - college girls, professionals and housewives have to use them, risking their safety. The following tips will ensure your safety while travelling by bus or train.
smart and
safe
WHILE TRAVELLING AT NIGHT IN A TRAIN, DON'T HESITATE TO ASK YOUR WOMAN CO-PASSENGER TO ACCOMPANY YOU TO THE WASHROOMS. Always take care of your luggage.
travel
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D E F E N C E A N D S E C U R I T Y A L E R T December 2009
Do not let your children get attracted to any unattended article such as toys, sweets etc.
Do not accept any eatables from any strangers, not even from co-passengers even if offered as Prashad (GODs blessings)
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he Russians and the Chinese are at the peak of political conflict. Both countries threaten each other militarily. A big package arrives at the Russian camp. Brezhnev opens it. It's a big bag of beans. And a note from Mao: "This is how many we will come to crush you!" Brezhnev scribbles a reply, orders for a big bag of flour to be sent to Beijing. Mao receives it with the note: "... And this is how we will send you back!"
military exercise is carried out at a Pakistani airbase. The paratroopers have jumped out of the aircraft. Suddenly, a soldier screams desperately to his officer! Soldier: "Sir! My parachute doesn't open!" Officer: "Don't worry soldier! This is just an exercise!"
Russian citizen is trying to protest against the communist regime. Therefore he throws leaflets, papers around Red Square in Moscow. KGB agents arrest him and question him, then they observe that there was nothing on the papers, they were all plain white. The KGB agents ask him why the papers are white. The prisoner replies: "It's obvious anyway, why should I write it down?" retired sergeant was asked: "Well, how do you like civilian life?" "Terrible," he said gruffly, "All those people around and nobody in charge!"
here was this General-intraining, and his superior was asking him questions. Superior: What happened on June 6, 1944? Trainee: We stormed the beach at Normandy, which later became known as D-Day, sir! Superior: What was the turning point of World War II? Trainee: "Battle of the Bulge, sir!" Superior: What is the importance of May 12? The man thought and thought: "I don't know, sir!" The superior then said, "Well, I will tell your wife that you forgot her birthday."
Soldier: "Because we can see the moon any clear night, but we cannot see that object even at day time."
t a lesson on topography, a soldier was asked, "What is farther away - the moon or that object on this map?" Soldier: "That object, naturally." Trainer: "What makes you think that?"
uring an army basic training, the lieutenant asked each of them where home was. After everyone had answered, he sneered and said: You are all wrong, the army is now your home. Back at the barracks, he read the evening duties, then asked the first sergeant if he had anything to say. The sergeant replied, Men, while you were gone today, I found beds improperly made, clothes not hanging correctly, shoes not shined and footlockers a mess. Where do you think you are? Home?
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INAUGURAL ISSUE
request
We request all academicians, thinkers, policy makers and
authors to write for DSA for a safe and secure India and world.
info@dsalert.org www.dsalert.org
NOVEMBER ISSUE
DSA Inaugural issue was very informative and useful. I particularly liked its contents, presentation and attractive looks. Air Chief Marshal (Retd.) SP Tyagi, Gurgaon
Awareness level involving the security of the country are extremely limited in India particularly among those who are at the helm of decision making. The country of our size and growing importance has to correct this anomaly. DSA will contribute substantially and meaningfully towards that end in the months and years to come. DSA inaugural issue provides an overview of the internal security scenario in the country. Ashok Parthasarathis lines are a revelation of the hitherto little known views of Jawaharlal Nehru on the Chinese. The story on Maoists is exhaustive, it could have been more brief and direct. The articles are well researched and the journal provides a good medium for critical appraisal of the Nations Security. Ajit Dovals insight into the Valleys situation is a valuable contribution. K Vijaya Rama Rao (IPS), Hyderabad Lt Gen (Retd.) Shantonu Chowdhry, Noida
about
DSA is truly a world-class magazine. The articles are well researched, well written, topical and thought provoking. And the fact that articles are written by known experts gives stature to the magazine. DSA will surely be a leader the Defence Field in the times to come. Lt Gen (Retd.)VK Jetley, Gurgaon
DSA is indeed a serious professional journal. Maj Gen (Retd.) SS Nair, AVSM
DSA is very well-produced. It certainly has some heavy hitters contributing to it! Shiv Aroor, Headlines Today, TV Today Network, New Delhi
DSA is very impressive and admirable magazine. Anurag Pandey, Senior Research Scholar & Assistant Professor, University of Delhi, New Delhi