To the sludent

How do you learn a language? There is no easyanswerto this question. Peoplelearn series starts from the basisof natural languages in many different ways. The lnlrorriliolrg you need to havesimilar people haveevery day, then teachesyou the language conversations conversations in English. the Innoilttllcnc To make this processas interesting,motivating,and productive as possible, series: . containsnumerousexamplesof the way grammarand vocabularyare naturallyused. and good from good grammar exercises, You can learn a lot of usefulvocabulary vocabularyactivitieswill give you practicewith the grammarof English. introducesyou to many new featuresof spokengrammar and usefulidiomaticlanguage, contexts. followed by opportunitiesto practisethem in meaningful givingyou plenty to talk - and includesreadingtexts that are intriguingand challenging, think - about. which will help you study better. features'Learner advice'pages, as fun and interestingto learn from as we did to write!

. . .

We hope you find lmcrrriloltt

Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers would like to thank the following teachers for their valuable input on this material at various stages during production: and Continuing RichardBooker,Schoolof Professional David Frank Barnes,The British Instituteof Florence; Bowles,The British CouncihJohnCargill,TheBritish Councih Education, Universityof Hong Kong;Michael Audrey Don, Universidad Alex Chevrolle,EF English First ;JoseOlavo de Amorim, Col6gio Bandeirantes; Universidad de Quintana Roo, British Schoolof Milan;FrankFarmer, LatinadeAmerica;JohnEaglesham, Humphreys,The British CouncihMaria Helena Unidad Cozumel;KirstenHolt, St Giles Eastbourne;Pamela BelginOgrek, Ozel Florya Koleji;Guy Sdo Paulo; de Cultura Inglesa Primon lema,Sociedade Brasileira First;Mark Rossiter,American Universityof Dubai; EF English Perring,TheBritish CouncihMark Rendell, Porto Alegre. Andre Joao Rypl,Cultura lnglesa Andrew would like to thank Harry and Shirley In additionto those atThomson,and in particularJimmie, Macu for her love and support,and Harry Dancey Walkley for beinggreat parentsand true internationalists, - a good friend made through teaching.

and Britain,where he is now a teacher and teacherHugh Dellar has taught EFL,ESP and EAP in Indonesia and non-nativespeaker trainer at the University of Westminsten London. He trains both native-speaker workshops all over the world. He would like to He has also givenpapersand teacher development teachers. Savage, Maud Dunkeld, Andy thank the following people:Lisa- for just beingthere;his mum and dad,Julian SallyDalzell,Nick Barrett,Darryl Hocking,AndrewWalkley,Rob Fairhurst, Nick Groom, Carole Patilla, Batstone, lvor Timmis,ScottThornbury,ChrisWenger,Howard Middle,StuartTipping,MichaelLewis and over the yearsandThierry Henry,Patrick JimmieHill for their help,support,inspirationand enthusiasm lain SinclairandWong Kar-Wei for bringingbeautyand Viera,Robert Pires, PharoahSanders, Curtis Mayfield, joy to my rare moments of free time and for helpingme get through!! in both ESOLand EABas well as a lecturer in art and Darryl Hocking is a teacher and teacher-trainer in developingacademicliteracies New Zealand.He specialises design, atAuckland University of Technology, Universityof London.He programmesin art and designand has also worked in this area at Goldsmiths, would like to thank Rosemary, Luciaand lsaac.

Conlents
Unit I
Tolking oboul people
Listening: The Brother from Hell! l0 Reoding: F u l l - t i mJ eo b ! l2 Using Grommor Modifierszvery,reolly,o bit... Present tenses: l'm o journolist My dod'sworking in Monchester. UsingVocobulory Describing people: good-looking, a bit dull ... Adjectives - positive or negative: tidy,messy... g || g l3

Unit 2
Friendr ernd relolives 14

Reoding: Surprise for Jailbird Dad

Using Grammor 14 Comparatives: not os ... os ... Comparing the present with the past: It wosn'tos hot os the lost time ... UsingVocabulory ldioms focus: like o houseon fire, Body idioms: coston orm ond a leg,keepo stroightfoce... Phrasal verbs with up: fill up, cheer up,mix up ... Talking about disasters: Everyone's been evacuated. ... Giving bad news: Oh, haven't you heord? ...

t6

t5

|5 17 Ig |9

Unit 3
Your inleresls

Listening: SoWhat ShallWeDo Tonight?

Using Grommar 22 Agreeing?,me too,me neither ... Auxiliary verb practice: so do l, neither om I ... UsingYocabulory Free timez going to see bonds, eoting out ... Expressions of frequency: not os often os I usedtq how oftendo you ... How- questionsz how much, how long... Expressions of (dis)interese not reollykeen, I reoily loveit ... ldioms focus: not my cup of teo, rightup your street . .. Expressions with thingz the thingis,for one thing... 20 2l Zl 23 ZS Zs 23 23

Reoding; 26 AreYou a BagPerson? 74

Unit 4
Unusuol inleresls ZO

Reoding: lt's a Man's World?

28

Using Grommar The -ing form as a verb: He spends oll his freetime singing. ... 26 The -ing form as a noun z Mountoineering pretty con be dongerous. . .. 26 Would and 'd: I wouldif I could. I'd quitefiketo. ... 3| Using Vocabulory Yiofent or dangerous sports: boxing, bungeejumping... 30

Revlew: Units l-4

32
Listening; Forty a Day! Using Grommor 40 Giving explanations with the past perfect continuous: I hodn't been getting on with my flatmotes, so I just decidedr needed a place of my own.... Second conditionals: lf I hod o job like that,t'd go crozy.... Likely or unlikely (conditionals): lf I possmy exom. lf I won o lot of money ... Using Yocobulary Tough decisions: deciding ro get morried, deciding to chongejobs . .. Expressions: Whot o nightmore, ldioms focus: pieceof cake,nothing to it .. . Taf king about jobs: surge on,mechonk,builder... Decisions: wise, wrong... How come? How come you'releoving eorty? ... 36 36 37 3g 39 4l

Unit 5
Big decisions

37 39 39

ll

UNTT O
ftying 42

Or

,tJ

Reoding The Cost of a Cigarette 43

Using Grommar postingyour lener. Gerunds and infinitives: I cleorlyremember ... I must remember to post your letter. Using Vocobulory card,an eight-hour Ffying vocabularyz o boording flight ... Adjectives - strong comparatives: much worse,much nicer... ... enormous Strong adiectives: disgustlng, smoker... o heovy Smoking: o choinsmoker, 44 45 45 47 46

Unit 7
Your weekend

Listening Thank Goodnesslt's Friday!

Using Grammor Four difrerent future forms: present simple 'll going I to / present continuous / 49

to, More ways of talking about the futurez I've gogl'm supposed 5I I mightbe ... UsingVocobulory Typicaf weekend activities: go out for o wokhove peopleround ... 48 on o dote... Collocations with gozl'm going ldioms focus: No rest for the wicked... 52 53

Unit 8
Porty onimcrls 54

Reoding Raveto the Grave

56

UsingYocobulory porty, porty... Parties: o dinner o birthdoy o porty... Party collocations: breok up o party,goteuosh ... Party politics: left-wing, right-wing o low,tighten o low ... Talking about the law: introduce

54 54 58 58

lp,vlc,wc Unlts 5-8

60
Listening: The Worst Disco in Town! Using Grommor 66 you?... Responding with auxiliary verbs: Oh,didyou?Oh,hove Not untiL' I didn't getin untilthree.... Linking ideas: lt wos so loud,I couldhardlyheor myselfthink.... Using Yocobulary closs.... Lifestyle activities: I went to my evening Colfocations with gefi get up,getsomemoney... ... Problem words: chotltokwoshlwosh-up 64 65 65 67 68 69

Unit 9
Losl nighr 64

Unit rO
lelotionships 70

Reoding ls She ReallyGoing Out with Him?

Using Grommor like o (n),looksos if (clause)... Appearances: looks(adj),looks 72 told you thot Expressions with modals: I could've You might soy thot ogoin! ... Using Yocabulory moture... Descriptive adjectives: musculor, ... I bet: I bet het studying computing. ... Chat-up lines: Do you comehereoften? Stages of a relationship manied, separated ... engaged, Iend to: Men tend to eot more junk food thon women.... 7| 7| 7l 73 75 70 74

Unit ll
Telling slories 76

Listening Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow! Reoding: SpiderWoman

76

Using Grommor -ing clauses.' I wosjust stondingthere,minding my own business. ... UsingYocobulary Hairstyfes: She'sgot curlyhoir.... Sfang: Het o reollynicebloke.... Different kinds of storieszbedtime story,thesomeold story .. . Storytelling joking. expressions: You're Reolly? ... ldiomatic comparisons: like clockwork,like o log ... Exaggerating using idioms: I'm dyingfor o coffee. ...

19

77 T7 78 7g gl I I

Unit 12
Difficuh ro believe 82

Reoding Home Alone Urban Myths

Using Grammor 83 87 Past simple and past continuous: I resigned from my job on Fridoy.. . I wos livingin ltoly when ... Being vague: ... or something, ... or onythifrg, ... -ish ... UsingVocobulary On the woy: As I woson my woy bockfrom France ... Travel words: tip,tour, journey ... 85 85 84 86

Review: Units 9-12

88
Listening: LongTime, No See! Long Lost Friends Using Grommor 93 96 Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous: Where on eorth hoveyou been?I've beenwaiting ... for on hour. Adverbs with the present perfect: I've never beento Siberio. ... Present perfect collocations: l've beentrovelling. ... I wish (with past perfect): I wish lU osked ... for her oddress. Using Yocobulary Expressions with pointz get the poin[ see the point,mokeo point... 95 94 94 94 94

Unit 13
Old friends

92 Reoding

Unit l4
Art 98

Reoding Art Attack

Using Grommar 100 Relative clauses: I went to thot new Motisse exhibition,which wos reolly nice.... UsingYocabulary Recommending: Youshould go ond seeit ... Describing paintingsz portroiglondscape,st/l life ... Oh,thot reminds me! Oh,thot remindsme! I must phone my mum tonighL ... 99 99 102 102

Unir 15
Describing things 104

Listening Not Exactly Shakespeare!

Using Grommor | 06 Conjunctions: olthough,considering,in spiteof ... Negative questionsz Don'tyou likecheese? ... ldioms focus: deod tired,brond new... Comparing: lt wos o bit like... but not os good.... /l4ust for guessing: Oh,thot must'vebeenwonderful. ... 105 107 107 | 08 109

Unit 16
Film crnd television I l0

Reoding TV Robocop: NotViolent Enough I 12 forViewers

Using Grammor had beencensored. ... Past perfect simple:TheW version Mixed conditionals: lf it hodn't beenfor him,l would never ... hovegone. Using Vocabulory ... Fifm types: sci.-f, onimoted, blockbuster Asking questions about films: Who'sin it? ... Film vocabulary: bonned,dubbed,direaor... ... Tefevision vocabulary: series, chonnel,digitol Audiences: spectotors, congregotion, fans... I l0 ||| lll I 14 I 14 | |3 | |5

Reviewr Units 13-16

il6 Listening More Sleeping Policemen Using Grommar l2l Second conditionals for making suggestions: lt'd be better if the shopsstoyedopen loter.... The passive: fhe bonk hos beenturned into o videoshop.... wild goose ldioms focus: black sheep, chose... Using Yocabulory ... Personal opinions: personolly, os for as l'm concerned ... towns,industrial Talking about cities: innercity,shonty | 23 124 122 124 | 25

Unit 17
G or s ond c i l i e s 120

Unit 18
Annoying things 176

Reoding A Sticky Problem

Using Grommor 126 Was/were going toz l thoughtit wos goingto be the holidayof ... o lifetime Using Yocabulory Phrasaf verbs: put up with,go on obout ... Complaining about things: to top the wholethingoff, the lost thingI need... you ... to bother Expressions with bother: Sorry ... the tip of the iceberg ldioms focus: a Cotch22 siuation, 127 129 |3I |3| | 28

Unit l9
Y our f ulur e

Listening Now You're Talking! 133

Using Grommor needto do is ... Starting with whotzWhot I really lf expressions (to talk about future plans): well... lf oll goes 134 ''37

1 3 2 Reoding:
with Economical theTruth! | 36

Using Yocabulary soy... Plans for the future: woit ond see, cont really I grewup ... Collocations: my own county,where 134 135

unir 20
lhe world of work 138

Reoding: We Can Work lt Out.

Using Grommor my bossnext week.... Future continuous: l'llbe meeting 139 Using Yocobulory V(ork or job? hord work,o dirty job ... Questions about work: How are thingsatwork? ... The ideaf boss (describing your boss)z opproochoble, ... domineering 140 l4l 142 143

Review: Units l7-2O

Tapescript Grommor lntroduction Grommor Commentory Expression Organiser

t44 t48 t57 t59 t67

Describing people
Think of three people you know - friends or family. Write their initials besidethree of the adiectivesor expressionsbelow. Then tell a partner about your choices. Tick the six adiectivesor expressions which best describe you. Then describe yoursetfto your partnen
Age young in his/hertwenties quite elderly youngerthan (s)he looks older than (s)he looks Looks good-looking not very good-looking Hair fair darkish completelywhite going grey losinghis hair almost bald Weight a bit thin overweight on the plump side Height quite tall a bit on the short side Other lazy hard-working bad-tempered easy-going friendly moody energetic a bit of a fitnessfanatic Personality amusing a bit dull conservative warm narrow-minded independent fun a bit of a workaholic religious musical sPorty creative very political a good sense of humour

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. f . When you're speaking your own language, which adjectives do you use most to describepeople? 2. What featuresof a person's appearance do you usuallynotice firstl 3. Are you happywith your own appearance? Why/why notl

t-isten to the descriptionsof fenny,Nick, Matt, and Kirsty. Decide who's who. Then work f, t7 in pairs, trying to remember as much as you can from the descriptionsyou heard.
3.

1 Talking aboutpeople

Usi rtg grarrrrrBr

Modifiers
The words used before adjectives or nouns to md<e a comment strongeri weaker, or more ecceptable are called modifiers. Add adjectives in the spaces to talk about people you know. + adiective l. verylreolly She's very nice. He's reallybossy. I've got a friend who can be very . . . . at times, but usually shet really. . . . l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Speaking
Do you agree with these statements? are a bit old-fashioned nowadays. Jeans Tattoos are reallycool. Body-piercing is a bit too riskyfor me! Surfingthe net can be a bit of a bore. Long hair is very attractive. Vegetarians can be a bit of a pain in the neck. Alcohol is very dangerous. Parentscan be a bit too protective.

2. guite+ adjective
- he paintsand draws. He'squite creative My father'squite My teachercan be quite . . . . sometimes.

Reell Englisht a painin the neck

lf someoneis a pain in the neck,they are very annoying. You can also use it about a situation. Porking's becomeobsolutely impossible in the town centre.lt's o reol poin in the neck.

3 . o bit + negative adjective

He'sa bit boring. She's a bit immature. I hav et o adm i t,I c a n b e a b i t . ... s o m eti mes. 4. o bit of o + negative noun She s a bit of a moaner.He'sa bit of a workaholic. My mum/dad isa bitof a ....

5 . o bit too + positiveadjective

She's a bit too nice,if you know whar I mean. I've got a friend who's very . In fact,I think he'sa bit too Tell your partner as much as you can about what you have written.
For more information on modifiers,see G l.

Pronunciation
A Listen to the stress and intonation of these I l'.r.-ples. Itl quite exoensive. (This meansit's expensive, but not too expensive.) It's quite expensive. (This meansyou think it reallyis expensive.) ff t:sten to these examples. Each is said in two I d aif.rent ways. Then try saying them yourself, so that the difference is clear. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I live quite near the office. She's quite nice. He'squite a good cook. We're quite h"ppy with the colour. He's quite friendly. I think they're quite conservative. The weather was quite good. lt's quite interesting.

Friendsand relatives
Do you say the following in your language? A friend of a friend is a friend. A friend of an enemyis an enemy. An enemyof a friend is an enemy. An enemyof an enemyis a friend. Check you understand these useful expressions for talking about your friends and relatives. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I don't reallyknow John Baker. I only know him by sight. Mary'san old girlfriendof mine. We're old schoolfriends. He's her ex. This is my parrner^,Jean. just an acquaintance. Bill's I don't reallyknow him that well. She'smy sister-in-law. I don't know rhem,but I know of them. I'm his godson. My sisterand I are reallyclose.

Are there people in your life who fit the above descriptions?Who and what are they?Tell a partner about them.

1 Talking aboutpeople

Lls'ier! irr
Tell a partner as much as you can about your family.

The Brotherfrom Hell!

Melanie: I can't remember. Do you take milkl Simon: Please, but no sugar.Thanks.lt's weird, you know, but I've been to your house ( l) . . . , and I still haven't met your parents. Melanie: Yes,they're out a lot. My dad works for the BBC and my mum's a, she does sort of (2) ... work for a company. You know,like an advertisingagency.They're both really busy.

A Simon and Melanie work | ? in the same office. Simon's popped in to Melanie's house after work for a cup of tea. As you listen to their conversation, try to answer these questions. l. Do Melanie and Simonhaveany brothers and sisters? 2. Do Melanie and Simonget on well with the other membersof their families? Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the conversation in the next column.

Simon:

Oh, they sound really interesting.

Melanie: Do you think so? | find my dad (3) .. . dull,to be honest. He works late every day,even works some weekends, doesn't read, d o e s n t g oo u t .l m e a n , d o n t( 4 ) . . . ......,he's (5) ... nice,but I don't know, I just don't haveanything to say to him. I think (6) . . . , we just don't spend enough time together. Simon: How old is he, then?

Melanie: About fifty-five,I think. I can never really remember. Simon: Oh, yeah.

Melanie: But my mum's lovely. She's(7) ..., a bit too nice though, sometimes,alwaystrying to look after me. She worries about me leavinghome. She's(8) . . . over-protective,if you know what I mean.I'm an (9) . . . , SO... Simon: Oh, I didn't know that.

Melanie: What? You mean you can't tell!

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l . M elanie t hink sh e r m u m i s a b i t too nice.ls it oossible to be too nicel Do you know anyonelike that? 2. Melanie is an only child.Do you know any only childrenl Which would you prefer:to be an only child or to be one of ten or eleven? 3. Do you know anyonewho comes from a really big family? How many brothers and sisters did your parentshavelWhat about their parents?

Simon:

I dont know. I've never thought about it, I suppose.

Melanie: So,what about you? Have you tot any brothers or sisters yourself? Simon: Yes,I've got one of each,( l0) .

Melanie: Oh right. Older or younger? Simon: My sister'stwo or three years younger than me, but my brother's ( | l) . . . older. He's about forty now.

Melanie: Do you get on with them all right?You havent really talked about them very much. Simon: Well, my brother,'not ( 12) . . . well, actually.He's different from me, (13) . . . old-fashioned, ( 14) . . . traditional. Well, actually, he's a bit, how can I (15) ...,right-wing.You know-thingsarentwhat they used to be, more police, death penalty - that kind of thing. H e ' s( 1 6 ) . . .fool,actually.

Melanie: Oh, well, it takes all sorts, I suppose. Simon: But my sister, she's great. We ( 17) . . same kind of ( l8) . . We've got the

Melanie: Just a pity about the brother from hell, eh? Simon: Yes.Oh, but he's not that bad. We tet on all right, as long as you steer (19) . . . of certain topics. Anyway,you were telling me about your parents.

Melanie: Oh, there's not much to tell, actually.

Real English3 the brother from helt

person.In fact,he is rather This meahsthat he is not a very pleasant The kind of neighbours who playloud musicin the middleof unpleasant. from hell! Other people'schildrencan be the night are the neighbours the childrenfrom hell!

10

1 T a l k r na gb o u tp e o p l e

U g i n gr r . a b u l a r1
1 | edlectives
ltark each of the adjectives below P or N, depending on whether you think they are positive or negative. Use your dictionary if necessary. Then discuss your answers with your partner. l. Z 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. religious traditional quiet alkative tidy laid-back conservative ambitious 9. strict 1 0 .b u s i n e s s -m i nded I l. nice 1 2 .i n d i v i d u a l 1 3 .m e s s y 1 4 .l i b e ra l 15. hard-working 1 6 .s e n s i b l e We often use more than one adjective to describe things or people. These adjectives are ofilen emphasised by using the same adverb before each adjective. It was reallycold and reallywindy. She's very nice,very interesting. It was extremelylong and extremelyboring. We can use two different adjectives with a similar meaning. He'sa bit strange, a bit weird. He'sa bit old-fashioned, a bit rraditional. It was really scary, reallyfrightening. A Listen to the six sentences above, and practise I l saying them. Now talk about the pictures below using two adjectives and the same adverb. For example: What a bike! lt's really big and reallyfast.

Underline the main stressed syllable in each tdjective. Look back at the adjectives used to describe people on page 8. Which is the most positive for you? Which is the most negative? Hd<e a list of the four most positive adjectives end the four most negative adjectives you can use about someone.

Positive

Negative

t. 2. 3. 4.

t. 2. 3. 4.

Compare your lists with a partner.

Judgingby appearances
Work with a partner. Decide what you think these people are like. Use more than one adjective for each person. Begin: Helshe looks ... Underline the adjectives and adverbs which make this dialogue sound interesting. A: Didn't you go to Turkeylastsummer? B: No, we went to Thailand. lt was reallynice,really interesting. /r: Whereaboutsdid you go? B: Well, first we went to Bangkok, which was a bit too crowded,a bit too mad for me, so we went off to the islands instead, which were reallybeautiful, really relaxing. Now describe the following to your partner in a similar way.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5.

your l asthol i day the best placeyou've ever been to food from your country your best friend your home town

11

1 T a l k i na g b o u tp e o p l e

iiaadirrg
Discuss these questions with a partnea I. 2. 3. 4. Do you haveany kids?lf so, how many? lf not, do you want anylWhy/why not? What's the best numberof childrento havel What's the best age to havethem at?

ff, Now read this text about a family with more ld chilArenthan any of your parents- the Pridhams. As you read, underline anything that surprisesyou.

EveryEnglish-speaking rhyme child knowsthe nursery aboutthe old womanwith lotsof children: Therewas an old woman who lived in a shoe. Shehad so many children she didn't know what to do. Nicola Pridhammust understand the old 'woman's predicament very well. She's expectingher twentieth child and she'sonly forty!She and her husbandKevin alreadyhavetwelvesons and sevendaughters. Kevin Pridham is a self-employed but whathe builder, earnsis not enough theirlargefamily. to feedand clothe Everyweek their grocerybill comes to f400. They go throughthirty-five loaves boxes of breadand twenty-five of breakfast cerealper week.

lf you havea child in Britaintoday,researchers have shownthat it will cost you almostf100 per weekwhen you takeintoconsideration pocketmoney food,clothes, and all the other expensesinvolvedin bringingup children. Beforethey are eighteenyou will have spent almost f100,000per child.This meansthat Nicolaand Kevin will haveto find two millionpounds!Youcan be fairly surethat the Pridham children will be handingclothes down to each other and doing odd jobs to provide themselves with pocketmoney.

Speaking
Tell a partner what surprised you about the article above. Then discuss these questions. l. 2. 3. 4. Do you know anyonewho's expecting a child at the momentl Do you know anyonewho's self-employed? What do they do? Did you ever get clothes handeddown to you? Why/why not? Do you think housewives should be paid by the state?

12

1 Talking aboutpeople

Grammar in context
Complete these sentences using the present simple or present continuous. l*rc are four ways of talking about what you do br a living. l"m | rcrk | run I do a journalist/ a civil servant/ out of work. in a factory I in lT / as a DJ. a guest house/ a restaurant. jobs / a lot of work for the BBC. cleaning l. He usually . . .(work) in the centre of town, but this week he ... (work) from home because he . . . (try) out a new computer link-up for the company. lt could be the thing of the future. 2. Don't you think John . . . (act) pretty strangely at the moment?| mean,he ... (not be) normallythat quiet.Do you think he'sOK? 3. My dad . . . (run) his own business, but he's sick at the moment,so my older brother (look after) it for a while. I think they want him to take it over eventually. 4. You . . . (not talk) about your parentsa lot. ...(you not get on) w i th them ver y well? 5. He .. .(be) very left-wing. I think he

Cornplete these sentences with a suitable E b. The first two are done for you. l. | ....+11... self-employed. L He .. .ry9fF. . in advertising. .. an architect. . .. for the government, dont you? . . as a waiter at weekends. inabank. ..abusinesswoman. . . . . unemployed ar the momenl i n th e a rmy . . b a r w o rk . a retired teacher. 3. She. . 1. You . 5. He .. 6. 1.... 7. She.. 8. My dad

6;.

actually. He .. . (be / still) annoyed with me for forgetting his birthdaylast year.

1::': ;l::iff:iiT::[:;::ilff'
.works .isworking.... .....atthe

9. M y br ot he r :... 10. I s om et im e s ... I l. lL He . . My mother . .. .

Now complete these pairs of sentences with information which is true. 7. My.. My.. moment.

job. . . the occasional design onaboat. ..herown business.

13. 1.... 11. She..

Speaking
Ask some other students in the classabout their jobs and/or their parents' jobs. Who has the most interesting job?The most stressful? The most unusual?

8. I get on very well with . I'm not gettingon yery well with the moment. 9. My.. .lives in... My . . moment. . i s l i vi ngi n .. .

. .. at

at t he

For more information on the present simple and present continuous,see G2.

Grammar discussion
With a partner, discuss the difference in meaning between the verb forms in these sentences. la. My dad works for the BBC as a cameraman. lb. My dad'sworking in Manchester this month. 2a. | find my dad a bit dull. He's only interested in making money. 2b. I'm findingmy job a bit boring at the momenc 3a. He evenworks some weekends. 3b. He's working this weekend.He's finishing off a specialreport. 4a. My mum is a reallynice person. 4b. She'sbeing reallynice at the moment.I wonder why! 5a. Do you tet on with them all right? 5b. Are you getting on with them OK again? In the examples aboye, underline the time expressions used with the present continuous.

Reol Englisht pretty

The adjectivepretty meansbeautifulor artractive. As an adverb it means fairly. I'm pretty goodot bodminton. He's oaing prefty strongely. \s there an)th\ngyou're prettt good atl.

present Famous tenses

These two famous quotations use the present simple. Which is your favourite? l. Freedomis the right to tell people what they do not want to hear. 2. Foreigners havesex lives; the English havehot water bottles. Here are some famous sayings. When would you say them? 3. What goes up must come down. 4. An elephantnever forgets. 5. lt never rains, but it pours. 6. You'remakinga mountainout of a molehill.

13

iizaCirtu
While
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Who are the most infamous in your criminals countrylTellyour partner as much as you can about them. 2. Can you think of any examples of an infamous kidnappingl An infamous An infamous murder? robbery? An infamousterrorist act? 3. How would you feel if your parentswere involved i n c r im el You are now going to read about a son being reunited with his infamous father. When you have read the text, answer these questions. l. Why hasBronsonspentso long in prisonl 2. How did his son feel about meetinghim? 3. How realistic are their plansfor their future?

(urprise for JcrilfDird Dcrd

a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a a o o a a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a o o o a o
There are many happy stories about children being reunitedwith the famousparentsthey did not know they had, but perhapsone of the most unusualis that of a twenty-five-year-oldchef from Liverpool, who was recentlyinformedof the fact that the fatherhe hadnever known wasactuallyone of Britain's mostdangerous men. Originally jailed for robbery and burglary, Charles Bronsonhasspenttwenty-twoof the lasttwenty-sixyears in prison.Much of this is because he hasrepeatedly taken jail hostages in and attacked fellow inmates.He is a man of incrediblephysicalstrengthand hasa terrible temper. He hasalreadycaused over half a million pounds'worth of damage to prisonpropeny andhashadto be movedto a special secure unit, costingthe taxpayerover f60,000a year. Twenty-fiveyearsago,he became a father,whenhis son, Michael,wasborn. However,he split up with the boy's motherwhenhe began later. a prisonsentence threeyea.rs Last year, though,an old friend managed to track down Bronson'sson in Liverpool.The newsthat his fatherwas the infamous'most dangerous man in Britain' obviously cameasa total shockto the son,who nevertheless decided to get in touch with his father.When Bronsonfirst heard from Michael,he said: 'I was on a missionof madness, now I'm on a missionof peace. All I wantto do now is get homeandhavea pint with my boy.' Whenthe two men finally met in prison,Michaelsaidthat he got on like a houseon fire with his father.'I gavehim a greatbig hug.It wasvery nice to finally meethim after all theseyears.Peopleget the wrong impression of him from the media.He's not as badas they makeout. He's actuallya very sensitive and talentedguy.' Interestingly, the factsdo backup this claim,because aswell ashavinga reputationfor violence,Bronsonalsohasa reputationfor his cartoons andpoetry. He's beenattempting to havehis work published, but the prison authorities have stood in the way of any suchplan,because they don't wanthim to profit from his crimes. Michaelalsocommented on the fact that he andhis father looked very similar, except for his dad's large bushy beard.Bronsonhimselfsaid:'I'm delighted to be back in touchwith my son.It's takentwenty-twoyearsto get him backinto my life.' When Charles Bronsonis eventuallyreleased, father and son want to open up a restaurant. Mike plansto be the chef - while Bronson intendsto be the securityon the plans,however, door! These may haveto be put on holdit seems that old habitsdie hard.Only last week,Bronson wasinvolvedin yet anotherviolent incidentand an early looks increasingly release unlikely. If you would like to know more about Charles Bronson's amazing life, a biographyis currentlybeingwritten abouthim. You can readit with a clearconscience because any profits will be goingto charity.

14

Friends and relatrves

Speaking
these questions with a partner.

Use two of the idioms to tell a partner about two people in your life.

f*cuss

t- Would you be interestedin readinga biographyof

CharlesBronson? Why/why notl

Body idioms
The Real English note on page 9 explained a pain in the neck. Circle the correct word in the body idioms in these sentences. l. My car'son its lastfeet / legs. I'vealready started lookingfor a new one. 2. Haveyou seen Paula's new laptopl I bet it cost her an arm and a l eg/ hand.

L Do you think lockingpeopleup for a long time is a

good idea?

3. \A/hateffect does prison haveon people? What about

dreir familiesl 4- Can you think of any alternatives to prisonl

Vocabularycheck

3 . I'm under a lot of pressure at work. My bossis

breathing down my back/ neck all the time. 4. I'm afraidI'vejust put my foot / mourh in it. I'vejust saidsomething to Kate without realising she and Petehavesplit up.

Corrrplete these sentences with words from the text l- lf you haven'tmet someonefor fifty years,it can be a yery emotionaloccasion when you are

5. When Frankslippedon that banana skin,I

nearly laughedmy legs/ head off. 6. Yes, it was funny, wasn't itl I tried to keep a straightmouth I face, but it was impossible. 7. lf you'reworried about something, tell me - it's far better to ger it off your chest / back. 8. I can't even havea morning off. I'm up to my eyes/ nose in work. Can you translate the eight idioms above into your language?

L lf you are found guiltyof breaking into someone's

home and stealing from them, you are guilty of

3 . Sometimes one country tries to put pressure on

anothercountry by takingsome of its citizens . . . . S o m e t i m ets hese are killed;sometimes money hasto be paidfor their release. 1. lf you are famousfor something bad or evil,you are

5. lf you put your arms round someone, you are giving

t h e ma . . . . 6. lf a beardis . . . . it meansthat it is large and v er y t hic k- l i k ea b u s h !

Speaking
When was the last time you ...
a a

7. lf you can'tcarry out a plan immediately because of

some problem, you haveto put the planon

put your foot in ir?why? What did you say? found it impossibleto keep a straight face? bought somethingthat cost an arm and a leg?

8. ff you give awaythe money you makefrom something

to a good cause, the profits go to

UsirtEJ"-,1'cbdar 1
ldiomsfocus
Michaelsaid he got on like a houseon fire with his father. Complete the idioms in these sentences with momen( eye, wavelength and close.

t . We argueabout everything.We simplydon't see eye

to... .onanything.

2. T h e r e ' s n e v e r ad u l l

....in our house. There'salways something goingon!

3 . I get on reallywell with my mum. We're really 4. It's incredible. Althoughmy gran is in her seventies,
we reallyare on the same

15

2 Friends and relatives

Complete these dialoguesusing the adjectives in brackets in the comparative form.

Comparatives:
In the article that you read about Charles Bronson, his son, Michael, said that his dad is not as bad as the media make out. Make six more examples of sentences that use this structure. Match the sentence beginnings l-6 to the endings a-f.

t.

Did I hear you sayyou've got a new bike? What's it like? B: Brilliant!lt's I l00cc, so it's much than my old one. l'll take you out on it next week sometime,if you like.(powerful) What's their new flat like?ls it nicel it's much . . . than their old Lovely, one and it's not nearly (big,dark)

2.

t . I dont see my mum 2. I'm not as close to my older brother 3 . I don't get on as well with my sister 4. He's not as serious 5 . She'snot as old 6. We don't get on with them now as well
a. as she looks.

J J J -J J J

3. A: What's your new teacher like?ls he all rightl ... ... . as B: Y eah, he' sOK but he' snot . .
I mean, he'sclearand our last one,Jane. . . . than Jane. but he's everything, We used to havea laughwith her. lt was just fun) . . . with her.(good,serious, Was there much 4. A: How was your journey? trafficl

b. as I do with my brother. c. as I am to my younger. d . as often as I see my dad. e . as we used to. f. as he seemswhen you first meet him.

B: Yeah, it was awful!We thought it would be

. . . taking the motorway than the way we came last time, but it was much . .. . We were stuck in this terrible traffic jam for about an hour. (quick,slow) didnt you?Was 5. A: You went to LakeComo again, it nice?

Now complete these sentencesin ways that are true for you. 7. I'm not asclose to my . . . . as I am to

B: Yeah, it was OK, but it was a bit .

than I remember it being.(touristy)

think. . assomepeople 8. I'm not as.. . to. 9. I dont see.. .. asoftenasI used 10. My dad's not as . . . . as he mightseem. looks. I l. . . . . isnt asold ashe/she Now explain what you have written to your partner. Have you ever got the wrong impression of someone when you first met them?

What do you think touristy means?

with the past Comparing the present

We often compare the present with the past. For example, we often compare recent experiences with past ones. Look at these examples: A: How's the new carl B: Great! Honestly, it's much easierto park than the old one, now we've got power steering. A: How was the holiday? Was the weather OK? B: Yeah,it was treat. lt was much better going in May. It wasn't as hot as the last time and there were fewer tourists about.

F r i e n d sa n d r e l a t i v e s

Pronunciation:
The sound we call 'schwa'/ / is used for most rnstnessed vowel sounds. In the sentences betow, tfp stressed words or syllables are underlined. llost of the other syllables are unstressed. Try to sey this sentence stressing the underlined words. k's much better than it usedto be. Hqr practise saying these sentences.

U s i n gIg:ailu Iar1
Michael's parents split up. There are lots of phrasal verbs with up. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the verbs in the box. fiil cheer mix
get

look

pick

l- lt's better than my old one. L lt's better than it was before.

t . lf the ticketsgo on saleat nine,we'd better

. . . up early and be there by eight.

3- lti biggerthan the last one. 1- lt's much more touristy than it usedto be. 5. lt's much cheaperthan it usedto be. 6- lt was quicker than last time. 7. lt wasnt as good as the last time we wenl 8. lt wasn't as good as I remembered. 9. lt's not as good as it used to be. fl tl Now listen and check your pronunciation. Then tisten again and repeat the sentences.

2. l'll . . .

you up in the car aroundsevenand we can go into town and havea bite to eat. . .up! lt's not the . up the end of the world!

3 . You look reallysad!. 4. l'll just go to their websiteand . .

times of their flightsto Zurich.

5 . We can
leave.

... up with petrol beforewe

I always .......... up Petewith his brother Ed. They look so similar.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Can you think of three reasons why couples split up? 2. Can you think of three thingsyou could do to cheer yourselfupl 3. What kind of thingscan you look up?

What do you think it means in each of the sentences above? How many of the sentences above can you use to talk about things that are true for you? Compare with a partnen Who can use the most sentences?

Speaking
Discuss these questions in groups of three. Try to use as much of the grammar from this unit as you can. Spend five minutes planning what you want to say first. l. How do you like the flat/houseyou're livingin now, comparedto placesyou lived in beforel 2. What's the best placeyou've ever lived in?Why? What made it so good? 3. ls your city better or worse than it used to be ten yearsagol In what way? 4. ls your country better or worse than it used to bel In what wayl 5. Can you think of anythingthat you found a bit disappointing the second time around- a place, a film, a book, a restaurant?
For more information on comparatives. see G3.

Friends and relatives

T a l k i n ga b o u t d i s a s t e r s
What do you think has happened in these pictures? With a partner, discuss in which picture each of the following is most likely to be said. l. Everyone's been evacuated.

2 . lt all jus t happ e n e d so suddenly. 3. My car'sbeentotallyturned upsidedown. 4. Everything's been smashed to pieces. 5. Luckily, no one'sbeen hurt. 6. lt's balanced right on the edge. 7. Everything's gone up in flames. 8. lt's spreadvery quickly. 9. lt couldgo ar any minute. 10. lt destroyed everything in its path. I l . lt ' s done m illio n s o f p o u n d sw ' o rth o f d a ma ge. 12. They'restill trying to pur it out. 13. Our roof was blown off.

_l -J
j

-J -J -J -J _i -J
I

_t

I -J

Speaki ng
Have there been any natural disasters in your country? When? What happened?

18

2 Friends and relatives

5 i Givinq bad news

l J

Real Englisht haveit put down

lf an animalis seriously ill or badlyinjured, you take it to the vet and he puts it down.Another way of saying this is he puts it to sleep.

llotke how the highlighted expressions warn rlc other person that bad news is coming. I haven'tseen Mary for ages. How is she? & Oh, haven't you heardl Shewas made redundant last month. Oh, that'sawful.She must'vebeen reallyupset.
I

: Howl your motherl & Well, actually, she passed awaylast month. : Oh, I om sorry to hear that. ls your father all right?
Oh yes,he seemsto be copingvery well.

lmagine you live in one of the places shown in the pictures on page 18. A friend has rung you, not knowing what has happened. Give them the bad news. For example:
A

: :

Can John make it to the partyl l'm afraid not. We're no longer together. Oh, I'm sorry about that. ls everythingOK?

Hello,is that you,Jack?This is Ron in Sydney.

B: Hi, Ron,how are thingsdown under?

A Well, actually, it's like an inferno.Everything's on fire.

H.ke short dialogues by matching the questions l-f to the answers a-h.

T h e b u s h. . . t r e e s. . . h o u s e s And are you all rightl For the time being, I think we are. Now change partners. Think of five questions your friend might ask you about the terrible situation you are in.

t - Can you give me a lift home?

Do you think I could get that cameraback off 'ou sometimesoon?

3. Haveyou heard from Janrecendy? 1- ls your grandfatherany better? 5. So,has Peter had his resultsyet? 6- Are you feelingall right,Steve? 7. Hello,how are youl & I thought you had a dog.
1

-J -J J -J -J -J -l J

t. 2. 3.

.........? ........ I. .........1

I I

I'm afraid not. We're very worried about him. But then, he is ninety.

b. Oh, fine thanks.Well,actually, I think I'm gemingthe flu, so I'd stayawayif I were you. I don't know how to put this,but I think I lost it last night while I was out. I'm reallysorry, but I've searched everywhereand I can't find it. l'll 8et you another one. I'm extremely sorry. d We did. But unfortunately, it ran out into the street and was run over.I'm afraidwe had to haveit put down. e. I'm sorry, I'm afraid I can't.I lost my licence lastweek - had a bit too much to drink and tot stopped by the police! Well, actually, I haven't- not for about six months - we had a bit of an argumentlast year. Well, actually, no. I've just had some very bad news.
h . Well,yes,I'm afraidhe has. He didn't pass-

Now role play a similar conyersation to the one you've just had. This time, use a different picture and the questions above.

so he'sgot to re-sit part of his examsin July. A lJ C" back and undertine the expressions used to introduce the bad news. Now listen and check your answers. Then work in pairs reading the dialogues.

tJiirt7 tr.AIrdar 1
Which of the following do you like doing in your free time? Mark each one in this way: O S N if you do it often if you do it sometimes if you never do it

_J J J J J -J J _J J J J J -J J

listening music to classical goingto see bands goingc l u b b i n g playing an instrument reading working out at a gym watching videos goingto art exhibitions goingto an evening class playing a sport eatingout goinground junk shops playing computergames like that t'ai chi or something

ll, t
l. rl
h-s

i Real Englishr junk

Junkis stuff of little valuewhic you consideruseless, for example,old furniture,books, CDs, or other thingsyou have no use for.

Use your dictionary to translate any yocabulary you are unsure of. Find out what you have in common with your partner.

20

3 Yourrnterests

Not as often as I used to

questions
How- questions are useful for asking for more information. How much did it cost? How long did it take youl How difficultwas itl Make how- questions by adding an adverb, an adjective, or a quantity word like much to these questions. l. A How . . did it take you to learnto playthe guitar as well as thatl B: About ten years.I started when I was really young, though. How . . is your work from your homel B: About an hour'sdrive,I think.

A Listen to June,a bus driver, talking about how tl stre spendsher free time. As you listen, cnplete the time expressionsshe uses below.

2. A

3. A : H ow .. di d you move here? B: Oh, agesago.In fact,I've forgotten how long! 4. A H ow .. doesdi nnerusually cost you? B: lt varies, but I suppose about tB or t9.

l. L 3, 45. 6. 7. 8.

Not all t hat . All the Not as .. a s I' d l i k eto . A bout ..fo rtn i g h t. .. I can. 4... .....oftimes ayear. Hardly Notasoftenasl.. ......to.

5. .A: So how .. haveyou been learning E ngl i shl B: EversinceI can remember. I startedwhen I was really reallyyoung.

6. .\, H ow .. canyou speak C hinese? B: I guessI'm OK, but I could be better.

7. ,ri.

H ow .. i s i t to l earnC hi n ese? B: Some people sayit's the most difficult language to learn as a foreigner.

Practise saying the eight expressions above.

8. ;\ How . . do you go away, then? B: Everycoupleof months,I suppose,

providingI've got the money.

3 i How often do you ...?

Ask and answer with a partner. When you answer, try to use some of the expressions in Exercise 2. H ow of t en do y o u ... l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I l. 12. haveyour hair cutl get up early on Saturdays? see your parents/grandparentsl cook in the eveningsl work in the evenings? seeyour best friend? havefriendsround for dinnerl read in Englishl watch films in Englishl buy presents for friends? go awayfor the weekend? go to the cinemal

9. A : H ow
team?

.. peopl edo you needin a

B: Usually it's eleven, but you can also playwith five.

t 0 . A: How

. . are you about your examsl B: Very! But I'm trying not to think about them too much!

Now write questions you would like to ask a partner. Then work in pairs to find the answers. l. Howmuch 2. Howoften 3. Howlongago 4. Howfaraway 5. Howdifficult 6 . H o we a s . y 7. Howmany .........1 .........? ......1 ......? ....... ? . . . . . . . . .? .........1

21

3 Yourinterests

L . i ' [? t t ! ft g
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you havemuch in common with the rest of your familyl What interestsdo you share? 2. Do you think men and women tend to be interestedin different kindsof things? 3. ls it best to marry someone who... . sharesall your interests? . sharesnone of your interests? . sharesa few of your interests, but hassome of their own? 4. ls there something you would really like to be able to do, but havenot yet had the opportunity to do?

So what shall we do tonight?

Dan: So what do you feel like doing tonight?Any ideasl Helena: Well, I'd quite like to see a film, or, I don't know see if there'sany good bandsaround,if you're into bands. Dan: (l) .. Yes, that'san idea. musicdo you like,then? you know,a lot of pop and I quite like blues Helena: Oh, all sorts, really, and iazz and (2) Dan: Oh, reallylI'm more into dancemusicmyself, so maybe... Helena: Well, (3) . . , we could alwaysgo and see a film. I like realb/scarythings. Dan: What?You mean like Holloween? Helena: Yes, that kind of thing,and I also (4) . . action movies, you know,car chases, gulS,bombs,anythingthat's fast and exciting. Dan: Oh, right.Tobe honestwith you, I'm not really(5) .. violentfilms.

Helena: You'rekidding!And I thought this was goingto be the perfect relationship! Dan: (6) .. ! But it doesnt sound like we'vegot all that much in common,really, does it? Let me think. Well, I suppose we (7) ls that the new placethat's just opened? . . going clubbing, thenl OK. Why notl Do you go much yourself? . . , actually.A couple of times a year,I guess. Oh, me too now,but I ( l0) . . a lot more when I was younger- almost every weekend. The thing was,though,it just got to me after a while, staying out dancing all night and then having to go to work ( | l) . . in the morning. I'm gettinga bit too old for it now. l don' t know .(12). .get a vi deoand a curry,and have in in front of the telly? a nice quiet evening . . go clubbing.

Helena:Oh come on, there must be something we can do! Dan: Dan: Dan: Dan: Helena: What? Somewherelike Paradox? A ll Dan and Helena have only iur. started going out together. They are not finding it easy to decide what to do with their evening. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to decide which of these statements is the most accurate. l. They havenothingin common. 2. They havelots in common. 3. They havelessin common than they think! Listen again and complete the gaps in the conversation. just last week. Right,so (8) Helena: Yes, Helena: No, (9)

Helena: Oh, well, that'sthat off the menu,then! So,what shallwe do then? Dan:

Helena: Oh, you'vegot to be joking!We're not in our gravesyet. I mean, that'sthe kind of thing my parentsare probablydoing ( | 3) . . ! Look, it's not what I'd normallydo on a Mondaynight,but let'sgive clubbinga go! lt might be a laugh.

Recll Englisht The thingwas...

This is a naturalway to add extra detailsor an explanation. The thing is ... introduces a problem, an excuse, or a difficulty of some kind.

Speaking
Do you and your friends eyer have problems trying to decide what to do in the evenings? At what age are you too old to go clubbing? Twenty-five? Thirty? Forty? Never?

3 Yourinterests

U g i n g'laca!, ular 1
| | Agreeing
f n share someone's interests, we can say: or or : I really love classical music. & Really?What's your favouritepiece? So do l. Who's your favouritecomposerl Me too! Especially Mozart. lf we do not share someone's interests, we often soften the way we express this. Notice how really is used in these examples: A: I reallylove classical musicand opera. B: Oh, do you?I'm not reallyvery keenon it myself . or It's not reallymy kind of thing,I'm afraid. or I don't reallylike thingslike that. Without really, these statements would sound quite strong and even rude. Make short dialogues by matching the statements l-6 to the responses a-f.

When we agree with a negative idea, we say: s I dont reallylike classical music. & Neither do l. or Me neither.

2 | Grammar in context
For each of these statements only two responses -t cor?ect. Cross out the incorrect one in each tlorrP.

l - A I reallylove Mexicanfood. B: So do l. / Me too. / So havel. lt's great,isnt itl L { : I don't reallylike much modern fashion. B: Neither do l. / Me neither. / Me too. lt's dreadful. 3- A: I'm not reallykeen on big Hollywood movies. B: Neither do l. / Neither am l. / Me neither.They're
so predictable. 1- A: I've seenall the Bond films. B: So havel. / Neither havel. / Me too. Someare better than others. 5- A: ld love to go to Africa sometime. B: So do l. / So would l. / Me too. lt soundsamazing. 6- A: I hate most classical music. B: Me too. / Me neither. / So do l. lt doesn'tdo anythingfor me, I'm afraid.

-J J fun,that's what I really like doing. 3 . I'm really interestedin politics. J 4. f'm reallyinto older music,you know,before 1967. J 5 . My favouritekind of thingsare comicsand cartoons. J 6. I'm reallyinto roller-blading. lt's a bit like roller-skating. J
l. I love nearlyall winter sports.

2. Going out with a crowd of friends and having

a. Oh, it's not really my kind of thing,I'm afraid.I don't really understand what makesall the partiesdifferent. They all seem the sameto me! b. Really? I'm not reallyvery keen on them, myself. I once broke my leg skiingand it put me off - for life! c. Are you? lt's not reallymy kind of thing.I'm always worried I might get hurt. d. I don't really like things like that myself. I dont see the point of them. I prefer a good novel - the longer the better! e. Are you? I'm not reallythat keen on anythingbefore | 980. f , Do you? lt's not really my kind of thing,I'm afraid. I prefer to go out with just one or maybetwo people. I hate crowds. Now listen and notice how att the responses ff f d Si". extra information. Go back and underline all uses of really. All the language in this course is carefully chosen to help you to learn useful natural English. Complete these collocations from the exercise above. l. 2. 3. 4. winter..... 5. have..... 6. interested.....politics 7. l t ' sn o t m y . . . . . o f t h i n g .8 . get..... classic .a . .l. . l d o n ' t s e et h e . . . . . o f i t . lt.....me off.....life.

Auxiliaryverb practice
lJse So + auxiliary + I or Neither + auxiliary + I b agree with the following. l. L 3. 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. I prefer coffeewithout milk. I dont like thingsthat are too sweet. I'm goingto stay in tonight and do nothing. I've just booked my summer holiday. I nevergo abroad. I'd love to meet someonereallyfamous. I was born in Australia. I can't stand sea water. For on see

Reol Englisht What kind of fitmsare

you into? lf you are into something, you are very interestedin at. She\ reollyinto heolthfood. Heb into okernotivemedicine. Tell your partner about somethingyou're reallyinto. Do you like doing these activities or not? Discuss with a partner using expressions from this page. Explain why. golf surfing snorkelling football cycling skiing tennis singing

23

3 Yourinterests

i'-7rrl':(,?l
? d . . . : )

Are you a bag person?

carrier bags.You have Come on, admit it! You can't resistclassy which you some cheapand nastybagsfrom the localsupermarket put your rubbishin. But somewhere at homeyou'vegot a collection of bagsthat you wouldn't part with for the world. An Armani bag? Shop at A Guccione? Or maybe it's that one from the Duty-Free Kuala Lumpur Airport? They prove that you're the sort of person y o u ' d l i k et o b e . a London gallery held an exhibitionto celebratethe Recently, to designa carrierbag. They askedthirty top artistsand designers carrierbag for thirty shopswhich took part in the exhibition.The we are all secret it seems success because show was a tremendous Some people go into expensivedesigner carrier bag collectors. thing - just to get one of their bags. shopsand buy the cheapest Others don't even bother buying anything.They just ask straight lt seems that it's not the bag out for a free bag for their collection. That's why we throw away our we want. lt's what it represents. and Marks and Spencer bags, but make sure our Tesco boring or LouisVuitton onesremainin perfectcondition. Harrods

Look at the examples below of two people talking about hobbies and interests they had in the past, but don't have any m or e. S peak er l: I u s e dto c o l l e c t like canswhen I was younger, I livednear the sea coke cans. and I'd find them on the beach. I grew out of it after a while and I can't rememberwhat happened to all the cans. Speaker 2: I usedto havea train but I just set when I was younger, lost interestin it once I got into music. Think of two hobbies you used to have when you were younger. Tell your partner as much as you can about them. Try to use the following: l . I us edt o c olle c t I kept them when I was younger. I g r e wo u t in a .. of it when I was yearsold. 2. I usedto play I was younger. . . when

When we ask about people's interests and hobbies, we often ask the question: What do you do when you'renot or working/studyingl What do you do in your free tim e/ s par e t im el It sounds a bit strange if you ask: W hat ar e y our h o b b i e s ?

trl -.

u
&
EI

f r Now read the text about I ?' collecting.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partnen l. 2. 3. 4. Where did it come from? carrier bag? Which is your most treasured What makesa classycarrier bag? Do you collect anythingelsewhich might seem strangeto other people? Do you ever wear any designerclotheslWhy/why notl

24

3 Yourinterests

Llsln vof,abu lary

i r l ldioms focus
Ccnplete the idioms in the sentences below with & words in the box. -counting c uP .
a

Expressions with
Complete the sentences below with the expressions in the box. it's just not the done thing it's just one of those things for one thing . . . the thing is one thing after another t dont know the first rhingabout

t_ I must admit,I dont reallylike this kind of music.

hi not really my . . of tea.

L lf you're into action movies, you reallyshouldgo and

see Explosiye Device. lt should be right up your

t . I've had such a dreadfulday.lt's just been

. . sinceI got up.

2. I don't know why you're askingme. .

cars. Ask Mark.

3. You like Disneymovies!| can't believe it! Oh well,

eachto their .

3 . A: I'm sorry to hear you'velost your job.

B: Yes, well,. all see it coming. , I guess.We could

- blue cheese. My favouritekind of food is cheese I know it's an acquired You'reinto techno musiclWell,there'sno . . for taste,I suppose.

4. Whateveryou do when you'rein Indonesia, don't use

your left handto offer or take things. 5 . I ' d l o v et o c o m ew i t h y o u ,b u t , . ......., I've alreadyagreedto go out with Samantha. 6. A: So why don't you like him,thenl B: Well, . . , you cant trust anythinghe says, and for another,he'sa bit of a show-off Thing/things is a useful word in English. Find three more thing expressions you like in a dictionary. Tell your partner what you have chosen and why.

Dletch the idioms l-5 above to their meanings .d. 1 Different people like differentthings.(two idioms)

b. I don't really like that kind of thing. c- I'm sure you'd like it. d. lt's somethingyou learn to like gradually.

Speaking
Ask and answer these questions with a partner. Try to use some of the idioms in Exercise I above when responding. l. What kind of food do you like? 2. What kind of thingsdo you usually do at the weekend? 3. What kind of musicare you into? 4. What kind of things do you like watchingon TVI 5. What kind of films are you into? 6. What kind of thingsdo you like doing in class? 7. What kind of restaurants do you like goingto? 8. What kind of thingsdo you like reading? L 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. usingyour left handto passthings burpingafter dinner startingto eat before everybodyelse blowingyour nose in public asking how much someoneearns women smoking livingtogether before you're married

Speaking
Are any of the following just not the done thing in your country? Discuss with a partner.

Think of three things you don't know the first thing about. See if anybody in the class can teach you a bit about them!

25

Go back and underline the time expressionsin the sentences l-8. Then decide if these time expressionsfit best into pattern a or b. Tell a partner which of these things you enjoy doing.
a a a a o a a a a a a o a o a a

whenever I can most of my evenings all my Saturdaymornings as often as I can

all my life half my life quite often onTuesdays

planning your summer holidays playingthe piano/viol in/guitar helping homeless people raisingmoney for sick animals phonecards, collectingthings (e.g.stamps, etc.) goingfolk dancing going to the theatre studyinga foreign language going campingor youth hostelling going abroad surfingthe net gardening or visitinggardens mountaineering or hill-walking reading paintingor drawing singing or acting

Now complete these sentences about your own interests. 9. lgo. 10. I go . ..almosteyeryweek. . . quite a lot in the summer.

I l. I spendmost Sundays 12. I sometimesfeel like I spendhalf my life

Tell a partner what you have written.

The -ing form as a noun

We can use the -ing form to talk about an activity which is the subject of a sentence. Mountaineering can be pretq/ dangerous. Use your own ideas and the ideas in Exercise I to complete these sentences in pairs. For example, the answer to number one might be ballroom dancing. What do you think? l. . . . is all right for old people, but not for people in their twenties.

Complete these sentences with the ideas aboye. l. No wonder John's eyesare so sore.He spendshis whole lif e. . 2. This Frenchfriend of mine'sjust got backfrom NewYork where he spent most of the winter . . at a school in Brooklyn. 3. Kevinfeelsvery stronglyabout animalrights. He spends a lot of time . 4. Pedro wants to be the next Pavarotti. He spendsall his free time . 5. His mother really lovesher plantsand flowers. Shespends all her time . 6. I've spent ages. ., and I'm finallyoff in three days.Two weeks in the sun! 7. Bill hasjust splashed out f 100on these new boots. You know he goes .. nearly every weekend,dont you? 8. Marie works with poor people in the inner city. She spendsevery Saturday night at a hostel in the city centre. Did you notice the two different kinds of -ing patterns in the sentences l-8 above? a. I go ...1n9+ time expression + time expression +...-ing b. I spend

2. I know ... can be very dangerous, but there's no need to ban it, just because some people get killed every winter. 3. 4. the money. 5. 6. 7. 8. men. Now compare your ideas with your classmates. . .. is more usefulthan learning Chinese unless, of course,you happento be Chinese! . .. is a very worthwhile thing to do. . . . is something I've alwayswanted to do, but I've just never had the time. ... is all right for women,but not for . . . aroundthe Greek islands in the summer is great fun. . . . is all right if you'vegot the time and

I
26

U n u s u a lr n t e r e s i s

beil

English3 atright/ al right

lr British English some people write alright as one rord. Others write it as two. Writing it as one word -nds to be more informal.In this course it is always rrrnren as two words.

Make short dialogues using the words in brackets and the pattern you have just seen. Then practise the dialogues with a partner. l. ''i. I'm reallyinterested in boxing. B: (watch it / box yourselQ No way!You'd nevercatchme in the ring! No, I just love watchingit.

All right

2.

I reallyloveAmericanfootball. B: (watch I play) "' Oh, I'm in a team. We playevery Sunday.

;fr&e short dialogues by matching the questions c comments | -7 to the responses a-9. Each Cdogue contains a different use of all right.

')
t

Are you feelingall right now? l'm reallynervousabout makingthe speech. ls everything all right,sir? Shallwe take the car?

1. ls your coffeeall right?

5" Justlistento that wind. I hate flyingin weather

lik et his !
7 . ls it all right if I borrow your video for the

weekend?
t- Well,actually, it's a bit cold.

-J -J J -J -J J J

3. "

I reallylove Chinese food. B: (go to Chineserestaurants / make it yourself)

come round sometime. 4. ;t I'm reallyinto art. B: (go to galleries i paintyourself) No, I wish I could paint.I just like goinground gal l eri es. I'm very interested in culture. (youth culture/ Beethoven and thingslike that) Well,all sorts.Fashion, music, dance, clothes, anything, really.

Yes, thanks.The room's perfect. Yes, thanks. I'm much better. Yes, all right.lt'll be quickerthan the train.
e. Yes, sure - so long as you're carefulwith it.

Don't worry, it'll be all right on the night. goingto be all right. 5- Now, calm down. Everything's Practise reading out the dialogues with a partner. Then cover the responses a-g. Your partner will read out the questions and comments l-7. See if you can remember the exact responses.

4 | More -ingforms in use

Good listeners check they understand what is being said to them. This encourages the speaker to give more information. You might have to interrupt to do this. Look at the following yery u s ef ul' c hec k in g ' te c h n i q u e .

Whatl Do you meanjust listening to it or actually playing an instrument? Both, really. I playthe drums in a band at weekendsand I've got pilesof CDs at home.

27

4 Unusua l terests in

i'-?ading
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l . Do y ou t hink m e n a n d w o me n are treated equallyin your society? Why/why not? 2. Shouldwomen be allowedto do exactlythe samesports and jobs as m enl l-

It's a man's world?

ot the last thirty yearu,we've been told that the war of the sexesis over that women now have equal rights with men.To try to prove this, J-and I some have pointed to the way in which women have reached the highest offices. Mrs Thatcher, for example, led Britain for thirteen years, whilst many other countries have also recently elected their first female leaders. In the traditionallymale-dominated world of sport, women have also made great progress.In kick-boxing, for instance,two young Scottishwomen have forced their way into the British team. whilst many conseruative commentators may disapprove,Kate Kearney and TeresaDewan are proud of the fact that they can not only take on men, but can even beat them. ,\^/e usually give them a good fight' said reresa, 'but a man never likes to be beaten by a woman. They usuallygo off in a huff afterwards.You should see their faces!' However, several recent news stories have highlighted the fact that women are still being discriminatedagainst in all areas of life. A suruey last year showed that on averagewomen earn 300/o lessthan men and that in many companies, there is still a glassceiling,preventingwomen from getting the top iobs.As if this wasn't bad enough, evidencealso suggeststhat women do more than their fair shareof the work in the home. Women today have the burden of having to go out and fight for their rights in the workplaceand are then still expectedto come home and cook and clean. Sadly,despite the success of women like the Scottishkick-boxers,sexism is also still alive and well in sport. The unofficialworld women's lightweight boxing champion,Jane Crouch,is today waiting to hear whether the British Boxing Board of Control GBBO will allow her to continue her career:The BBBC is deciding whether women boxerswill be allowed to box officiallyor whether they will have to remain in the shadowyworld of unofficialboxing. Miss Crouch could expect to earn around 100,000 a year if she is given a licence. However, there has been much opposition to the spectacte of women in the boxing ring. There was laughter at the BBBC inquiry this week when it was suggestedthat women should not be licensedto box becausethey were biologicallyand emotionallyunstable. To counter these arguments, Miss Crouch's lawyer, Dinah Rose, said ,\A/e sarcastically: are all taking a hell of a risk allowing women to pilot aeroplanes,aren't we? Perhapsall women airline pilots should be tested to see if they suffer from emotional instability.' 'l would certainly want research on that, if I were responsible for them,' replied Adrian Blackson,the BBBc's chief medical officer. And perhaps we should alsosay that only men are stableenough to look after children,'Miss Roseasked, to which Mr Blacksoncould only respond by saying, That's an interestingquestion.' Miss Rosewent on to suggest that it was men who were more likely to be unstable,to commit violent crimes or commit suicide.Mr Blackson told the inquiry that until further research had been done, the BBBCshould not allow Miss Crouch to box.

Beforeyou
You are going to read an article about the way in which women's position in British society has and hasn't! - changed. To help you understand the text better, here are a few definitions: . . . . . A licence givesyou permission to do something. lf something is a spectacle, it is strangeor interesting to watch. lf you counter an argument, you give the opposite view. lf you are unstable, you are not mentallyfit. lf you commit suicide, you kill yourself.

While you
A Now read the article and I I unaerline any examptes of discrimination mentioned.

28

Speaking

Voca bulary c h e c k
Complete these sentences with words from the text. l . A sportspersonw ho w i ns a very i mportant competitionis the 2. The placewhere boxingmatches take placeis called boxing 3. lf you saysomething which is the oppositeof what you believe, because you want to mock or insult someone, you sayit . . . . 4. lf you studysomething in detailto gainnew knowledge about it, you do . . . . on it. Now complete these sentences with words from the text. 5. Y ou can expectto ... 6. There'sa lot of srte. . f30,000 ayea r . . . . . to the proposedlandfill

Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do y ou t hink a n yo f th e th i n g sme n ti o n e d i n the ar t ic lehapp e n i n y o u r c o u n try ? 2. Do y ou t hink th e re i s d i s c ri m i n a ti oa any ng a i n st groupsof people(other than women) in your society?

5 I Comprehension check
Now answer these questions about the text. l. How do male kick-boxers reactwhen they are beatenby womenl 2. What's stopping women from gettingtop jobs in c om panies ? 3. What does BBBCstandfor? 4. Does Dinah Rosebelieve that women makebad pilot s ?

7. I think we're . . . . a big risk if we don't go to the doctor immediately. 8. lf you commit a violent to prisonfor a long time. . . . . , you shouldgo

29

U n t - r s l ailn t e r e s t s

( "
J J t ' . e J

J lt'-7. !' -. .

')'

Boxingjoke
f . P r ac t is e t elli n g th i s j o k e i n p a i rs . T h i n k a bout 0y'which words to stress and where to pause. Who tells the joke better, you or your partner? When I was a kid,we couldn'taffordaTV so one day, m y dad dr illeda h o l e th ro u g hth e w a l l ,w h i c h m e ant we could look into the housenext door. After that, we usedto watch the boxingand the wrestlingevery night . . . until we finallyrealised that the neighbours didn't havea TV either.

V i o l e n to r d a n g e r o u s ?
Make sure you understand what these sports are. Are they violent, dangerous, or both? jumping bungee water-skiing horse-racing kick-boxing hang-gliding climbing skiing canyonrnS football s c u b a -d i v i ng

snowboarding wrestling c anoeing sky-diving

Now talk about the activities above using these structures: I ' d q u i t el i k et o . . . I wouldn' t. . . ev eni f y o u p a i dme ! I' d b e s c a re d o f ... Why do you think so many people like sports like boxing or bullfighting? Have you got any dangerous interests?

30

f
:\

4 Unusual interests Here are three common expressions with U and wouldn't: You'dnever catch me in a boxing ring! I wouldnt be seendeadwearingleathertrousers! I wouldn't go parachuting even if you paid me!

Tb responses a-e use would, wouldn't or the crEacted form U. Make short dialogues by rEdring the sentences l-5 to the responses a-e. l- Im not reallyvery keen on going out tonight. L lf tou wanr a ticket, I'll get you one. 3. Could you possiblygive me a lift home? + Ive no ideawhere to go on holiday. 5. I think l'll havethe Madrascurry. 1 I rvpuld if I could,but I can't,I'm afraid. I've got to leaveearly today. lf you d rather,we could alwaysstay in instead. I dont mind either way.

-J -J -J -J J

Use them to say something amusing about yourself.

For more information on how to use would,seeG5.

Reol Englisht

Do you want a tift?

b, Well, ld quite like to go somewhereexotic. c

d. I wouldn't if I were you! lt's reallyhot! c- ThatU be great, if you could.

You ask this questionwhen you offer to take someonein your car.Look at these examples: Couldyou giveme o lift to the stotion? Youcouldn'tgiveme o lift couldyou? I'll giveyou o lift if you wonL This is differentfrom the expressionthumb a lifr, which meansthat you are hitch-hiking.

Grammar in context
Complete the sentences below with the qressions in the box. i dat'd be great if you'd rather I would if I could

Reaching decisions
With a partner,try to agree what to do in each of these situations. Use the expressions with would from Exercise l. l. An importantguestis visiting your home town. You havebeen askedto take them out and show them the best it hasto offer. What would you suggest to theml 2. You and a friend havejust won f 1,000in a lottery. How would you most like to celebrate? I'm in a real 3. You and some friends are totally broke,but want to havea nice day out tomorrow. You haveabsolutely no moneyto spend.Where would you go? Once you have reached your decisions, join up with another pair and reach a group decision.

t . A: So what do you feel like doing tonightl

B: right with you. . . go out for a meal,if that's all

L A: Do you want a lift?

B: Oh, thanks. . . . hurry to get home.

3. Look, it's not that I don't want to see you.

. . , but I just can't.I'm out of the country all that week.

1.
;;;b il ;;;;.

' ' ' so to the PartYon Your own' Well, if you could persuade Jim to come to the lecture this evening, then . . , but don't worry if you can't. A: I'm reallysorry you can't come with us tonight. B: Well, you know, . . , but I've reallygot to finishthis work. I'm reallyvery tired if that's all right. . . . . go to bed,

8.

. . come a differentweekend, that's fine. lt's all the sameto me.

Comparing
Choose the correct form. \. [m \ookrng I \ \ook for a new lob at the moment. 2. My dad is liking/ likesplaying golf a lot. 3. I ' m doing/ | d o o d d j o b s n o w a n d th e n . 4. She's running/ Sheruns her own business from home and alwayshas. 5. I'm working / | work this weekend, I'm afraid. 6. How often are you having / do you haveyour hair cut? The country is much worse than it used to be. l. lt usedto be muchtrlor / lessviolentthan it is now. 2. Peoplearen'tas rude / polite as they usedto be. 3. Unemployment is higher/ lower than it usedto be. 4. There usedto be a lot more / lesscrime than there rs now. 5. The cities aren't as cleanI dirty as they used to be. Now do the same in sentences 6-10. The country is much better than it used to be.
b. a bit too show-off

In sentences l-5, cross out the option which doesn't match the statement in the box. The first one is done for you.

M u l t i p l ec h o i c e
Choose the correct alternative.

t . H e ' s. . .
a. a bit of a show-off

2. H e ' s. . . .
a. quite fun to be with b. a bit of fun to be with 3. a. To learn English is not easy. b. Learning English is not easy. 4. t' I don't reallylike this kind of food much. B: a. Me neither. b. Me too. 5. ., I don't reallylike places with lots of people. B : a. S o do l . b . N e i th e rd o l . 6. P et es pend s a l o t o f ti m e o u t i n th e c o u n t ry ... . a. hill- wal k i n g b . to h i l l -w a l k 7. I spend ... . a. as often as I can studying b. most of my evenings studying 8. How . . . pe o p l ea re c o m i n gto n i g h t? a. many b . mu c h 9. l. Do you want to go out somewherelater on tonightl B: T c b e h o n e s t , . . . a . I'd rather just stayin b. I rather just stayin

6. lt isn't as safe/ dangerous as it usedto be. 7. Inflation usedto be much lower / higherthan it is now. 8. lt's easier/ more difficultto find a job than it used to be. 9. They'refinallyspending less/ more on healthand education than they usedto. 10. There didn't useto be nearlyas manypolicemen / drug addictson the street as there are now.

Speaking
Do you think your town/country has changed for the better or for the worse? Tell your partner what you think and why.

Conversation
Put the jumbled conversation below into the correct order. a. So,do you feel like doinganything tonight? b. Oh, really. I didn't know you had a brother. H ow ol d i s hel c. Well,actually, I'm already goingto see a film with my brother. d . You meanaction moviesand that kind of thing? e . Yeah, that kind of thing.So,what were you thinkingof doingtonight,anyway? f. And do you get on with him all right? g. Yeah, he'sgreat. We get on reallywell. He's into the samekind of films as me.

t0

swimming in the lakewhen I was younger. a I hadgo n e b. I usedto go

Compare your answers with a partner and discuss your choices.

1,,

h . About thirty-two or thirty-three,I think. I can never reallyremember. He'sa good bit older than me.

IJ J J J J J I -J

Review: Units1-4

Look back and check: Describing people

look back at the language for describing people ar pages 8, 9 and I l. Tick all the words you can rcrnember. Then ask your partner about anything you have forgotten. lfse as much of this language as possible to describe another student in the class. Can your Frtner guess who you are talking about?

Collocations
Match the verbs l-8 to the best collocatiors ?-h. l. do 2. run 3. go 4. surf 5. work 6. go away 7. get on 8. be a. for myself b. the net c. self-employed d. for the weekend e . a lot of work f. well with my family g. clubbing h . my own business

Expressions
Cornplete the sentencesbelow with the crytessions in the box. All the expressions r= fiom units l-4.
I'm afraid I can't hryent you heard I would if I could not reallykeen one of those things cheer up

Now match 9-16 to the best collocations i-p. 9. hand down 10. finishoff I l. breaki nto 12. give | 3. be stuck 14. steer clearof I 5. evacuate I6. do i. j. a rePort someonea big hug

k. religionand politics

t. the bui l di ng
m . a lot of damage n . clothes o. in a traffic jam P. the bank

t . A: Where'sJim?Hasn'the turned up yet?

B: Oh, . . . . I H e ' sb e e nt a k e ni l l a n d rushedto hospital.

L Look, it's not that I dont want to see you. I mean,

.. . . , but I just can't get awayfrom work until after seven.

Who would do each of the things in numbers 9-16 above and why?

3. A: Couldyou look aftermy kidson Friday for a few hours? B: No,sorry, doing I'm already
something else.

English
Match the statements and the questions l-8 to the responses a-h. l. What's all that noise? 2. Boxingis all right for men,but not for women. 3. Do you want a lift? 4. So,how long haveyou been collecting phonecards, then?

1. A: I'm sorry I broke your vase. B: Don't worry about it. lt's just . 5. A: So,what do you think? Do you like my new tiel B: N o ,l c a n ' ts a yl d o r e a l l ly' .m . . ........on
that colour.

6. A: . . . . ! lt's not the end of the world. B: I supposenot, but I still feel bad about it.
How many different endings can you think of to fiollow:'Oh, haven't you heard?' as in number one ebove? How many different endings can you think of to follow:'l would if I could, but...' , as in number two above?

5. Can you get there by sevenl 6. What's your little brother like then? ls he OK? 7. How do you get on with your in-laws? 8. He's great,isn't he,that new teacher?
a. That's a pretty conservativeview, isnt itl b. Do you think so?I'm not that keen on him. c . It's the neighbourfrom hell again. d . Only if you're going my way.

J J J J J J -J J

e. Pretty well, I suppose, all thingsconsidered. f. No, not really.The thing is, I'm supposed to be meeting Jim at 6.30.

g. I supposeI've alwaysbeen into it, really. h. You'rejoking,arent you? He's a pain in the neck! You have one minute to memorise the responses a-h. Now coyer Exercise 9 above. Your partner will read out the statements and questions lJ. How many responses can you remember?

33

Review : nits 1-4 U

ldioms
Make sentences with idioms by matching the beginnings l-7 to the endings a-g. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. b. c. d. e. f. lt never rains, You'remakinga mountain We don't alwayssee eye My car is on its last I'm up to my eyes lt's not really my lt's just not in work at the moment. legs. out of a m ole h i l l . the done thing. cup of tea. but it pours.

Vocabulary
Answer these questions with a partner. Then compare your answers with another pair. Who got most answers right?

-|

_J _J _J _J _l I

How do you get your drivinglicencel

are you 2. lf you want to do well in your career, ambitious or greedyl 3. Do vegetarians drink milk and eat cheesel does it meanthat 4. lf you hardlyever do something, you do it very often or very rarely? 5. Where does a retired teacherteach? 6. lf you are messy, are you tidy or untidyl or do they commit suicide 7. lf someonekillsthemself, sufferfrom suicidel do you want to 8. lf you are keen on anotherperson, with them or notl start a relationship what 9. lf someonewith red hair is calleda redhead, i s someone w i th bl ondehai r cal l ed?

8. to eye.

remember?
With a partner, note down as much as you can remember about the two texts you read in units 2 and 4.

a 10. Where are you likelyto be if you are having pi nt? I l. sort of person,how often lf you were a laid-back would you be in a huff with someone- often or hardly ever?

12. ls a biography a book someonewrites about their life? own or anotherperson's makecri mesor commi t them? 13. D o cri mi nal s 14. How do you get on with someoneif you'renot on the samewavelength? 15. A fri endof yours i s descri bed as narrow -minded. Does it meanthey are open to new ideasor are way? their ideasfixed in a negative 16. lf you haveno brothersor sisters, are you a single c h i l do r a n o n l y c h i l d ? 17. When do you needto get thingsoff your chest? a hurri cane coulddo 18. C an you thi nk of three thi ngs to a house? 19. Does a boxingmatchtake placein a ring or a squarel 20. How well do you know an acquaintancel

It's a man's world?

Now compare what you remember with another pair. Who remembers more? Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

134

Review U : n i t s1 - 4

Discuss these statements with a partner. What do you think? l. 2. 3. 4. 5. in class. I needto learn more grammarand do more grammarexercises You can saymore with vocabulary than you can with grammar. English grammaris very complicated. lt's important to know all the grammarterminology. What's more usefulwhen you go abroad- a grammar book, a coursebook, a dictionaryor a phrasebook? Whyl

Now read this text and see how the authors of this book answer the questions above.

Discuss these questions with a partnen at homel l. Do you useany books to help you study English 2. Has this text made you changeyour mind about anything? with herel Why? 3. ls there anythingyou stronglydisagree

35

Usirr vora ular 1

decisions
What is the most important decision you have ever made in your life? Did it turn out well or badly? On your own, put the following decisions in orderi from the most difficult to make ( l) to the easiest to make (8).

J -J -J I J J -J J

your job deciding to change deciding to get married decidingto start a family decidingto work abroad deciding to stop smoking decidingto get divorced deciding to move house deciding on a namefor your child
E

t.

Compare your answers with a partner. Can you think of any other tough decisions not listed above?

A ld

Now listen to these three people talking about their experiences of some tough decisions. Listen carefully and write down their decisions.

nightmare!
Check you understand the expressions in the box below. Use a dictionary to help you translate any vocabulary you're unsure of. I felt really pleasedwith myself. It was total chaos. It was a real weight off my shoulders. I couldnt stand it any more. What a nightmare! After that, it was plain sailing.

ff t/

Usten to the three people again and tick the expressions when you hear them.

Use the expressions to talk about experiences you have had.

36

5 Bigdecisions

Grammar
Ask each other these questions. Use your imagination and the past perfect continuous when you answer. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. So how come you decidedto get engaged? So what madeyou decideto buy your own flat? So why did you finallydecideto get a jobl So why did you decideto get rid of your cats? So how come you gaveup salsadancing, thenl So why on earth did you get rid of yourTV?

When we explain why we did something, we often talk about what had been happening (the past perfect continuous) before we did what we did. took at these examples: A : So why did you decideto move out of your old flad B: It was mainlybecause I hadn't been getting on with my flatmatesfor ages, so I just decidedI neededa placeof my own. A : So how come you started smoking? B: Well, all my friends had been smokingfor agesand theyd been trying to get me to start, so eventually I just gavein. Complete these short dialogues by putting the verbs in brackets in the past perfect continuous. l . A : So why did you decideto go to India, then? B: W e l l l, . . . . . . . . a l o t a b o u it t s i n c e Sally told me about her trip, so I just took a month off work and went on my own. (read)

Tell your partner about a big decision you'ye made, and then explain the background to that decision, using these structures: lU been-ing. I hadn'tbeen -ing.
For more information on how to use the past continuous,see G6.

Reol English3 Basicaly, ...

This is a common way to introducean explanation. A: So why do you needto leorn English,then? B: Well,bosically, my bosstold me I had to. A: How comeyou soldyour cor? B: Well,basicolly,ljustcouldn'tofford to keep it running. What other reasons can you givefor selling an old carl

2. A: So what made you decideto stop eatingmeatl B: W e l l l, . . . . ....about itforawhile.

A few of my friendswere vegetarians and they . . to convinceme for ages, so I just decidedto give it a go. (think,try)

3. A: So how come you finallybought a computer? B: It was reallybecause for years I

. . all my writing on this ancient typewriter,so I decidedto splashout. (do)

4. A: So how come you two split up,if you don't mind

me askingl

Usirr
ldioms focus
Complete the idiomatic expressions in the short dialogues below with the words in the box. sailing cake stone nothing done depth

B: Well, basically, we . .

constantly for months,and,to be honest,we weren't really enjoyingeach other's company. (argue)

5. A: I hear you've moved into a flat,Jiml B: Yes,| . . in the universityhostel

since I left home. I thought it was time to get a placeof my own. (live)

6. A: So,you and Karen didnt move back to Sweden

after all?

l . A : It must'vebeen reallyhard learning Spanish. B: No, not really, I alreadyspeakltalian, so it was a pieceof..........!

B: No, we

. . secondthoughts for a while, so we decidedto stay here in Cardiff, at leastfor the time being.(have)

2. A: Did Lee giveyou your money back? B: Eventually, yes,but it was like getting blood out of
a .... . H e ' ss o m e a n !

Go back and underline the time expressions. Then read the dialogues with a partner.

3 . A : Did you go and give blood in the endl B: Yes, and I'm glad I did. There was . . .. to it!
I didnt feel a thing.

4. A: So how come you decidedto quit the classl B: Oh, everyoneelse was so much better than me.
I f e l tt o t a l l y outof my.......... !

5. A: Did it take you long to get usedto livingin Greecel B: Well, the first six months were quite hard,but
after that it was all plain

6. A: Why not try and get a work permit and stay? B: That'seasiersaidthan lt's fine if you've
an EU passport, but I'm Chilean.

37

tr
T a l k i n gabout
Which jobs can you see in these pictures?
surgeon chemist bouncer fireman mechanic social worker policewoman POStman

Compare your answers with your partner and explain your choices. These expressions might help you explain why a job does or doesn't really appeal to you. On the positive side: I imagine itd be reallyrewarding. job. I think it'd be a reallycreative I imagine it'd giveyou a lot of freedom. I'm sure the moneywould be good. It wouldn't be all that demanding. You'dmeet a lot of people. On the down side: You'dhaveto work really long hours. I imagine it? be reallystressful. I think it'd get reallyboringafter a while. It'd be dangerous. It'd be dirty. I'vegot a feelingit'd drive me mad. The moneywouldn't be very good. You'dend up doingthe samething every day.

builder soldier pilot model

Now complete these sentences in ways that are true for you by adding the relevant iobs. I w o u l d n ' t m i n d b e i n ga . . . I ' d q u i t e l i l c et o b e a . . . I could never be a . . .

5 Big decisr ons Now finish the sentences l-4 with your own ideas or choose from a-d below. a. b. c. d. I d probablyhavegreat-great-grandchildren. I dont know what lU sayto him. the world would be a better place! l'll be quite h.ppy.
For more information on how to use second conditionals, see G7.

Sfft
Secondconditionals
The first conditional uses the present simple: lf I get that job, it'll be reallywell-paid. The second conditional uses the past simple: lf I had a job like that, lU go crazy. Complete the paragraph below with the past simple of the verbs in the box.

Uging Iscab'ular;1
Decisions, decisions
Deciding on your career is one of the biggest decisions you'll eyer make in your life. Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. wise immediate wrong joint unpopular right

Somepeoplespendhalftheir life wishingtheir liveswere better- it really annoys m e . ' l f| ( l ) . ...a bit more m o r em o n e y - i f l ( 2 ) . . . . a b e c e rj o b - i f I (3) . . . . the right man or woman for me.' lt drives me mad. There is no perfect job or perfect partner!And people saythings like'lf | (4) . . . . so busy,I'd do this or that', but thatt just an excuse.lf they really (5) .. . . to do it, I'm sure they could find the time. lf the word'if' (6) . . . . , rhe world would be a much happierplace. Hake second conditional sentences using the wolds in brackets. For example: (you / look better I if Iwear / suit) I think youd look better if you wore a suit. f . (Rachel / understand / if I you explainit / her) I ' m s ur e 2. (if / we have more time / look round / museums) It's a shame.

t . We definitely madethe ..

.. decision comingby train.lt's so much easierthan driving. about it. lt's not as if we need to make a(n) . decision or anything, is it?

2. Look,we've got three daysto make up our minds

3 . A: I've decidedto stayand finish my course.lt would

be mad to leaveit now. B: I thinkthat's a ( n ). ...decision.

4. Oh no, look at the traffic. We made the ..

decision comingthis way. The government's decisionto raise income tax to 35% hasbeenvery Someof our friendsthink it was my ideato give up our jobs and move to the country,but it wasn't. We d both talked about it for years.lt reallywas a(n) ....decision.

3. (l / buy one / if / not be / so expensive)

The fact is, . ..

1. (afI I I not haveany children/ | / travel round the

world) I often think that (life / be easierI if I everybodyI tell lthe truth) I often think that

Speaking
Discussthese questionswith a partner. l. Hasyourgovernment made decisions anyunpopular recently? 2. Haveyou madeanyjoint decisions recently? Who
withl What about? Haveyou ever made a wrong decision?

Likely

unlikely?

Choose the most suitable verb form - past for an unlikely situation: lf I won a lot of money,... and present for a likely or more likely situation: lf I passmy exam,... l . lf I m eet / m et th e P ri meM i n i s te r, ... 2. lf everybody thinks/ thought like me, ... 3. lf I live / livedto be seyenty, ... 4 . lf I liv e/ liv edto b e 1 2 0 , ...

39

5 B i gd e c i s i o n s

Forty a day!
Before you listen
Phil: You are going to hear a man talking about some big decisions he's made. The expressions in the box are all connected to these decisions. Discuss with a partner what you think he decided to do. passa physical stuck in front of a computer all day It's dead! Justtime for a quick smoke.Oh sorry,do you want one? Jason: No, thanks.I gaveup yearsago. Phil: ( l) . . ! I'vegivenup eventrying to give up! it's a nightmare, isn't it? Jason: Yeah, Phil: (2) .. ! | don't know how you managed it. Jason: Well, it's funny,but it was my job that did it. I mean,(3) . . , and you know it's destroyingyour lungs, don't you, and I knew I wouldnt be ableto becomea firemanif I didn't give up. So,what's becominga firemangot to do with it? ls it the fire risk or somethingl passa Jason: No, it'sjust that (4) .. physical to get in,and I wouldn't be ableto do that if I was smokingforty a day. Phil: Forty a day!Justas well you gaveup! So, (5) .. you decidedto become a fireman anyway? it all Jason: Mm, ld haveto think about that. I suppose goes backto when I got out of college. I wanted to do somethingexcitingand different, you know,and a friend of my dad'swas in the local fire brigade. Phil: Oh,right.So,(6) ........? he helpedme get the job. I mean,I knew I Jason: Yes, didn't want to (7) . . sittingin an office pushingbits of paper round a desk or stuck in front of a computerscreen! Phil: Yeah, I know exactlywhat you mean.I'm half blind already! So,(8) .. move to London,thenl Was it for work or because of a relationship or what? I was Jason: Well, it was mainlywork, but also because just (9) . . where I was livingat the time. Phil: lt was down in Crawley, wasn't itl lt's pretty quiet down there,isn't it? Phil:

Phil and f ason are both in the same evening n td.lass chatting during the coffee break. Listen to "ni"r. them talking about some big decisions. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try and answer these questions. l. What big decisions hasJasonmade? 2. Why? Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the conversation.

Speaking
Crawley is a nice quiet town in the country about half an hour by train from London. lt's near Gatwick Airport, so there are a lot of jobs. lt's got good schools and few social problems. Where would you rather live - London or Crawley? Would you like to move to another town - or eyen another country - or are you happy where you are?

it's dead.There'sabsolutely nothing Jason: Quiet?Yeah, to do there. Phil: (10). .......? a fireman? Jason: What? Becoming Phil: No, no, movingto London,I mean. .lloveit. J a s o nO : hyeah,(ll). I don't think I could live anywhereelse now. Phil: No, it'sthe samefor me.lt getsyou after a while, doesn't it? lt's like a drug.

Real Englisht

Goodfor you!

This is a common way of congratulating someone. A: I'vejustpossed my driving test B: Goodfor you!

40

5 Bigdecisions

3 . A : I wish I'd brought the piano with me. B: How come? A: 4. A: When I was a kid, I ran awayfrom home.
llow come is an alternatiye way of saying why. took at these examples: }Yhy did you decideto move to Londonl How come you decidedto move to London? tVhy did you decideto do that, then? l{ow come you decidedto do that, thenl Wtry are you leavingearly? l{ow come you're leaving early? Practise saying the expressions above. Re-write these sentences starting with why. l. How come you paid so much for your car? c. alwaysI to lwanted / I'd 2. How come you got here so early? d . j u s t / w i t h / u p / | | f e dI i t / g o t 3. How come you refusedthe invitationf e. j u s t / l / f e l t / i t l l i k e 4. How come you didn't acceptthe job in LAf It took them six months to find me.

B: Six months!How come it took them so longl A:

your decisions 3 | Explaining

Here are six expressions for explaining why you made certain decisions. Put the words in the correct order. a. got / with I we ljust / each/ other / bored b. afways I l've I been / in / it / interested

t. him / of / friend / recommended / mine / a

5. How come you're so interestedin Tibet? 6. How come there's no beer left in the fridge?
Now complete these short dialogues with the expressions a-f above. l. A: Why did you decideto write a bookl B: ..eversince I was at school. 2. A: So,how come you went to Dr Martin? B: . . a n dI ' m glad I did. He's wonderful. 3. A: So,why did you decideto stop dancinglessons? B: .. .l mean, it was fun to beginwith, but it started eatingup all my free time.

Now complete these sentences with how come or why. 7. So, 8. So, 9. So, 10. So, I l. So, 12. So, . . you're studyingEnglishl . . did you choosethis school? . . did you decideto do that, then? ..you choseto studythat? . . do you want to go to lceland? . . you decidedto move there,thenl

4. A: So,what on earth madeyou decideto dye your

hair grey?

Now ask your partner two intresting questions starting with how come.

B:

.. . I t hought it might make me look more mature.

Jokes !
fl l/
o . . .

5. A: So,what madeyou study Greek philosophyl B: . ., b elieve it

or not!

Comptete these'How come?' jokes with tn. clrrect responsein the box betow.
I wanted to be near my mum! BecauseI left the plane tickets on it! They didnt look! I want to be ready in casethere's an accident!

6. A: So,why did you andJanesplit up? B:

It's sad, I know, but that's life,I suppose. Tell a partner . something o something . something about: you got fed up with. silly you just felt like doing. you've always been interested in.

l . A : How come you drive with your brakeson? B: 2. A: How come you were born in New Zealand? B:

41

g iteadirr
Your captain speaking
With a partner, discusswhether you think these statements about air travel are true or false.
You're going to read an article that features air travel, the law and smoking. Check that you understand the words in the box beloq using a dictionary to help you if necessary. Then put them into the correct categories.

whv?
l. Only you or membersof your familymay packyour luggage.

2. No aerosolsare allowed in any luggage. may be carried on 3 . Only two items of hand luggage
board.

4. No cigarettesor alcoholare allowedon board. 5 . The use of mobile phonesis strictlyprohibited. 6. No toy weaponsare allowedon board.
Can you think of other rules which aPPly to these things when flying? 7. smokingduring take-offand landing 8. usinga CD player shoesin an emergency 9. wearinghigh-heeled 10. where to put your hand luggage I l. t he t oi l e t us ing 12. seatsin the upright position I3. wearingseatbeltsduringthe flight 14. specialseat belts for babies

air travel: the law: smoking: With a partner, discuss what you think the article is going to be about.

While
A Read this article about a woman whose ld.r"ring for a smoke tanded her in big trouble - at 30,000 feet! When you've read it, answer these questions. l. Why did JoanNorrish light up on the plane? 2. When was she arrested? to her after thatl 3. What happened

Flying

The cost of a cigarette

A businesswoman's on an eightneedfor a cigarette desperate hour flight from Americaresultedin her being arrestedand handcuffed, after she was found lightingup in the toilet of a Boeing747, not once but twice. the firstpersonto be Joan Norrish, became aged33, yesterday prosecutedunder new laws for smoking on board a plane, when she was fined t440 at Uxbridgemagistrates' court. Ms 'l'm Norrish,from Radwinter,Essex,said: such a nervous passenger, and I couldn't have handledthe flight without a lwould've cigarette. lf they'dtold me I couldn't smokeon board, avoidedgoing by planealtogether.' Ms Norrishfirst attracted staffwhen of the in-flight the attention she had her first puff in the toiletafterthe planetoucheddown for refuelling at New York'sJFK airport.One and a half hours to later,she went into the lavatory again,causingpassengers theycould complain on inspection, to the cabincrew.However, find no sign of cigarettes that in the toilet,and wereconcerned thus addingto their Ms Norrish may havehiddenthe cigarettes, fearsfor the safetyof the plane. Relations between Ms Norrish and the crewsoon got worse,as Ms Norrish turnedviolentwhen the planelandedat Heathrow, arrested wherethe policewere alerted. She was subsequently and handcuffed. on her fine.'lt was Outside the court,Ms Norrish commented quitehigh,much higherthan I was expecting. lt all seemslike Ms Norrish an avvful lot of fuss overjust a coupleof cigarettes.' is being encouragedto appeal against the fine by a prosmoking organisationwho have offered her legal aid. A of spokesman for the group said: 'Thisis yet anotherexample againstand the way in whichsmokersare beingdiscriminated millions of poundsfor the marginalised in society. We generate government everyyear throughthe taxeswe pay - and yet we citizens.We're banned from are treated like second-class smokingin all kindsof publicplacesand peopleexpectus to stand outsidein all weathersif we want to smoke. lt's got to stop!' However,anti-smoking lobbies have welcomedthe judge's decision and have claimed that there is no excuse for 'Thisis up in public. the livesof othersby lighting endangering 'andwe look said, a spokeswoman a step in the rightdirection,' forward to the day when all smokingis banned.'

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. for l. Do you haveany sympathy Ms Norrishl Why/why not? 2. ls smokingbannedin your country?Can you think of anything elsethat is? 3. Are you more pro- or anti-smoking? Why?

Vocabularycheck
Complete these sentences with words from the article. l. I quit after two yearsworking there.I just couldn'thave ....thepressureany longer. 2. lf I'd known we'd get delayed for six hours,I would've .... flyingaltogether. 3. Whenwe.. ..down, there was a great big crash.lt was really scary. 4. I've looked everywherefor her. just totallyvanished. She's There'sno.. ..ofher anywhere. 5. Sincethe war endeda few years?go,. . .. between our two countries have improveda lot. but 6. lt was lovelythis morning, i t ' ss u d d e n l y . . . .really cold,hasn'tit? 7. Has the postmanbeen yet? I'm ....someimportant mail today. 8. I was goingto complain, but I didn't want to make a I hate it when I feel like everybody's looking at me. 9. I'm goingto applyfor ....aidsolcantake them to court. 10. I'm a firemanand we're going on strike next month. We're sick of beingtreated like second-class . ..

43

Flying

U i i n g rs.abularT
Flyingvocabulary
Match the words l-10 to the words a-j to make collocations which are commonly used to talk about things to do with flying. l. y our boar d i n g 2. the drinks 3. an eight-hour 4. the overhead 5. your oxygen 6. the in-flight 7. the smoking 8. the emergency 9. the cabin 10. an uns c he d u l e d I a. entertainment b. flight c . locker d . crew e . stoPover f. trolley g card h section exit mask On a long flight, do you watch the in-flight movies? Complete these sentences with the correct form of watch, see, or look. l. Could you havea look on the TV pageto . . . what's on after the news?

2. A: Can you . . . . anythingwrong, doctor? B: No,yourthroat... .fine. 3. I think l'll . . . . the matchon TV tonight. 4. The amountof food at the weddingwas incredible. I ' v en e v e r l i k ei t ! ....anything 5. I want you to to something. I think he'sup . . . . him closely.

6. Here, . . . . out of the window. Haveyou ever seena car like that before! 7. Can you pl ease? . . . . my bagwhile I go to the loo, . . . . for

Discuss these questions with a partner. I l. Haveyou ever had to use your oxygen mask? 12. Can you rememberthingsfalling out of the overheadlocker?

8. When the sky is this clear, you can milesfrom up here.lt's fantastic! 9. Haveyou . 10. I've ..

. . . that new film yet?lt's great.

.. ever)rwhere for my wallet.I can't ....itan)rwhere.

t 3 . When was the lasttime you went on a reallylong

flightl

1 4 . What is the longestflight you haveever been on?

Do you have three different words for look, see and watch in your language? Do you use them in the same way as the examples above?

Flyingjoke
Now imagine you have just touched down after the worst flight eyen You had problems with all of the things in Exercise I above. You're going to phone a friend back home and tell them about your journey. Spend five minutes planning what you are going to say. Ask your teacher for help if necessary. A l/ Try to guess the ending of this joke. Listen anA check. Then tell it to each other in pairs and decide who tells it better. These people then tell it to the class, who vote on who tells it best. Alfred had never flown before and was extremely nervous. H e w as fl yi ng across the A tl anti c t o visit his sister, who had emigratedto Canada. When he got on the pl ane he found he w as si tti ng i n a w i ndow seat . After a few minutes, the personnext to him arrivedan enormousl y fat A meri can. N ot l ong after t he plane took off, the Americanfell asleepand beganto snore loudly.It was obviousto Alfred there was no way he could get out, evento get to the toilet, without waking the man up. After the in-flight meal had been served,the plane entered an area of severeturbulence. The American continued startedto feel sick. to snore.Alfred,however, He was desperate to get to the toilet. Finally,he was si ck - al l overthe man' strousers.The didn't A merican w ake up, but he j ust conti nued to snore.A lf r ed didn't know what to do. A s the pl anetoucheddow n,the A meri can fi nallywoke up and saw his trousers.Alfred turnedto him and said,

What is your worst flying story?

44

6 Flying We often respond by repeating an adjective as a question and then adding another stronger adjective. Respond to these questions or comments in a similar way using the strong adjectives in the box below. tiny terrifring freezing dead boiling enormous shocked gorgeous

Adjectives:strong comparatives
Here are expressions which show that the end result of something was different from our expectations. A: How was your flightl B: lt was terrible - much worse than I thought it would be. A: What was the food on the plane like? B: lt was good - much nicer than I'd expected. Using these two examples, think of answers to the following questions. Here are some words end phrases to help you. fine trat went well interesting nice sweltering much hotter much nicer much better much easier

l . A : It must'vebeen reallyhot in Greece. B: 2. A: Oh, you're from Sio Paulooriginally, are you?
It's a pretty big city, right?

B: 3. A: How's your flatl lt must be a bit cold with all this

snow we're having.

B: 4. A: It's pretty quiet down in Devon,isn't itl B: 5. A: You must'vebeen pretty surprisedwhen you read
the report in the papers.

l. How was your examl L What was the weather in Tunisialike?ls it hot at this time of yearl 3. So,you've moved into your new house.How did it gol 1. How did you feel about your presentation the other dayl Were you happywith it? 5. What did you think of the restaurantl Was it nice? 6. So,how was the exhibition? As good as all the advertising said it would bel Now ask your partner questions about some things you know they have done or seen recently. They should answer as above. Continue the conversations for as long as possible.

B: 6. A: It'sa bit smallin here,isn't it? B: 7. A: So,is he good-looking, then,your new boyfriend? B: 8. A: It must'vebeen a bit scary, going so high up like
that.

B:
A lt is important that you can keep I d.on"ersations going-Here are A's next comments a-h from the conversations above. First match them up. Then listen to the conversations. Finally, practise reading them with a partner. a. There'sno way you'll catch me doing that again! b. That'swhy I've decidedto havecentral heating put i n. c. That'swhy I moved to a smalltown out in the country. d. You can hardly swinga cat in here! e. That'swhy we made sure the hotel had air-conditioning. f. That'swhy I decidedto move to the city!

Strong adjectives
took at ways of responding in the examples below. A: Havingsomeonethrow up all over you is quite unpleasant, isn't it? B: Unpleasant? lt's disgusting! A: That guy on the planewas quite fat,wasn't he? B: Fatl He was enormous!

8. You'lldie when you see him! h . That's why I contacted my solicitor straightaway.

45

6 Flyrng

U ; i n gg r a t n { r l a l
I I I I

Grammar
Verbs often work together in specific patterns. Circle the correct form in these sentences. English? l. Why did you decideto learni learning I wanted going/ to go to America. 2. Well, because I was interestedin travelling/ to travel. 3. Well, because I was fed up with working / to work in 4. Well, because the evenings. 5. Well, I was reallybored with doing / to do the same thing every day at work. I was trying getting/ to get into university 6. Because and I neededit for my exams. I was hopingto go / goingto Australiafor six 7. Because months.

and infinitives Gerunds

Look at these two patterns: Verb + gerund There's no way you'll catch me doing that again. Verb + infinitive That'swhy I've decidedto move to the city. Some verbs can take either pattern, but the meanings may be different: I clearlyrememberpostingyour letter. I must rememberto post your letter. Mark each verb in this way: G I G/l if it only takes the gerund if it only takes the infinitive if it can take either 9. enjoyto do / doing 10. avoidto do / doing I l. beginto do / doing 12. prefer to do / doing 13. carryon to do / doing to do / doing 14. manage 1 5 . s ta rt to d o / doi ng 1 6 . p l a nto d o i doi ng

in context Grammar
With a partner, think of two possible answers for each of these questions, starting with the words given. your jobl l. A: So,why did you leave B: I wanted .... I was fed up 2. A: So,how come you decidedto move to Milan? B: I was bored i n ... I w as i nterested 3. A: So,why did you break up with your fianc6(e)? .... B: I wanted I didn't want decidedto stop 4. A: So,how come you suddenly smoking? B : I w as tryi ngto ... I was just fed up with
For more information on how to use gerunds and see G8. infinitives,

l. t r y t o do / d o i n g 2. ask him to do / doing 3. promiseto do / doing to do / doing 4. suggest 5. forget to do / doing 6. expectto do / doing 7. love to do / doing 8. rememberto do / doing

Now cross out the impossible verb forms.

Complete these sentences in ways that are true for you. Use the gerund or the infinitive. l. l'll neverforget 2. I must remember this week. 3. I promised but I didn't. 4. I'm alwaysforgetting 5. I've never quite managed avoid 6. I usually if I can. 7. There'sno way you'll catch me . . ... 8 . I ' m p l a n n i n.g sometimein the next couPleof years. Tell your partner as much as you can about what you have written.

Flyrng

U s i n gJ D C A D u l a r l
Smoking
Complete these collocations by adding the missing words. a a heav y / a c h a i n/a n o c c a s i o n a l A We ofilen need to pause when we are asked difficult questions, to I J glve us time to think. We do this by using,delayers'. Listen and practise saying these'delayers'. So how come you decided to start smoking? Why did I start smoking? That'sa good question. That'sa difficultquestion. Well, ld haveto think about that. I'm not reallysure. Um, I don't really know. Why? | haven'treallythought about that. with a partneri take turns asking and answering the questions below. Before answering, use delayers to give you thinking time. l. How come you decided to wear those clothesthis morning? 2. Why did your parentscallyou (your name)? 3. What made you decideto sit nexr to me todayl 4. Why do you think everyoneends up learning English and not French, G ermanor S pani shl 5. What makesEnglish so hard to learnl

b. smokea / light a / put our a c. king-size / low-tar I mild I menthol/ strong d. .... lighter/packet/ ends/ advertising give up / start / stop / be antiNow complete these sentences with collocations from a-e above. l. I usedto be a really smoker,you know, fifty a day,but now I'm just a(n) smoker. I've been trying to . . . smoking for yearsnow I wish ld never . . . . i n t h e f i r s tp l a c e !

Roleplay
Pick someone in the class to pretend to be a famous person. For a couple of minutes, the rest of the class should prepare to ask them difficult questions about their life and experiences. The famous person should answer the questions, remembering to use.delayers' if they need time to think before they answer.

3. W h e r e c a n l .

...this cigarette? ls there an ashtrayor something around?

4. I saw this old homeless guy in the

streets yesterday pickingup all the old cigarette Cigarette ....is banned on television in some countries. 6. T h e l i n k b e t w e e n .... and lungcancerhasnow been proved.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partnen l. Do you know anyonewho smokesl What kind of smokerare theyl 2. Do you know anyonewho's given up?How did they manage to do it? 3. How do you feel about cigarette advertisingl

47

A typical weekend
Here is a list of things people do at weekends. Tick the ones you do. Think of some others. do the weekly shopping havea lie-in havepeople round tidy up your house/flat/room wander around town go out with friendsfor a meal go to church stay in and relax do some studying catch up with your e-mails go out for a walk go to the cinema/thetheatre/ a concert cleanthe car catch up with work visit your parents/grandparents playfootball/tennis

Compare your answerswith a partner.

Reol English3 What are you up to this weekend?

This is a common way of askingwhat your plansare. Whot ore you up to tonight? Whot ore you up to on Soturdoy?

Planning expressions
ft ld Listen to Gavin talking about his plans for the weekend. you hear. ri.t the expressions
5 . I h o p et o . . . 6. Unfortunately,I've got to . . . tryto... 7 . I ' mg o i n g t o to . .. 8 . I' m pl anni ng

l. I guessl'll probably. . . l'll... 2. I imagine 3 . l w o u l d n tm i n d . . . i f l g e t t i m e . l'll . . . 4. lf I get the chance,

Now practise sayingthe expressionsabove.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. What did l. When was rhe last time you just had a night in front of the telly? you watchl 2. Do you know anybodywhose house is a tip? 3. When did you last havea big night out? Did it take you long to recover?

7 Yourweekend

=ing gra rtrrfttl

Here are four common ways to talk about dre future. l. 'll Thatl the phone.I'll get it. \Afaitfor me. l'll only be a minute. I think l'll havethe chicken. 2. going to took at those black clouds.lt's goingto rain. We're goingto catch the early train. We're going to go to New Zealandthis winter. 3. prcsent continuous We're meetingin town tomorrow. fm leaving at the end of the month. I'm going out to the cinematonight. 1. present simple We leavefor Calcuttatomorrow morning. The las tbusleav e s a t I l .1 5 . IndiaplayAustraliain the final next month. With a partner, discuss which of the following best describes each group of sentences. a- We use this form because there is some kind of evidencenow for the future event. This might be a decision, a plan, or something you can see. We use this form for thingswhich are as certain as a timetable. We use this form for thingswe've already arranged. d. We use this form to give a reaction,an opinion or a decision at the moment of speaking.

Grammar
Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the verbs in the box. get in do (x2) go give sneeze

t . A: What're you up to this afternoonlAny plansl

B : I thi nk I .... at seven. somegardeni ng i f i t' s n ice.

2. Accordingto the timetable, the earliestbus

3 . A: Did you manage to post that letterl
B : O h , I ' m s o r r y I. c o m p l e t e lf y o r g o t |. . . . . . . . . . . i t on my way home tonight.I promise!

4. S o r r yI c a n t m a k ei t t o c l a s s t o n i g h t|. . . . . . . . . . . o u t
to dinnerwith some friends.

5 . As soon as I passmy drivingtest, my father

me his old car. 5. Pass me the paperhankies. Uh, uh,uh, I

Grammar in context
Make sentences by matching the beginnings to the endings a-d. l. I'm just goingto havea quiet night in tonight, 2. I've got ro work really late tonight, 3. I'm so pleased that my examsare over 4. l4y mother's arrivingtomorrow a. so I'm planning on having a lie-intomorrow. b. so I've got to get up reallyearly and meet her. c. and watch a bit ofTV. d. that I'm going to go out and celebratetonight. Now make sentences by matching the beginnings 5-8 to the endings e-h. 5. I've beengoingout sucha lot lately 6. I'm just going to take it easytonight 7. I've got a big night on Friday 8. I'm just going ro stay in tonight because e. because my brother'swedding's on Saturday. f . I'vegot some thingsto do aroundthe house. g. because I was out until three last night at a party. h. that I'm just goingto srayin tonight for a change. Ask some other students:,So, what're you up to this week?'
For more information on how to use these structunes,

a4

J
_|

J J

Grammardiscussion
Read these sentences. Then discuss the question in brackets after each sentence. l. I'm goingto tidy up the housetomorrow morning. (When did you decidel) L We landat eight in the morningUS time. (How do you knowl) 3. l'll call in on the way home from work. (When did you decidel) 1. We're havingmy grandparents for Christmasdinner. (ls this a plan?) You will learn best from good, natural examples.

J -J J -J

seeG9.

49

7 Yourweekend

L.;g'efl':ft!
While
lt" Friday evening. Ken A f l Steve have both iust ",ra for the daY,and work finished go home. Listen to are about about their talking to them weekend. the plans for Cover the conversation. As You listen, try to answer this question. What are Ken and Stevedoing this weekend? Listen again and fill in the gaPs in the conversation.

it's FridaY! Thank goodness

Steve: Thank goodnessit's Friday!Thisweek'sbeen draggingon forever. me about it! So,what are you up to this Tell Ken: weekendl I'm really.This evening, Steve: Oh, nothing special, . for dinnerwith mY Parents' ( l) . . Ken: Oh, that shouldbe nice. we're goingto this little Frenchplacenear Steve: Yes, where I live. The food's Sreatthere, and then tomorrow I've got to get up reallyearly - at because leastfor me! - and do some cooking, . . . s o m e P e o P l e I've(2) . n d I ' l lh a v e . . . . i n t h e a f t e r n o o nA (3).. as well' clean good really to give the placea (4) . . I think but And, I'm not sure, be going out after that - to see a film or We haven'treallyplannedanything' something. What about yourself? . . . goingout Ken: Well,tonight I'm (5) with some peoplefrom my old iob, but I don't reallyfeel like it any more. I'm feelingreally tired. Steve: So you're just goingto (6) then? Ken: tomorrow night I've got a big Yes,because night.I'm goingto my friends Pete and Rachel's party. lt's on a boat. ....... ? g r e a t .( 7 ) . . Steve: O h , t h a ts o u n d s Ken: Down by the river. You know, in the docks. Steve: Oh yes,I know where you mean.I went to a party there myself(8) . . Ken: Right.ls it OK down there? . . .. . .big. Steve: Yes,it's great,but it's (9) . . boat. the on room much not that There's Ken: Mm, soundscosy! Steve: Oh, yes,you can get reallyclose to people! Lots of sweatybodies! . . . . . t h a t s o r to f i t ' s( 1 0 ). . . Ken: l d o n ' t t h i n k party! you never know. lf you're lucky it might Well, Steve: becomeone! No, I'm only ioking,it's actually a great place for a party. Ken: ..to it. (ll). G o o d .I ' m r e a l l y I've got to unfortunately, But then on Sunday, do some thingsfor work.

I Steve: No rest for the wicked!Well,listen, SundaY, on . . give You a ring ( 12) . out night then,just to hear all about your quiet down on the river!

Real Englisht Tell me about itt

and you want to symPathise you saythis to peoplewhen they tell you somethingnegative you havehad a similarexperience. because A: I've hodso monybills to poy thisweek.I con'tbelievehow muchit coststo hovemy ownflot! B: Tetlme obout it! MY ploceis costingme o fortune! which you havenot met before or find in the conversation Are there any more expressions

surprisingl

50

With a partner, use one of the patterns t-4 to telt someone that ... l. a friend hasarrangedto come to your flat to help you with some homework on Sunday. 2. you've arrangedto go shoppingwith a friend on Saturday, but you'll probablystay at home.

3 . you've thought about goingto the cinema,but you're

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Who do you think is goingto havea better weekend - Steveor Kenl 2. Do you ever ger that Fridayafternoon feelingor rhar Mondaymorningfeeling? 3. Haveyou ever been to a party on a boatl What was 4. How often do you go out for dinner with your parentslWhat kind of placesdo you go tol 5. Are you usually too tired on a Fridayto want to go out in the evening?

not sure yet.

4. you haveto do a lot of work this weekendbecause

the deadlinefor your essayis Monday, and you haven't even started it yet.

5 . your flat is reallyuntidy.You know you must cleanit

this weekend.

6. there'sa possibility your friend,Steve, is having a

parry tomorrow night.

7. you've arrangedto meet some friends on Sunday for

lunch, but you don'r know if you'll feel like it because you're goingto a party on Saturday!

8. your mother has arrangedto visit your new flat on

Saturday afternoon.
For more information on how to use these srructures to talk about the future, see G 10.

i'

Ugirry Ul'cilt{f faf

More ways of talking about the future
Here are some more ways to talk about things in dre future. All are common in spoken English. l. I'vegot somebodycominground. I've got some friends arrivingfrom Spaintomorrow. 2. I've got to do something. I've got to get up really early tomorrow to take my father to the airport. 3. I'm supposed to be doingsomerhing, but . . . I'm supposed to be playing football on Saturday, but I've got a bit of a cold. 4. I might be doing something. I might be goingto the coasrfor the weekend, but I haven'tdecidedfor sure yet. '1J Listen and practise saying these sentences. JJ lmagine you want to invite your partner to a special event (e.g. the wedding of a relative, a day at the races, a masked balt). Howeverl your partner can't come and will make an excuse. Practise using the example below. A Debbie and I are getringmarried next Saturday and weU really like you to come to the reception in the evening.

B: Oh, I'd love to, but I'm afraidI can't.I'vealready arrangedro go awayfor the weekend. A: That'sa shame. ls there no way you could put it offl B: Well, I would if I could,bur we'vealreadybookedthe tickets. A: Oh well,too bad.We'll saveyou a pieceof the cake! Do you find it easy to turn down invitations? Would you turn down an invitation to any of the things shown in the pictures on these pages?

7 Yourweekend

futures Famous
What's your favourite song? Can you complete these lines from famous songs? Each usesa future form. In one of the examples, you will need the spoken form of going to gonna.
shall l. We. 2. 1.... want. 'll
SOnna

Collocations
Below are six sentenceswith go for talking about your plans for the weekend.Cross out the wrong collocation in each grouP. / to Cambridge f . f'm goingon a dateI a day-trip
tonight / a guidedwalk. shopping 2. I'm going out to see a film / my friend up in Yorkshire/ a bar tonight/ see a musical.

...overcome. t e l l y o u w h a t l w a n t ; w h a tl r e a l l y , r e a l l y

3 . I'm going out for shopping/ a walk / the day on

/ a drink with some friends. Saturday 4. I'm going awayto the mountains/ Brightonthis weekend/ Francefor three days/ the pub. 5. I'm going out to get somethingto eat / some things / driving. for the house/ some shopping / some shopping dad / my with fishing 6. I'm going tonight. / clubbing shopping Compare your answers with a partner, then make six statements about what you plan to do next weekend, using the vocabulary above. Answer these questions. 7. Do you like goingto barsl 8. How often do you go awayfor the weekend? 9. When was the last time you went away somewherel What did you catch? lO. Haveyou ever been fishing? I l. What was the last day-tripyou went on?

.. be cominground the mountainwhen 3. She.. she comes. .. . . 4. Everything's be all right.

Find some more song lyrics which include future forms. Here are three famous quotations, each using a future form. Which is your favourite? 'Wfun I was wficnyou're !ruU, I uas to[], Tou'$see I tfi.ing!' o seen fifty.' I *rfiftg onl I finoen't I ..-r-'-3 E4s:Y_-_-^*_.d-*nff'Otdnen ore{a,ngerous. to tfum ufrat is It doun't ffi.o.tter wor{i.' tfu to goiry to frappen /t-tttsemardsfraat
----.'*-,-*_*F-^8

f; I

-f-*-..--- ._...-nF*

'I {isapprooe of wfrotyousay' 6ut I wilt fufenl to tfiz dcatfi I your rigfit to say it.' I
'l/o[taire

--..-*.-**.

^^-'f^**

*-.e<*e-a

Vocabulary
What is the difrerencebetween a meeting, an appointment and a date?

Can you say this short Poem? l(stcfr.up Tomoto tfu,6ott[2, If y* dorct sfrn"kp ^{qu'ff cortt,anl tfun o {ot'ff. I I *-t

Make sentencesby matching the beginnings l-'{

to the endings a-d. l. I've got an appointment 2. I've got a blind date with

'-F

Pronunciation
ln the conversation Steve said:'l'll have to A f d git. the place a really good clean' . Practise 'll. saying these common sentences with l. Right,l'll see you later. 2. lt'll be all right on the night. 3. She'llbe with us in five minutesor so. 4. What'll you sayto your boss? each otherl 5. How'll we recognise 6. You'll regret it. 7. l'll see what I can do. 8. There'll be a lot of people you know there. we meet,then? 9. So,where'll 10. I'm sure we'll meet again. In what kind of situation would you say number 6?

3. I've got a meetingwith 4. I'm meetingup with a. b. c. d. my boss at four,which should last until six or so. some friends of mine later for a drink. at the dentist'sat five.I'm dreadingit. this friend of a friend.

J J J J

Now make sentencesby matching the beginnings

5-8 to the endings e-h. 5. I'm goingto go and visit 6. I'm going round to 7. I've got a date with 8. e. f. g. I'm meeting a friend'stonight. some friends later on this evening. a friend of mine in hospitalthis afternoon. h. this gorgeousguy/girl I met yesterday.

J J J J

52

7 Yourweekend

Real English3 a friend's

This is how you talk about a friend'shouse or flat. We're meetingot Steye's beforegoinground to Stewort ond Jone's. We often also say Steve's ploceor/one's ploce. Whose plocedo you go to most often? Steve used the expression'No rest for the wicked!' at the end of his conversation with Ken on page 50. We use this expression to make fun of friends when they have to work - and we don't! Complete the common idioms below with the words in the box. choosers joking Discuss these questions with a partnea l. What is the differencebetweena date and a blind datel Haveyou ever been on a blind date? 2- How often do you havea dentist'sappointment? 3. Do you ever haveto go to meetingsl Who with? 1. Do you remember your last date,meetingor appointmentl What about your first datel me see devil present

a. L o n g t i m en o . . . . . . . . . .! b. T a l k o f t h e . . . . . . . . . . ! c . Beggars cant be d . Ratheryou than e . There'sno time f.

Youmustbe..........!

Complete these short dialogues with the idioms a-f above. In pairs, plan an ideal weekend. Think about wtrether you want to ' ' ' ' . stayat home or go awaysomewhere. relax or keep busy. stay in the town or go out into the country. be on your own or with friends. eat out or at home.

t . A: Hello,Jack,.

....... ! B: I know. I haven'tseen you for ages.

A: When are we goingto plan the partyl B: Well, .., isthere?

3 . A: We're goingto the opera tonight.

B: Opera? .. .. . . . . ! | c a n ' tt h i n k of anythingmore boring! just a bit annoyed 4. A: I think Jane's because of what happened earlier. B: Oh, . . ! H e r es h e comes now. Let'sask her about it. 5. A: Look, the cheapest flight leaves at midnight and gets in at four in the morning. B: Let'stake it! .. . .. . . . ! 6. A: I was wonderingif you could lend me f50 till next Friday. B:... . . . . . ! l ' m s t i lw l aiting for the f5 | lent you last week! Which of these idioms do you think you'll use most often? Why?

Now talk to another partner and tell them tbout your plans for your ideal weekend. Next, plan a really cheap weekend with your new partner. When you have done this, talk to a difierent student and compare your plans.

Festivals
Ar= you interested in going to festivals such as dre one shown in the pictures? lt's Samhuinn (pronounced Soyin) - an old Celtic festival, held h Edinburgh to celebrate Hallowe'en (All Souls) and the end of summer. Do you have anything 3e this in your country?

Jrrabularl UEirry
What kind
With a partner, discuss what each of these kinds of parties involves. . . . . . a birthday party adinnerpafty a family get-together a fancydress parq/ a farewell party . . ' . a house-warmingparty arave a stag night/a hen night a surpriseparty break up finish

collocations
Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the verbs in the box. gatecrash go on invite ruin sort out throw

t . I t w a sa g r e a tp a r t y|.t . . . .
hours.

. . . . . u n t i lt h e s m a l l

lt really 2. My girlfrienddumped me in front of everybody. ...theparty!

3 . The neighbours complained about the noiseand,in the

end,the policeturned up and . . . the party.

Which of these kinds of parties do you enjoy going to the most?And the least? Why? Are there any you've never been to?

4. We had a lot of trouble with these guyswho tried to

. . . the party. We told them they weren't invited, but they just wouldnt listen! ......... ? 5 . W h a t t i m ed i dt h e p a r t y 6. Hey,remind me later.I must rememberto ... LouiseandArthur to the house-warming.

Reell Englisht

a rave

A rave is a party with hundredsof young people often held in and very loud danceor techno music, a warehouse or other largeempty building. Sometimes the venue is kept secret till a few hours before it starts so that the policewill not know about it. Peoplediscoverwhere the rave is numberor finding a special takingplaceby ringing out via the Internet.

7. You know Russell's leaving soon,don't you? I think we

should him. . . . some kind of farewellparty for

8. Have you .

. . everythingfor the office Christmasparty yet? Do you need a handwith anythingl

Speaking
Recl Englisht a stagnight/
a hen night These refer to the parties usuallyheld before two peopleget married. A stag night is when the bridegroomgets together with his male friends.A hen night is when the bride hasa night out with her girlfriends. Discuss these questions with a partner.

t . Haveyou ever gatecrashed any parties?Haveany of

your parties ever been gatecrashed? A 2. What kind of thingswould ruin a surpriseparty? A fancy-dress dinner partyl A familyget-together? partyt Have you ever been to a Party which was ruined by something?

3 . What's the longestparty you've been to?

P a r t ya n i m a l s

4iPlanningaparty
i .

You are going to have a party.put the following in order of importance. lots of food loud fast music reallyslow music lots of your friends some new people lots of differentkinds of thingsto drink somewherewith atmosphere

You and your partner have got ( 100 to organise a party for some friends. plan it together. Here are some of the questions you will need to discuss. . . . . . What kind of parry do you want to have? When are you goingto haveit and wherel What do you think you'll needto buyl How manypeopleare you goingto invitel Will your party havea themel

Now compare your order with a partner and try to agree.

Now walk around the class and invite as many people to your party as possible. Use the following: We're havinga party on ... night.Would you like to come alongl When you are asked to someone etse's party, make sure you ask these questions. . Whereaboutsis it? . When's a good time to turn upl . ShouldI bringanything? lf you have already accepted an invitation to another party on the same night, make sure you turn down the new invitation using an exprerrion from the role play on page 5l.

Planningexpressions
Re-order the jumbled conversation below about organising a party. a. Right, l'll bring some musicif you sorr out the food. How does that soundl b. Brilliant. I'm lookingforward to it already. c . Yeah, OK, no problem.l'll try and bring crisps and thingslike that. What about the invites? d . Well,to be honest, ld rather organise the music, if its OK with you.Couldn'tyou do the foodl e . Oh, l'll do those.l'll be seeing most peopleat school this week,so that'il be easy. Now underline the expressions above that you coufd use when planning a party.

]J -J J _J -J

Speaking
When you are invited to a party at afriend,s, what do you normally take as a present? What present would you give in these situations? l. A friend is gettingmarried. 2. lt's your best friend'seighteenthbirthday. 3. A friend is movinginto a new flat. Look at the picture below. What do you think each object is for? Would you like to get any as presents? What would you say if you were given any ofthe others?

\ Reql Englishs the invites

The normalword is invitations. Invitesis common in informal speech.

rlr

- lJ.

6IL

B Party animals

i'.?adirry1
Collocations
Before you read the article, complete the sentences below with the phrases in the box. led to callsfor tighter laws lose control from shock suffering ended in tragedy crime organised got out of hand

,^
A rave party nearly ended in tragedy last night, when over a hundred people fell through the floor of the fourth-floor flat they were dancing in a n d i nto the fl at bel ow . A mazi ngl y,no one w as ki l l ed, al thoug h seven people were taken to hospital suffering from shock. The party was organisedby a group calledTribal Spiral,and was held in a desertedflat on a housingestate in EastLondon.lt is believedthat the extremelyhigh volume of the techno musicbeing played weakenedthe structureof the floor. 'l Bert Jones,aged 54, who lives in the third-floor flat below, said: must a d m i t, I hadn' t real l ynoti cedthe party goi ng on. l ' m a bi t hard of hear ing a n d I di dn' t have my heari ngai d i n, but I coul d feel the vi brati onsf r om somewhere. I just thought it must be kids messing around upstairs Then, the next thing I knew there was an almighty crashin somewhere. th e l i vi ng room, so I ran i n and the pl acew as ful l of dust and pl a st erand people screaming.I just couldn't believe my eyes.I got the shock of my life, I can tell you. Now l'm waiting for the councilto sendsomeoneround to fi x thi ngs.' The incidentfollows a number of complaintsabout techno partiesall over th e capi tal and publ i c outcry about raves.A recent tabl oi d headline GO DRUG CRAZY AT OUT! 11,000 YOUNGSTERS screamed, 'SPACED EVERDANCE PARTY',while the number of drugBIGGEST BRITAIN'S over the lastyear.All of this related deathsat raveshas risendramatically will undoubtedly lead to callsfor tighter anti-ravelaws.The government i ntroduci nga new l aw w hi ch w i l l hel p pol icecr ack i s a l r eadyconsi deri ng d o wn on unoffi ci al gatheri ngsof thi s ki nd. They are proposinga bill w h i ch w i l l al l ow pol i ce to break up any groups of more than t went y people listeningto 'musicwith repetitive beats'and also intend to make A for any drugs being sold on their premises. club owners responsible 'Things are getting out of spokesmanfor the Metropolitan Policesaid, hand, and obviouslywhat worries us the most is that where you have rave parties and where you have drugs, you're bound to come up against organisedcrime. We'd obviouslyappreciateany new law which gave us more powersto tackle this problem.' David Goodyear,a Stepney ambulanceman,claimed that many of the partygoersat the Tribal Spiral event had failed to notice the floor had Most of the young people just carried on dancing - a fact he collapsed. put down to the mind-altering affects of Ecstasy and other so-called 'dancedrugs'. However, there are signs that young people themselvesare already new One of the most successful to the rave scene. looking for alternatives clubsto have opened this year is the Domino Club.Here,young people sit whilst a DJ playslaid-backjazz.Thereisn't much around drinking cocktails and dancing- instead,the club-goersplay board gamessuch as Scrabble Monopoly.Another club which has becomevery popular is The Big Chill, maybeyoung l roni cal l y, w h i c h i s hel d i n a churchcal l edthe U ni on C hapel . people today are closer to God than the government and the police ! realise

t . Our holidayin Canada was

supposed to be the trip of a lifetime, but the whole thing when nearly our hired car went off the road in the middleof the mountains. One of the problemswith mind-altering drugsis that people who take them can sometimes . . . . . a n de n du p doing reallystupidor dangerous things.

3 . The demonstrationwas meant to

be peaceful, but the whole thing a n d e n d e du p as a full-scale riot. 4. Most murdersin Londonare c o n n e c t et do . . . criminals rather than individual working alone.

5 . The massacre of fifteen students

in Americahas of guns. on the possession three passengers 6. After the crash, were taken to hospital

The article on the right is called 'Rave to the graYe' and contains the six collocations in the box in Exercise I above. Discuss with a partner what you think the connection between them might be.

While
A Now read the article and f l ,"" if you were right.

56

P a r t ya n r m a i s

Comprehension
Without looking back at the article, try to correct these false statements using the exact words from'Rave to the graye'. l. The party was held inTribalSpiralt flat. L Dancingweakenedthe structure of the floor. 3. Bert Jonesis fixing his flat himself. 1. This is the first complaintthere's been about techno partiesin London. 5. There'sbeena smallincrease in the numberof drug-relateddeathsover the last year. 6. The dancing stoppedwhen the floor collapsed. Now go back and see if you remembered the exact words correctly.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Haveyou ever been in a situation where you just couldn'tbelieve your eyes? 2. When was the lasttime you had to admit to someonethat you just couldn'tresisrsomething? 3. When was the lasttime you just couldn'rmakeup your mind? What about? 4. When was the last time you got so bored by something that you just couldn'rbear it any longer? 5. Haveyou ever been so annoyedby somebodythat you just couldn'tbear it any longerand had to say something? What did you sayl How did they feel?Did it make you feel better?

Speaking
l. What's the noisiestparty you've ever been to? L Why do you think young peopletake drugsl 3. ls your country'hard'or'soft' on drug-taking? 1. ls organised crime a problemin your countryl

couldn't wait
In the article, Bert fones said:'l just couldn't believe my eyes.'Can you remember why? What do you think just means in these expressions?
a

b. c. d. e.

just couldn'tmakeup my mind. just couldn't bear it any longer. just couldnt wait. just couldn'tresistthem. just couldn't believemy eyes.

Now complete these sentences with the expressions a-e above. l. Sorry I've started without you, but I was expecting you at five.I got so hungrythat. There'sstill a little bit of chickenleft if you want it. L When I saw what he'd done to his hair, . ! lt was bright pink and green! 3. A: Did you manage to get some shoes? B: Oh, it was awful,it reallywas.I went into dozens of shoe shopsand tried on I don't know how many, but . . So,in the end, I didn't buy anything! 1. The meetingwas supposed to run from nine till six, but after a couple of hours it got so boring . . So I made my excusesand left. 5. I know I'm supposed to be on a diet, but the cakesall looked so delicious that . Oh well, I just won't eat all day tomorrow now!

57

animals B Party

)iirry lr.abularl
politics
Check you understand the meaning of the highlighted words below. Then ask some other students in your class the questions. l. Do you know anyonewho is a memberof a political partyl 2. What kind of thingsdo left-wingpoliticalparties inl believe politicalparties kind of thingsdo right-wing What 3. in? believe 4. What are the main politicalpartiesin your countryl 5. Which party cameto power in the last election? 6. Which party leadersin your country do you think are strong/weakat the moment? 7. Are any politicalpartiesbannedin your country?

Talking
In the'Raye to the graYe' article, you read that the government is considering introducing a new law. Can you remember why? Look back at page 56 if you need to. Now make four sentences about laws by matching the beginnings l-4 to the endings a-d. l. They'regoingto introduce a new law to ban 2. They'regoingto introduce a new law to Protect 3. They'regoing to introduce a new law to crack down 4. They'regoingto introduce new tax breaksto encouraSe a. on illegalstreet trading. b. smokingin all publicplaces. c. peopleto havemore children. d. the environment. Now make four more sentences by matching the beginnings 5-8 to the endings e-h.

-J J J J

Whv?
8. What was the last politicalparty to be set uP in your country? 9. Haveany parties in your country split over the last few years?

5. 6. 7. 8.
f.

They'regoingto relax the drinking laws They'regoingto tighten the immigrationlaws They'regoingto changethe old adoption laws They'regoingto legalise

Complete these sentences with the correct form of do or make. l . I t h i n kh e ' d. . . . a v e r y g o o dl e a d e r . . . . . very well in the

I I _J J

they're out of date. e. because to allow pubs to stayopen longer. g. geneticcloning. h . to make it more difficultfor peopleto get into the country.

Party didnt 2. The People's last election.

. . .. him PartYleader. 3. I dont know why they He's completelyincompetent. . . . . a big differencesincethey came 4. They've to power. Thingsare much better now. ' 5 . I c an' t .... u p m y mi n d w h o to v o te for. . . . . a decisionby 6. We've got to try and tomorrow.

7. I wouldnt take those pills if I were you. They won't . . . .you any good! 8. At some time in our life,we all wrong and we all .. . something 9. Do you think you can if you get time? . mistakes!

. ' . . the shoppinglater,

so I want to . . . 10. I'm only here for a few days, the most of my time. I l. I've got an important client comingover later,so . . . . an effort to look your best. please 12. I don't know why you like this kind of music!lt . . . . a n y t h i n g f o rm e . doesn't

58

r--lf

'

,7'l

/.Jq-e . l ';s
,
I

t,

In groups of three, you are going to set up your own political party. You will need to decide the following: . ' . ' ' ' what you want to ban what you will crack down on what tax breaksyou will giveand to who what lawsyou're going to tighten what lawsyou'regoingto relax if you'regoingto legalise anyrhing

Decide on a name for your party and then go round your class campaigning. Your teacher will then organise a class election. You're not allowed to vote for your own party!

quotes Political
Do you agree with the three quotations below? Why/why not? The naturalrelationship betweena journalist and a politician shouldbe that of a dog towards a lamppost. Henry Mencken Powertendsto corrupt and absolute power corruptsabsolutely. Lord Aaon I must study politicsand war so that my sons may be free to study Mathematics and Philosophy.
I

JohnAdams

59

Conditionals
Choose the correct form. l. / | hadn'tbeengetting BeforeI left home,I haven't parents. well with my very on Make sentences by matching the beginnings l-6 to the endings a-f. l. lf he does that one more time, 2. lf he did that to me, 3. I'd givethat a miss 4. I won't be able to do that 5. I'd be able to do that 6. I'll buy that for you a. I'd leavehim. b. if you don't find the instructions. c. if I had the money. bonus. d. if I get a Christmas e. I thi nk l ' l l scream. f. if I were you. With a partner, discuss what you think'that' could mean in l-6 above. Now use these five sentence starters to tell a partner some things about yourself. ... 7. l f I w as a man/w oman. ... 8. lf I spokebetter English, 9. l f I w as ol der,... here,... 1 0 . l f l w a s n ' ts i t t i n g | 1. lf I could take a year off, ... J J -| -l _| _J

to me. 2. I'd / I'll die if that happened ,ir. What are you up to tonightl 3. / l ' l l me e t s o mefri e n d s . B : I ' m m e e ti n g i'ri 4. So,how come you decidedto go to the doctorl well for B: Well, I didn't feel / | hadn'tbeenfeeling to do. thing so it seemedlike the right ages, 5. lf he does that one more time, l'll / I'd scream! 6. We weren't / We hadn't been getting on very well for ages, so we decidedto end the relationship.

7. We'll go /We're goingto the cinematonight.

Do you want to come with us?

8 . lf I'm / | were you,I'd be reallyupsetabout it! 9. Will you / Are you goingto tell me when it's
five o'clock,pleasel

t 0 . l'll / I'vegot to go and pick the kids up from school

OK? in a minute,so I'll phoneyou backlater,

M u l t i p l echoice
Choose the correct alternative. l. H o w c o m e. . . I a. y ou bou g h ts u c ha n o l d c a r b. did y ou b u y s u c ha n o l d c a r b. to find those shoes

... ? 2. Did y ou m a n a g e a. findingthose shoes

Conversation
Put the jumbled conversation below into the correct order. a. So,what are you up to this weekend?

3. lt was r ea l l y... . a. m uc h m o re b e tte r th a n mi n e b. m uc h b e tte r th a n m i n e 4. I r eally en j o y ... . a. liv inghe re fe d u p ... . 5 . I was r eal l y aroundall day b. to sit aroundall day a. with sitting 6. I ' m g o i n g. . . . a. on a day-tripto Bath b. out for a day-tripto Bath ... . 7. I'msupposed tennis a. playing tennis b. to be playing
b. to live here

b. I don't know. I haven'tgot a clue.I supposeit dependshow good my Greek gets. c. Don't you think it'd get boringafter a while? d. Studyingl Oh right,your Greek course. How come you decidedto start that? e. I'm going awayto Wales. Would you like to comel It couldn'tbe more tediousthan beingstuck in front of a computer all day! g. Oh, I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't.I've got to do some studying. I've always h . Well, I supposeit was because wantedto live and work on a Greek island. already. I know what you mean.I'm half-blind So,you think you'll get a job out there,thenl

IJ J J J

_t
_l J J J

8. Don't worry. ... . a. lt's just a simplemistake b. lt jus t i s a s i m p l emi s ta k e 9. I always try to avoid ... . a. talkingto him if I can 10. I c an s t ill re m e m b e r... .
a. watching her leave b. to watch her leave

b. to talk to him if I can

Compare your answers with a partner and discuss how you made your choices.

60

Review: Units5-8

Collocations
Look back at the strong adjectives and follow-up Gorrrments on page 45. Tick all the words you can rernember. Ask a partner about anything you Itrye forgotten. Can you think of some instances from your own Ife where you could use some of the words and phrases?Tell a partner as much as you can about dtem. Match the verbs l-10 with the best collocations a-j. l. watch 2. make 3. go out 4. stop 5. go 6. take 7. get up 8. put 9. stay 10. look a. b. c. d. e. f. g h J smoking your cigaretteout reallyearly a photograph too muchTV for a meal at home a big decision everywherefor something on a date

Expressions
Complete the short dialogues below with the expressions in the box. All the expressions are fr.om units 5-8. make up my mind I lust felt like it what a nightmare you'll regret it that's a good question ! would if I could

Now match the verbs I l -18 to the best collocations k-r. I l. gatecrash 12. eat up 13. feel 14. introduce | 5. accept | 6. treat 47. make 18. rai se k. a fuss t. a new law m . a j ob n . them like second-class citizens pleased with myself o. P. income tax q. all my free time r. a Party

l . A : Why did you go and haveall your hair cut offl B: I don't know. 2. A: They lost all my luggage and then we got delayed
for three hours. Oh,no! ........!

Discuss these questions with a partner. 19. What eats up most of your free time? 20. When was the last time you had to look everywhere for something? Did you find it in the end? 21. Haveyou ever madea bigfuss?WhylWhathappened? 22. Havethey introducedany new laws in your country recendy?

3.

Can you give me a hand to move this tablel No, sorry. . . , but I'vegot to rush. I'm late for work. I'm just goingto haveone more cream cake. I y o u l d n t i f I w e r ey o u . . ....... !

4. 5.
6.

::T::::: ?::: .',;il-,".,T:*i,'$: :i::'ft

Did you buy anything in the end? No, nothing. I just couldn't I wanted. .. what

English
Match the statements l-6 to the responses a-f.

Can you think of three other sentencesyou might rcspond to by saying:'Oh no! What a nightmare!'? Can you think of three other sentencesyou might lespond to by saying:'l wouldn't if I were you. You'll regret it'?

l. I'm goingto GuineaBissau next year. 2. I'm goingto study in Edinburgh for a year. 3. lt's so expensive here in London,isn't itl 4. What are you up to this weekend? 5. Doing anythingtonight? 6. Did you get an invite to Ann's party? a. Tell me about it! I've alreadyspent most of the money I camewith! b. Good for you!You'llhavea great time. c. No, I didn't eyen know she was havingone! d. Yes,I am, actually. I'm going round to Jane's. e. Where on earth is that? f. I'm goingto my country cottageon Fridaynighc

I -J J _J J J

You have one minute to memorise the respons/es a-f. Now cover Exercise 8 above. Your partner will read out the statements l-,6. How many responses can you remember?

Review: Units5-B

ldioms
Make sentences with idioms by matching the beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. l. lt's a real weight 2. No rest 3. After that it was 4. lt'd drive 5. Longtime 6. Talk of 7. Beggars can't 8. Ratheryou a. plainsailing. b. me mad. c. be choosers. d. the devil. e. off my shoulders. f . for the wicked. g. than me. h. no see. Answer these questions with a partner. Then compare your answers with another pair. Who got most answers right? l. lf there'sno signof someone, does that meanthat you can't find them an)rwhere or that they haven't sent you a letter? 2. How manydifferentkindsof partiescan you think ofl 3. Could you be arrestedfor lighting up on a plane? 4. lf you spentthe weekendjust messing around, what did you do? 5. What's the differencebetween left-wingand right-wing? 6. Who would break up a party and whyl 7. When you go to the dentist's, do you make an appointmenr or a date with him?

remember?
With a partner, note down as much as you can remember about the two texts you read in units 6 and 8. -Y-Y-Y r \. in n t! ii !', ri \ \ \ \ \ 1 The cost of a cigarette

8. lf you don't like,for example, earingfrogs,would you

say:'lwouldn't eat a frog if you paid me' or 'l wouldn't eat a frog if you askedme'?

9. lf you and some friendsgo to a nice little French

place, what are you goingto dol

1 0 . lf you're a heavysmoker,does it meanyou're fat or

that you smoke too much? il. What is the difference betweengoingshopping and doi ngthe shoppi ngl middle, or at the end of a flight?

12. Does a planetouch down at the beginning, in the t 3 . lf something dragson, does it happenreallyquickly
or does it take foreverl

1 4 . lf you can be on board a plane, can you be on board

I
Rave to the graye

a boat?

t 5 . How could a government tightenlawson drinking?

On immigrationl 16. Are your relations the sameas your relativesl 17. Do you go on a day-trip or havea day-tripl 18. You playtennison one and you might end up in one if you're arrested.What is it?

t 9 . ls a cosy room largeor small? 20. Where do you work if you are one of the cabin
crew?

Now compare what you remember with another pair. Who remembers more? Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

62

L = a r .' = l
l. L 3. 1. 5.

-- ?i
* < a J

ll"L
a

:'ft,

J - i J ' J j j

l ' t l t ?

? -

tr=-rt'-!

Discuss these questions with a partner. How do you learnvocabularyl Do you think you do it well or badly? Do you read texts to learn vocabularyl What kind of texts? What do you do if you don't understand a word? What kind of dictionarydo you usel Do you translate words into your language? Why/why not?

Now read this text and see if you are like any of the students mentioned.

Has the text made you change your mind in any way about the way you study?

UgingJacabularl
Lifestyle
What sort of lifestyle do you lead? Do you go out every evening or are you the stay'at'home tyPe? Read these descriptions of what some people did last night. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I went out for a walk aroundtown. I rang my sister. on TV. I watched the semi-final I just had a quiet nightat home. I went to my eveningclass. painting the kitchen. | finished I had an early night. in hospital. I visitedmy neighbour I tried to find a cheapflight on the Internet. I went to the laundrette. absolutely catch up depth halfiruay horrendous l. house loads seat single taking it up

night?
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box.

I had a terrible time. I didn't know a(n) . person there. .. .. nothingin

2. I had a terrible time. The servicewas 3. I had a terrible time. We had common.

4. I had a terrible time. I was completelyout of my . . .. 5. I had a terrible time. I fell asleeP 6. I had a great time.We got on like a(n) fire. 7. I had a greatti me.I met people there. through. . .. . on

Which of these things do you do? Which do you never do?

....of i nter est ing

fl Listen to four people talking about what they I d aia last night. When you have decided what they did, tick the correct number in the list above.

8. I had a great time. lt was really nice to after all this time. 9. I had a greattime. I'm thinkingof . seriously. ... more

10. I had a great time. I was on the edge of my . . the whole way through. With a partner, practise asking and answering these questions using the answers above. Try and keep each conversation going for as long as you can. a. b. c. d. e. So how was the play? So how was your datel So how was your ltalianclass? So how was the party? So how was the meal with your friends?

Speaking
When was the last time you had a great time? A terrible time? Why?

9 Lastnight

b Erercise I on page 64, one speaker said they r:le guite tired when they got in from work. Tbt? :u1emany collocations with get. Complete t -ntences below with the words and in the box. 4rcssions

With a partneri discuss the differences in meaning between the highlighted words in these pairs of sentences.
a. I had a chat with her.

I had a talk with her. We gossiped about the boss. We talked about work. c. I did the washing-up. I did the washing. d. I went to a disco. We endedup goingto a disco. e . I missed the last bus home. I reallymissedher when she was in Spain. f. I went out last night after work. I left work last night about five. Now complete these sentences with the sentences a-f above.

I got . . . last night.Do you like itl I think it's a bit too short at the back myself. . . . from the cash machinelast night,but it wasn't working. 3. I got . . . from an old friend of mine last night.I hadn'tspokento her for ages, so that was nr c e.

L I tried to get some

+ :.::: :::]1.T*:'so 5. I got really

I popped out to set

r. yes, Mr Fairhurst,

. . aboutit.

. . . last night watchingTV. I watchedthat documentary/ about Hiroshima.

6. I'ye never seen rain like it - | got really . . . on the way home last night. 7. I got a real . . . last night.An old school friend of mine turned up out of the blue!

I'm sure Evewon't be late again. 2. I bumped into Marie yesterday, which was nice. . . about,you know, nothing much, but it was nice to see her. 3. I had a drink with Bill lastweek. and nothingelseall evening!

8. Hey,you won't believeit. I've finallygot

I start next Monday.

4. Someof us went for a drink after work the other

day.lt was awful gladhe wasn'tthere! time. 6. Justlook at all those dirty dishes. lt's time . . . . . for ages.I'm

9. My car broke down, so I had ro get the last

... home.

5 . I haven'tgot anythingto wear tomorrow. lt reallyis

r0.

I walked around town a bit, but ended up getting .. . I had to ask someonewhere I was!

Go back and underline the get expressions. You can use get with all of the following words. Use them to say something true about yoursetf or people you know. annoyed better tired well paid anSry soaked married lazy

7. I had a crazyevening. I met some old friends and we

went out for dinnerand then eventually My legsare killingme this morning! and didn't stop dancing all night!

9. I'm reallyannoyed. I didn't get home until rwo last uPset worried sleepy Pregnant
night.

1 0 . Janecame back last week. il. and just went straighthome. t2. I should haveknown better. . . . with a
few people from my departmentand I didn't get in till 3 am. I feel terrible.

When was the last time you ... . ' . ' had to get a taxi homel got in really late? got stuck in traffic? got stopped by the policel

l:<t

nrnht

' ? 7 ? ? . ? - . J - r . - . . . : J
l ' l '

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

listen
Are there any places you would never go out to in your town? Why not?

t . Haveyou ever beenchattedup by someonemuch

younger than youl W hat happenedl 2. What's the worst club,disco or party you've ever beentol What made it so bad? 3 . How often do you eat foreignfoodl What's your favourite? 4. Do you ever feel you watch a bit too muchTV and that you shouldgo out a bit more instead?

While

listen

Rose and Lucy are having breakfast in the fi O J kitchen of tne flat they tf,.t". Listen to them talking about what they did last night. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to answer these questions. l. What did Roseand Lucydo after work? 2. What time did they go to bed? Listen again and try to fill in the gaPs in the conversation below.

Real Englishs I bet he hadn'teven L

started shaving. It is very common for friendsto makecomments I bet ... . to eachother starti ng going to the porty! I bet John's to osk Angie youA gone! I bet you'rewishing I bet their cor will breokdown!

Reol Englisht get a cab

for a taxi. Cab is correct spokenEnglish Yougeto cob.l'll wolk.

We sayI bet ... when we are fairlysure that what we are saying is true.

The Worst Disco in Town!

Lucy: Hey,Rose, there'sa letter for you. Rose:Thanks.You must'vegot in late last night.I didn't ev enhe a ry o u c o m e i n - a n d (l ) . . after one. yes.I went and met some old friends Lucy: I did,actually, from collegethat I hadn'tseenfor ages. . . . ?That must'vebeen nice. Rose:Oh, (2) we had a drink and a chat and caughtup with Lucy: Yes, You know what it's like. all the gossip. Ros e:Uh- huh . . and then another Lucy: Then we had (3) . . . . . goingon to drink and then we (4) this awfuldiscoin town. No, surely Rose:Oh, did youl Which one?Not Stardust! not Stardust? - and it was really Lucy: I'm afraidit was,actually terrible,just full of kids and the musicwas so loud (5) . . . lt was like beingbackat Kids of fourteenactingas if schoolall over again. they were eighteen! Rose:I could've told you that! Lucy: This boy came up to me - you know, bottle of and askedme to actingall macho, beer in his hand, dance!| bet he hadn'tevenstartedshaving! Ros e:A nd did y o u l Luc y : W hat ?D a n c ew i th h i m?(6 ) . . I told him I was thirty-five! l Then Rose:You'reso cruel. Lucy: Well, I just figuredit was better he found out (7) . . . that I was old enoughto be his mum! to be there talkingto Rose:I thoughtyou were supposed ol d fri ends. you couldn't Lucy: I was,but there was so much noise, And then to top reallyhavea proper conversation. the lasttrain home and had to get a it all,I missed . three! caband (8) .. this exhausted Rose:Didn't you?Youmust be feeling morni ng, then. Lucy: Yeah, I could do with another hour or two in bed, . , what about that'sfor sure. (9) . . you?How was your night? on my Rose:Oh, it was OK. I just did a bit of shopping way home,cooked myselfsome ramennoodles. L u c y :C o o k e d yourse( l f1 0 ). Lucy: Oh, OK. and then I iust did a Rose:They'rereallyquick and easy, or you know,nothingamazing bit of tidying-up, anything, read for a bit,watched( | l) . - some film - you know the kind of thing that'son I was so tired, I fell late on Channel 4. Actually, i n the mi ddl eof i t! asl eep Lucy: Oh, don't!You're makingme feel evenmore exhausted! ........ I noodles. you know,just Japanese Rose:Ramennoodles,

56

9 Last night

t n g gra{fitf tVf Us
Responding with auxiliaryverbs
Look at these common ways of responding to f, v7 what someone says. Then listen and practise saying the expressions in colour. Auxiliary question + follow-up question -1, I met our old English teacheron the train last night. B: Oh, did y ou?How i s s h e ? : She's fine,shet working at another school now, teaching youngerkids. Auxiliary question + follow-up comment ': H.y - great news! I've just passedmy drivingtest! B. Oh, haveyoul Congratulations. You must be really pleased. : Yes, it's excellent. Now all I need is the moneyfor a car. First respond to the statements l-8 with an auxiliary question. For examplezCon you? Hove you? Then add one of the follow-up comments atr.

Talking
Complete these sentence starters in ways that are true for you. lf you can, think of things which are interesting or unusual. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. I can. I'd really love to Believeit or not, I've never When I was younger, I once Lastnightl....

Now tell a partner what you've written. Your partner should respond first by using an auxiliary question and then by adding a follow-up question or comment. Try to continue these conversations for as long as you can.
For more information on how to use auxiliary verbs when responding, see G I l.

t . A:
B:
f\:

rt or not.

B: 3 . A: I had a fight with my boy/girlfriend yesterday.

B : . . . . . . . . .?.

4. A: I was thinkingof goingto rhe circusthis

weekend.

B: 5 . A : I think I'm gettingthe flu. B: ....? 6. A: I usuallyplayfootball on Saturdays.

B :. . . . . . . . ? .. 7. A: Eventually, I'd like to end up livingoverseas. B : . . . . . . . . .?. 8. A, I'm goingto see Marco tonight. B : . . . . . . . . .?. Who do you playfor? How was it? S ay ' Hello' f r om me . Haveyou sorted everythingout yet? Keep awayfrom me, then. Where's it onl t. So,when are you goingto invite me round for d innert,hen? h. An)rwhere particularin mind? With a partner, practise reading out the diatogues aboye, but add a third comment - as in the two examples at the top of the page. a. b. c. d. e. f.

L a s tn i q l r l

M a k i n g s u r ey o u u n d e r s t a n d
How do you feel when you don't understand something someone has iust said to you? How do you deal with this problem? When someone says something in a conversation that you don't understand, it is not enough to say simply that you don't understand. Here are some ways of making it clear exactly what you don't understand. I surfedthe net last night. B : Y ou did w h a t l a s tn i g h tl aroundon the lnternet. Surfedthe net - played to Phuketlastyear. I went on holiday B : Y ouwent w h e re ? lt's a beachresort in Thailand. Phuket. ( Listen and practise the dialogues above with O d ^par t ne r. Now complete these dialogues by writing questions to make it clear exactly what you don't understand. l. B: two thousandpounds. Over two grand, 2. B: place. I n B el l i n i ' s th , a t n e w l ta l i a n 3. B: this great articlelast night. I downloaded . . . . .I you know,copiedit off an article, I downloaded the lnternet. I arrivedhere on BoxingDay. B: ...'.1 On Boxing Day,you know,the daYafter 26th December. Christmas. 5. I went bungee iumpinglastyear in Canada. . . . . .? B: a from you when you know, Bungee iump iumping, your legs. round bridgewith elastic T his s h i rt c o s t m e e i g h tyq u i d . B: Eightyquid,you know,eightypounds. 7. I found a babywren in my gardentoday. . . . . .I a s tn i g h t. I had d i n n e ri n Be l l i n i ' ls . . . . .I My car cost over two grand. . ' . . .?

Real English3

My car cost over

two grand.

I n i n f o r m a l s p o k e n E n g l i s ha g r a n d i s o n e t h o u s a n d p o u n d s .I n n u m b e r s i x i n E x e r c i s e3 e i g h t y q u i d i s i n f o r m a l B r i t i s h E n g l i s hf o r e i g h t y p o u n d s .

In the conversation on page 66, Lucy says: 'l didn't get in until three.' Why didn't she say: 'l got in at three?'

Complete these sentences by choosing the more appropriate of the two choices. l . I h a d t o w o r k l a t e ,s o . . . a. I got home at seven b. I didn'tget home until seven so ... 2. The traffic on the way was really heavy, a. I didn'tget there until ntne b. I got there at nine 3 . W e m a n a g e dt o g e t t h e b u s O K , s o . . . a.we were there by nine b. we weren't there until nlne 4. I was a late starter. a . I d i d n ' t h a v ea g i r l f r i e n du n t i l I w a s t w e n t y - o n e b . I h a d a g i r l f r i e n dw h e n I w a s t w e n t y - o n e 5. I just had a fairly quiet night. a. I didn't get to bed until eleven b. I went to bed at eleven 6 . T h e r e w e r e t h r e e s t a n d i n go v a t i o n s .T h e c o n c e r t . . . at I l:30 a .f i n i s h e d b . d i d n ' tf i n i s hu n t i l I l : 3 0 , o n s i d e r i n g. . . . 7 . I ' m n o t t o o b a d a t E n g l i s hc a . I d i d n ' t s t a r t s t u d y i n gu n t i l I w a s e i g h t e e n b . I s t a r t e d s t u d y i n gw h e n I w a s e i g h t e e n 8. I was so busy that ... . at midday a. I had breal<fast b . I d i d n ' t h a v e b r e a k f a s tu n t i l m i d d a y Can you explain your choice in each example?

4.

6.

Discuss
With a partner, answer these questions. Try to use not until . . . . Give reasons for your answers. You don't have to tell the truth. l . W hat ti me di d you get i n l astni ghtl 2. When did you haveyour first boy/girlfriend? 3. W hat ti me di d you go to bed l astni ght ? E ngl i shl 4. W hen di d you start studyi ng

B: 8.
B:

..'..? its nest. of out A babywren. lt must'vefallen We went to Alton Towers at the weekend. .....1 like park, lt's a kind of theme To Alton Towers. Dis ne y l a n d b, u t mu c hs ma l l e r.

Compare your answers with your partner, then practise the dialogues above in pairs.

68

9 Last night

Linking
Cln page 66, Lucy talked about the disco: It was so loud,I could hardlyhear myself think.' This is a common way of linking two ideas: lwas very tired. | ftll asleep in the middleof the film. - | was so tired,I fell asleep in the middleof the film. l'ld<e sentences by matching the beginnings l-8 b the endings a-h. l. lt was so cold, There's a thief in the class! At I pm last night, a terrible crime was committed - your teacher's car was stolen from the school car park. The police suspect two students from this class.

t . The class decides which two students are most

likely to have committed the crime. The pair of suspects leave the room to prepare their story. They should try to use as much language from this unit as possible. (Where were you when the crime happened? Who were you withlWhat were you doingl All the detailsare important!)

L I was so exhausted, 3. I was so hungry,

1. It was so hot, 5. His conversation was so dull, 6. I was so angry, 7. I was so worried,

8. The film was so bad,

a- I could'vekilledhim! b. I rangthe police.

J J J J J J -J J

2. The rest of the class prepare to interview the

two students. (What will you ask theml)

3 . Student one comes back into the room alone

and is interviewed by the class. When the interview is finished, student two comes in to be interviewed.

4. When both students have been interviewed,

the class vote. Are they both guilty? ls only one guilty? What should happen to them? Decide on a suitable punishment!

c. I could hardlybreathe. d. I walked out halfwaythrough. e. I just went straightto bed as soon as I got in. f. I could hardlysrop myselffrom yawning.

t- my handsfelt like they were goingto fall off.

h. I could'vecarriedon eatingall night!

Listen,then say all these sentences, making sure you stress so.

conversations
With a partner, complete these diatogues using ideas of your own. For example: A: So,how was that club you went tol B: Terrible!Themusicwas so loud,I just had to leave. l. A: So,what was that film like you saw last nightl B: Well,to be honest, it was so bad,... . 2. A: What was the food like in that Frenchplaceyou went tol B: Really good.lt was so deliciouS, ... 3. A: So,did you do anythingspeciallast nightl B: No, I was so exhausted, | ... . 4. A: So,how did your meetinggo last night? B: T er r ible, it wa s s o ... , | ... . A: So,did you sort everythingout with your boss yesterdayl B: No,I got so ... , | ... . 6 . A: So,did you passyour drivingtest? B : No, I ' m af r aidn o t. I w a s s o ... , | ...
For morc information on how to use this linking structune,see G 13.

Ji: !.'i t

'l

l ' - - , ' / ' ? l i 7 . a'

ot c . a . . t o'

Speaking
Do you think any of the sentences l-9 in Exercise describe the people in the picture below? Compare what you think with a partner.
For more information on how to use these structures, s e eG 1 4 .

Judging

appearances

Which of the peoPle in the Picture below do you find most/least attractive? Why? Comptete these sentences by adding looks, looks like or looks as if. l. He/she 2. He/she 3. He/she 4. He/she 5. He/she 6. He/she 7. He/she 8. He/she 9. He/she got some kind of disease' . . . . he's/she's ....amodelorsomething. ....abitofanerd. ....abitdull. wouldn't sayboo to a goose' . . . . he/she . . . . q u i t es e x Y . ....areal creeP. about to collapse. . . . . he's/she's ....abitdown.

Recrl EnglishS

a real creep/a bit of a nerd

word usedto describe Creep is a very negative male- who makes someonevery weird - usually Nerd is a negative women feel uncomfortable. malesomeone- usually word usedto describe suchas with a hobby, who is so obsessed any developed really haven't they that computers, ski l l s. soci al Haveyou ever met anyonelike this?

70

10 Relationshios

UgirtgJr.aeular 1
First decide if these adjectives describe character or appearance or both. Then mark them P or N, depending on whether you think they are positive or negative.

2l I bet
When we make guesses about people based on their appearance, we often use I bet + a statement. For example: A: He looks like a bit of a nerd. B: I know. I bet he'sstudyingcomputingor something like that. A: He looks a bit mad. B: I know. I bet he likes playing practicaljokes on people. With a partner, haye conversations like this about the people in the pictures at the bottom of the Page.

J J J J J J J J

muscular pushy plain forward warm quiet skinny down-to-earth

J J -J -J -J J J I

flirty sexy macho unpredictable dishy mature cuddly hairy

Chat-up
lf you chat somebody up, you talk to them in a friendly way to show that you're attracted to them.'Chat-up lines' are openings that people use when they want to chat you up. Decide which of the following you think are the best and worst chat-up lines. Compare your answers with a partner. l. Do you come here often? - | think they'remissing 2. Someone call heaven an angel. 3. What's a nicegirl/guylike you doing in a placelike thi sl 4. Are you here by yourself? 5. Excuseme, but haveyou got a light? 6. Can I get you a drink? 7. Has anyoneever told you you'vegot reallylovely eyes? 8. What are you doing afterwards? Has anyone eyer tried to use these chat-up lines or similar versions in your own language - on you? Have you ever used any yourself? Can you think of any other chat-up lines you'ye ever heard? Did they work?

Now describe someone else in your class to your partner using some of the adjectives above. See if th.y can guess who you're talking about.

Real Englishs dishy

lf you find someonedishy, you find them physically attractive.Some dictionariessaythat this is a rather old-fashioned word, but manyyoung British peoplein their twentiesuse it, particularly women.

71

10 Relationships

Which of the following are most important for you in a partner or friend? Give each of the following ideas a score ( l-5): I means you think it is not important;5 is very important. money senseof humour age looks nationality dresssense intelligence cooking ability honesty religion

reallu
The latest census in the UK has confirmed that inter-racial marriages are increasingly common, leading many journalists to claim that we are a totally tolerant society. However, despite what the census might suggest, the truth is that the vast majority of us tend to eventually marry a partner not only of the same race, but also of the same religion, class, age and background. While mixed marriages of various descriptions may be on the increase, prejudice and social and family pressures are still very much alive, and love cannot always overcome them. We talked to two couples about their experiences.

J J J J J -J J J J J

Rachel McCarthy and David Brown decided to leave Belfast, the city in Northern Ireland that they both grew up in and where their parents still live, when they got married last year. Rachel is a Catholic and David is Protestant. The two halves of the Christian religion are still deeply divided in Northern lreland, and although the bombing and killing which occurred between the two communities has largely stopped, as Rachel and David know, people in mixed marriages are 'We actually found it difficult to find a often ostracised and verbally abused. place to live in Belfast because areas tend to be either Catholic or Protestant. That's really why we left. Over here, we just look the same as everyone else and no one really knows - or cares - that we have different backgrounds. It has been very difficult, though, because we haven't had any support from our families. Neither sets of parents have really come to terms with our relationship and that's obviously been very painful.'

Prepositions
Before you read the article, complete these sentences with a suitable preposition. Check your answers after you've read the text.

t . It was awful when I had to break

the news of our grandmother's death . . .. my brother. My girlfriend's a belly-dancer. I was worried that my parents wouldn't approve .. .. her. .. my boy'riendfor almost six years. 4. Personally, I dont reallygo I much prefer . . .. blondes. brunettes.

Jamie Brodlin is twenty now and has been going out with his partner, Jane Fisher, for three years. Believe it or not, Jane has just turned sixty! They met when Jamie was out clubbing with three friends. Jane was working in the cloakroom and when Jamie came up to her and started chatting her up, she 'l thought he was pulling her leg. thought he was just some lad with too many beers inside him who was doing it all for a bet. It was only later when he phoned me up to ask me out on a date, I realised just how mature and sensible he really is.' Jamie says: 'To be honest, I never have gone for girls my own age. I tend to find

3 . I've beengoingout . .

5 . He kept on askingme all these

so really personalquestions, I just told him it was none . . . . h i sb u s i n e s s ! It took the childrena long time ....the tocometoterms death of their rabbit.

them a bit immature. They usually just want to talk about music and shopping, whereas you can have a proper conversation with someone who's older. I guess Jane was quite a bit older than my previous girlfriend, but there was just something about her and about the way she moved and hung up the coats that caught my eye. She's a very warrn and appealing sort of woman. My mates did think it was a bit weird, but I just told them it's none of their business, and now

What do you think a mixed marriage is?What advantages and disadvantages do you think there are to mixed marriages?

they don't really ask about Jane. Jane often stays in with my parents when I go out clubbing. She says she's too old for that kind of thing these days, which is ftne. I was worried that my parents wouldn't approve of her when I first broke the news to them, but they've been fantastic. They found it a bit difficult to accept I uras in love with someone old enough to be my gran, but when they met her, they just got on really well. I don't know if ure'll ever get married. We'll see.

A Now read the article and f l r"" if any of your ideas are mentioned.

We haven't really talked about it.'

72

10 Relationshios

tDid the article mention any advantages or -Gadvantages to mixed marriages that you ddn't think of? Do you think the two relationships described in ||te article are likely to last? Why/why not? Which of the two couptes ... l. L 3. 1. 5. get on well with their parents? havebeen insultedin the streetl f'aced a lot of discrimination? dont socialise very much togetherl havebeen ignored by most people in their societyl

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Haveyou ever gone out with anyonemuch older or youngerthan yourself? 2. How do you feel about relationships where there'sa largeage difference? 3. How would your parentsand friends react if you started going out with someonemuch older or youngerthan you? 4. How would you feel about marryinga divorceel

Whv?
5. How do you know when you're in love? 6. Would you considermarryingsomeoneif there was a big age difference? What do you think of relationships betweenthese pairs of people? a. a man of fifty and a girl of eighteen a woman of fifty and a boy of eighteen b. a man of twenty-fiveand a girl of eighteen a woman of twenty-five and a boy of eighteen c. a man of eightyand a woman of thirty a woman of eighty and a man of thirty How would you complete these statements? I wouldn'tget involved with anyone who ... I'd nevermarry someonewho . .. Can you think of any famous people who have had relationships with people much older or younger than themselves?

Now go back and underline the parts of the article which confirm your answers.

Complete these sentences with words from the article. l. Marriages between people of differentreligionsis . . . . c o m m o nn o w . 2. There was a lot of family a doctor. .. . . on me to become

3. My mum didnt approveof my girlfriend,but I got a lotof ....from my sister. 4. A: Excuseme, but is there somewhereI can leavemy coat? B: Yes, just at the top of the there'sa . . . . stairs. 5. He's a typical macho . . . . , you know alwaysout for a good time with his mates. 6. I don't know about you, but personallyI don't find that kind of man very . . .. . He's a bit too tall for me.

Stagesof a relationship
Decide in which order you think the following would probably occur. Use a dictionary or ask your teacher to help you with any yocabulary you are not sure of. a. My wife/husband and I are separated. b. I'm getting married next week. c. We've just got engaged. d. I'm goingout with him/her. e. My marriageis on the rocks. f. We're havingmarriageguidancecounselling. g. I proposedto her/him last night. h. We're in the processof getting divorced.

Reol Englishs I thought he waspuiling

my leg lf someonepulls your leg,they are loking with you.

-J J J J J -l J J

Now compare your order with your partner and explain your choices. Do any of the sentences a-h above describe any people you know?

10 Relationships

Usirl
Expressions with modals
Complete the fixed expressions in the short dialogues below with the modal verbs in the box. can might must could couldn't should

Grammar in context
With a partner, choose which of the nine expressions in Exercise I is the best response to the following. l. We spent the whole day on the beachyesterday. I 2. Can you believe they wouldn't let me in because was wearingjeans? weren't 3 . There were so many kids there yesterday, there?

l . A : I usedmy best chat-upline on her,and then she went and told me she was married! 've B: | . . . . told you that. I thought it was common knowledge. must be one of the best clubs in town. 2. A: Paddy's B: Y ou . ...s a y th a t a g a i n !W h aa t n i g ht! 3 . A : The food there was terrible - again! B: Well, you . . . .'ve known better after what lasttime. happened

4. That guy Mike we met last night is a bit of a nerd,

don't you think? So,what was that exhibitionyou went to last week like? Any goodl

4. A: Does Rob ever invite you round to his place? B: You . ... be joking!Rob neverinvitesanyone
round to his place.

Look at another useful modal verb expression from the conversation that you heard in Unit 9 between Rose and Lucy. Rose: Lucy: this morning, You must be feelingexhausted then. I could do with another hour or two in Yeah, bed,that'sfor sure.

5. A: I went for a walk with my parents yesterday

afternoon,down by the river. B: Oh, that . . . .'vebeen nice. You had some lovelyweather for it.

6. A: So,did you havea good chat with Stevelast nightl B: N o t r e a l l y , n o | ......... l t.w a ss o l o u di n t h e p u b ,
hardlyhear myself think!

Complete the sentences below using I could do with and one of the expressions in the box. a bit more time more money somethingto eat some help l. ls anyonefree? This thing'sreally heavy. | didn't get a 2. Hey,can we pop in here for a snack? chanceto haveanythingearlier. 3. I'm so tired staringat this computerscreen.. . . a break a good night'ssleep a lie-in a holiday

7. A: Did you seeJamietrying to chat up the cloakroom

attendantlast night?

B: Yes,I know.I just

it. She's old . . .. believe enoughto be his grandmother.

8. A: We climbedover the fence and went for a swim in

their pool last night. . . . be mad doing that!They'vegot an alsatian and a rottweiler! 9. A: My husband forgot my birthday- again! B: You never know. He might be planning to surprise you later. A : Yes,right! And pigs . . . .fly!

B: You .

Complete the nine expressions used above.

4. I haven'tquite finishedit yet.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Pigs. b eenni ce. . .say that again! be ioking! . be mad! it! believe ...toldyouthat. . . . . h a r d l y h e a rm y s e ltfh i n k ! .. known better! ..........! ...,tobehonest

5. I've been up to my ears in work this month. .. . 6.

;,;;""; ;;,,*J :::::l::: ;;;""",r;,r;; . . . tomorrow, that's for sure.

tonight,if possible. I mean,I alwaysend up broke by the end of the month. seeGlS. For morc informationon horvto usemodals,

7. I'm pretty tired. 8. I'm pretty happ)rat work, but . .

74

Discuss Tend to
In t he ar t ic le on p a g e 7 2 ,l a rn i e s a i d th a t h e tends to f ind gir ls his o w n a g e a b i t i m m a tu re . We often use tend to after the subject of a se nt enc e and be fo re a n o th e r v e rb . l t me a n s 'g e ner ally , but n o t a l w a y s ' . W e a l s o u s e i t a lot t o t alk abou t o u r h a b i ts . Com plet e t hes e s e n te n c e s i n w a y s th a t a re true fo r y ou and t hen c o m p a re y o u r a n s w e rs w i th your Pa r t ner . I t end t o wat c ha b o u t I : i : I t e n dt o s p e n d about studying English. . .. . h o u rso f T V a day. . . . . h o u r sa w e e l < . . . . m o s r n i ghts, Do you agree with these statements? Tick those you agree with and compare your answers with a partner. Try and explain your choices.

t. 2. 3. 4. 5.

M e n t e n d t o e a t m o r e j u n l <f o o d t h a n w o m e n . W o m e n t e n d t o b e m u c h m o r e c a r e f u ld r i v e r s . Women tend to tal<elonger to get ready to go out. Men tend to be much more selfish. Men tend to be more into sports.

The cl ass w i l l now spl i t i nto mal e/femal e gr oups and your teacher w i l l gi ve you a few mi nute s t o come up w i th some more i deas about the di fferences betw een men and w omen. Make sur e each sentence uses tend to - you don' t w an t t o start World War Three, do you! Once you have come up w i th a l i st you al l agr ee w i th, fi nd a partner of the opposi te sex and explain what you have written. Do you agree on the differences between the sexes or does one sex tend to have more ri di cul ous i deas than the other?!

I t end t o go t o b e d a t a b o u t and I t end t o g e t u p a t a ro u n d | t end t o s pen da b o u r I tend to try and . . can.

. . . . mostdays. . . at leasttwice a weel<, if I

I t end t o ear c h o c o l a te ma y b e | t end t o do s o me s p o rt o r s o m e e x e rc i s e maybe . e v e ryw e e l < e n d i f,I h a v ethe ri me,

3 | t end t o . . . of course.

Who's harder-working, you or your partner? Who's healthier? Who's lazier?

Lig's3rring
Before you listen
Have you eYer not recognised somebody you knew? When? What happened? How many different reasons for not recognising someone can you think ofl

Hair today,gone tomorrow!

Cathy: So,we've got to take this one and then changeat Cannon Street, right? that's it. Hey,( l) . . Diane: Yes, with what happened

me and my dad on the undergroundlast yearl Cathy: No, go on, whatl

Whileyou
Oiane and Cathy are taking A | ? ttt" underground across London, chatting as they go. Listen to Diane talking about a strange thing that happened to her. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to answer these questions. l . W her e and w h e n d i d th i s h a p p e n to Diane? What 2. What was the problem? in the endl happened

Diane: Well, (2) ..

, I decidedto get all my hair cut reallylong hair - ever off, right?| alwaysused to havereally, since I was about fourteen or fifteen,you know - way down past - parted in the middlelike curtains. So, my shoulders , about a week after I had it all cut off, you know - reallyshort - and I looked quite different. (3) . .

I bet. Cathy: Yeah, (4) . . Diane: So,anyway, home on the tube, and I was it was five or six o'clock and I was just half asleepbecause - and little did I know there, (5) . . standing

trip that my dad was actuallycoming backfrom a business through London on the undergroundto get his abroad, passing train backto Durham. And (6) .. ? He got as me!The doors closedbehindhim.So into the samecarriage there face to facewith my own father! there I am, standing him at first, but then I think,'Ah,that's my dad" I dont recognise only seenme with reallylong hair and,of course,he'sobviously for the last ten years,and so (7) . . staringat him and he (8) . . there, at me on glancing

Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the conversation.

Real Englisht pinch

his wallet you lf you pinchsomething, steal it. Pinchis a very informal word.

Speaking
Do you ever ignore people you know? In what situations? What's the strangest/most interesting thing that's ever happened to you while you were travelling?

this lunaticstaringat mel' and I'm nervously,thinking,'Who's feelingnot being thinking- you know it's the strangest by your own dad so I just stood there thinking, recognised 'Well, (9) .. just get off at the next stop without tellinghim,or ( l0) . . risk giving him a nervousbreakdownand a heart attack by saying,'Hello, ....1 went,'Hello,dad' )l. . . . d a d l 'B u t , a n y w a y ,l ( 'Diane!' and then said how he was Settingreally and he went, worried becausehe thought I was a pick-pocketor a drug addict(12) . .who'd beengettingreadyto pinch his wallet or something and,um, yeah,that was a Pretty strangeand funny thing. Cathy: Yeah,reollystrange.

76

i t i t t ' j?
t

' i - ' ?

t , J r:Lrli7!

1 r Hairstvles
-

l'latch the descriptions l-8 to the picturesA-H.

I J 3 . She's got a fringe. -J 4 . He'sgot dreadlocks. J 5 . She's got dyed red hair. J 5 . She's got pigtails. J 7 . She's got hair extensions. J 8 . He'sgot short backand sides. J
I

He'sgot spikyhair.

2 . She's got curly hair.

Have you ever thought of changing your hairstyle, d yeing y our hair o r b l e a c h i n g i t b l o n d ? Have you ever had a really bad, unusual or different haircut? How did people react to it?

Slang
In the conyersation you heard pinch his wallet. Match the slang words l-8 to the neutral equivalents a-h. l . C h u c ki t t o m e . 2. Have you got a fagl 3. They went out boozing. 4. My bicycle's been nicked. 5. I've decided to flog the car. 6 . lt only c os t t en q u i d . 7. He'sa reallynice bloke. 8 . He f lippedhis li d . a . l o s t h i s te m per b. stolen c. throw d. s e l l e. d ri n k i n g f . crSarette g. p o u n d s h . ma n

Always be careful with slang. You may think you know what a slang word means, but sometimes it has an extra meaning. In the examples in this exercise, boozing means drinking in order to get drunk. Slang is a dangerous area in all languages and you should always check with a teacher before using it.

Spea king
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Haveyou ever flippedyour lid? Whyl 2. Has anything of yours ever been nicked? What happenedl

11 Telling stories

Differentkindsof stories
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. Then underline the expressions formed with the words. bedtime inside old tall hard-luck love

Tellinga story
Look at the pictures below and try to imagine the stories. The expressions below will help you tell the stories. Work with a partner. Use one expression from each group and plan how to tell each story. A. Introducing your story Did I ever tell you about the time I I must'vetold you about the time I Did I ever tell you about this friend of mine who B. Giving background details A few yearsago,when this friend of mine was LastAugust when my familywas on holidayin C. Introducing the problem ... A l l of a sudden, ... Then suddenl y, D. How the problem was solved Well, what happened in the end was

t . The story of Romeo and Julietmust be one of the

world's greatest . .. stories. I ended up sitting besidethis guy who d iust got divorcedand lost his job. I spentthe whole six-hour .. . story. to his flight listening

3 . A: The lift's broken down again!

B: The same . . . story,then! ... story.

4. The kids saythey won't go to sleepunlessyou 8o uP

and read them their why Nobody understands 5. You'rea friend of Jane's. Come on, you must know the . . she'sleaving. story!

6. A: Jasontold everyoneat work that heU won to leaveit in a taxi! but then managed f 10,000, lt soundslike B: I wouldnt believea word he says. . stories. another one of his . .

E. Finishing off the story things It was one of the funniest/silliest/strangest/worst to me! that's ever happened Lookingback on it, it was all very exciting/interesting/ strange/upsetting. It seemsfunny now, but it didn't seem like that at the time! see For more informationon tenseusatein storytelling,

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. What are the most famouslove stories in your country? 2. Do you know anyonewho tells tall stories? 3. What bedtime stories can you rememberfrom when you were a kidl

Iing expressions Storytel

fi First complete the dialogue below with the ld *otas in the box. Then listen and check your answers.
well you're joking really so go on anyway

to me in France A: Did I tell you about what happened last yearl B: No, I dont think you did.( I) . . in with my Parents A: (2) .. . ., I was on holiday this little villagenear the sea,and we ran out of money.

B: ( 3 ) . . A: Yes,(4)

..?That'sawful. . . . . we went into town to find a cash - w h i c hw e d i d ,n o t r o u b l e .( 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . , machine it iust started when we put the card in the machine, spiaing out loadsand loadsof money.

.. ! So did you keep itl B: (6) . . A: Of coursewe did!Wouldn'tyoul

Practise reading out the dialogue with a partnea

78

11 Telirns q t o re s

J J .

"
J J

-ing clauses
Itrn dre conyersation on page 76, Diane says:.1was standing there - minding my own business.' ltr,rst

Now report some of your sentences to the whole class and see who has made the funniest examples.

Pronunciation
r' 't I t-:tt"n and notice where the speakerpauses:

Not ic e t hat s he d i d n o t s a y :' l w a s s ta n d i n g ctere. I was minding my own business.' Crpss out the words which are not needed in these Jntences.
I saw a man. He was breaking into a car. Two firemen died. They were trying to get a child out of the blazingflat. The car broke down. lt was going up the hill. He had a heart attack. He was playinggolf. I was smnding outside the bank. I was waiting for a
DUS.

There was this great big dog,sittingthere,barkingat me. Listen to these short sections of speech and mark the pauses. l . l t w as fi ve or si x o' cl ockand I w as j ust standi ng there,mi ndi ng my ow n busi ness. 2. My dad was actually comingbackfrom a business trip abroad, passing through London. 3. H e keepson gl anci ng at me,thi nki ng,,W ho'this s l unati c stari ng at me?' 4. I was dancing about in the streer, actinglike a fool. 5. I w as l yi ngthere on the ground, screami ng i n pain. Now listen again and underline the strongest stress like this: There was this great big dog,sittingthere,barkingat me. Practise saying the sentences above, stressing the correct syllables and pausing in the right ptaces. Then do the same w i th the sentences l -12 i n E xerci se l .

The policecaughtthem.They were trying to break int o t he s hop. We caughtsightof the Queen.Shewas drivingpast on the way to the funeral. We had to wait ten minutes. We were standing out s idein r he p o u ri n gra i n . S om ec hildr en w e re i n th e s h o p .T h e y w e re s teal i ng sweets. Look back at the conversation on page 16 and co m plet e t hes e s e n te n c e s . 0. lt was five or six o'clock and I was just standing t her e, I. M y dad was ac tu a l l y c o m i n gb a c kfro m a b u s i n ess tripabroad,.... 1 2 . He k eeps on gla n c i n t at me,

S p e a kn ig
Re-tell your story from page 78 to a different partner. This time, try to use some -ing clauses.

Practice
With a partner, complete these sentences by adding as many -ing ctauses as you can.

t. There was this reallystrange-looking guy,. . 2. I was r us hing ar ou n dm a d l y , 3 . o. rnr^;", , ;", o;t ;, .

.. "h8,

4 . So there we were, in this fancy restaurant

5 . ;r r.:;" *.r r,,

"r

there in tr'" o;. . .

6 . Ther ewas t his hu g ec ro w d o u ts i d e th e p a rl i a ment building, ...and

79

11 Tellino stories

Differentkindsof stories
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. Then underline the expressions formed with the words. bedtime inside old tall hard-luck love

Telling
Look at the pictures below and try to imagine the stories. The expressions below will help you tell the stories. Work with a partnea Use one expression from each group and plan how to tell each story. A. lntroducing your story Did I ever tell you about the time | ... I must'vetold you about the time | ... Did I ever tell you about this friend of mine who B. Giving background details A few yearsago,when this friend of mine was LastAugustwhen my familywas on holidayin C. lntroducing the problem A l l of a sudden, ... Then suddenl y, ... D. How the problem was solved Well, what happened in the end was

t . The story of Romeo and Julietmust be one of the

world's greatest .. . stories.

2. I ended up sitting besidethis guy who d just got

divorcedand lost his job. I spentthe whole six-hour flight listening to his . . . story.

3 . A: The lift's broken down again!

B: The same .. . story,then! .. . story.

4. The kids saythey wont go to sleepunlessyou go up

and read them their

5 . You'rea friend of Jane's. Nobody understands why

she'sleaving. Come on, you must know the story! 6. A: Jasontold everyoneat work that he'd won f 10,000, but then managed to leaveit in a taxi! B: I wouldn't believea word he says. lt soundslike anotherone of his .. . stories.

E. Finishing off the story It was one of the funniest/silliest/strangest/worst things that'sever happened to me! Looking back on it, it was all very exciting/interesting/ strange/upsetting. It seemsfunny now, but it didn't seem that at the time!

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. What are the most famouslove stories in your countryl 2. Do you know anyonewho tells tall storiesl 3. What bedtime stories can you rememberfrom when you were a kid?

For more information on tense usate in storytelling, see G

Storytel Ii ng expressions
A First complete the dialogue below with the f ? words in the box. Then tisten and check your

answers.
well you're joking really so go on anyway

A: Did I tell you about what happened to me in France last year?

B: No, I dont think you did.( l) . . A: (2) . . .. , I was on holidaywith my parentsin

this little villagenear the sea,and we ran out of money.

":

B: ( 3 ) . . A: Yes,(4)

..lThat'sawful.

. . . . we went into town to find a cash m a c h i ne w h i c hw e d i d ,n o t r o u b l e .( 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . , when we put the card in the machine, it just started spittingout loadsand loadsof money. B: (6) . . .. ! So did you keep it?

A: Of coursewe did!Wouldnt youl Practise reading out the dialogue with a partner.

78

11 Telling stories

5f fr

Now report some of your sentences to the whole class and see who has made the funniest examples.

In the conyersation on page 76, Diane says:.1was just standing there - minding my own business.'

Pronunciation
/^ 'f J l-:tt.n and notice where the speaker pauses:

Notice that she did not say:'l was standing tfrere. I was minding my own business.' Cross out the words which are not needed in these sntences. l. I saw a man.He was breakinginto a car. 2. Two firemen died.They were trying ro get a child out of the blazing flat. 3. The car broke down. lt was goingup the hill. 4. He had a heart attack.He was playing golf. 5. I was standing outside the bank.I was waiting for a bus.

There was this grear big dog,sittingthere, barkingat me. Listen to these short sections of speech and mark the pauses.

t . It was five or six o'clockand I was just standing

there,mindingmy own business.

2. My dad was actuallycoming back from a business trip

abroad, passing through London.

3 . He keepson glancing at me,thinking,'Who's this

lunaticstaringat me?' I was dancingabout in the street,actinglike a fool. I was lyingthere on the ground,screaming in pain. Now listen again and underline the strongest stress like this: There was this great big dog,glttingthere, barkingat me. Practise saying the sentences above, stressing the correct syllables and pausing in the right places. Then do the same w i th the sentences l -12 in Exercise l.

6. The police caughtthem. They were trying to break

into the shop.

7. We caughtsight of the Queen.Shewas driving past

on the way to the funeral. We had to wait ten minutes.We were standing outsidein the pouringrain. 9 . Somechildrenwere in the shop.They were stealing sweeB. Look back at the conversation on page 76 and complete these sentences. 10. lt was five or six o'clock and lwas just standing there, I l. My dad was actually comingbackfrom a business tripabroad,... 12. He keepson glancing ar me,

Speaking
Re-tell your story from page 78 to a different partner. This time, try to use some -ing clauses.

For more information on how to use -ing clauses, see G 17.

With a partner, comptete these sentences by adding as many -ing clauses as you can. l. There was this reallystrange-looking guy,. . 2. I was rushingaround madly,

3.

|;, ;,^;;;;r................... ""tn,^dry

4. So there we were, in this fancy restaurant

s ;; ;;:,";' ',;.';; ,;.;;,;.;" ;.;::::::: :: ::

6. There was this huge crowd outside the parliament building, . .. a n d

II

Tellrns ql o r r c , s

3 ] Speaking
D i scussthese questi ons w i th a partner.

Before
Have you ever heard of anyone putting an animal int o a m ic r owa v e o r fi n d i n g a mo u s e i n a pi e or anything like that?

l . H asanythi ng l i kethi s ever happened to you or anyone you know l 2. W hat w oul d you do i f you foundthe fol l owing? ' a spi deri n your bath a caterpi l l ar i n your sal ad a restaurant
a mouse in your bedroom a cocl<roachin your hotel bathroom a s n a k ei n y o u r l < i t c h e n a s p i d e r i n a f r i e n d ' s h a i r ( s h e ' st e r r i f i e d o f t h e m )

While
(

ej

Read t he a rti c l e b e l o w a n d th e n d i s c u ssw i th a par t ner w h e th e r o r n o t y o u th i n k i t' s true.

55pidel"
Have \/nl
_ y" * r f v u r v

1-eard hp storir ol
L r r v , ' c v l J v l

the

q o r t h p r n F n o l : n f l V / e n t l : Oj - i e i d O C t O l
uv!rLtrv11MrYrLrr1,

wornan who drred her cat ln the mrcrowave afteril had got wei - or the one aboutthe woman who openeda
he r u urv n v f, nranzror]

F o t dal tsshe hadn' l j l een al l rel o sLeep b e c a r i s eo f n o i s e s , n l L e i e a r T h e alocior -oiii rtel ilrat 'r:-ir-r,''\ia-s ltot Lo-s ci i-reople ull'.iS-.aha.r.e l-iolseS ln ilelI eaIS ;i3..,.,rgr,rgi, wlen le ,ooked l n to her eal , he gor i re st.ccn of hrs

' q n ' d c ' q l- h p d o r - t o f was able '' nlieklv a'rd qet il free " Y*'""',j

y,vyur--

crlr.l

sdlau

all0

rnrl

ou.

nrr

nn' p upoeO

^ f"r' ^,- {-1rl? Aihorhor lhov:rro O l U I l y - V I U V V . t l l l l . r v I lv v r r u ( . r u r L . t r jL s - v

true or not, we love telhngeachother s c a r ys L o r r e is J n f o r t u n a t et ly h, e s t o r V hfe He could see legs ar..r sottethutg r n n r r i n n I t 1 ^ / , r c 'a . a i 3 g S l t d e L l T h e that foliows rs defrnrtely true
t l l v V 1 1 l V 1 L V V L I U

\v ^ /on An l R a K enl Il] r Lc v vr vr pn l rl rl Jv , v u f u l l u t l 1i r r v ll r t rn v o ' Ill l 1 \ u

w o nan w as absol i i l ei Y i el Lrfred of

W h e r ts p e a k i t t g I O a c (. few days later,the doctorr-.: that that was the fust trmehe r u u | r ia s p r u e-j . \ ' l n g ]n sort. Hrs colleague suggesred sprder was probably loc,. sornewhele warm rn order ,, eggs
f^,r-r-l a onir-lar li-

11 Telling stones

Exaggerating using idioms ldiomaticlanguage

Colourful expressions are a common feature of storytelling, and help to make stories more interesting. As you study this page, try to think what these expressions would be in your own language. In Diane's story about her father not recognising her on the tube, she uses exaggeration in the following way: . . . so I just stood there thinking,'Well, shallI just get off at the next stop without tellinghim,or shallI risk giving him a nervous breakdownand a heart attack by saying, ' H el l o, dad' l ' What do you think she really means here? In English, it is yery common to exaggerate by talking about illnesses,death, killing, and so on. Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. died death l. I'm.. die kill murder (x2) killing dying

ldiomaticcomparisons
We use strong comparisons to emphasise what we are saying. For example: It's a great bike.lt goes like a bomb! He's got a great appetite.He eats like a horse! Complete the sentences below with the expressions in the box. like clockwork like a chimney like a house on fire like a lunatic like dirt like death warmed up like a fish like a log

. . f o r acoffee. .. me!

2. Shegets awaywith 3 . M y f e e ta r e . . 4. ltk . . 5. I nearly 6. I nearly 7. I'm sick to . . . 8. I'd . . . l. I usedto havethis friend who drank . . trying to ger him to do anything. . . . . when he told me that! ....laughing. . of it. . him. . if anybodyelsefound out.

9. lf he does it again, I'll . . .

2. This guy was drivingalong 3. He's horrible to his wife. He treats her
4. When I saw myselfin the mirror, I looked 5. My granddadused to smoke 6. The tube systemin Tokyo runs . 7. I was so exhausted that I slept 8. My sister and I get on . . With a partner, check how many of these comparisons you can remembea Cover the list and test each other. Tell your partner about anybody you know who: . smokes l i k ea . . . ' eatslikea... . driveslikea... . l o o k s l i k e ... i n th e morni ngs

With a partner, discuss what you think the common exaggerations above actually mean. Now add one of the sentences I-9 above to the end of each of the following. a. I usedto be reallyinto dancemusic,but now b. I cant wait to get these new shoesoff and get into a nice hot bath. c. I can't wait for the break. d. That film was so brilliant.lt was so funny. e. And then he said I'd been acceptedfor the team. f. Only you know it's a wig. g. Dad'sa bit too easy-going with her. h. I askedhim time and time againto fix it, but i. That'sthe secondtime he'sthrown his rubbishover into our garden. Do you have similar expressions in your language? Are there any phrases above you wouldn't feel comfortable using?Why?

Have you ever heard any of the following expressions? Can you guess what they mean? I've got a memory like a sieve. I felt like a fish out of water. She spendsmoney like water. When was the last time you slept like a log? Have you ever met anybody who you immediately got on with like a house on fire?

Collocations
. f J -

nice!
With a partner, think of three naughty things that children sometimes do. Add them to this list:

Before you read the text on page 83, make collocations by matching l-8 to a-h.

l . fight with their brothersor sisters 2. watch videosthey shouldn't 3 . experimentwith cigarettes 4. 5. 6.
On your own, decide which of the above are the most and which the least serious. Compare your answers with your partner, and explain your choices. Did you ever do any of the things on your list? Do you know any children who do? Have you heard the saying'Boys will be boys'? Does your language have an equivalent?

t. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

crgarette I was grounded it was burnt to celebrate 80 on a theme treat his credit card

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

to the ground park anniver sar y thei r w eddi ng the other kids to ice cream for a week was refused burns spree a spendi ng

You are going to read about five different young people being left on their own by their parents. With a partner,try to guess what their stories might be, using the eight collocations above.

f . Now read the article and see if you were right. I / Wnich story is the most incredible?Why?

1 2 D i f f r c u l tt o b e i , e Y e

I can't believe it!

We often comment on incredible stories by making questions using the past continuous. These aren't real questions - they are expressions of surprise. We often reply to questions like this using modal verb expressions. Match each question l-3 to two of the responses a-f. l. What were the parentsdoing, leaving all that money lying aroundl 2. What were the securityguards doing,lettinghim on the plane? 3. What was the kid thinkingof, spending all that money? I know! He could'vebeena terrorist or something. b. I know!They should've lockedit away more safely.
c . I know! He must hate his

fuc Alone' is one of the biggestbox office successes in movie history. Along rih fussequel,'Home Alone 2', it grossed overhalf a billion dollars worldwide. fp ask me, they're not particularly funny films. There's too much slapstick horr for my liking - people slipping over or having their facescoveredin Grm but there is somethingabout the films which appealsto a deep-held trasy we all had when we were children: the freedom to escapefrom our Fcils and do whatever we wanted. Uhm I was in my teens,my parentswent awayfor the weekendleaving me and r; si:rteen-year-old brother to fend for ourselves. We immediately rang up all c friends (and our friends rang their friends) and we had a p^rty. The police trne and broke it up at three in the morning becausethe neighbours were arrrrplaining about the noise. when we cleared up the following day, I found hrmdredsof cigaretteburns in the carpet. Luckily, we had an old piece of the strDe carpet lytttg around, so I got my younger brother to go round the house d stick little bits in the holes to coverthem up. It actually looked quite good ad when my parents got back, it seemedthey didn't notice a thing and I tharght we were in the clear. Unfortunately, when my mum came to do the hmvering later in the week,all the bits we'd put in the holescameunstuck.She szrsnot very pleasedand I was groundedfor a week, while my brother got away sith it because he said I'd forced him into it. Typical! Still, this little story is mthing comparedto someof the other horror stories about kids who havebeen left'home alone'. Terry andJerry Schneider didn't just find a few cigarerre burns when they came back, they found their whole house burnt to the ground. The couple had left their two children, agedtwelve and fourteen,in the house,while they went on a romantic weekendto Las Vegasto celebrate their wedding anniversary.The children had bought what they thought were indoor fireworks and were playrng with them. Unfortunately, the explosive Roman candle they lit was for use qttside and it soon set fire to the sofa,curtains and carpet in the front room. By the time the children called the fire brigade half an hour later, the fire was alreadycompletelyout of conrrol. John Thomas, a ten-year-old from Yorkshire, an areain the north of England, was arrested after he shot a dog and terrorised walkers near his home in Keighley. He had taken the gun from a kitchen cupboardwhile his parentswere out shopping and had decided to do some shooting practice in some fields nearby.'I didn't realiseI could kill anything, I just thought they were pretend bullets,' he explained. Lamine, a twelve-year-old Frenchboy, went on a ten-dayspendingspreeat the EuroDisneytheme park near Pariswith the ten thousand pounds he found ly,rg around in his parents' home. As well as treating other children to ice creams, burgers and free rides, he hired a chauffeur-driven car and slept in a three hundred-pound-a-nighthotel. PeterKerry, a schoolboyof fourteen,went halfway round the world after he stole his father's passportand credit card. He had visited three separate countriesin twelve daysand spent almost six thousand poundsbefore he was finally caught: his credit card was refusedafter his father cancelledit. It wasn't actually the first time it had happened. Two yearsearlier he spent a week on his own in Germany.'I like travelling,' he said.

Parents. d . I know! He shouldn'thavetaken it in the first place.

e . I know!Theyshould've checked

his passportbetrer. I know!They musr havemoney to burn. Now write four questions about the article showing what you are surprised about. Use these sentence starters.

*li:::: ':: -::::::::T::1 ,

What were Terry and Jerry doing, What wasJohnThomasthinkingol

And what were his parentsthinking, ,

Ask a partner your questions. They should try to respond using a modal verb expression.

12

D i f f i c u l tt o b e l i e v e

Using gtarnfftar
and Pastcontinuous simple Past
Make logical sentences by matching the beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. l. Shewas just sittingthere,reading, the house, 2. Justas I was leaving 3. lt was rainingreallyheavilyas I was leaving, 4. I was livingin ltaly 5. I was just goinghome school, 6. Justas I went into my daughter's 7. While we were trying to decidewhere to 8o, from my iob on FridaY 8. I resigned a. I rememberedthe tickets were on my bed. b. so I grabbedan umbrella. c. when the big Mafiatrials were happening. d. when this guy suddenlystarted talkingto her. to Jamaica! holiday e. I won this fabulous f. and found a better one on SaturdaY!

2a. I was drivingthrough town when I got stoPpedby this policecar. 2b. I was drivingthrough town when I was getting stopped by this police car. 2c. I was drivingthrough town when I realisedI was getting reallytired.

I -J _J J -J J -J J

3a. I was cominghome on the tube when I suddenly bumpedinto an old friend. bumped 3b. I came home on the tube when I suddenly into an old friend. the last bus. 3c. I came home on the tube when I missed Compare your answers with a partner.

check Grammar
Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in brackets in the past simple or past continuous. my car l. As I was on my way back from France, .. . (breakdown) .. . . home l astni gh t , 2. W hen | . . .. of mine.(walk) friend old into an I bumped 3. My mother was tidyingmy room up when she . . the letter. (see) . alongthe beachwhen we 4. We . suddenlysaw a body in the sea.(walk) ....ofwritingtoherwhenthe 5. 1.... next thing I knew she turned up on my doorstep. (think) 6. I was talkingto a friend on the phone when my rushinginto mY room' dad .. (come) 7. You can imaginehow angry he was when he .. how much theYwere charging him.(find out) ....some 8 . O h , i t w a s s o s t u p i1d. !. . . (boil) water when I knocked it all over myself. When the clock struck twelve on 3 l" December 1999,where were you and what were you doing?
For more information on how to use the past simple Gl8. and past continuous,see

8. she came runningup to me,crYing. h . when my boss rang and told me I was going to
Washington! Underline the past verb forms in each sentence.

discussion Grammar
One sentence in each of the grouPs of three below is wrong. Why? What is the difference in meaning between the other two sentences? the carpet when we were finding la. We were cleaning the diamond. we were lb. We got the systemcheckedout because it. with problems findinglots of we found lc. We got the systemcheckedout because it. lots of problemswith

84

12 Difficult to belreve

Speaking
Have any of the things described in Exercise I above eyer happened to you? On the way to where? Spend a few minutes thinking about what happened and where. Decide if you'll need to use the past simple or the past continuous and then tell a few other people your stories.

When we talk about things that happened to us ct a journey, we tend to say where we were Fing. We usually do this by using a verb phrase + ct tlre woy (to) + place. For example: As I was on my way back from France,my car broke dotf,n. Ytb stopped off and had somethingto eat on the way o dre match. Complete the sentences betow with the phrases h the box. a pile-up broke down I I tot a puncture ! got lost I tropp"d off I almost had an accident bumped into got car sick had an accident took a wrong turn

Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. trip tour travel journey flight travelling

l. A: What time is their . . . . supposed to be getting in now? B: About six thirty, I think. lt's alreadybeen delayed an hour!

2. W h a t a . . . .

!Twelve h o u r so n a p l a n e , t h e n six hours on a freezingcold train.

We .. on the way to Dorset. We had to call someone out from a local garageto fix the engine. We .. on the way to Lisa's mum's house.We must'vegone up and down the same street about ten times!

3 . I alwaystry and . . .. light,if I can. 4. When I graduated, I worked for a bit and then went
....forayear.

5 . I was thinkingof going on a day-. 6. He's awayon a business ..

againon Monday.

. . . ro . Brightonthis Saturday. Do you fancy comingl . . , I'm afraid.Try

3. 1 . . . .

. . . . o n t h e w a y t ow o r k t h e other day.There'sso much glasson the roads nowadays, it makescyclinghell!

7. I never

4. We ..

at a beautifulold castleon our way here and went and had a look around.

. . . . by bus,if I can help it. I much prefer just cyclingor walking.

1.... . . . . o n m y w a y t os c h o otlh e other day.This guy cut in front of me and I went straightinto the back of him!

8. I spent a couple of months . . . . round peru. 9. I can't believemy parentsare planning to go on a

. . . . ro Disneyland when they retire!

t 0 . There'sa coach
Do you hncy going?

. . . . of the city this afternoon. . . . ahead

6. We ..

on the way to Cologne, and had to do a U-turn in the middleof the motorway!

il.

Once you land,haveyou got a long . of you before you get home?

. . on the way to Rushden. Shewas sick all over the back seat. 8. 1 . . . . . . . . a n o l df r i e n d o f m i n eo n t h e way to work this morning.I hadn't seen her for ages.

7. Rebecca

t2. While I was in Granadain Spain, we went on this

guided . . . . round the Alhambra, which was reallyinteresting.

9. We saw

Speaking
Discussthese questionswith a partner.

.. on the motorway on the way to Malmir.lt was awful!There must'vebeen at leastthree or four cars involved.

t0. We .

. on our way to Nara. We nearly hit a truck which was coming in the opposite direction.

t . Haveyou ever been on a guidedtourl When?Wherel

What was it likel

2. When was the last time you went on a day-trip? 3. What's the longestjourney you've ever been onl 4. Woufd you like to take a year off and go travellingl
Where would you most like to go?

12

D i f f i c u l tt o b e l i e v e

When talking about things that have happened to us, it is common to use yague or approximate fanguage.Choose the best definition )a or b for the highlighted expressions in these sentences. l. There must'vebeen about thirty or forty people there. a. Either thirty or forty people. b. Between twenty-five and forty-five people. 2. He was sort of smiling at me. a. lt was a particularkind of smile. b. lt wasnt exactlya smile, but it was more like a smilethan anything else.

Look at these two examples: My dad thought I was a pick-pocket or a drug addictor something. There was no hot water or showers or anything! Phrases with or something/or anything are common in spoken English when we want to be vague. Complete these sentences with the language in the box below. or somethinglike that food or anything showersor anything a bit of wire or something a hammeror something I. He managed to get the lock to work by using The campsite was horrible.There were no proper toiletsor...

3 . His skin had turned a weird blueish colour and

hed stoppedbreathing. a. lt was bright blue. b. lt wasn'texactlyblue,but it was more blue than any other colour.

4. There must havebeen 500-oddpeoplethere.

a. The 500 people were very strange. b. There were approximately 500 people.

3 . They must havebroken into the car with

They did a lot of damage.

5 . And the policeman this lookedat me and said,'ls

your carl' you know,'blah, blah,blah.' a. And some other thingsI didn't understand. and b. I'm sure you can imagine what elsehe said, you don't need me to tell you. 6 . It must havebeen built about 1985or so. a. lt was buil t i n 1 9 8 5 . b. lt could havebeen 1984or 1986.

4. I didn't reallyseethe registration number, but I'm

sure it startedTKP .

5. We flew on one of those budgetairlines.There were

no dri nksor . . .
For more information on how to use these structures, s e eG l 9 .

7. It cost two hundredand something pounds.

a. Justa litde more than two hundredpounds. b. Almost three hundredpounds. Adding -ish to an adjective or number is a common way of being less precise. He's about forty-ish. Her hair is a sort of reddishbrown. Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. seven-ish long-ish yellow-ish tall-ish purple-ish sixty-ish

8. And I spoketo that man who works in the office

there, you know,what's his name,and he told me . . . a. I can't rememberhis name,but I'm sure you know who I mean. b. Please tell me his name.

Reol Englisht sort of / kind of

Sort of and kind of are both very common in spoken English. They are often usedwhen you cannot find the right word to expresswhat you mean. but Somepeopledo not like thesephrases, in educated they are extremelycommon even speech. It wos kind of expensive-looking. Shewos sort of onnoyed with me.

l. He's not retired yet, but I'm sure he'sabout 2. When you get malaria, your skin turns a sort of ..... colour. 3. I think we'll haveto get the train about get there in time for eight. . . . . . to

4. Although it was red wine, it was a kind of deep .....colour. 5. Eva's the one with . . . . . dark hair. 6. You'llrecognise him.He'sa sort of . . . . . version of CharlieChaplinwithout the moustache.

86

..--.

1 W h i l ey o u r e a d
-.- Here are four stories. Three are urban myths and only one is true. I I Reaa t hem a n d d e c i d e w h i c h o n e y o u th i nk i s true.

Safetyfirst !
Did you hear about the plane which crashed somewhere in SouthAmerica as it was coming in to land ? Apparently, it was fitted with a device which s-arnsthe pilot that he's approaching the ground- a Ground Warning Alarm (GWA) sysrem.Somepilots find this warning irritating, so rhey switch it off. When the black box was examined,the crashwas blamedon pilot error. The decisionhad beeneasyro reach.When the plane had been coming in to land, the GWA had gone off, telling the pilot he was roo close to the ground. On the tape rhe pilot can be heard sa).lng,'Shut up, you stupid machine!' Then r-ouhear the soundof the crash. True story or myth?

What a rat!
Then there was the story of the couple who were in Thailand on holiday. The morning after rhey arrived, they found a thin little cat sitting on rheir balcony. They immediately fell in love with it. They cleaned it and fed it. By rhe time they were ready to leave, they couldn't bear to be parted from it. They arranged for the cat to come home with thern. Waiting at home was rheir pet poodle. The poodle and the cat seemed to get on together very well, so the couple decided to go out for dinner. When they got back, they found their sitting room covered in poodle hair and the dog halfway down rhe cat's throat ! It turned out the cat was not a cat. but an enormous Thai water rat ! True story or myth?

Drowned in a drain
\ man from Wakefield in Yorkshire went out one night for a few drinks at his local pub. He left his car in the street near the pub. When he decided ro go home, he went out to his car, took out the keys, and then accidentally dropped them down a drain in the road. He could see the keys down the drain on top of some leaves.So, he managed to lift the drain cover, but the keys were too far down for him to reach. He lay down in order to reach them. Suddenly, he fell into the drain head firsr. Jusr as he did that, it started ro rain heavily. Nobody heard his cries for help. The next morning he was found drowned, his head down the drain, his legs sricking up in the air. True story or myth?

Sunk by flyng cow

A few yearsago, rhe crew of a Japanese fishing boat were rescuedfrom the wreckageof their boat in the SeaofJapan.They said that their boat had beensunk by u cow falling our of the sky. Nobody believed them. A few weekslater the RussianAir Forceadmitted that the crew of one of their planeshad stolena cow in Siberiaand put it into the plane'scargohold. At 30,000 feet the cow startedto run around the planeout of control.The crew decidedtherewasonly one thing they could do. So, they openedthe cargo door and the cow jumped our, landing on rop of the fishing boat. Japanese True story or myth?

5peaking
Do you know any other urban myths? lf you like this kind of story, they are all o n t he W eb. F ind th e m u n d e r' u rb a n m y th s ' . B ri ng one i n to the next l esson!

ttt llit

lil

87

Choose the correct form. That must be / must'vebeen l. Oh, you stayedin Bahia? lovely. 2. I was breaking/ | broke my leg skiing. / | left an hour early 3. Would it be OK if I was leaving todayl 4. I was walkingdown the road when suddenlya woman came up / was coming uP to me and started / was startrngscreaming.

Rewrite these sentences using tend to or tend not to instead of the adverbial phrases. l. On the whole, I prefer not to eat sweet things. 2. By and large,I don't go out much during the week. 3. As a rule,I don't drink. I take the bus to work. 4. Generallyspeaking, 5. As a rule, people in my country are quite religious. 6. By and large,people in my country don't invite friends round to their houses. peoplein my country spend speaking, 7. Generally with their families. their holidays 8. On the whole,women don't smokemuch in public.

5 . A: I phonedyou last night at about nine.

B: Oh, sorry. I was cooking / | cooked,so I wasn't / | didn't answer it. answering 6. I watched / | was watchingTV when the lightsjust went / were going out. suddenly 7. Were you living/ Did you live in Pariswhen Princess Dianadied / was dying. to see the first performance? 8. A: Did you manage B: No, I wasn't arriving/ | didn't arrive until after theyd finished.

Multiple choice
Choose the more natural alternative.

ls each of the sentences l-8 above true or false for you? Why? Tell your Partner. Are there any other generalisations you can make about yourself? About people in your country?

t . A: I had an argumentwith my flatmatelast night.

B: Oh, a. had you?What aboutl b. did you?What about?

Conversation
Put the jumbled conversation below into the correct orden
a. So when did you find out Dave had bought a dogl

2. I'm exhaustedthis morning.

a. I got in at four in the morning! b. I didn't get in until four in the morning!

3 . A: This traffic's absolutelyawful,isn't itl

B: a. You can saythat again! b. You could saythat again! this weekend. 4. A: I'm going parachuting B: a. You mustn't be serious! b. You can't be serious!

b. That soundsterrible.He must be mad! c. It's a he. Davewants to call him Arsenal. it! ls it a he or a she? d. I bet you couldnt believe e. He is mad!And what's worse, it's a boxer or and the stupid animalbarkedall night something, long! f. You know - Arsenal - after the football team. 8. Well, I told him you'vegot to choose! lt's either of us will haveto go! One me! Arsenal or h. He wants to call him what? i . Did it?You'll end up gettingdivorced! j. and there it Last night.I didn't get in until eleven, just sittingthere. was,

5 . I was lyingby the pool, ... .

a. I was sunbathing b. sunbathing b. about nine-ish

6. I arrivedat ... .
a. sort of nine o'clock there. 7. a. He was sort of just standing there. b. He was about just standing

g J 3 _il 3 _l

t
I I

8. I do drink wine and beer,but I never touch vodka

or whis k y... . a. or somethinglike that b. or anythinglike that

9. H e l o o k s. . . .
a. reallysad a. a model b. like reallysad b. she'siust won the lottery

t 0 . Shelooks as if ... .

88

R e v r e w :U n r t s9 - ' i 2

Now match the verbs I l-18 to the best collocations k-r. f.-t back at Linking ideas in Exercise 6 on page lf- Tick the expressions l-8 you can remember. & a partner about anything you have forgotten. Crr you think of times in your life when these -tGnces have been true for you?Tell your partner - much as you can about them. I I. fall 12. flog | 3. read 14. download | 5. treat | 6. break 17. go on 18. face k. my car l. the kids their bedtimestory m. you to dinner n. the newsto his family o. a spending spree p. a lot of discrimination q. asleephalfwaythrough r. an article

Expressions
Complete the sentences below with the qressions in the box. All the expressions re sick to death of you must be mad you went where or somethinglike that when all of a sudden you can saythat again

Now discuss these questions with a partner. 19. When was the lasttime you bumpedinto an old friend? 20. Haveyou ever had to break any bad news to someonel 21. What was the lastthing you downloadedl

English
l. A: I went to BurkinaFasolast year. B: last year? A: BurkinaFaso, in West Africa. L A: lt's freezingoutside,isn't it? B: .....!lhadtoweartwo pullovers when I went out. Match the statements l-8 to the responses a-h.

3. I was just walkingdown the road these two guyscame runningup to me and accused me of stealing their car! 1. You paid two grand for a 1985 Renaultwith rust e v e r y w h e r.e .! ........ ! 5. A: What does her boyfrienddo for a living? B: I think he'sa lawyer 6. Shallwe eat out tonightl I'm . . . cooking!

J J 3. Are you OK? You look dreadful. J 4. lt hurt like hell when he pulledthe tooth out. -J 5. I heardsomeonepinchedyour bag. _J 6. Did you do anythingspecialyesterday after work? -J 7. I tend to go to bed earlier in the winter. J 8. I heard the house cost your sister a fortune. J
l. What's your brother like? 2. Do you love him? a. Yes, I bet it did! Ratheryou than me. b. Yes, it was over eightygrand! c. He's a bit of a nerd,actually. d. Kind ol I suppose.

Can you think of three other situations where you might say:'You must be mad!'? Can you think of four things you could be sick to death of?

e. No, I just went straighthome and had an early night. f . Yes.I'm reallyannoyedabout it!

Collocations
Match the verbs l-10 to the best collocations a-j. l. mind a. like a chimney b. into an old friend c . your own business d . at my watch e . exhausted f. somethingto eat 8. out for a quick run h . a bit of washing up i . the eveninground at Dave's j . with the gossip

g. Yes,I'm OK. I just had a bit of a late night,that's all. h. Yes, so do l. You have one minute to memorise the responses a-h. Now coyer Exercise 8 above. Your partner will read out the statements l-8. How many responses can you remember?

2. smoke 3. spend 4. go 5 . do 6. glance 7 . bum p 8. feel 9. catch up 1 0 . get

Review : nits 9-12 U

ldioms
Make sentences with idioms by matching the beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. l. I nearly 2 . I s leptlik e 3 . I c ouldhar dl y 4. I'm dyingfor 5 . He dr ink slik e 6. Pigs 7. He was drivinglike is 8. My marriage
a. a log. b. a fish. c. on the rocks! d. a lunatic. e. might fly! f. died laughing. g. a coffee. h . h e a r m y s e l ft h i n k !

Vocabulary
Answer these questions with a partner. Then compare your answers with another pair. Who got most answers right? l. lf you wantedto show someoneyou were angry with them,would you stareat them,glareat them or gl ance at theml

2. Can you think of five thingsyou can run out of? t heir w ho underst ands personsomeone 3. l s a sensi bl e or someoneableto makegood friends'feelings deci si ons? what two out with' someone, 4. lf you're'going could this havel meanings does i t hur t ? 5. l f you bump i nto an ol d fri end, 6. How could my youngerbrother get awaywith murderl or som eone w ho i s di vorced 7. l s a di vorcee someone who is gettingdivorced? what is the question 8. lf you proposeto someone, you ask?

1 0 What can you remember?

With a partner, note down as much as you can remember about the two texts you read in units l0 and 12.

ls she really going out with him?

do 9. l f you get on l i kea houseon fi re w i th som eone, you get on well or badlyl 10. W hy w oul d you w ear a w i gl I l. or fall asleepl lf you'retired,do you go asleep 12. lf you don't haveany cleanclothesto wear,would or the w ashi ngl you do the w ashi ng-up you uP ,do they just want chat tri es to 13. l f someone to talk to youl w,ha t kind of of your busi ness' 14. l f I say:' That'none s questionhaveyou just askedme?
J

w ho ki l l sa l ot of peopl eover a per iod 15. l s someone ki l l eror a seri alki l l erl of ti me a seri ous 16. D o you surf the net or the beachl 17. A re l adsyoungmen or youngw omen? 18. C an you thi nk of three recentbl ockbust er sl your coat in the 19. lf you go to a club,do you leave cl oakroom or the bathroom? do you like them or 20. lf you find someoneappealing, not?

Now compare what you remember with another pair. Who remembers more? Which text did you enioy more? WhY?

90

' - l
Lr groups, show each other the notebooks you keep of language you learn in ctass and/or any vocabulary record books you have. Explain how you record hnguage and what you do with the notes after class. Be honest! Hd do you try and learn words and expressions?Who do you think has the best method? Why? Now read this text and see if you are like the student mentioned.

Has the text made you change your mind about the way you learn and record vocab ulary?

91

- . J - J . j . t ; 2

.i fUrt

ft"':

Elevenquestions
lmagine you are attending a reun:on of all your old friends from secondary school. Here are some of the things you might want to say. h o w a re y o u l l. Hello,( Car r i e ,) 2. I haven'tseenyou for ages. changed one bit. 3. You haven't 4. You look exacdythe same!Not one day older! 5. What've you been doing for the past (ten) yearsl 6. What're you doing nowl dol 7. Are you marriedlWhat does your husband/wife 8. Haveyou got a familyl 9. Are you still (afraidof spiders)l 1 0. Do y ou s t ill (p l a yte n n i s )? I l. Where do you live now? First, work alone and decide how you would respond to these questions and comments. Then talk to other students in the class and find out what you have all been doing.

I haven't seen you for ages

Who is your oldest friend? When did you first meet? Can you think of someone you haven't met for a long time? Why not? Are you still in touch? What are they up to now?

While
A ld Sharon and Barry are friends who live in the area. They;ve bumped into each other ,"-. in the street and are catching up with each other's news. Cover the conversation on Page 93. As you listen to them talking about what they've both been up to, try to answer these questions. l. What's Barry been up to? 2. What's Sharonbeen up tol Listen again and try to fill in the gaPs in the conversation.

92

1 3 O l of r e - : s

Long time, no see!

Sharon: Barry! Hi, how are you? | haven'tseenyou for a8es. Barry: Hello,Sharon. Longtime, no see. Sharon: I know.So how're you doingl Barry: I'm all right,thanks.And you? Sharon: Yeah, not too bad.So,what'veyou been up to sinceI last sawyou? Barry: Not a lot - working mostly ( l) . . re a l l yl o n g h o u rsthi s week,getting reallyfed up with it, you know. Sharon: Really? Barry: Yeah, but I went down to Kent last weekend, for my grandma's birthdayparty. Sharon: O h, ho w o l d w a s s h e l Barry: Eighty-five. lt was reallygreat.We (2) . . this lovelymealand t hen we (3 ) .. a w al k alongthe beach. lt was good to get out of the crty. Sharon: l b e t .l ( 4 ) . .havea weekend away myself. Barry: I know. You get to the point where you really need it, don't you? lf you don't get out of Londonfrom time to time, it starts driving you crazyyou know. (5) .. w h a ta b o u y (6) ........ I t ou? Sharon: Well,on Sunday morningI (7) .. that exhibitionat the RoyalAcademy. Barry: Oh yes,the one there's been ( 8) . . a b o u t- d e a dsheep and picturesof toilet rolls and things. Sharon: Yeah, my friendAngela- she's at art schoolshe kept nagging me to go and see it, so I went. Barry: And what did you think of it?

I Recll Englishs Longtime,no see!

usedbetween r This is an informalexpression, friends. lt means:'l hoven't youfor o long seen time.'
I -J

Real Englishs

I actuallythought it

was excellent. Actuallyis usedlike this when we want to stress something we see as a fact,and which is different from what the other person expected. A: Thot jocketmust'yecostyou o lot B: Well,it wos octuolly quitecheop.

Speaki ng
Has there been an exhibition or concert that caused a big fuss in your country? Why was it so controversial? What makes you go 'yuk'?

Expressions
In the conyersation, Barry said that if you live in a big city like London, you get to the point where you really need a weekend away. What do you thi nk i t means? Get is a very common verb in English. Here are eight things you can get. Use them to complete the sentences below. the impression a terrible shock some sleep a doctor

( e .) .

. . . . .? .

five years to the top a life the message

SharonO : h ,l ( 1 0 ) . . thoughtit was excellent, reallygood and challenging. There'sonly one thing that madeyou go 'yuk!'the deadsheep. I think it's meantto shock you,though. Anyway, after that, I ( | l) . . and saw a friend of mine,Richard, for a bit and then we went up to Camdenmarketto do a bit of shopping. Barry: Oh yeah,it's nice up there on a Sunday, isn't it? Sharon: Yeah, it's great. And then I ( 12) . which . at my mum's, was nice. Barry: Oh, that soundsgood. Sharon: Yeah, and apart from that, ( 13) . . thingsfor college, really. Barry: Uh-huh, then. still beinga good student, Oh look, there's my bus into town. ( 1 4 ). . l ' l l s e ey o u s o o n , then. Bye. Sharon: Yeah, OK, bye.

. . . when I saw Mary after all those years. Shelooked reallyold. 2. That guy got . . . . for knockingdown one of our neighbours' children. He was drivingwhen he was drunk.

t . I got .

3. Quick,get.. . . ! S h e ' ss t o p p e d breathing! 4. Sorry,I've beenworking non-stopfor eighteen hours.

I really need to get . .

5 . Do you sometimes get .

bored with her job?

. . . that Claire is

6. I can't believe you spentthe whole weekend

studying. You shouldget out more and get
I

7. I keep droppinghintsthat I'm not interested, but he neverseemsto get 8. He's incredibly He'd do anything to tet ambitious.

93

13 Old friends

I
perfectsimPleand Present perfectcontinuo
You arrange to meet a friend at seven otclock. He finally arrives at eight. Which do you say to him - a or b? Explain your choice. a. Where on earth haveyou been?I've been waiting here for an hour. b. Where on earth haveyou been?I've waited here for an hour. The next example is very strange. Correct it. I'm afraid I cant go. I've been breakingmy arm. Which of these sentences sound correct? la. You look as if you've been crying.What's the matterl lb. You look as if you've cried. What's the matterl 2a. Hey! I've been finding your PassPort. 2b. Hey! I've found your PassPort. Use these sentence starters to tell your pattner some interesting things about yourself. l. 2. 3. 4. I'vejust . . . I've never ... ... I'vealmostfinished ... I've completely

_ l :,'#f, perfectcollocations Present

Some verb forms occur very often with the same expressions.Choose the correct expression to complete these present perfect sentences.
l. I've been at college 2. I've been travelling a. for the past three years. b. since the last three years.
a. about Africa.

b. around Africa.
3. I've been studying
a. for a doctor.

b. to become a doctor.
4. I've been abroad 5. I've been working
a. studying.

Adverbswith the PresentPerfect

Look at these common adverbs which are often used with the present Perfect: just almost never comPletelY

b. for studying.
a. as a volunteer in Africa.

b. as volunteer in Africa.
6. I've been on a course a. to better my English. b. to improve my English. 7. I've been away 8. I've been ill
a. sincetwo months.

Discuss which is the most likely in these sentences. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I've.. I've .. I've . . I've.. I've . . I ' v e. . He's . I've .. She's I've . . ..beentoSiberia. .. bumpedinto Harry on the tube. Give me two minutes. . . finished. ..forgotten Your name. . .tot to the end of the book. .. h a d a n i d e a . . . had an originalidea in his life! .. seen somethint reallyfunny. . . .got over the death of her son. . . seen anythingso funny.

b. sinceChristmas.
a. for the past fortnight. b. since the past fortnight

13 Old frrends

Pronunciation
$ lJ tisten to the intonation pattern of this line f"om the conversation.

Now complete the sentences below with the adjectives in the box. high turning strong sore

How are youl I haven'tseenyou for ages. Pnactise the following,which have similar patterns. l. L 3. 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. How are youlWe haven'tspokenfor weeks. How are you?We haven'thad a chat for ages. How are they? | havent seenthem for months. How is hel I hear he'sjust got back. How is shel I haven'tseen her for ages. How's your dadl I haven'tseen him for years. How is she?| heard she'shad a boy. How much was itl I heard it cost a fortune.

5. The real .. . . point in my life was when I was told ten yearsago rhat I only had three months to live. 6. One of Mary's .. . . points is the fact that she never gets annoyedwith anyone. 7. Dont talk to Bill about his divorce.lt's still a very . . .. poi nt w i th hi m. 8. I think the . . . . point of my trip to Africa was standing atVictoria Falls. Now complete the sentences below with the common expressions in the box. on the point of there's no point

practice Grammar
Now ask your partner the questions in Exercise5 above. Try to keep each conyersation going for as long as possible.
For more information on how to use the present perfeci simple and present perfect continuous,see G20.

9. Jane's working in Greece for a month, so

trying to ring her.

t 0 . I was

leaving when the phone rang.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

girr
Expressions with point
You can record expressions in your notebook in difrerent ways. For example, you could put the expression Barry used in the conyersation -'you get to the point where you need a weekend away' - under the heading of get or as an expression with point. Doing both is a good idea. Here are sentences with some other expressions with point. Complete them with the words in the box. get see make (x2)

l. What are the strongand weak pointsof your Englishl Grammar?Pronunciation I Vocabulary? Havethere been any turning points in your life? What has been the high point of your year so farl

l. Do you think you could . . . . to the point, please? 2. Please . . .. a point of beingearly. just 3. I dont . . . . the point of complaining. 4. lf you don't . . . . your point strongly, people will just ignore what you're trying to say.

1 3 O l df r i e n d s

. . 1 - a - . . . . t

i'=7,r\',( ?1

ng Speaki
Discuss these questions with a partner.

Whileyou
ft ttrere is aTV programme in Britain called ld'surprise Surprisel. lf you want to get in touch with someone you haven't seen for a long time, you contact this Programme and they try to put you back in touch - and film the meeting! Some people think this is a very good idea; some think it is a dreadful idea. What do you think? lf you were the programme's producer, which two of these stories would you be interested in? Why?

t . ls there anybodyyou'velost touch with who you'd like

to be reunitedwithl you reallywouldn't like to meet 2. ls there anybody Why notl againl

Decide if these idioms describe a good relationship or a bad one. L We got off on the wrong foot, and it was all downhillfrom there. ways' 2. We decidedto go our seParate 3. I'vegot a bit of a soft spot for him. good if you need a shoulderto cry on. 4. She's 5. There'sno love lost betweenthem. 6. We iust hit it off immediately. 7. They hate each other's guts. Do you have similar idioms in your language? Spend two minutes trying to memorise the idioms above. Now cover the sentences l-7 above and complete the sentences a-g below. you can alwaystalk to me if you need a a. Listen, shoulderto... Haveyou seenmuch of Nick and Linglately? b. They'vegone their you heard? B: Oh, haven't
ls there something going on between those two? It's a long story, but basicallythey iust hate d . I met him when I first startedwork, and we iust

Long lost friends

Bob's story When I was in the army, I was very friendly with a chap calledTom Ramsayfrom Leeds.We lost touch when we left and I wish we hadn't.I would love to meet him againto talk about all the thingswe went through together. Jill's story When I was a young girl of fifteen,I had a baby.My parentsforced me to have it adopted.All I know is that she was born on March 14th, 1975 and the peoplewho adoptedher lived in York.I would love to meet her.I think about her everyday of my life. Jim's story l'm now eighty-five.When I was a young lad of fifteen,I spenta summerworking on a farm in Kent, picking fruit. I fell in love with a girl called lrene the end of Shecamefrom Canterbury.At Smithson. ways separate that beautiful summer,we went our and nevermet again.My wife died lastyear.I would love to meet lrene again.I have three childrenand twelvegrandchildren. Hugh's story Last I live in Birmingham. and single. l'm twenty-five month, I spent the weekend in London with some nigh[ | met a fabulousgirl On the Saturday friends. We dancedtogether calledMelanieBrownat a disco. all night and talked for hours. We iust hit it off immediately.The trouble was she had a boyfriend that weekend.Shegave who wasabroadon business me her telephone number, but l've lost it.l'm to see her again.I wish l'd asked her for desperate aswell.The only thing I know is that she her address lives in Notting Hill Gate. But thats all I know exceptthat she had huge brown eyes.

... immediately.
e.

isn't he? He'sa bit of an idiot,really,

B: I know what you mean,but I haveto admit,I do

a b i to f a . . . . have . . . . . f o rh i m . Those two don't get on, do theY? certainlyno B You can saythat again!There's t h e m . ... between g don't get on? How come you and Marianne B I don't really know. We got off on the . . . and then it was all from there!

Think of some people these idioms could 6.t.6bc' Tell some of the other students in your class aboc them.

96

'

J J ) J J . :

, : l ? , t ,
J

ilrilt!!i--;f
With a partner, decide which of the four possible stories from the TV programme ,surprise, Surprise', described on page 96, you would like to act out. Spend five minutes thinking about what you're going to say. Ask your teacher for help if you need to. Then role play the people being reunited.

I wish
In the text on page 96, Hugh said:,1wish I'd asked her for her address.' i . Can y ou r em emb e r w h y h e fe l t l i k eth i s ? 7. What tensedo we use after wish if we want to talk about past regretsl Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Some sentences will be negative. . I sometime ws i s h| . . . . ..... my grandfather on my mum'sside.(know) i . I w i s h| . . . . . . . . . s o m u c he a r l i e ( re . at) 3

J -J | o f t e nw i s h I . . . m o r ew h e n I w a s younger. (travel) I I reallywish | . . . ro seethe doctor about it earlier. (go) -J I sometime si s h| . . . . w . . . . . s o m u c ht i m e when I was at university. (waste) -J I w i s h| . . . . . ....somuch money while I was on holiday. (spend) J I w i s h| . . . . . . . . . h e r e a r l i e( rm . eet) _J I reallywish | . . . my address book. (lose) J
I wouldn't be working here if ld got a better degree. I wouldn't havehad to spendso manyyearsof my life on m y own! I just don't havethe time to do it now. It wouldn't havegot so bad if I had. I wouldn'tbe so badlyin debt if I hadn't.

Now match the sentences l-8 above to the follow-up comments a-h below. : :

l'm goingto losetouch with loadsof peoplenow. He was supposed to havebeena reallyinteresting guy. | feel reallysick! Now listen and check your answers.

lJ

Express regrets that are true for you using these rntences starters. | s o m e t i m ew s i s h I ' d. . . 3. I reallywish I'd . I reallywish I hadn't 2. I often wish I hadn't Tell your partner what you have written and try to explain why you feel like this.
lll For more information on how to use wishto talk about dringsyou regret,see G2l.

rlt

lil

Uiirtg Jr.abularl
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you ever go to exhibitions? W hat ki nd? 2. Has your home town got an art galleryl When was the lasttime you went to it? 3. What is the best exhibitionyou haveever been tol 4. The pictureson this pageare a by portrait of LuniaCzechowska lif e A medeoModi gl i ani and'St ill Do with apples' by PaulC6zanne. you like them?Can you saywhyl 5. Haveyou ever painted, sculpted or drawnl Has any of your work ever beenexhibited perhaps at schooll

14 Arr

Recommending
Put the jumbled conversations into the correct order. Conversation I

A t7

Listen and check your answers. Which expressions recommend an exhibition? Which do not?

Practice
Think of an exhibition you'ye seen. Decide whether youU recommend it or not. Use Conversations t and 2 as models and tell your partner about it. you should begin: I went and saw an exhibitionat ... the other daylthe other week.

lJ _J c. Quite good,actually, the photos were really great,quite amazing _ some of them. -J d. Oh, reallyllt soundsquite interesting. What was it like? J e. Yes, you shouldgo and see it. J f. lt was a collectionof photos from the first lunar landing. -J g. Oh, did youl What was it? J
Conversation 2 I went and saw that new exhibitionat the NationalGallerythe other day. b. Oh, it was this collectionof Flemish paintings from the seventeenth century. c. Oh, did you? Which one'sthat again? d. Well, I didn't think much of it myself. lt was all a bit dull,you know. e. No, ld give it a miss, if I were you _ unless you reallylike that sort of thing,of course. f. Oh reallylWhat was it like? t. So,you wouldn't recommendit, then?

a- | went and saw an exhibitionat the Hayward Galleryearlierin the week. b. So,you'd recommendit. then?

Describing paintings
are eight ways of describing paintings. lere Check that you understand the words, uring " dictionary if necessary.Use them to complete the sentences below. portrait landscape still life abstract detailed traditional original colourful

IJ _J -J -J _J J J

l . I thi nk hi s w ork i s very i ndi vi dual , . very I've neverseenanything elselike it. 2. I'vejust beento a(n) . . . . exhibition_ it,s somethingI've tried to do myself, but my apples always look like peaches! 3. We've got a(n) . . . . of my great_grandfather at home.He was a generalin the army. 4. Renaissance paintings were alwaysvery . You could see all the stitches on the clothes. 5. His most famous . . . . was a pictureof the sceneryaround his home in provence. 6. I don't actually rikemodern art. I much prefer more ....things. 7. ldon't like paintings that are all greysand browns. I like really . . . . things.you know, lots of bright greensand reds and yellows. 8. I don't understand her work at all.lt's just too ....forme.

f 'r Ura.n and check your answers. Then practise both conversations with a partner, making sure you sound enthusiastic or not, as appropriate.

li
I

Ir

Recom mendi ng expressions

When we talk about an exhibition we,ve been to, we usually say whether we think it was worth seeing or not. Put the words in order to make necommending expressions. f. you're / OK lit's lsort/ if / into/ thing lthatlof

ll ll t,

2. a i m u s t / i t ' s 3 . recommendI reallyI I I it

4 . you I give / if / were / missI a I l,d I it | |

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. You've just learnedwhat a portrait,a landscape and a still life are. What other kindsof art can you think of? 2. What's your favouritepiece of artl Why? How would you describeit?

5. visit / well / it's / a / worth

6 . entrance / not I it's lthe / fee / worth 7. its / my | rca lcup / of I really/ not

h
t

eel
I

14 Art

i'.'=aditry
Discuss these questions with a partnen l. Do you like modern artl Why/why not? 2. What do you think art is for? 3. Do you like any of the works you can see on Why/why not? these pages?

n ld

Now read the article and decide how the writer woutd answer the three questions i n E x er c is e l.

It's November,which means it's the time of year when the papersare full of articlesby people who are shocked about art. This is becausein November the Tate Gallery in London holds the annual Turner Prize exhibition of modern aft. Each from all those year four of the best British artists are selected of these, one is year and the during who have exhibited journalists expressis not part, shock For the most the chosen. 'Youcall that art?!' variety.We moral outrage, but more of the are treated to a string of the usual complaints and clichds: Anyonecould do that!' 'My five-year-olddaughtercould do betterthan that.' Abed in the middle of a room! Where'sthe 'Whatever happenedto people just painting skill in that?' 'Fifty pictures?' thousandpoundsfor that! You'repulling my I'm sick of it - the journalists leg.' etc.,etc.Well, personally, is not art. The only thing which is that the complaining, predictable,boring, and money for nothing is their writing. Thesepeoplejust want an to be pretty pictures.For them, it's just. an extension o[ interior design - something which will match the sofa or look good in the bedroom. For me, the worst thing anyonecould say about art is that it looks quite nice. Art should make you think. Art should be the result of artists thinking about the world they seeand their reactions 'Oh, to it. It shouldn't be aboutseeingsomethingand saying, that looks nice. I'll paint that and make it look just like a photograph, and I'll take ten years to do it,' which is what thesejournalistsseemto think is required of art. I have made a selection of some of the previous Turner Prize entrants - I know journalists do not like to spend time doing researchfor themselves,so I've done it for them. Perhaps they could ask the question Wolfgang Tillmans, a previous winner, poses. 'These scenarios might appear

strangeto somepeople,but I try to ask through them, what is so strangehere, the scenarioin the picture, the world around you, society, your ideas about beauty or my ideas about beauty?' Richard Long causedoutragewith his work, which was a line of bricks laid on the floor of the gallery. He made a similar piece with bits of slate,a kind of grey stone,which he'd found on a walk in the countryside. Martin Creed won the prrze with a piece which involved the audience walking into an empty gallery space and the lights suddenly being turned off and then sometime later turned back on again. Rachel Whiteread uses common objects as a mould. She fills the inside with concreteand exhibits the sculpturesrvith the objectsremoved.She has used tables,chairs, bookcases and, most famously,a whole house. 'The Great Bear'. Simon Patterson, in a work called painted a replica of the London Underground map, but replacedthe namesof the stations with the names of famous people from history. Chris Ofilli paints religious figures, and as well as paint uses other media such as mud and elephant dung. Mayor Giuliani in New York oncetried to ban one of his works of the Virgin Mary becausehe said it was an insult to the Catholic religion. Tracy Emin was famous for making an installation of her slept-in bed in the middle of a gallery. She also made a tent and pinned on the inside the namesof all the men she'd slep with. Douglas Gordon won for showing Alfred Hitchcock's thriller, 'Psycho',which he sloweddown so much that it took twenty-four hours to play instead of two. Personally, I don't really careif you don't /ike thesepieces: that's not the point. What shouldbe absolutelyclear,though. is that these ideasare not the work of five-year-olds,but of creative,intelligent adults.It's a shamewe can't saythe sanrc of somejournalistsand critics!

100

q
&

*F,

14 Art

t, -'\

J t ) )

( - . 7 ( i r ? 2. -..)...

Now make short dialogues by matching the statements l-6 to the responses a-f. to see how l. I visited Alan in hospitallast Friday he was gettingon. up on all my mail. 2. I spentall day Sunday catching last week. 3. I went and saw that musical,Chicogo, the other dayto 4. I went round to Mike and Sue's telling everyone see that new car they'vebeen about. 5. I went down to Bristolfor the weekenda couple of weeks ago. TV. There's 6. I just stayed in last nightand watched at the moment about a greatthing on on Fridays Antarctica. Oh, that remindsme. I must record that new thing or ChannelFour tonight.lt's meantto be reallyfunny. a weekend b. Oh, reallylI've beenthinkingabout having awaymyself.Were you campingor whatl me. I must sendi n my passpor t c . Oh, that remi nds appl i cati on. to go and see him d . Oh, di d you?| keepmeani ng myself. How was he? I haven't me. I mustgi vethem a ca ll. e . Oh, that remi nds

Relativeclauses
When we talk about the things we've been doing, we usually follow facts with comments. For example: I went to that new Matisse exhibition, which was really ntce. There was a riot in the city centre, which meant I couldn't get to the airport. Try to think of comments l. for the following.

__J _J _J _J
I I

, hich meant . . . . . l t w a s p o u r i n g w i t h r a i n o n S u n d a yw

, hich was . 2 . I w e n t t o v i s i t a w h i s k y d i s t i l l e r yw

tr. ; ;"", *n .i *rr' .na r"ir.o..t" ou"r^ 3. mi"r.o

4. I went to see Iosco at the opera last night, which was

: : : :

: : : : :: :

: : : : : : : : :

5 . I m i s s e d t h e t r a i n t h i s m o r n i n g ,w h i c h m e a n t 6. I failed my exam, which meant

ng Speaki
Think of two things you'Ye done recently, and tell your partner about them. Be sure to add comments starting with which.
For more informationon how to add extra comments see G22. usingrelativeclauses,

spokento them for ages. to go and seethat for ages. Oh, I've been meaning Was it as good as everybodysays? 'l

j N"*

listen and check your answers.

) i ' )| t ( j J r a - t i i t u J TI; J
r e m i n d sm e !
When people are talking about what they have been doing, it often reminds us of things which we have thought of doing ourselves. Look at the highlighted expressions in these examples: I went to seethe Turner Prizeexhibitionthe other d.y. to go and seethat myself. B: Oh, yeah.I keep meaning What was it likel really. Oh, it was OK, but nothingspecial, I went round to see my mum on Sunday. m e , I m u s t p h o n em y m u m B : O h, t hat r e mi n d s try to ring her once a week. tonight.I always parentsget upsetif you don't keep in touch, Yeah, don't theyl

102

14 Ar1

2 i Practice
Practise reading the dialogues in Exercise I aloud with your partner. Try to add a third response, as i n t his ex am ple. I visited Alan in hospitallast Fridayro see how he was getttngon. Oh, did you?| keep meaning to go and see him myself. How was he? Not bad.You shouldgo and see him.I'm sure he'd love to seeyou. With a partner, have similar conyersations using tfiese ideas. l. buy a birthdaycard for my brother 2. phone my parents 3. paymy telephonebill 1 . book m y s um m e rh o l i d a y 5. sendin my application form 6. havemy hair cut

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. L Here are six examples of thingsyou mightgo and see.Do you find any of them morallyoffensivel Politically offensive? a. a display of Egyptian mummies b. an exhibitionof the body of a man found frozen in the Alps after hundreds of years c. a zoo with lionsand tigersin cages d. a museumin Britaindisplaying starues taken from Greece 200 yearsago e. a sci ence museum w i th humanfoetuses preserved in formaldehyde f. an exhibitionabout some of the most famous murderersin history

2. Would you ban any of them? 3 . Would you be happytakingyour childrenor your
youngerbrothersor sisters to them all?

4. What do you think of the exampleof street art

belowl

103

L : gI ? I t ' : l t g
Here are eighteen ways to describe something. Six of them mean very good; six mean very bad; six are mildly critical. Put them into groups. terrific a bit bland excellent very ordinary dreadful wonderful horrible marvellous horrendous dire brilliant terrible
. ', i4 "ri+$dl;riir r+ agiq

While

listen

You are going to hear three conversations ff ul where people describe what things are like. As you listen, take notes on what they are describing and which adjectives they use. Listen again if you need to.

awful nothingspecial on the dull side a bit over-the-top superb a bit disappointing

Practice
Use some of the adjectives on this page to describe: 1. 2. 3. 4. a film you'veseenrecently the weather recently a journeyyou'vebeen on a meal you've had recently

:f 4rl*;-:+'1si 1'.e..i;,.3"e*

Recll English3 oventhe-top

Over-the-top means'exaggerated or extravagant in some way'.lt could refer to someone's dressor behaviour or the amount of food or drink at a party. Didn't you think their house woso bit over-the-top? I thoughtten RollsRoyces at the weddingwos o bit overthe-top. Underline the main stressed syllable in each expression and practise saying them. Sometimes we sayOTT instead. It wos o bit OTT!

I I
I

15 Descrc^::--:)

Asking linked questions

Now complete these sentences with although or consi deri ng. l. Talking about a new CD a. I think the whole CD is reallygood how manychanges the band's had sincetheir last one. b. I think the third track'sthe bestI qui te l i kethat songcal l ed' D ol phi ns' too. c. I thi nk i t' sa greatC D .... i t' ssti l l n ot as good as their first album. d . I t h i n k i t ' sr e a l l y great ...... how differentit is from what they usuallydo. 2. Talking about a trip a. The trip was great the mosquitoes were a bit of a problemat night! b. I reallyenjoyedthe flight in the end how nervous I was before we took off c. I had a real l ybri l l i ant ti me .... I pro bably wouldn'tgo back. d. We had a great trip, . . . . how little it cost!

Itb sometimes ask two questions at the same tine. For example: So what'sthat new film likelAny good? Yes, it's great - if you like Hugh Grant. What was Maltalike? Was it hotl Yes, it was really lovely.We were never out of the water.

Write similar questions to suggest these answers. The first one has been done for you. f . : Whot'shis houselikeTls it big? B: Yes, it's huge.lt's got four bedroomsand an enormousgarden.
I L : B: No, it wasn't,actually. lt was reallyboring.ln fact,

3 . : B: Yes, very much.My bossis reallynice and it's quite

well paid,really.

::::: :r:: i::: :::.:: ;

1 . : B: Yes,it wosquite warm, but not as hot as the last

ilme we went.
5 i .

Now complete these sentences with although or in spite of. 3. Talking about buying a watch a. I reckon this one'sgot to be the best buy, I know I shouldn'treallyspendmore than f 100on a watch. b. I thi nk thi s one j ust l ooksni cerbeinga lot cheaper than the others. c. I'd go for that digitalone,. . . . the strap. You can always get that changedlater. d. I think the Rolexone'sthe nicest goingto nearlybankruptme! . . . . . it is
I

B Yes, I think it'sgreat.The third track is brilliant.

6 i

B No, we lost three-one.lt was just terrible.

I can't believeit.

ff Check with a partner to see if you have ll similar questions.Then listen to the modet questionsand practisesayingthem.

Practice
Now ask your partner two linked questions about the following.

For more information on how to use these conjunctions--

seeG23.

li ir )

t . the weatheron their last holiday 2. t heir job 3 . their houseor flat
4. how they get on with their parents 5 . how they are 6. their day yesterday
Make three questions youU like to ask a partner with this pattern. S o w h a t ' s. . . l i k e l Now take turns asking and answering these questions. Try to describe things in as much detail as you can, using as much of the language from these pages as possible.

U;irryg l ? i r r rrft a r
Conjunctions
Look at these examples of sentences with although, considering and in spite of. I quite like her new shoes- althoughI think the heels are just a bit too high. I quite like her new shoes- considering how cheapthey were. I quite like her new shoes- in spite of the flashy designer label.

Ir
I

15 Describit nh gi n g s

L , ; t ' e t t ' : f tJ rt

Not exactlyShakespeare!
Paul: - it's on againthis Guesswhat I went and saw last night - Titonic week at the Duke ofYork's. Oh, yeah. I saw that when it first cameout. What did you think ofitl(l).. .......? Oh, it was great.I reallyenjoyedit. I thought the specialeffects were amazing, and the actingwas brilliant.lt's one of those films where, you know,when | first heard about how much money they'd spent on it, (2) . . . , but it was reallygreat. It was a bit like one of those old disaster you know,like movies, Towering lnfernoor Eorthquoke, (3) Really? I'm surprised. I thoughtthe actingwas a bit wooden myself, and the dialoguewas just awful. (4) . . . .you actuallythought it was worth the money they'd spent on it. I mean,(5) . . . the whole thing just a little bit over-the-topl Oh, no. (6) . . . I thought it was brilliant. Mick

Dl;Jl;l:J::,[:".y:
coffee. Listen to them talking about the films they have seen recently. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to answer these questions. l. Which filmsare they talking about? 2. What do they think of them? Listen again and try to fill in the gaPs.

Paul:

Mick

Paul: Mick Paul:

But the actingwas horrendous! Well, I know it's (7) . . . Shakespeare, but it's not meantto be,is itl l'll tell you something weird though, there was this guy sitting nexr to us who snored all the way through the fi l m! Reallyl That (8) . . . really, annoying. How could anybodyactually sleepthroughall that noise! I don't know - just deadtired, I suppose. Yeah, I guessso,but really, though,(9) . . just a bit too sentimental? . it was all

Mick

Paul: Mick

Paul: (10). ..,but lhonestly d i d n ' t I. r e a l l y t h o u g h ti t w a s all done just right.lt was so romantic. Mick Oh well, eachto his own. Haveyou seen BombAlert2 yett ....... ?

P a u l : N o ,l h a v e n e ' tv e n heard of it. (ll).. Mick

Um,Jean-Paul van Klam,he'sgreat in it and,um,that woman from you know who I mean.Remember? Komikoze, Shewas Turtle-woma n o ,( 1 2 ) . to . . I m u s t( 1 3 ) . she wasn't very good in that.

P a u l : O h ,h e r . S ow h a t ' s it like? ( 1 4 ). ........ ? Mick Yeah, it's great - if you like blood all over the placeand that sort of thing. Paul: Oh, it doesn'treallysound like ( 15) . . I think l'll giveit a miss. . , actually.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. f . Which film would you rather go to - Titonic or BombAlert2? 2. What's the most over-the-topfilm you've ever seenl

1 5 D e s c r r b i tn hg rngs

Uging 'i)trr{ttf f t=tr

1 Negativequestions
}lkk asked:'Didn't you think it was all just a bit bo sentimental?' Negative questions can express n indirect opinion or surprise. Do you like cheese? (normalquestion) Don'r you like cheesef(l'm surprised.) Vl/hatdid you think of it? (normalquestion) Didn't you think it was reallyboring? (, did.) Negative questions are often followed by the rcrts find and think. f . Don'tlDidn't you find it + adiective i I reallylike livingout here in the counrry. B: Oh, really. Don't you find it a bit boringl i No, not at all.lt's great. L Don'tlDidn't you think it + verb -r. f'm goingto see Dogs ofWor tonight. B: Oh really. Don't you think it looks really violent? A Yes, a bit, but then I like that kind of thing. ,\ Listen to these examples and practise them lj wtth a partnen

Grammar
lmagine your partner lives in the biggest city in the country. While you make a list of four or five negative things about living there, your partner should make a list of the positive things. Then have conyersations like this: ^ Don't you find Tokyo just a bit too big and crazyt B: Yes, I know what you mean, but I love the night life. ,,\ You must be mad! | can't stand ir.

In the conyersation, Paul said that the man who was snoring next to him must've been dead tired. There are many more idiomatic expressions which make common adjectives stronger. Match l-8 to a-h to make eight such idiomatic expressions. l. brand 2. razor 3. di rt 4. stark 5. dead 6. fast 7. wide 8. rock
a. sharp b. asleep c . hard d . easy e . cheap f.

awake

Grammar in context
Complete these short dialogues with negative questions.

8. new h. naked

t.

I reallylike watching filmswith subtitles. Reallyl . . them hard to readl I reallyloved that ltalianactress. Did you? . . she over-acted a bit?

Now complete these sentences with the idiomatic expressions you formed above. Be carefulwith that knife.lt's . . 10. I got theseshoescheapin a second-hand shop,but they're almost 9.

3.
4.

Did you see that Chinese film last nightl Yes, but .. it was a bit slowl I thought that last scenewas a bit slow. Yes,it was a bit, but . . it was reallyromanticl B: Did you?. though? . it quite funny,

l t . It was so embarrassing. He walkedinto the

bathroom a n ds a wf f i , . . ........ !

t2. I wish the kids would go to sleep. They'restill

. . . . and it's almostmidnight!

5 . A: I thoughtthe plot was a bit too predictable.

t 3 . I bought five bottles. They were

l'll neverseethem at that price again! 14. Don't wake him.He's 15. | finished the crosswordin a coupleof minutes. It was |.6. Throw that bread away!lt's . .

6 . A I thoughtthat leadactor was brilliantin it. B: Really ? .. h i m a b i t to o much

like Robert De Niro?

7. A: Titonic won loadsof Oscars,didn't itl B: I know. . . it's a bit over-rated? 8. A: It was rubbish, but at leastit was funny rubbish! B: D i d y o ut h i n ks o ?. . ...... it
was just sillyand typicalof late-night cable TVI With a partnerr practise the conversations above.

il

I
107

1 5 D e s c r i b i ntg hrngs

Comparing
One way of describing something is to compare it with something else. For example: So,what was that fashionshow you went to likel B: Oh, all right,I suppose. but not as good. lt was a bit like lastyear'sreally, Here are some more common expressions for comparing. but not as good/nice. but there are a lot fewer peoplethere. only a lot louderiquieter/more beautiful. only there are more/therearen'tas manycars on the road there.

Practice
Describe the things in these pictures.

I t w a sa b i t l i k e. . .

Describing things
Complete these short dialogues with the expressions below.

t.
2. 3.
4.

What's lndonesian food like?

B: Delic io u sA . b i t l i k eT h a i fo o d ,I s u p p o s e,
What was Lizzie's party like,then?

B: O h, it w a s O K , a b i t l i k e h e r l a s to n e ,
So,what'sNew Zealandlike,thenl

B: A bit like lreland, really,

So,what'sNick and Beth's flat like,then?

B: I supposeit's a bit like ours,really, 5.

6. What's snowboarding? I've neverheardof it.

B: Snowboardingl Well, it's a bit like skiing,

So,what'sGraham's sisterlike,thenl

B: Well,actually, she's a bit like him, 7. 8.

What's your new laptoplike?

B: It'sthe sameas my old one,

So,what'rethe Spiders like,thenl

B: They'reOK, they'rea bit like the Beatles,

a. only the kitchen's not as big. b. but there'smore sheep. c . only a bit m o re mo d e rn -s o u n d i n g . d. only a lot faster. e. but a little bit lessspicy. f. only a lot more difficult, really. g. but there weren't as manypeopleas I'd expected. h. only she'seasierto get alongwith, I suppose.

J _J J _J J J J J

Now describe these things in a similar way. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. a film you haveseen a big city you know a caf6, restaurant or club you know a drink a bandyou like a vegetable a pieceof furniture a new television programme

Read your descriptions to a different partner. Can they guess what you are describing? For example: OK . l t' san al cohol i c drink which is a bit like vodka.but it's madefrom
flce.

B: Oh, it must be that stuffthey drink in Japan. What do you call itl Oh yeah, sake. That's it. Haveyou ever tried it?
For more informationon how to make comparisons like these,see G24.

108

1 5 D e s c r i b i ntg htngs

t I Must for guessing

We often make guesses about something. Here ru two ways of doing this using must: must be - Have I told you yet?We've finallymoved into our new house. & Oh reallyflt must be reallynice to havea bit more spaceat last. must'Ye been : I grew up in a smallvillage near Ludlow. B: Oh, that must'vebeenwonderful. lt must'vebeena bit of a shockwhen you first movedto Birmingham, then. Complete these sentences with must be or rnust'Ye been. l. Sally's new boyfriendhasa foreign accent.I think he . . . French. L The car won't start. The battery ... dead. 3. I'm not sure where Petewent to school. I think it judging from . . . somewhere in Wales, somethinghe saidthe other day about Cardiff.

in context Grammar
Complete the responses in these dialogues using must or musttve. l. A. My brother and his wife haveactually got eleven kids now. B: Eleven! 2. /.: We stayedin this hugetwenty-storeyhotel. B: Oh, one of those places! 3. ,t I usually cycleinto work, if it's not raining. B: Oh reallyl 4. A I got up at five,just as the sun was comingup,and went for a walk along by the river. B : W o n d e r f u l.!. . . 5. A\ | like my job, but I haveto work a six-dayweek every week! B: Everyweek? 6. A The planewas delayed forty-eight hours! Can you imagine what it was like? B: Forty-eight hours! 7. J',''Did you hear that over 200 peoplewere killed in that crash? B: I know. 8. .r Everyyear we haveour annualsalesmeetingat a beautiful castlein the ScottishHighlands. B: Really? Compare your responses with a partner, then practise the conversations in pairs.

1. Well, if this pen'snot yours,it . . . mine! 5. I ' m t i r e d . S u r e il t y. . . . . . . . . t i m et o g o h o m e l 6. Bali. . . wonderful!Areyou planning to

go backl

7. Justlook at those poor people.lt . . . .

dreadfulhavingno money and no food. 8. Two yearsago we paid f30 a night.I should think it . . . at least f40 now. 9. Did you seethat policecar?lt over a hundred. . . . doing

Practice
Tell a partner about two interesting things you have done or seen. Your partner should respond with a comment using must be or must'ye been. For example: A: I spent a week in Hong Kong,which was great.

Reell English3 doingovera hundred

This meansthe car was going at over a hundred milesan hour. Look at theseexamples: Youcon't do more thon thirty in town. We did on overoge of sevenry on the motorwoy.

B: Wow!That must'vebeen interesting. I've always wanted to go there. lt soundslike an amazing place. Where do you think the places in the pictures below are? Use must to make your guesses.
For more information on how to use must for guessing, see G25.

Ji.!

J I

t 7

-'--

ltt-.',7.

!J

of film
Do you recognise any of the films shown in these pictures? Have you seen any of them? What were they like? Which of these descriptions match the three films in the pictures?

t. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

It's a kind of sci-fithing. It's a costumedrama. It's a typicalHollywoodblockbuster. It's a romanticcomedy. It's a cult movie. It's a real weepie. Itt an animated film.

Can you think of other examples for each kind of film ? What kind of films do you like most? Why? Are there any kinds of films that you really can't stand?

110

A s k i n gq u e s t i o n s about films

Pronunciation
f\ eractise sayingthe questionsfrom Exercise2. t7 Listen,then saythem again.
With a partner,try to have your own conversations about films you have seen, using these questions. Use the'forgetting' expressions from Exercise 3 if you can't remember specific details.

Hcre are common questions to ask about films. r 1 a a \A/-ho's in it? What's it aboutl Where's it onl What's it likel e. f. g. h. Who's it byl When was it madel Where's it froml What kind of film is itl

lld<e short dialogues by matching the questions >lr above to the answers l-8 below. t. B: Two or three yearsago.

F i l mv o c a b u l a r y
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box below. banned dubbed stars cur director specialeffects

z
B: JulietteBinocheand that guy who was in Dimples. 3. B: Japan, but it's subtitled. 1B: At the Odeon in Queen Street. 5. B: This guy who hasa mid-lifecrisisand drives across Americalookingfor his parenrs. 6. Someltaliandirector. 7. It's a cross betweena traditionalcop movie and a more arty kind of movie. 8. It's silly. I mean,it was amusing for a while,but then I just got bored by it.

t . My favourite. . .

. is Hitchcock.There'snever beenanyoneelselike him. ....tt.

2. The governmenr thoughtthe film might corrupr

people,sothey

3 . Haveyou ever seenMeon Streets? lt . . . .

Robert De Niro and HarveyKeitel. 4. I thought that the amazing. . . . . in lurossic Porkwere

5 . When they showed Robocop on TV,they .

about fifteenminutesout of it, because it was so violent. 6. I prefer to seeforeignfilms in their originalversions with subtides, rather than Now complete the sentences below with the words in the box.
soundtrack dialogue set plot scene ending

Real EnglishS somettatian director \

Usingsome in number6 in Exercise 2 meansthat you don't know the person's name. Somewomon cameto the door colleaing for chority.

3 | And when you can't answer!

Put the words in order to make expressions that we use when we can't remember something. l. Sorry, / completely / gone / mind's/ blank/ my 2 . W ait , / m inut eI to I a / c o me / i n / me / i t' l l

7. The thing I love about that film is that the ..

is just so sharpand witty. I laughed at almostevery line.

t:

lr

8. I lovedthe . .

. . so much that I went out and bought the CD the next day.

9. I lovedall the twists and turns in the . . . . , and the way it only madesenseright at the very end.

t 0 . I liked most of it, althoughI did think that the

. . . . was just a bit too sentimental. il. It l ooksamazi ng. l t' s .. year 2050. .. i n N ew Y ork i n t he

3 *.n, i ;.:,; ;onr"") ', ) oor ,t,1," onI or

4 . S o r r yl,m y l t o p l t h e / h e a d /can't/l/ remember/ :: ":

t2. My favourite. . .

. in the whole film is the bit where the aliens finallycome out of the spaceship.

Now listen and practise saying the expressions f, t 7 above. a . W hic h ex pr es s i o n me a n s ' l ' d n e e dto l o o k i t u p '? b. Which two expressions mean'l can almost- but not quite remember'l c. Which expression means'l've forgotten'l

Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you preferforeignfilmsto be dubbedor to have subti tl esl 2. What are the best special effects you'veever seenin a fi l ml 3. Do you havea favourite film soundtrackl

I I

I
111

16 Frlms and television

. . r a 3 . . . 2

i'-7r?i'i( ?,
f,'1 Read this article about what happened when I J Robocop was shown on British TV. When you have read it, answer these questions. l. Why did the TV versionof Robocop offendso many peopl el 2. What effectdid censoring the film havel 3. W ho w as MaryW hi tehouse and how does he r organisation feel about the TV versionof the film?

Discuss these questions with a partner. l . Do y ou t hink f i l m c e n s o rs h i p i s a g o o d th i n g l G i vean example. 2. Did your parentsever stop you watching anything on TV?What?Whyl 3. Haveyou ever seenRobocop? What did you think of it l

The newsthot Mory Whitehouse hos died ot the oge of n inet y - onehos b ro u g h t th e s o me k l n d o f o pposi ng reoctions thot she provokedwhen shewos olive.Forover thirty yeors she wos the heod of the Notionol Viewers' ond Listeners' Associotion, which she set up in the lote sixties. She formedthe orgonisotion olong with two other 'protect mothersin their mid-forties to childrenfrom the filth ond violence thot is flooding our W screensond ruining our children's lives'. When it firststorted, the NVLA ottrocted hundredsof people to the meetingsit held roundthe country, ond the group forced the government ond TV componiesto creote o nine o'clock wotershed, before which progrqmmes should not contoinsweoring, e x c es s iv ev iolen c e o r s e x u o l b e h o v i o u r.l t ol so coordinoted letter writing ond phone compoignsto comploin obout certoin fllms ond progrommes. A spokesmon from the NVLAsoid,'lt'svery sod thot she hos died, but she mode o greot contribution to thiscountry. lf it hodn't been for Mory Whitehouse, the quolity of TV in this countrywould be muchworse ond the effect on our children would'vebeen terrifying.' One TV producer soid in reply, 'l would soy thot! ru bbis h r eolly . M rs W h i te h o u s e w o s i u s t on ul tro conservotive who didn't understond ort. She cousedo lot of problemsfor producersof seriousdromo ond, os o result,she might've persuoded some writers ond ry executives not to showone or two things, but bosicollylife movedon oheod of her.In the end, we're odultsond we livein o democrocy ond we shouldbe oble to wotchwhot we like.'

Porodoxicolly, o recentincidentperhopsprovesboth sidesof the orgument. Following the showin g ol Robocop, the sci-fi movie best rememberedfor its comic-book violence, hundreds of people rong up to comploinobout it. However, whot offended the oudiencewos the polite longuoge ond the foct thot it wos not violent enough! Angry viewerscolled their locol television stotions soying thot the TV versionhod been censoredso muchthot the film hod been ruined.All the f-words hod been overdubbed ond the violencewos so reducedthot ot timesit wos opporently hord to follow the plot. One mon who comploinedsoid, 'Thisis o clossicexomple of over-thetop censorship we constontly get on British TV becouseof people like Mory Whitehouse. When ore you going to reolise these people ore dinosoursond let us choose whot we wont to wotch?' The strong publ l c reocti on hos octuol l y l e d TV executives to consider putting bock some of the bod l onguogeond vi ol ence w hen i t i s show nogoi n.Th e f ilm , .|0.05 shownlost Soturdoynight ot pm, ottroctedmore comploints thon ony other film this yeor. One executive commented thot 'one con't help but noticewe've moybe token too muchout of o film like Robocop.Moybe we've gone o bit too for thistime.'Mrs Whitehouse must've been turni ng i n her grove. However,o spokesperson for the NVLA soid, 'People who moke thesekindsof comploints ore only concerned obout their own interests rotherthon the good of society os o whole.Anybody who con't give up o littlebit of film in order to reducethe currentclimqteof violenceshould not be tokenseriously.'

Reol

English3

bad tanguageand the f-word

Bad language is swearing. Saying the f-word is a common way of avoidingsaying fr*k itself.You shouldonly usethe word itselfin very informalsituations with peopleyou know who are huppy using it in conversation. Many people find the f-word very offensive.

' i t, :

112

16 Fi l ms a ndt elevislon Discuss your opinions with a partner. See if the whole class can agree. Do you agree more with the NVLA or the viewers who complained about Robocop?Why?

U E i n gi t a i h ' ! { t a - f
Pastperfect simple
Look at these examples from the article. The TV versionhad been censored_ The film had been ruined. The past perfect is used to talk about an action or event which happened before another event in the past. For example: 'd f passed the turn-off for Leedsbefore I realised. The househad burnedto the ground by the time the fire brigadegot there. What sentence comes to mind in these situations? The first one is done for you. | . f-W.s terrified as I put on my parachute.

t.7 gy.t'.9[g.plqry .nr.r."!.i.u.ryP.r.d. .\rIp:f, .. . . .

Collocations
Complete the highlighted collocations in this $rmmary of the article on page I 12.
i

2. I was feelingsick at the thought of my speech. . . . . in my life before! 3. I was worried about meetingMary'sparents.

' berore! 4. ; ;r;:; ,,," n' o ,i. *.,",";;.

. before. 5. The woman in red was his first wife. ' ' once ber or e' 6.;;" ;" ;' ," ,0 .n" ,r;;r, ;" ," ;" .r. an earthquake. 7. He left without saying goodbyeto me.

The TV version of Robocop causeda strong public i ( l) . . . Manypeoplerangtheir local (2) | to complain that too much violencehad been cut I from the film. In fact,so much had been cut, it was difficultto (3) . . the plot. lt was a classic (4) . . of over-the-topcensorship. The NVLA, an organisation opposedto violenceon television, was in hvour of the cuts because rhey object stronglyto the current (5) .. of (6) . . on relevision.

I i:: : :j::::j ::i::t: J:1" :"J::" ;.;'

Can you say something true about yoursetf using the past perfect and these ideas? For example: lU nevereatenpaella until I went to Spain. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. .... unti l I w ent to a C hi nese re st aur anr . ... unti l I w en t abr oad. .....until ldid my militaryservice. ...until lwentto university. until I went to Britain/America. . . . . . u n t i ll f e l l i n l o v e .
For more information on usingthe past perfect simple,

Speaking
Look at these statements about films. Decide how strongly you agree. | = strongly disagree 6 = totally agree l. Violentfilms can be reallyoffensive. 2. Cuttingfilms ruinsthem. 3. Bad language shouldbe cut out of films. 4. Very few peoplecomplain about violence. 5. Banning violentfilmswill cut crime. 6. The TV version of a film should be censoredmore than the cinemaversion. seeG26.

I
113

I I

16 Films a n dt e l e v i s i o n

U;irtg Irar-Jbula 1r
reallygood
Put the jumbled conyersations about films into the correct order. Conversation I a. No, I haven'tactually, but I've heard it's really good. Friendshavetold me it's worth seeing. b. Have you seen Doy of the Dogsyetl c. Really? Well, I must admit it looks a bit too violentfor me. d. Yes,I'm not sure if I want to see it myself. Conversation 2 a. I'm thinkingof goingto see that new De Niro film.

During the fifties,lots of houseshad television (4) . . . . on their roofs, but nowadaysthey are . . .. , (6) becominga thing of the past.Thingshavechanged so much with the arrivalof (5) and satellite TV. At first, the idea in the UK was thatTV should be

-J J J J

educational, so there were lots of (7) . .

. . , but

today the channels seem to do nothing but fight to see which one gets the biggest audience for soapssuch as Nerihbours, Eostenders and Coronotion Street The BBC is still one of the best companies when it comes to makingseriousdrama (8) . . ond Prejudice and things like that. . . - Pride

-J b. Well, the reviewsI've seenwere very good. J c. Are youl I've heard that it's terrible.Justtypically -J Hollywood. d. Were theyl I've heardthe opposite. -J
Conversation 3 a. But it's meant to be one of the best horror films ever made! b. ls it?You'renot goingto watch it, are you? It's supposed to be reallyhorrible. c. Excellent. lt soundsright up my street,then. d. ThrillerKiller is on tonight. e. Well. someonetold me that it's the most disgusting thing they'dever seenin their life.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Haveyou got satellite TVI What about digiral or cable - is it really better? 2. Do you know anyonewho doesnt havea television? Why don't they haveone? 3. How muchTV do you watch per week?What kind of thing do you normallywatch? What makesyou switch the televisionoff?

J J J J J

Audiences
Exercise 3 above talked aboutTV audiences. Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. spechtors fans l. The . congregation audience on-lookers viewers

Speaking
With a partner, use the language highlighted in the conversations in Exercise I above to talk about a new film that you would really like to see.

. . . gavethe singersa standing ovation. .. . were silentas the priest camein. . . . . object to violenceon TV. .... w ere i nj ured w hen H akki nen cr ashed.

Television vocabulary
Complete the text below with the words in the box. series channel digital advertisements remote documentaries aerials cable

2. The . 4. Lots of 5. S ome

3 . B o yb a n d s u s u a l lh ya v e mostlygir . l. . . . . . . . . !

6. The policecouldn'tget to the crashbecause of all t h e. . Which of these different groups of people have you been part of? When?

As I sit here today in front of my TV with my ( l) . . . . control in my hand,it's easyto forget .. i n th e U K . l t w a s BB C a nd i t . . and BBC that when I was growing up in the fifties,there was only one ( 2) . . was years before we got ITV and BBC2. The main difference was that tTV had (3) . . didnt.

114

16 F r l m s and televisiorr

U i ' : i : ' 1?

2 1

r 7 , " ( , ? ? i 7( 1 . . . ' . . j - . .

S p e a kn ig
Discuss these questions with a partner.

Mixedconditionals
ln the text on page | 12, the person from the I{YLA said:'lf it hadn't been for Mary lrVhitehouse,the quality of TV in this country rould be much worse and the effect on our cfiildren would've been terrifying.' The speaker dtinks Mrs Whitehouse had a very positive effect qt the country and we should be grateful to her. The speaker uses would be and would've been. YYhat's the difference between them? Look at sentences l-6 about influential peopte. Decide which ones talk about an imaginary past rcsult and which ones talk about an imaginary present result. l. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,I would neverhavegone to university. 2. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,I'd probablybe dead. 3. lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,the country wouldn't be in sucha terrible state. 1. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,animation would nevernave becomeso popular. 5 . lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,millionsmore peoplewould be dyingevery year. 6 . lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,I probably wouldn't be doing what I'm doing now. What kind of person do you think sentences l-6 tbove are talking about? Now complete sentences 7-12 by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 7. lf it hadn'tbeenfor my friend Reo,I to Japanlast year.(never/ go) 8. lf it hadn'tbeenfor my mum,I . . . . anyoneto babysitmy daughterwhen she was growing up. (not have) 9. lf it hadn'tbeenfor the unions, you . a pensionnow,Joyce. (not get) 10. lf it hadn't b e e nf o r F e d e r i c o F e l l i n |i ,. . . . foreignfilmsas much as I have. (never/ get into) I l. lf it hadn'tbeenfor our first president, we . . . in the Dark Ages.(still/ live) '|2. lf it hadn'tbeenfor her parents, nothing

t . Do you know who the peoplein the picturesbelow

are?

2. How do you think they haveinfluenced the worldl

and we '.,,,"irir":;;,ilil]

Now make five sentences about people who influenced your life - or your country. Use the same pattern as the examples above. Tell your partner what you have written.
For more informationon how ro use mixed conditionalsl

115

conditionals,I wish l'd ...

Choose the correct form. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I've been / | went to China last year on holiday. It was great. I've played tennis/ I've been playing tennistwice this week. Haveyou been stayingin / Haveyou stayedin quite a lot latelyl I haven'tseenyou about. I've asked/ | askedhim five times now, and he still hasn'tdone anythingabout it! A: lt rainedthe whole time we were in Wales. B: Really? That must be / must'vebeen horrible! I've been trying / I've tried to do it all week, but I still havent managed to get it done. Did you speak/ Haveyou spokento him before he left to go home? A: I'm working six daysa week at the moment. B: Wow, that must be / must'vebeen really exhausting! Match the statements l-6 to the follow-up comments a-f. l. I wish I'd studiedcomputing at school. 2. I wish we'd done some shopping earlier. 3. I sometimes wish I'd nevermarriedyou! 4. I wish I hadnt floggedmy stamp collectionwhen I di d. 5. I often wish ld kept in touch. 6. I wish I hadn'tgone to rhat party. a. We wouldn't haveto haverice againtonight if we had. b. I'd probablyget a much better price for it now. c. lt'd be easierto find a job now if I had. d. I'd love to know what she'sup to now. e. lt would've been more fun just stayingin. f. My life would be a lot easiernow if I hadnt!

J J J J J J

9. What's happened to Mike?| haven'tseen/ | haven't been seeinghim for ages. 10. I wish I hadnt done / | didn't do that! lt was really stupid of me!

With a partner,try and think of another possible follow-up comment for statements l-6 above.

Speaking

Multiple
Choose the correct alternative. l. I'veworked here ... . a. sincefive years b. for five years 2 . I ' v e. . . . a. never been an)rwhere like Kos before b. never been somewherelike Kos before 3 . a. Dont y ou th i n k h i m a b i t d u l l ? b. Don't you find him a bit dull? 4. I do quite like life in centralLondon,... ! a. in spite of the fact it's so noisy b. considering it's so noisy 5. I'vebeentrying to understand the presentperfect... ! a. sinceages b. for ages 6. We spenta coupleof weeks in Hawaii, ... . a. that was nice b. which was nice 7. I didnt feel like going,because... that film before. a. I saw b. I'd seen 8. Our train was late getting in, ... . a. which meanta bit of a pain b. which was a bit of a pain Compare your answers with a partner and discuss your choices.

Tell a partner five things you wish you had done or hadn't done. Try to use mixed conditionals to explain why you feel like this.

Conversation
Put the jumbled conyersation below into the correct order. a. I bumped into Richardand Judythe other day. b. I must admit,it doesn't reallysound like my sort of thing,actually. c. No, they reallyenjoyedit, actually. They said it was a bit likeThailand, only wilder! d. Oh really? How are theyl I haven'tseenthem for months. e. What did they think of it? Didn't they find it reallydifficult? f. They're great. They've been travellingaround Indiaand havejust got back.

IJ J J J J J

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Review 13-16 Unrts

5 i Look back and check:Recommending

Look back at Conversation l, Conversation 2 end Recommending expressions on page 99. Underline any bits of language you have forgotten. Ask your partner about anything you have forgotten. With another partner, do Exercise 4 on Page 99 again. This time you should begin: I went and sawthat film called... the other dayltheother week.

Collocations
Match the verbs l-8 to the best collocations a-h. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. fol l ow dub cut give star go make get a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. a point of doing something twenty minutesout of a movie and seean exhibition to the point the plot in a movie it a miss a film into a foreign language

Expressions
Complete the sentences below with the erpressions in the box. All the expressions er e f r om unit s l 3 -1 6 . he's not exactly get a life it's not worth the entrance fee that remindsme I haven'tseen you for ages a sore point l. A l was thinkingof goingto see the new Storlrek movietonight. B: ReallylI wouldn't bother if I were you.

Now match 9-!6 to i-p. 9. get 10. have I l . obj ect 12. cause 1 3 . s e n di n 14. gi ve 15. like 16. come over a mi d-l i fe cri si s the third track best a lot of suffering for a meal the message to violenceon TV your application form the performersa standing ovation

Now discuss these questions with a partner. 17. Haveyou ever seena film you couldn'tfollow the plot of? 18. Do you object to anything on TVI Why? 19. What's your favouritealbum?Which tracksdo you like best on itl

I can't believeyou haven'tbeen out an)rwhere since you arrivedhere!Youreallyneedto

English
3 . A What's your brother likel ls he good-looking? j u s ts a y . . B: W e l l ,l e t ' s ....the
best-looking guy you've ever seen. Match the questions l-7 to the responses a-g. l. Hi, Dave.How are you? 2. How's thingsat workl OKI 3. What are his paintings likelAny goodl 4. Did you seethar car? 5. Don't you find him a bit on the slow side? 6. Who was that at the door? 7. Where's Nigel gone for his holiday? Anywhere good? a. Well,we've actually been incredibly busyjust lately. b. Yeah. lt musr've been doingabout a hundredand twenty! c. Oh, just some guy asking if we wanted anywork done in the garden. d. Well, he'snot exactlyPicasso, if you know what I mean! e. Lee! Hello.Longtime, no see! f . Oh, I can't reallyremember. SomeGreek island or other,I think. g. Well, he'snot exactlyEinstein, is he!

1 . A Whatever you do, don't mention cars to Andy. B: Why on earth nor?
His was pinchedlast month and itt still a bit of

-J
-|

5. A: ld better just givemy mum a call, to sayI'vearrived

safely. B : O h, . . I mu s t re m e m b er to send my mum a birthdaycard this week. 6. Hi, how are youl Can you think of three other situations where you might tell somebody to get a life? Can you think of six words you coutd complete this sentence with? He's not exactlythe most . . .guy I've ever met.

J J J -J
-|

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Review : n i t s1 3 - 1 6 U

Vocabulary
Make idioms by matching the beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. l. We got off 2. lt drives 3. ld giv eit 4. He was stark 5. He hates 6. They went their 7. You'repulling 8. I've got a bit of a soft a. naked. b. my guts. c. spot for him. d. on the wrong foot. e. my leg. t. separateways. g. a miss,if I were you. h. me crazy! Answer these questions with a partner. Then compare your answers with another pain Who got most answers right? l. lf you don't see the point of something, do you need glasses? 2. Do the policelook for reasons or motivesfor cri mes? 3. Does a weepiemakeyou cry or laughl 4. Can you think of three thingsthat could be rock hard?

1 1 What can you remember?

With a partner, note down as much as you can remember about the two texts you read in units 14and 16.

5 . Can food be a bit bland? 6. Where are sci-fifilms usually set? 7. What thingsmight you need to get over? 8. Name two thingsyou can pickle. 9. Do censorsdub films into foreign languagesl t 0 . Can you go and see a banned film at your local
ci nemal

i l . What's the differencebetweena still life and

a portrait? 12. What does OTT mean? 13. When are costumedramasusually set? 14. Does an old friend haveto be old? 15. Complete this sentencein five differentways: It caused a(n) .. . . 16. ls a plot the sameas a storyl 17. Do you find turningpointsin the road or in your life? 18. lf you givesomeoneyour consent, are you stopping them from doing something? 19. lf two people hit it off immediately, are they friendsl 20. Was the film Titonic set in Hollywood or made in Hollywood?

Now compare what you remember with another pair. Who remembers more? Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

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Review : n i t s1 3 - 1 6 U

f)iscuss these questions with a partner. Are you happywith your English accentat the momentlWhy/why notl lL How much betrer do you think you can getl 3- What do you think the best way of improvingyour pronunciationis? Now read this text and see what the authors of this book have to say about pronunciation.

I l
I

I
ll

li t:

r!

ii

Tell your partner which of the things above you atready do. Are there any other things you'd like to start doing? What?

119

l7
Trafficsurvey
You are doing a survey of traffic probtems in the town where you live. Here are ten possible steps w hi ch coul d be taken to i mprove the si tuat ion. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. i nstal speed l cameras at al l acci dent bl ac kspor s i ncrease parki ng fi nes put more sl eepi ng pol i cemen i n quretsrreet s ban all on-streetparlcing in the rown cencre pedestri ani se the mai nshoppi ng area set up more bi cycl e l anes provi debetter and cheaper publ i crransp or t ban all carsfrom the town centre doubl ethe numberof traffi cw ardens start a one-waysystem

&lle-

In pai rs, deci de w hi ch four shoul d have the hi ghest pri ori ty, w hi ch three are of medi um pri ori ty, and w hi ch three shoul d have the lowest priority.

R ecrl E ngl i sht

steepi ng poti cemen

\'

S l eepi ng pol i cemen i s the normalw ay i n B ri t ish E ngl i sh of referri ng to speedhumpson the road,designed to slow cars down in town.

Whileyou
{. -, Ctrris and Claire are having coffee in a town ? ? centre caf6. Cover the conversation on page l 2l . A s you l i sten, try to answ er these qu est ions. l . W hat traffi cprobl ems do they menti on? 2. What suggestions for solving these problemsdo they c o m eu p w i t h l Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the conversation on the next page.

1 7 C a r sa n d c i t i e s

More sleepirg policemen!

Chris: Did you hear about rhat kid who was knocked down on JunctionRoadthe other dayl Oaire: Yes, it was awful,wasn't itl Still.itt (l).. . , i si t ? Chris: What do you mean? Chire: Well, there are alwaysaccidents down there, aren'r there, (2) . . . with the speed cars go at. And, well, basically, the crossing's in the wrong place,isn't it? | don't know why they'venever moved it. I mean, (3) .. . it was exactlyoppositethe shops, wouldn't itl Chris: Yes, (4) ... . They could do somethingto slow the traffic down, couldnt theyl Maybethey could put sleeping policemen there or something like that. Chire: Yeah, maybe- maybeone every so often would help,but (5) . . . reallygreat is if they had one of those speedcameras. Chris: Big Brother,you mean! Cb.ire: No, they really make a difference. you should see how they'veslowed the traffic down where my parentslive. Chris: Yeah, (6) .. I'm only against them because I got caughtby one last month. Gaire: You'rekidding! Chris: No. A hundred and fifty pounds it cost me! A fine ond six penaltypoints! Oaire: Oh, that'sterrible! Chris: Yeah, but it was my own silly fault.I mean, I should'veknown better,but (7) to what you were saying about the crossing, you're right. lt would be far safer if it was closer to the shops,because that'swhere everybodycrosses, you know. That'swhere mosr kids cross,so (8) . . . if it was moved down. Cbire: Yes,I think that's the root of the problem. I mean,it does seema funny placefor a crossing. And (9) . . . the orher problem with it is the fact that lots of cars park all round there. Chris: Yes, that does make it difficultto see,I suppose. Apparently, the car rhar hit that kid had just driven off from there. Chire: Oh, really? Had it?Well, you see what I mean, then.

Recrl Englishs I mean

I meanis very common in spokenEnglish. lt is used before we go on to make our meaning clearer. A: So,whot woslcelondlike? B: Oh,l lovedthe ploce.l meon,lwouldn,t wont to livethere,but it's o greot plocefor o hotidoy.

Real Englishr six penatty points

In Britainthere is a systemof penaltypoints.lf you are caughtspeeding, for example, you could get four penaltypoints.lf you ger too many, you lose your drivinglicence. ls the systemthe samein your countryl

Driving vocabulary
Complete this story with the words in the box. one-way petrol pull over turning U-turn direction headlights brakes

were (5) ... . comingstraight towardsme,so I quickly slammed on my (6).. . . a n dt r i e d t o ( 7 ) . . so that I could wait till the road was clear. The car suddenly stalled and I realised that I'd run our of (8).. .. !What a nightmare! Now complete these collocations with verbs from the text above. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ....awrongturn . . . . i n t h e w r o n gd i r e c t i o n ....aU-turn .... dow n a one-w ay street .... on thebrakes ....ourofpetrol

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you drivel Haveyou got a car?Do you use it in townl 2. Haveyou ever driven in Rome,Athens,London, or Parisl 3. What's the worst city you've ever driven in? 4. Haveyou ever been stopped by traffic policelWhat had you donel 5. Haveyou got any stupid/embarrassing/funny driving stories?

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17 Cars a n dc i t i e s

UEin

ratrtff.:.a:Practise reading out the dialogues in Exercise I with a partnen Then change partners and this time, use the four different sentence starters in Exercise 2 to make your own suggestions about the problems expressed in l-8.
For more information on how to use second for making suggestions, see G28.

for making Secondconditionals suggestions

In the conversation on page | 21, Chris and Claire talked about the pedestrian crossing. Chris said: 'lt would be far safer if it was closer to the shops'. Make short dialogues by matching l-,4 to the responses a-d. l. This town's dead at night,isn't it. 2. The traffic'simpossible, isn't it? 3. They'vemade the main car park bigger. 4. So,what do you think they shoulddo about all peoplesleeping rough? the homeless a. Yes,but it'd be more usefulif they built a multi-storey. b. Absolute chaos!What would be reallygreat is if buseswere cheaperand there were more of them. c. Well, I'm not an expert,but I think itd be a reallygood idea if they spent more on trying to build flats for singlepeople. d. I know. ltd be far better if the shopsstayed open a bit later in the evenings. Now match 5-8 to the responses +h. 5. lt reallyannoysme that they closethe library for the whole of August. 6. The pollution in the High Street is really bad. I wish theyd do something about it. 7. So,what do you think they should do about all the street crimel 8. I can't believethat peopleare still allowedto smoke on the buses. e. I know. ltd be better if there was just a total ban on it in all publicplaces. f. Well, I think it'd be a reallygood idea if they had more police camerasaround. Me too! lt'd be more usefulif they kept it open all through the summer. h . I know. What would be really great is if there were some way of importing fresh mountainair from Switzerland or somewherelike that!

I -J -J J

Ugingtrraeularl
Collocations
Here are some useful expressions for talking about your views on things. Circle the word that collocates correctly in each. l. Well, that's a difficult/ big questionto answer. 2. I don't reallyhaveany heavy/ strong views on thaL What do you think about itl 3. You would've thought they'd be able to tackle / put awaythat problem somehow, wouldn't you? 4. I know what you mean,but that also brings/ raisesthe questionof how you could do that, doesn't it? 5. Yes,but I think that that can cause/ do problemsas well as solvethem.

J -J J J

6. Youd think that it was such a large/ major issuethat they'd do somethingabout it. 7. Oh well, it seemsthat we've got completely different/ unlikeviews on that. 8. I think you're trying to escape / avoidthe issueby saying that. Do you have any strong views on anything? Wha What are the major issues in your country/in the world at the mom6nt? How do you think they should be tackled?

Real Englisht

impersonal they

Sentence starters
In the responses a-h in Exercise l, find four difrerent if- sentence starters. Write them below.

They is common in spokenEnglish when,for some reason, we don't know,or dont need to name,the subject.In these examples, they refers to the local councilor the police. Theycoulddo something to slowthe troffic down.They could creoteo pedestrionprecinctWith a partner, decide who they refers to in these sentences: l. They're supposed to be gettingtougher on car crime,aren't they? 2. They haven'ttaken the rubbishthis week. 3. They'rethinkingof putting up income tax. 4. I only arrived five minutesafter the flight closed, but they wouldn't let me through.

t. 3.

2.
4.

122

1 7 C a r sa n d c i t i e s

Personal opinions

Disagreeing
Put the words in the correct order to make very common sentence starters which show you disagree. f. Well, I a I agree| | I 6ut I up t to / point 2. what | | | you / but /Yes,/ know / mean 3. think /Yes,/ don't / that I but I you

llere are some ways of giving your opinion. brilliant. a great idea. not a bad idea. outrageous. ri d i c u l o u s . mad.

hrsonally, I think it's As far as I'm concerned, I think it's

With a partne4 use the expressions above and jve your opinions on these topics. l- shopsstaying open twenty-four hours a day L men in kilts 3. getting married at sixteen 1. legalising cannabis 5. one car per family 6. body piercing 7- free coffeeduring English lessons

4. don't /Yes,/ forget I that / but

/a Listen and check your answers. practise saying u? them. Then in pairs,take turns putting forward and disagreeing with the views below. Try to continue the conyersations. l. There'stoo much sport on TV,isn'ttherel 2. The way I see ir, most TV these daysis just a load of rubbi sh. 3. I don't mind a bit of violencein films.lt's more realistic, isn't itl

You and your colleagues have decided it's time to meet to discuss your working conditions. you work lor a yery old-fashioned bank, founded in | 748. The management don't tike change. Suggest changes to the following - which you are not happy about. Use as much tanguage from these two pages as you can. ' ' ' ' ' ' . ' . The computersystemis ten yearsold and there is no network system. Peoplecan smoke wherever they want. There are no plantsor picturesor anything on the walls. There is only one toilet for both men and women. Everybodyhasgor to srart at 8.30 and finishat 4.30. Women must wear skirts and men must wear ties. PrivateInternetuse and telephonecallsare not allowed. There is nowhere to relax during breaksor lunc ht im e. You haveto buy your own tea and coffee.lt is not provided by the bank.

4. Peoplelike footballersget paid far too much. At least, that'swhat I think. 5. lf you reallywanr to improveyour English, the only thing to do is go and live in Britainor America. Now do this exercise again, but this time begin by saying:'Oh yes, I know what you mean.' Then add why you agree.

Can you think of any changes you'd tike to make to the place where you work or study?

17 Cars a n dc i t i e s

Talkingabout cities
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. The words are commonly used when describing cities. shantytowns capital historic overcrowded industrial inner city centre

Look at these modern pictures of Brighton. Say what each place used to be and then make a passive sentence about each one. For example: It usedto be a bank. It's beenturned into a video shop.

cosmopolitan

l. ls Sydney the . .

. . of Australia?

2. Sheffield used to be nothing but factoriesand steel works - very . .. . , but not any more. 3. NewYork's one of the most . . . . placesI've livedin every nationality under the sun! 4. There are a lot of slumsin the You know, lots of tiny bedsitswith no bathrooms. 5. York'sa really . .. . city - Romanruins and the medieval wallsstill in good condition.

6. Thousands of the poorest peoplelive in 7. The city . . . . shopping mall is the placeto go. 8. There'sseventeen lt's million people livingin Jakarta.
really

--+ l'St?UF?Ilt l. estateagent's

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. What's the most historicalcity you've ever been to? And the most cosmopolitan? 2. Haveyou ever been to a very industrialcity?A very overcrowdedcityl 2. insurance office --+trendy bar

Reol Englisht inner city

When Britishpeopletalk about the inner city,they usuallymeanthe poor, overcrowdedareasaround We the city centre.lt's a negative expression. sometimes talk about inner city crime and inner city problems.lf this is different in your country,it's probablybetter to say I live near the city centre, not I live in the inner city.

3. bank -- fish and chip restaurant

4. publictoilet --+sandwichbar Now talk about your home town and tell other students how buildings have changed and what they have been turned into. You might also want to say: There usedto be a ... near my house/near where I work, but it was knockeddown and they'vebuilt a ... there instead.

124

17 Cars a n dc i t i e s

Grammarcheck
The passive is often used to talk about things ping on in our town or city. The passive can be used with most tenses. How good are you at using this structure? Try to complete these sentences and find out. Prcsent perfect They'vefound an old bomb in the town centre. An old bomb 2. They'veclosedthe High Street. The High Street Prcsent continuous 3. They'recleaning the swimmingpool today. The . 4. They're buildinga multi-storeycar park. A ... Prresent simple 5. They collectthe rubbishon Wednesdays. The . 6. They never cleanthe streets round here. The . Past simple 7. They closeddown that restaurantlast year. That . 8. They found rats in the kitchen. Rats . Past continuous 9. They were still cleaning the toilets when the Queen arrived. Thetoilets.... 10. They were repairingthe road all last week. The . Going to They'regoingto build a new airport. A ... 12. They'regoingto improvethe street lighting. The . Should 13. They shoulddo something about all the litter. Something |.4. Maybethey should put a zebra crossing there. A ... I l. l.

ldioms focus
A zebra crossing is a kind of pedestrian crossing where the road has black and white stripes. Complete the idiomatic expressions in the sentences below with the animat words in the box. cat cows dogs donkey fish goose horse sheep

l. That night club is dreadfulnow. lt's usuallyhalf empty. It reallyhasgone to the 2. A: I discovered Pascal's got a blackbelt in judo. B : R e a l l yH ? e ' sa b i t o f a d a r k . . . . , i s n ' th e l 3. You'vedone absolutely nothingtoday!youcan't expectto sit aroundwhile I do all the . . work. 4. lt was reallyweird.I was the onlyAsianpersonthere. l f e l t l i k ea . . . . out of warer. 5. Please dont tell mum that we're going to havea surpriseparry for her. And tell Janenot to let the . . . . out of the bageither! 6. Our daughteris alwayswatching TV insteadof doing her homework.Shecould watch soapoperastill the . . . . c o m eh o m e . 7. I suppose I' m the bl ack .... of the fami l y . I mean,I went awayto New Zealandand didn't get in touch for twenty years. 8. No wonder we couldn'tfind the right house! You sent us on a wild . . . . chaselyou gaveus the wrong address. Can you translate the idioms above into your language?

For more information on how to use the passive,

seeG29.

125

f'.EaCirrg
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. What problemcan you see in this picture? 2. Do you havethis problem in your town/cityl 3. Can you think of some ways of tacklingitl

fl Now read this article about ways of trying I J rc solve the chewing gum problem in two
different places. Which idea do you prefer? Why?

problem A sticlry
You can imagine the scene.You'rewalkingdown the street of an old Englishtown. You decide to sit on a bench to admire the fine buildingsand beautifulflowers a little bit longer. Then as you stand up, you feel that nasty pull on your dressor trousers and turn round to see the remains of a lump of chewinggum, half of which is now stuck to your behind!A wonderful moment is destroyedand your mood changes for the rest of the day,or however long it takes you to remove the awful stuff from your clothing. Well, one town hasfinallyhad enoughof all the complaints it receives eachyear and is not goingto put up with it any more. Darlington, which lastyear won a'BeautifulBritain' competition,hasdecidedto act by providingspecial boards where peoplecan stick their gum once it hasbeen used. Up to thirty chewinggum'parkingboards'are to be put up in an area in the town centre,which recentlyunderwent a a one-million-pound facelift. They will cost f3,000 to provide, are aimed at the thirteen-to-twenty-three age group, regardedas the worst offenders, and will bear the messages'Don't Gum Up Darlintton','Chewlt, Bin lt' and 'Park Your Gum Here.'The town council believesboards will help save some of the f6,000 a year it spends on cleaning up gum from the streets. The boards, to be situatedat placessuchas sports centres and cinemas, will havea bull's-eye can target so youngsters aim at them. Keith Atkinson, head of Darlington's environmental and consumerprotection department, said, 'Most people don't see chewinggum as litter, but we are hoping the boards will help people to start thinking that way.We've been flooded with complaints,mainly from visitors,who saygum on the streets, stickingto pavements and shoes,is both unpleasant and makesDarlington look untidy.' Darlingtonisn't the first placein the world to try to tackle the sticky issue of chewing gum. In 1992,the Asian city state of Singaporebanned all eating and importing of chewinggum after it was claimedtrains had been delayed because trapped chewinggum caused the automaticdoors to stick.The ban came with severepenalties for breaking the law.Smugglers bringinggum into the country could get a jail sentenceof one year plus an eight-thousand-dollar fine.The government also tried to reinforce its message with advertising campaigns, which included slogans suchas: 'lf you can't think because you can't chew,try a banana.' The policy has been a great successas even its critics admit.'The whole ban idea was not a good idea to start with, but it did help to educate Singaporeans about the nuisance effects of chewing gum. Now Singaporeans, i ncl udi ng ki ds, are more mature about their civic responsibilities,' said one man we spoke to. And certainly, Singapore is acknowledged to be perhapsthe cleanest city in the world. However, it now looks as if the ban will at leastbe partially lifted.This is not the result of thousandsof frustrated Singaporean gum chewers, but instead it's come about because of pressurefrom the Americangovernment.They see the policy as a restriction on free trade - particularly of the big American gum manufacturers. As part of the negotiations on the new trade deal, the Singapore governmenthasagreedto allow sugar-free gum prescribed by doctors and dentists to be sold by pharmacists. The relaxationof the law will only apply to smokerswho are trying to give up by using nicotine gum and sufferersof dental and gum diseasesfor whom chewing offers therapeuticbenefits.

126

18 Annoying things

Usingrs.at)ular1
Without looking back at the article, try to Grrtct the following false sentences, using |Lc exact words from ,A sticky problem'.

Phrasalverbs
In the article, you read that Darlington isn't going to put up with chewing gum on its streets any more. Here are some more phrasal verbs often used when complaining. Make sentences by matching the beginnings l-5 to the endings a-e. Use a dictionary to check the meaning of any of the highlighted phrasal verbs if you need to. l. lf work carrieson like this,I'm goingto end up 2. I dont know how they can get awaywith 3. lt drives me mad the way she goes on about 4. The dry-cleaners havecompletelymessedup 5. I just can't put up with a. thesepeopleany longer. I'm calling the police.

t _ The town centre hasnt been improvedrecently. L The council havent had many complaintsabout
chewinggum.

3- In 1992, Singapore bannedthe export of chewinggum. {. There'sonly a smallpunishmentfor breakingthe

anti-chewing gum laws in Singapore.

5- The Singaporean policy has been a failure. 6. They'regoingto legalise chewinggum completelyin
Singapore. Xow go back and see if you remembered nrds correctly. the

-J _J -J -J J

Speaking
Discussthese questionswith a partner.
What are the litter laws in your countryl How do you feel about theml Do you ever break them?

b. my shirt! Just look at the state of it! c. her sillylittle problemsall the time. d. having a nervousbreakdown. e. suchawfulservice. lt shouldbe illegal! Now complete the pairs of sentences 6-10 with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs above. 6a. lf this weather doesn'tget betten I'm going to ....goingmad!

L Do you think the Singapore governmentshould have

to lift its ban on chewingguml Why/why not? 3. Do you think free trade is a good thing or notl Whyl

1. Has your country had any trade problemslWho

withl Whyl 5. Which of the slogans mentionedin the article do you like the best? Whyl

6b. lf they don't do somethingabout all these cats,rhe

pl acei s goi ngto ... smel l i ng aw ful ! 7a. I reallydon't think I can . . . . the flat beingin such a state any more! .. him treating you like that. I'd resignif I were you. 8a. l f I t h o u g h tI c o u l d . . . . i t , I w o u l d n ' tp a y t a x at all.

{"o
tter

7b. I dont know how you can ..

?oo rINE

8b. She'sthe officegoldengirl. They let her

murder! 9a. I somehow spilt my coffeeand managed to totally . . . . that essayI've been working on. 9b. I don't trust them, personally. I'm sure they'll . . . . the economy, just like the last government did. lOa. She'salways . . . . how hard life is and how little money she hasto live on. l0b. I hate the way he'salways . . . . how much money he'searningand how rich he is. Look again at the sentences above. What follows the phrasal verbs - a verb or a noun? pay ctose attention to the context of each example. Does anywhere you know get away with really bad service - a restaurant, petrot station, shop? Have you ever messed up anything reatty important? What was the last thing you reatty messed up?

127

18 Annoyint gh i n g s

Speaking
Are you a complainer or do you just tend to put up with things? Which of these situations would you complain about? What would you say?
I

Now complete these sentences using was/were going to and a passive form of the verb in brackets. 7. I thoughtwe .. at the airport and taken to the hotel in a taxi, but we werent. (meet) ....everyday, 8. lthoughtourtowels.... once. (change) but they were only changed 9. lt saidwe .. on a moonlightcruise round the bay,but we never were. (take)

l. You get to your hotel room and discoverthey have givenyou a room at the back.You had booked a room at the front with a balconyoverlookingthe beach. Your hotel room hasa shower and you wanted one with a bath and shower.

complaints
Now take a minute or two to think of things from your own experience which you thought were going to be better than they actually were. Tell a partner about them. With a partner, take it in turns to moan about these things. you'vejust had l. a bad haircut/hairdo I thoughti t w as goi ngto be ... , but ... 2. a diet someonetold you about I thoughtI w as goi ngto l ose ... , but ...

3 . Your soup has arrived at your table.lt is warm, but

not hot.

4. Your bill has arrived for your meal.They have

you by fl0. overcharged Your bill hasarrived for your meal.They have you by fl0. undercharged 6 . It is 2 am. You'retrying to get to sleep.Your neighbour's dog is barking.You like your neighbours.

7. It is 2 am. You'retrying to get to sleep.Your

neighbour's dog is barking.You don't like your neighbours. Someonehasjust lit a cigaretteon the train. Smokingis not allowed in any part of the train.

3 . a second-hand car you bought

I thoughti t w as goi ngto ... , but ... 4. a film you went to see I t h o u g h t. . . , b u t . . .

Ugirr
We often complain about things that have happened to us using was/were going to. For example: I thought it was goingto be the holidayof a lifetime,but it was a nightmarefrom start to finish. I thought the hotel was going to be really romantic,but it was horrible. The advert saidwe were going to havea seaview,but we had a tiny room at the back of the hotel. With a partner, imagine you were on this holiday. Complete these sentences using was/were going to and the verb in brackets. in a five-starhotel, l. I thought we . . (stay) three-star. but it turned out to be only a 2. lt saidthere . . a drinks party on arrival,but there was nothing. (be) pool . 3. lt saidthe new swimming ready, but it wasn't. (be) ..afive-minute 4. lthoughtthehotel walk from the beach, but it was more like twenty! (be) . . . . . fresh flowers 5. They saidevery room every day,but we didnt see any. (have) . . new 6. The brochure saidthat we towels eyery day,but we only got one! (have)

5 . your favouriteTV show not beingon

I thought ... , but ...
For more information on how to use woslweregoingto, see G30.

Reol Englisht a haircut/a hairdo

Both men and women can havetheir hair cut. It is usually only women who havetheir hair done.A hairdoimpliesmore than just cutting. your hair done What other thingsmight having involvel What's the worst hairdo you've ever seenl

128

Complaining
Complete these dialogues with the correct cxpressions. l. Complaining about a meal o they made it sound as if . And then,to top the whole thing off . lt would've been OK if that was the only problem, but

With a partner, take turns complaining about these situations, using expressions from Exercise r. Spend a few minutes preparing what you will say before you start. Student A l. a terrible English course 2. the trouble you had trying to find a friend'shouse usingthe map they gaveyou 3. roadworksgoing on right outside your house Student B l. a horrible hotel you stayedin 2. the trouble you had trying to work out how to use a new video recorder 3. a doctor who you don't feel is treatingan injury you haveproperly Now think of two really annoying situations from your own life that youU like to comptain about. Spend a couple of minutes planningwhat you,re going to say. Then get things ofr yol" chest by telling your partner about these things. Use as many expressions from this unit as possible.

Jmn: Itlike:

How was the meal last nightl Oh, it was awful! The food wasnt very good. the waiters were really rude as well. (2) they tried to overchargeus. Then when we complained about it (3)
..... ttwas

our fault! L Complaining about a situation . I wish they wouldn't . I've tot a bit of a problem with o I mean,the last thing I need

Recll Englisht get it off your chest

This is a common idiom which means,totell somebodyabout somethingthat is annoyingor irritating you'.

Terry: fulie:

How's collegegoing? Not very well, actually. ( l)

tl

a Friday. (3) . . changethe timetableevery term. Lastterm was much better.

::::::::::::::1 :':::i:: :lililliiSl;*; ;;

Gillrt |T rtt tvorDlt

129

18 Annoying things

Put the words in brackets in order, to make expressions that are typical responses when people are complaining to us. l. A: Doesn't it bug you the way shopsalwayscharge t9.99 when you know it's reallyf l0? B: I must admit, (like / me / things/ that / really/ bother / dont) 2. A: Look, I'm reallysorry. There'sno way I can come to your Part),tomorrow night. I've got to work late. B: Oh, well, don't worry (world / not / end I the lthe / it's / of) 3. A: I reallythought I'd got the job. I mean,my interview went reallywell, and then they tell me I'm not even short-listed! B: Oh, well. (let / you I get I down / it / don't)

Tell a partner which of the things in the list below really annoy you. They should respond using some of the expressions from Exercise 3. l. findingpublictelephones always out of order when you need to use them 2. chewinggum on the pavementstickingto your shoes 3. people letting their dogsfoul the pavement 4. peopletalkingloudlyin publicon their mobiles 5. findingout before breakfast that you've run out of milk 6. discovering that a pair of trousers you bought have shrunkin the first wash 7. uncollectedrubbish in the street Choose the three most annoying things and discuss how to prevent them from happening. Can you use some of the if- sentence starters on page 122 to make suggestions?

4. A: I've got about five bills I'm supposed to pay by

the end of the month. What do they think I am? Madeof moneyl B: Oh well,. (you / do / nothing/ can / about / there's/ it) f, t7 titt"n and check your answers, then practise th" conversations with a partnen Try to keep the conversations going by adding further comments of your own.

, l

,i I

,lt'

1 8 A n n o y i ntg hings

J I free practice
l|re these sentence starters to make statements fu are true for you. l- One thing that reallydrivesme mad is . . . 1 Doesnt it reallybug you the way . .. 3 - h r eallyannoy s me w h e n p e o p l e... 1- | don't know about you, but personallyI can't stand . . . ]aqr wdk around the class talking to some other surdents about the things that really annoy you.

5. Sorry to bother you, but haveyou got the timel 6. I was really upset by her letter. 7. I cant standmobilephonesgoingoff in public! 8. Are you sure you dont mind givingme a liftl a. No, it's OK. You needn'rbother! l'll do it tater. b. Really? Thingslike that don't bother me. c. Oh, it's no bother at all.I'm goingyour way. d. Sorry,no, I haven't. e. Oh, don't let it bother you.Shedidn't meanit. f . No, I can't be bothered. I'm too tired. g. Why bother!You'll only start an argumenr. h. I wouldn't bother if I were you.lt's dead.

-J J J J

leol

English3 it realy bugsme

b-

lf somethingbugsyou, it annoysyou. It reollybugsme when peopledon't returnmy pen ofter they'veborrowedit..

Spend two minutes trying to memorise the responses a-h. Then coyer Exercise 6 while your partner reads out l-8. Can you remember alt the responses? Translate the eight expressions with bother into your language. You will almost certainly need to use more than one verb. How many verbs do you need?

Complete the short dialogues betow with the idiomatic expressions in the box. It's a Catch 22 situation, isn't itl Yes, and that'sjust the tip of the iceberg. Its a bit of a mixed blessing, isn't it? Yes, poor guy.lt's a viciouscircle,isnt itl l. ,: John drinksto stop himself worrying about money, and the more he drinks, the more he spends, and so on and so on.

B 2 A The thing is,I can'tger a work permit unlessI've

got a job and I can't get a job till I've got a work . permit.

B A One hundredpeoplehavealreadylost their jobs. B

More expressions with bother

Make short dialogues by matching l-g to the responses a-h. Then underline all the expressions with bother. l. Do you fancycomingout for a quickjogl 2. I'm going to complainabout that guy smoking. 3. That was really delicious. Let me wash up. 4. I think I'll try that new bar tonight.

I think there'sworse to come. ,",. 4. Our neighbours won halfa millionon the National Lottery last year,but six months later they separated and now they're divorced.

B:

J J J J

Speaking
Can you think of any other examples where the four idiomatic expressions in Exercise 7 above could apply?

131

J i ' ! 3 nI r f
about the future? Optimistic
Do you agree with these statements? A Rachet and Nick, two friends both in their last I J y" , at university, are chatting oyer cofree. Listen to them talking about what they see themselves doing in the future. Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to complete these sentences. l. Nick'sthinkingabout 2. He'd like to . . . on , but it depends . . ., but he probablywon't have

-J 2. You arent even safe in your own home today. _J 3 . Youngpeopletoday havegot a good chanceof getting a well-paidjob when they leaveschool. J 4. There'sno suchthing as a safejob today. J 5 . Pollutionis gettingworse. J 6. I feel much more confidentthan I usedto. J 7. The world is becoming a lesstolerant place. J 8. Peopleare more aware of environmentalissues J than they used to be.
Complete this sentence by adding a pessimist and an optimist thinksthe glassis . . . .. is someonewho always ..... always thinksit's half-empty. half-full,while Now mark the eight statements with an O or a P depending on whether you think they are optimistic or pessimistic.

l. The world is a better placethan it was twenq/ years a8o.

...and 3. R a c h e w l ants to... 4. lf she , then she'll Otherwise,she'll probablygo . . . Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the conversation.

Speaking
Tell your partner how optimistic you feel about your own future, the future of your country, or the future of the world. The young person in this picture are protesting against the cutting down of trees. Would you? ls there anything else you feel strongly enough about to protest against?

132

1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

Now you're talking!

Rachel: So,haveyou had any more thoughtsabout what you're goingto do next year,then? Nick Mm. I don't know really. I mean, (l) .. . . . . t h a t i t m i g h tb e a g o o d i d e a to do that art course I was tellingyou about, but it all depends on my results. Rac hel: S o wha t a b o u t F ra n c e l (2 ) .. .... goi ng to Parisa while backl Nick Oh, for that Frenchcourse?Well, I would still like to do it, but I just don'r know if I can afford it. Rachel: Oh, I know what you mean.Money'salwaysa p r o b l e m ,i s n t i t l I m e a n ( ,3).. .... next year is to learn to drive and buy a car,but I'm not sure if I'll havethe cash. (4) . . I'm just so sick of having to get buses everywhere. Nick Dreadful, aren't theyl You wait half an hour and then three come alongat the sametime. So,you're (5).. . . . . j u s tg o i n g to be staying around here,just trying to saveup some money, thenl Rachel: Yes,I supposeso. lt depends, really. I mean,if I can find a good job, then l'll stick around,but ot her w i s e(6 ) .. .... e v e n tu a l liy s goi ng back to Glasgow. Nick Oh right,because you grew up there,didn't you? Rachel: Yes, that's right,yes,so I supposeI do see myselfendingup there eventually. Nick Yeah. Rachel: So,(7) . . . . .you do this art course, what do you see yourselfdoing after that, in the longterml Nick Oh, I dont know. No idea really. I haven't thought that far ahead. I'll just (8) . . and see what happens. Rachel: Justlistento us,Nick!We just soundso b o r i n g( !9 ) . . ....go offsomewhere together this summer, you know,maybe- | don't know - work abroadfor six monthsl Nick What?You meanpicking grapes in Francel That kindof thing? Rachel: Yeah, o4 I don't know - workingin a hotel in Spain, or Nick Or goingto Australia. lf the Aussies canwork o v e rh e r e ( , 1 0 ). . . . . g o a n dg e ta job over there? Rachel: Yeah, ld loveto do that.Where's the paper? What'sthe cheapest flightto Sydney? Nick Now you'retalking!

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Are you the kind of personwho couldjust suddenly go abroadfor six months,on the spur of the momentl Haveyou ever done anythinglike that? 2. Haveany of your friends ever gone off to work in another country?Where did they go? 3. ls it possible to plantoo much for the futurel

I Real Englishs theAussies

This is an affectionate term used by British people for Australians. New Zealanders are known as Kiwis while Australians call Britishpeoplepoms or pommies.
I

Phrasalverbs with
In the conyersation, you met save up, end up and grew up. Complete the sentences below with the verbs in the box. Then go back and underline the phrasal verbs. do beat cheer hung put come turned bottling

t . This reallystrangething happenedlast night. An old

friend from school just totally out of the blue! . . . . up on my doorstep,

2. That was weird. Whoever it was on the phone just

. . . . up as soon as they heard my voice!

3 . Once we've savedup enoughmoney,we're goingto

....upourflatabit. 4. A: Why don't I cook tonight,if you're not feeling up to itl B: Wow!That't sh e b e s ti d e a you've .......... up with all week! . . . . up a bit! lt's reallystartingto get me down, seeingyou like that! I got muggedlast year,and when I wouldn't give them my watch,they . . . . me up really badly. 7. It's not healthy, you know, . . . . up all your negative emotions like this. lt's much better to just get thingsoff your chest.
I

ll
I

5 . I wish you d

8. lf you're stuck for somewhereto stay, we could

always . . . .you up on our sofa.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you ever bottle thingsup? 2. How do you usually cheer yourselfupl 3. Haveyou ever been beatenupl

133

1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

U;irry glarnfirar
Rachel said'What lU really like to do next year is learn to drive'. What can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to give special emphasis to what follows. lt means'the thing that'. What I really need to do is get awayfor a break. What I'd really like to do is learn to drive. What I was thinkingof doing is goingabroad. Rewrite these sentences using the expressions with what above. l. Your companyis sending you to Japan, so you haveto start learningthe language. What

Uging vsraeulary
Complete the sentences below with the words in the box.The sentences are all common answers to the question:'What are your plans for the future?' wait and see cant really change a. I' m .. b. My plans c. lcan't much longer. d. l'll just haveto happens. e. ljust f. | . . . . perfectly happy take things see myself . doi ngw hat I' m doing. . . . fairly often. ...stayingtherefor . . . what ...astheycome. .. .. .sayyet.l t al l depends.

2. You think it would be a great idea to buy a flat

in the next coupleof years. What 3. You haveno money and desperately need to start saving. What

Now complete l-6 using a-f above.

4. You think you would quite like to travel round

India in the not-too-distantfuture. What

t . I'm a fairly laid-back kind of person.I mean,

and only worry about things if and when they happen.

5. You'yealwayswanted to start a family as soon

as you get married. What

2. A: So,what are you goingto do once you get back

to Madridl B: Well, I might try and get a job as a chef,but yesterdayI was thinkingabout maybegoing back to college.Ask me againin a week! ., you know. 3 . A: So,how's it all goingl B: Well, to be honest,I'm reallyfed up at work. A: lt soundsto me like it's time to move on.

6. You've had an idea - maybego abroad for

Christmasthis year rather than stayat home. What

Complete these sentences in ways that are true

4. A: So,what are your plansfor the future?

B: Well, right now, life'sgreat.Maybein a couple of years I might changemy mind,but at the moment. ..

for you. l. What I really needto do before the endof the week s

5 . A: So,are you still off to Kenyain the spring?

B: Well, I'm not 100%sure just now, because my dad'sstill very ill,so . . .

What I was thinking of trying to do next year,if I get the chance, is .

4. What ld reallylike to be doing in a few years'time

s Now tell a partner about what you have thought of, giving more details if you can.
For more information on how to use sentences with whoqsee G3l.

6. A: So,how long are you goingto be stayinghere forl B:... .on my girlfriend.lf thingswork out between us,we might think of getting married and settlingdown. Do any of the expressions a-f apply to you in your present situation? For example: I wouldn't say,'ljust take thingsas they come' now, but I might'vedone when I was eighteenor nineteen because I didn't havea job then,and I didn't reallyknow what I wanted to do in the future.

134

2 | Coflocations
Complete each of the sentences l-4 in two different ways, using two different endings from the box below to make some common collocations about the future. my own country abroad a new job studying l. back to university with my girlfriend somewhere nicer to live where I grew up

2. 3. 4.

Now complete sentences 5-9 in the same way. reading a better laptop to buy a flat house the world south my family for a DVD player sport a new car

5.

'::::: ::: :::::: ::::1: ::: I'T:i:i':::: Tl:T

t.....

7. ld like to start doinga bit more 8. lf I can,l'll probablysaveup 9.

:J:: il:'i::i':l
Speaking

How many of the sentences above are true for you?

In the conyersation on page 133, Rachel and Nick talked about going to Australia. lf you had a year free, what would you do? Do any of these appeal to you? l . building a pr im a rys c h o o li n B a n g l a d e s h 2. working for an aid agency in Ethiopia 3. goingon an expedition to the North Pole 4. working with homeless peoplein Manchester 5. sailing round the world 6. writing a book

1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

i'-=aCirt'7
Make sentences about the future by matching the beginnings l-7 to the endings a-9. l. My parentshave 2. lwish 3 . I hope I've alwaysdreamed One of my greatestfears is I'm reallylookingforward to I'm reallydreading

J J J -J
__J

J
--|

I didn't haveto go backto Japannext year. great expectations for my future. ending up on m y o w n w h e n I' m o l d . the summer!lt gets so unbearably hot here! seeing all my old friendsagainonce I'm back home. of maybeone day goingto live in Hawaii. I can find a good job once I graduate. Now use the sentence starters in 2-7 to tell your partner about some of your hopes and dreams.

f1 You are going to read an e-mail from somebody who is dreading something. I / f :nA out what it is - and why they are dreading it.

EcENoMItrAL
DearAdam.

WITH THE

TRUTH !

you doing? Hi. How're Hopeeverything's all rightwith you. I justthought I'd better writeto let you knowthat I may not be able to come over and visit you in likeI saidI would. September Thethingis, I'vehadto take a few weeks off recentlybecause I've done something weirdto my back.Also,as you know,I've got my end-of-school examsin Juneand I can'treally plansuntilI knowhow I'vedonein makeanyconcrete them,so everything's a bit up in the air for me at the moment. Hopefully, will workout fine and I everything will be able to come and see you, but don't be too surprised if thingsfall through.

happened is I'vefallen for thiswomanI met.Heronlinenameis Foxyandshesounds 22, amazing. She's blondeand comes from Denmark. She's studying alternative medicine and we get on like a houseon fire.The problem is, though,I haven'tbeen entirely honestwith her. I told her I was seven years older - in a really thanI am,and saidI wasalready working job. I alsotold her I had my own apartment well-paid rightin the centreof town.Anyway, to cut a longstory short,I've stupidly arranged to meet up with her next week. I'm reallydreading it now!Whatdo you think I shouldI do?

By the way, I also wanted to ask you lor a word of Hopeto hear from you very soon, I've All the best, advice. SinceI'vebeenstuckat homea lot lately, been surfingthe net quitea lot and spending a lot of time in various chat rooms, and basicallywhat's Max.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. L Do you ever visit chat rooms? Which onesl 2. Haveyou got an online name?

3. Do youthinkchatroomsarea goodplace to meet potential partners? Why/whynot? 4. Have youeverbeeneconomical with the truth? When? Whv? With a partner, either write Adam's reply to Max or role-play the conyersationbetween Max and Foxy when they first meet.

136

1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

Language development

, : . J J . i . < i

? J

l{atch the sentence adverbs l-5 with their meanings a-. B as ic ally : : t ! Realis t ic ally
_J
t

if- expressions
I
I

I I I I

There are seyeral if- expressions with which we use to talk about our future plans. For example: W el l ,i f everythi ng goesaccordi ng to pl an, I sho uldbe livingin Morocco this time next year. Complete the short dialogues below with the correct form of the verbs in the box. go (x3) fall fail work

ldeally Eventually Hopef ully I t hink t his wil l h a p p e n i n th e e n d . T hiswould be th e b e s t p o s s i b l e re s u l t, b u t i t mi ght not happen. I would lik et h i s to h a p p e n . This will probablyhappen, eventhough I may not want lt to. T his is m y gen e ra l /s i mpv le i e w o f w h a t w i l l h a ppen.

I
I I
a

So,what do you seeyourselfdoingwhen you get backhome? B: W el l ,i f al l . . . . w el l ,I shoul dbe abler o get my old job back.Touchwood!

Which two adverbs did Max use in his e-mail? Complete these sentences in a way that is true for you. Then compare with a partner. Basically, what I'd reallylike to do in the future is . . . . 2. ldeally, I'd love to be ableto sometimein the next few years, but realistically l ' l lp r o b a b l.y ... 3. Next year I can see myself and after that l'll hopefully 4 W ell,if I c ar r y o n d o i n gw h a t I' m d o i n gn o w ,. e v e n t u a lll'y l l. . . 5. Well,you know that I reallylike . . so ideally I ' d l i k et o e n d u p . . .

2.

B: Yes, if everything 3.

So,you'reoff to Australia for Christmas, are youl . . . . according to plan. We're just waitingfor our visas.

B : Y es, and i f that

4.

So,you'veapplied for the manager's job? . . . . through, I thi nk l'll look elsewhere.

B: Well, if all else 5.

We're too late to get tickets for the final now! . . . . , we'll just haveto watch it on TV then.

So,you'rethinkingof building your own house. That sounds a bi t ambi ti ous. B: Yes, it is a bit, but my father's a builder, and if nothing . . . . wrong,it shouldonly take about a year or so. What am I goingto do about my boyfriend? B: Tell him you'regoingto work in Greenland if he doesn'rask you to marry him - and if that doesn't . . . . , r h e nn o t h i n g w i l l !

6.

It

Now go back and underline the full expressions with if.

Recll English3 Touch wood!

It i s commonw hen usi ng' touch w ood' to touch a pieceof wood at the sametime. This is a common Britishsupersririon when talkingabout the future. I m seeing the doctortomorrow ond if otl goes well,l'll be bockot work pretty soon, touchwood! This is a very old superstirion. The idea is that if you touch wood - the samematerial which the crossof Christ was madeof - you will have good luck.Do you do anything like that?

137

20
What do you look for in a job?
Mark each of these ideas from | (not important) to 5 (very important), depending on how important they are for you when you're looking for a job.

ff A casualworker normally works for a l/.o-pany, but without a contract of

employment. He or she is not permanently employed and in many countries has few rights. Read the article on page | 39 about two casual workers who had a problem with their employer. When you have read it, answer these questions. l. Why did Mrs Carmichael and Mrs Leesetake their employersto court? 2. What was the judge'sdecisionl 3. What are the implications of this decision for other casual workers?

I beingableto work flexi-time -J gettingholidaypayand sick pay I earninga good salary I doing a reallyinterestingjob I knowingyour job is secure

J doing somethingusefulfor society -J beingableto work from home J getting a company car J gettingmaternityor paternity leave

_t not beingstuck behinda deskall day

Compare your answers with a partner. What else would you add to this list?

Complete the sentences below with the words and expressions in the box. full-time unfairly treated maternity leave lots of benefits sick pay contract paid holiday income tax

t . When my son was born, I took

. . . for three months and then went back to work part-time.

2. I can't go awaymuch,becauseI only get three weeks'

3 ;;";
4.

; ;;;-" ;iil

| managed to settwomonths'

... starts at20% and goes up to a maximum of 40%.

5. I appealed to a tribunal because I felt lU been 6. I used to do only two daysa week, but I work ...now.

7. I've been there six years now, but I've never been
givena proper The best thing about my job is that I get . . . - a companypension, private health insurance and things like that.

138

20 Theworldof work

We can work it out.

Crettinga good job in Britain today is far from easy.More and more young people are going to university, so a degree has becomethe minimum qualification required, whereas once it was a magical door-opening piece of paper. If your O/ doescatch a potential employer'seyeand you're lucky enoughto get called in for an interview, you then encounter the next hurdle: you find yourselfin a Catch-22 situation r*'here you can't get a job unless you've got work experience and, of course,there's no way you can get any r*'ork experienceuntil someonefeels like giving you a job ! If and when you do finally manageto land a job, you rhen realise that your troubles have only just begun. The last twenty years have seen radical changes in employment laws, very few of which havebenefitedyoung workers in any way. Full-time contracts seem to have becomea thing of the pasr,and insteadyou'll probablybe offered a short-term casual contract - even if they're talking aboutemployingyou full-time ! I've heardof people who've worked full-time for six or seven yearsand who are still being paid by the hour! One good rhing that has changed recently, though, is that at least you're now entitled to the national minimum wage. Living on less than five poundsan hour isn't easy,but at leastyou can't be totally ripped off by your bossesanymore. Because of all thesechanges, there's not much job security anymore. Companieshave learned how to dress up mass redundancies in media-friendlylanguage, calling hugejob cuts 'down-sizing' or 'corporaterestructuring'! If you do end up out of work, don't expect your union to be much help. The power of trade unions was cut dramatically in the 1980safter the endless industrial acrionof the 70s and today they've becomea little bit toothless.However,as a recent landmark legal casehas shown, it's nol all doom and gloom, and there is still hope for the workers. Last month two casualworkers, who were never offered proper contractsof employment,won the right to the same benefits as full-time workers. A judge said that because Mrs Carmichael, 35, and Mrs Leese, 36, had signedletters acceptingjobs at Blyth Power Sration, they should have been treated the same as any other full-time employeeof National Power.However,the two women had been denied holiday and sick pay and many orher benefits normally given to full-time staff. Despite taking income tax from their pay, making the women wear companyuniforms, and giving them the use of companycars, National Powertried to insist that Mrs Carmichaeland Mrs Leesenever worked directly for the company.They were, therefore,refuseda proper contract, and were not givenany employmentprotectionor benefits. Thejudge's decisionmeansthat casualworkersall overthe country can now fight for the right to sick pay,holiday pay, maternity leave and other benefits. The judgement also means that casual workers can appeal against unfair dismissal by their employer if they are sacked without reason. A solicitor acting on behalf of the rwo women said it was a major breakthrough in employment law, which was likely to have a very positive effect on the working lives of thousandsof men and women employedon a casual basis.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l . Does t he s it u a ti o n i n B ri ta i ns o u n ds i mi l a r ro the situationin your countryl In what way? What's differentl

Vocabulary
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. What is the difference betweena full-timeworker, a part-timeworker and a casual workerl 2. What are the usualreasons peopleget sacked? 3. What's the differencebetweengetringsackedand bei ngmaderedundant? 4. What kind of thingsdo you pur in your CVI 5. What are the namesof the biggest trade unionsin your country? What do they dol

2. Haveyou ever done any casualworkl How were you

treated? What was the money likel

3 . Who's the worst employeryou've ever worked for? 4. Haveyou heardof any companies which havea
good/badreputationfor the way they rreat their workersl

*.;S'.-+---

':;=wijr'$*' *.*-*lF-

20 Theworld of work

J J ; J t

i ltaTt'iizr J

Complete these sentences with work or job. l. He's neverdone a day's 2. Are youstill ooking for a 3. lt's quite hard . Milan. 4. lt's a dirty . . . . in his life! ....,thenl

. . . findinga flat in a big city like . . . . , but someone's got to do it!

5. I know the money's not very good,but at leastyou're getting s o m eg o o d ....experience. 6. Oh, the kitchenlooks lovelynow. You'vemadea reallygood ....ofit. 7. I'm sorry,but I can't let you use the phoneto ring Australia. lt's more than my . . . .'s worth! 8 . I ' v ebeenup t o my e y e si n ... . a l l w e e k!

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner. l. Do you know anyone who's never done a day's work in their life? How do they get byl

2. Can you think of three other things that are quite hard workl

e
r - . J r

- e .

? O

?t

i J t J

?
t

Before

listen

With a partner, decide what the people in the pictures on these pages do for a living. Which of the jobs in the pictures would you most/least like to do? Why? What do you think these jobs would involve? Could you or would you do any of them?

/* , Now listen to three of the people in the l/ pictures talking about their jobs. As you listen, try to decide what their job is. Then comPare answers.

t. 2. 3.

140

How arethingsat work?

Hatch the common questions about work l-5 with typical answers a-e. l. How are thingsat workl a. . . . lts OK. lt's enoughto live on. lt's not very good - more like slave-labour! Well, actually, I don't think it's any of your business!

2. So,what exactlydoes your job involve, thenl

$. o They're OK, the usualnine to five. Awful. I don't usually get home until ten! Great. I'm usuallyhome by two or three.
a a

3. Haveyou been doing it long?

c . . Crazyt I've been rushed off my feet all week! Oh, we've been pretty quiet,actually. Oh, it's OK, the sameas ever.
a a

4. What are the hours likel

61. r
a a

Well, I'm in chargeof Accounts. I do all the marketing. I deal with all the complaintsthat we get.

5. What's the money like?

e . . Yes,it's about ten years now I suppose. No, I've only just started,actually. Yes, too long!
a a

In your country is it acceptable to ask someone how much they earn? Are you happy to talk about how much you earn?

lmagine you are one of the people in the pictures on these pages. Spend two minutes thinking about how you would answer the questions in Exercise I above, using the typical answers if necessary. Your partner should then ask you the questions and try to guess which job you do.

141

20 Theworldof work

jokes
Below are three joke answers to the question:'So what's your boss like?' Discuss with your partner which one you find the funniest and why. l. He's reallyflexible. He lets me come in any time I want beforenine,and then lets me leave whenever I want after five! 2. He's so meanthat if you're three minuteslate for work, he finesyou,and if you turn up five minutes you rent! early he actuallystarts charging 3. He's reallyhard on late-comers. Actually, one day one of his assistants turned up over an hour late, covered in blood,and as he staggered over to his desk,my bosswent up to him and askedhim where hed been.The assistant and saidhe'd apologised fallendown three flightsof stairs. 'What?'saidmy boss,'that took you a whole hour, did it ! ' f 1 Listen to the jokes. Mark the stresses and ld ptrres. Then tell the jokes to each other in pairs with one student asking:'So what's your boss like, then?'

Make answers to the question:'What's your boss like?' by matching the beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. l . Well, he'snot exactlythe most
a . o
a

sit at his deskand giveorders! talk to the other guysabout football.

2. He's awful,a real

3. Dreadful! All he ever does is 4. Oh, he'sgreat,he'sa really

b . . domi neeri ng. bossyand dictatorial.

a

c . . on the phoneto her boyfriend!

a

jettingoff to Parisand Rome on business

and easyto talk to. d . . easy-going nice and friendly.

I

5 . O h, s hes pen d s th e w h o l e trme

6. Terrible, she'sreally

e . r
a

me about thingsthat aren'tmy fault. everyoneabout spending too much money.

f.

. approachable personI've ever met, but he'sOK, I guess. bloke I've ever worked for, but I guesshe'sOK. intelligent
a a

7. O h, s he' s br il l i a n t, re a l l y
8. He's alwaysgetting on to

g . ' dictator! slave-driver!

h . o
I

nrce8uy. good person to work for.

Spea king
Discuss these questions with a partner. L Do any of the commentsin Exercise 4 aboveremind you of your boss or one you haveknown? 2. Tellyour partner what kind of a bossyou think you'd make and why. 3. Which personin your classdo you think would make the best boss? Why?

4. ls it importantfor a bossto be friendlyand

approachable or is it OK if they're a bit distantfrom their staff?

5 . Are there other qualities which are important? 6. What do you call the bossof a schoolfA
departmentl A footballteaml

7. How manyother words can you think of with a

si mi l armeani ng to' boss' ? For exampl e: head, employer, manager, supervisor, superior, etc. Which do you preferl

142

20 Theworld of work

gfl{ftfftZtf Using
Future continuous
Notice the highlighted words in these sentences. l'll be meetingmy bossnext week,so I'tl talk to her about my chances of promotion then. The twins will be startingschoolthis autumn, so l'll have a lot more free time. Both situations are about the future ('ll and will). In both cases the verb is extended in time (meeting and starting). lt is common for the future continuous form to be followed by a clause that begins with so. Make sentences by matching the beginnings t-6 to the endings a-f. l. I'll be doingsome work in your areatomorrow, 2. l'll be goingbackto Japan in the autumn, 3. I'll be passing your front door, 4. l'll be doinga computer coursein April, 5. l'll be writing my MA thesisall summer, 6. l'll be going down to my dad'snext Saturday, a. b. c. d. e. f. so it's no trouble givingyou a lift. so then I'll be an expert on the Internet. so don't try and call me until Sunday night. so I'll be working in the librarya lot. so l'll pop in and sayhello if I get a chance. so l'll try and get you a cheap Walkman, shalll?

5. A: l'll give you a call over the weekend about the

followingweek.

B: Yeah, that's OK, but A: Sure.I probablywon't know what I'm doing until
then anyway. 6. A: Thanksto this rail strike,I dont know how l'll get home. B: You'rein luck.I drove today.

plans
Walk around the class and chat to some other students about the kind of work you see yourself doing in the future, where you see your career going in the short term, any long-term career plans you'ye got, and so on. Try to use as much of the new language from this unit as you possibly can. For example: lf we meet in ten years'time, if everythinggoes according to plan,l'll havemy own company. l'll be drivinga top-ofthe-range Mercedes. I'll be livingin a hugehousewith my own private plane.I'll own an islandsomewherehot.
For more information on how to use the future continuous, see G32.

-J _J -J J J J

Grammar in context
Make short dialogues by adding sentences from Exercise I above. l . A : Well, I really like this Sony, but it's just too expensive really. B: Well, look, A: Oh, that'd be great if you could.ld payyou for it, of course.

2. A: So,John, when are we goingto seeyou next,then? B: Well, A: Oh great. Try and make it around twelve or so
and then maybewe could havelunch.

3 . A : So,are you lookingforward to the holidays, thenl B: W efl, no actu a l l y .. .. . A: Oh well,l'll be thinkingof you while I'm lyingon
the beach.

4. A: So,are you still havingproblemsgefting onlinel B: Well, actually, thingsare looking up.

143

Secondconditionals
Choose the correct form. l. They still haven'tbeen fixing / haven'tfixed ourTV yeL Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form. l. A: Haveyou heardlThey'regoing to knock the cinemadown and turn it into a car park.

2. The restaurantwas redecorated/ was being redecoratd, so we had to find somewhereelse. 3. Billshaveto pay / haveto be paid within a month, or elsethey cut your electricityoff. 4. I wish they'll/ theyd do something about all the stray dogs in the park. 5. I see/ l'll be seeing Bill later, so l'll ask him if he got your e-mail. 6. I thought the film will be / was goingto be grear, but it wasn't as good as the book. 7. A new stadiumis beingbuilt / is goingto be built sometime in the next four or five years. 8. lf everything goes / went accordingto plan,we should be able to move by the end of the month.

B: just better irthev i::i':i.'1.. ,;ffl1uch ;"."";

2. A: They'regoingto chargepeopleto drive into the city centre,arent theyl B: Yeah, but if you ask me, it . . . . (b") far better

ran d :i:i::':':(il ;;;; ;;['Ji[TflH1'f

3. A: There'sso much litter everywhere.

B: *[T,,":;i illll ,; ;,Ji:["fl''"i;lln;"n"'

4. A: This bus is hardly moving!Thetraffic'sawful. B : I know ! | thi nk i t .... (be) a real l y good idea if they . . . . (bring) back the trams. 5. I think it . . . . (be) a reallygood idea if they . . .. (not charge)peopleto get into museums. You . .. .(get) a lot more peoplegoing. 6. A: They'regoingto open another coffeeshop there. B: Really? lt . . .. (be) far more usefulif we . . . . (have)a decent supermarketinstead.

9. That bridgeshould've beenwidened/ should've been beingwidened yearsago. 10. l'll be back/ I'm backat university quite soon,touch wood!

Multiple choice
Choose the correct alternative. | . What would be reallygreat is if my parents ... ! a. will buy me a car b. boughtme a car 2. I'veapplied for a job in Stockholm, but ... , I might try Denmark. a. if that fallsthrough b. if nothinggoes wrong 3. lf it doesn'tstop raining, I'm goingto end up ... ! a. going mad b. to go mad 4. ... is get other peopleto do her job for her! a. All Kate ever does b. All Kate is ever doing 5. lU like to end up with my own business, but ... , I'll probablyhaveto work in the fami| shop. a. basically b. hopefully c. realistically 6. What I'd really like ... the guitar. a. to do this year is learn to play b. doingthis year is learning to play 7. ... to wait outside till he was ready. a. He told me b. He saidme

Speaking
Make a list of things that annoy you about your town/city. Tell your partner your ideas and suggest alternatives using the second conditional structures above.

Conversation
Put the jumbled conversation into the correct ordea a. So,how are thingsat work? b. I think of nothing else,actually!I've got an appointmentwith Personnel tomorrow so that might make a difference. c. Dreadful, to be honest! | feel as if I'm goingto end up having a nervous breakdown! d. How will that help? e. Well, l'll havethe chanceto talk about the problemsin my department.They might listen. On the other hand,they might not! f. ls it as bad as that? Have you had any more thoughtsabout leaving them?

-1J -J J J J J

8. Dont ringbeforenine. a. We'llbe having dinner

b. We'llhave dinner

Compare your answers with a partner and discuss your choices.

1M

Review : n i t s1 7 - 2 0 U

Look back and check: More expressions with bother

Look back at'More expressions with bothe/ on page l3l. Tick any of the expressions you can temembea Ask your partner about anything you have forgotten. With a partneq write eight new sentences that would produce the responses a-h. Compare what you have written with another paia Did you have any similar ideas? Now cover Exercise 6 on page l3l. your partner will read out your eight new sentences. Can you remember all the responses? l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Collocations
Match the verbs l-10 to the best collocations a-j. deny see move buy take deal tackle go on do sl amon a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. a flat nearer where I work house with all the complaints a problem about her problemsall the time a bit more of my wife and kids thingsas they come a casual worker his holidaypay the brakes a U-turn

Now match the verbs I l-18 to the best collocations k-r.

Expressions
Complete the short dialogues below with the expressions in the box. All the expressions are fiom units ll-20. just doingwhat I'm doing dont let it get you down wait and see if everythinggoes accordingto plan I know what you mean

I l. 12. 13. 14. 15. | 6. 17. 18.

get messup shrink do up bottl e up see dread avoid

k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

in the wash my flat myselflivingabroad made redundant the issue going to the dentist's my exam your feelings

Now discuss these questions with a partner. 19. Haveyou ever messed up any examslWhat happenedl 20. Do you know anyonewho really bottles up their feelings? 2l'. Do you know anyonewho's alwaysgoing on about how awful their life is?

l . A : I'm gettingtired of Mr Owens complaining

about our departmentall the time. B: Look, . There's nothingyou can do about it. Forget him!

2. A: I just can't believe that all the bankshere shut

at four! How can I get to one if I'm working!

B: Yes,. .
It'd be far better if they were open in the evening.

English
Match the questions l-6 to the responses a-f. l. So,when will you be ableto go backto work? 2. Haveyou seen Emma's new hairdo? 3. I wish he'd stop coughing!lt's really bugging me. 4. Haveyou tried talkingabout working in Wales with your girlfriend? 5. I'm sorry to bore you with my problems. 6. So,what happened nextl Did they fine youl a. Really? Thingslike that don't reallybother me. b. That'sOK. lts good to get these thingsoffyour chesqisn't it. c. Yeah, five hundredpounds- and six penaltypoints on my licence as well! d. No, not yet, but I heard she'shad it bleached bl onde. e. In a week or two, I think - touch wood! f . Of course I have.I mean,that was the first thing I actually did.But she just won't talk about it. Whenever I mentionit, she changes the subject!

3 . A : So,what excitingplanshaveyou got? B: Nothing,really. To be honest, I'm quite h.ppy

for the time being.

4. A: So,you're going to be in Nepal next year,then,

J am es l

B: Y e s , . . 5. A: So,did you get that job you appliedfor? B: I haven'theard yet. I'll just haveto

. . . . .!

_J -J J J J J

Can you think of three other situations when you might say:'Don't let it get you down'to someone? Can you think of three other questions you coutd answer by saying:'l'll just have to wait and see'?

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Review : nits U 17*20

ldioms
Make sentences with idioms by matching the beginnings l- 10 to th e e n d i n g s a -i . l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. That bar hasgone He let the cat I'm the blacksheep lt's a vicious I've been rushed lt's good to get things ...and to top I changed lt's a bit of a mixed That'sjust the tip of the family. off my feet all week! off your chest. my mind. out of the bag! blessing. to the dogs. th e w h o l e th i ngoff... of the iceberg. circle.

Vocabulary
Answer these questions with a partner. Then compare your answers with another pair. Who got most answers right? l. lf I sendyou on a wild goosechase, what do you come backwith? 2. Apart from people,what else might need a facelift? 3. Are shantytowns nice places to live or notl 4. What is the differencebetweenworking flexi-time, ful l -ti me and part-ti mel

5 . lf you find your bossdomineering, does it meanyou

get on with him/heror not?

remember?
With a partneri note down as much as you can remember about the two texts you read in units 18and 20.

6. 7. 8. 9. t0.

ls an optimistafraidof the future? ls it only bosses who can be bossy? When would a woman get maternityleavel lf women get maternity leave, what do men getl lf you find your bossapproachable, does it meanyou get on with him/heror notl office can be flooded with.

i l . Name one other thing apart from water that an

12. lf someoneis in chargeof all the complaints, do they makecomplaints or dealwith them? 13. What is the capitalof the counrryyou'restudying in?And what'sthe capital of AustralialBulgaria? Chile?SouthAfrica? 14. Gi vean exampl e ci rcl e. of a vi ci ous 15. Give one reasonwhy you might appeal to a tribunal. 16. Where mightyou pull over? Why? 17. lf you do most of the hard work on a job, does this meanyou havedone the rat work, the dog work, or the donkeyworkl 18. lf I tell you that they'vebannedall on-streetparking, w ho are' they' l 19. Can you think of two thingsyou sometimes just haveto put up withl 20. What's the difference between the inner city and the city centre?

A sticky problem

Now compare what you remember with another pair. Who remembers more? Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

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Review: Units17-20

Ifscuss these questions with a partner. l- Are you h"ppy with your English at the momentlWhy/why notl L How much better do you think you can getl 3- How are you goingto improve your English after this coursel l|.ow read this text and underline anything you strongly agree or disagree with.

Compare what you've underlined with a partner. Are there any other ways of improving your English in future that you can think of?

147

*rrlt -*
Kirsty Kirsty?She's reallyinteresting. quite sporty and She's musical as well.Sheplays the pianoa lot. She's actually quite good.She's in her twentiesand hasgot lovely shoulder-length blondehair. Nick You'dlil<e Nick. He's reallynice.He'svery easy-going. He's got a great senseof humour.He's only thirty-five. He'sgot reallyshort hair - shaved, I thinl<. He'svery interestedin photographyand arty things. Jenny a reallyenergetic sort of Jennyis in her forties.She's person- always doingthings" got a very warm She's personality and enjoyshelping other people. Shehas short,dark hair and darl< eyes" Matt Matt is still at university. He's reallyfriendlyand is one of the most popr.rlar people I know. He's very hard-working and serious, but he'salsoa lot of fun. He'sgot fair hair and he wearsglasses.

I don't l<now. I've neverthought about it, I suppose. Melanie: So,what about you? Haveyou got any brothers or sistersyourself? Simon: Yes,I've got one of each,actually. Melanie: Oh right.Older or younger? Simon: My sister's two or three yearsyoungerthan me, but my brother'squite a lot older.He's about forty now Melanie: Do you get on with them all right?You havent reallytalkedabout them very much. Simon: Well, my brother,not that well,actually. He's differentfrom me, a bit old-fashioned, a bit traditional. Well, actually, he'sa bit, how can I put it, right-wing.You l<now- things aren't what they usedto be,more police, death - that lcindof thing.He's a bit of a fool, penalty actually. Melanie: Oh, well,it tal<es all sorts,I suppose. Simon: But my sister, she's great.We get on really well.We've got the samekind of senseof humour" Melanie: Justa pity about the brother from hell,eh? Simon: Yes. Oh, but he'snot that bad.We get on all right,as long as you steer clearof certain topics.Anyway,you were tellingme about your Parents. Melanie: Oh, there'snot much to tell,actually.

Simon:

M e l a n i e :I cant remember" Do you take millcl S i m o n : Please, but no sugar. Thanks. lt's weird,you l<now, but I'vebeento your housethree times new,and I still haven't met your parents. M e l a n i e :Yes,they're out a lot. My dad worlcs for the BBC and my mum'sa, she does sort of temping work for a company. You l<now, like an advertising agency. They're both really busy. S i m o n : Oh, they soundreallyinteresting. M e l a n i e :Do you thinl<so?| find my dad a bit dull,to be honest.He works late every day,evenworl<s sorneweel<ends, doesn'tread,doesn'tgo out. I mean, don't get me wrong,he'squite nice,but I don't know, I just dont haveanythingto say to him.I think the thing is,we just dont spend enoughtime together. S i m o n : H o w o l d i s h e ,t h e n ? M e l a n i e :About fifty-five,I thinl<. I can never really rememDer. S i m o n : Oh, yeah. M e l a n i e :But my mum'slovely. reallynice,a bit too She's nicethough,sometimes, trying to look always after me. Sheworries about me leaving home. She'sa bit over-protective, if you know what I meanI . ' m a n o n l y c h i l ds , o ... S i m o n : Oh, I didn't know that. M e l a n i e :What?Youmeanyou cant tell!

.;i:{ J
f i

,4: Can you give me a lift home? B: I'm sorry,I'm afraidI can't.I lost my licencelast * had a bit too much to drink and got weel< stoppedby the police! r\r Do you thinl<| could get that camerabackoff you sometimesoon? B: I don't know how to put this,but i thinl<| lost it last nightwhile I was out. I'rn reallysorry,but I've searched everywhere and I can'tfind it. l'll get you anotherone. I'm extremelysorry.

3 . A: Haveyou heard from Jan recently?

E: Well, actually, I haven't- not for abor-lt six months - we had a bit of an argumentlast year.

Al ls your grandfatherany better? B: I'm afraidnot.We'revery worried about him.But then,he is ninety.

5. ,\; So,has Peter had his resultsyet?

E: Well,yes,I'm afraidhe has. He didn't pass- so he's got to re-sit part of his examsin July. "A:Are you feelingall right,Stevel B: Well, actually, no. I'vejust had some very bad news.

148

Tapescripl

7. A: Hello,how are you?

B: Oh, fine thanks.Well, actually, I think I'm gettingthe flu, so I'd stay awayif I were you. A: I thought you had a dog. B: We did. But unfortunately, it ran out into the street and was run over.I'm afraidwe had to haveit out down.

i.Jr;irr S
Not as often as I used to (page 2t)
Interview with June, the bus driver. l. A; How often do you work in the evenings? B: Not all that often, actually, just when I haveto. Some people lil<e the extra money,but I prefer to be at home with my kids. 2. A: How often do you get up early on Saturdays? B: Oh, all the time! My boys playfootballevery Saturday morning,so I've got to be up by eight. 3. A: How often do you see your parents? B: Well,they live in Wales,so,not as often as ld like to. I suppose I see mum and dad two or three times a year. 4. A: How often do you haveyour hair done? B: Oh, about everyfortnight.lt depends really. lf I'm goingout somewhere, I might haveit done specially. 5. A: How often do you seeyour best friend? B: Whenever I can.She livesquite near me, but shet a nurse,so she'sgot to worl< at weekendsquite a lot. 6. A: How often do you go awayfor the weekend? B: Oh, only a coupleof times a year.lt's difficult when you'vegot children. 7. A.; How often do you go to the cinema? B: Oh, hardlyever.I usually wait till films come out on video and then get them for an evening. 8. A: How often do you go clubbing? B: Nlot as often as I used to. Before I got married, I usedto go out every weekend.

H e l e n a :Well, if you'd rather,we could alwaysgo and see a film.I lilcereallyscarythings. Dan: What?You mean like Halloween? Helena: Yes, that kind of thing,and I also quite like action movies, you l<now, car chases, guns, bombs,anythingthat's fast and exciting. Dan: Oh, right. To be honest with you, I'm not really that keenon violentfilms. H e l e n a :You'rekidding! And I thoughtrhis was goingto be the perfectrelationship! Dan: So did l! But it doesn'tsound like we'vegot all that much in common,really, does it? Helena: Oh come on, there must be something we can do! Dan: Let me think. Well, I suppose we could always go clubbing. Helena: What? Somewhere like Paradox? Dan: ls that the new placethat'sjust opened? just lastweek.Right, Helena: Yes, so how about going clubbing, then? Dan: OK. Why not? Do you go much yourself? Helena: No, not all that often,actually. A coupleof t i m e s a y e a rl , guess. Dan: Oh, me too now but I usedto go a lot more when I was younger- almost every weekend. The thing was,though,it iust got to me after a while,staying out dancintall nightand then having to go to work first thing in the morning. I'm getting a bit too old for it now. Helena: Oh, well,that'sthat off the menu,then! So,what shallwe do then? Dan: I don't know.Couldn'twe iust get a video,and a curry,and havea nice quiet evening in in front of the telly? Helena: Oh, you'vegot to be joking!We're not in our gravesyet. I mean,that's the kind of thing my parentsare probablydoing right now! Look, it's not what ld normallydo on a Monday night,but let'sgive clubbing a go! lt might be a laugh.

Not really keen (page 23)

A: I love nearlyall winter sports. B: Really? I'm not reallyvery keen on them, myself. I once broke my leg skiingand it put me off - for life! 2. A: Going out with a crowd of friendsand having fun, that's what I really like doing. B: Do you?lt's not reallymy kind of thing,I'm afraid. I prefer to go out with just one or maybetwo pebple.I hate crowds. 3 . A: I'm reallyinterested in politics. B: Oh, it's not reallymy l<ind of thing,I'm afraic. I dont reallyunderstand what makesall the partiesdifferent. They all seemthe sameto me! 4. A: I'm reallyinto older music, you know,before 1967. B: Are you?I'm not reallythat l<een on anythint before | 980.

So what do you feel like doingtonight? Any ideasl Helena: Well, I'd quite like ro see a film,or, I dont know, see if there'sanygood bandsaround,if you're into bands. Dan: Yes, that's an idea.What lcindof music do you lil<e, then? Helena: Oh, all sorts,really, you know,a lot of pop ano I quite like bluesand iazz andthingslil<e that. Dan: Oh, really? I'm more into dancemusicmyself, s o m a y b e. . .

Dan:

149

5. A: My favouritelcindof thingsare comicsand cartoons. B: I don't reallylike thingslike that myself. I don't see the point of them. I prefer a good novel- the longerthe better! 6. ,4r I'm reallyinto roller-blading. lt's a bit lilce roller-sl<ating. B: Are you? lt's not really my lcindof thing. I'm always worried I mightget hurt.

Phil: Jason:

Phil:

Jason:
-J...".

Phil:

Wh* did wrhat?{pase 36}

Jason: Speaker l: lt was total chaos.We had all our things lyingaroundall over the place, makingit impossible to get in or out of the house.lt tool< forever to get everythingall boxed up and into the van. We had to - and then there makefive trips just to shift everything was the unpacking! What a nightmare! Speaker 2: lt was a realweight off my shoulders. Things had been bad for a while and I'd iust got to the point where I just couldn'tstandit any more. Everydaythere was hell,but then once I'd handedin my notice,I felt free again, and the future suddenly looked a lot brighter. Speaker 3: I had my lastone and stubbedit out, and then I felt reallypleased but a coupleof with myself, hours later the craving reallystartedand I found myself absolutely dyingfor one. I was so tempted duringthe lunchbreal<, but I managed to get throughthe whole day without one,and after that it was plainsailing.
I

Phil: Jason: Phil: Jason: Phil:

Oh, right.So,he helpedyou, did hel Yes, he helpedme get the iob. I mean,I knew I didn't want to speridmy life sittingin an office pushing bits of paperround a deskor stucl< in front of a computerscreen! Yeah, I know exactlywhat you mean.I'm halfblind already! So,whydid you decideto move to London, then? Was it for work or because of a relationship or what? Well, it was mainlyworl<, but also because I was just realiyfed up with where I was livingat the time. lt was down in Crawley, wasn't it? lt's pretty quiet down there,isn't itl it's dead.There'sabsolutely nothing Quiet?Yeah, to do there. So,was it the right deeision, then? What? Becoming a fireman? No, no, movingto London,I mean. definitely. Oh yeah, I love it. I don't think I could live anywhereelse now. No, it's the samefor me. lt gets you after a while,doesnt it? lt's like a drug.

Jmkes{page 4t}
l. l\: How come you drive with your bral<es on? B: I want to be ready in casethere's an accident!
2. fo.:How come you were born in New Zealand?

B: I wantedto be near my mum! 3. A; I wish I'd broughtthe pianowith me. E; How come?
rtl Because I left the planeticlcets on it!

4CI} I Fcr4r a day! {pase

smoke.Oh sorry,do you Justtime for a quicl< want one? Jason: No, thanks.I gaveup years ago. Phil: Good for youl I'vegivenup eventrying to give uP! it! a nightmare, isn't it? Jason: Yeah, Tell ryre Phil: about it! | don't know how you managed it. but it was my job that did it. J a s o n : Well, it's funny, I mean,l'd beensmoN<ing for years, and you lcnowit's destroying your lungs, don't you,and I knew I wouldn't be ableto becomea fireman if I didn't give up. Phit: So,what's becominga firemangot to do with it? ls it the fire risl< or something? Jason: No, it's just that I knew l'd haveto passa physical to get in,and I wouldn't be ableto do that if I was smol<ing forty a day. Phit: Forty a day!Justas well you tave up! So,how eome you decidedto become a fireman anywayl Jason: Mm, I'd haveto thinl<about that. I supposeit all goesbackto when I got out of college. I wanted to do something you excitingand different, know,and a friend of my dad'swas in the local fire brigade. Phil:

4. ,$,;When I was a kid, I ran awayfrom home. lt took them six monthsto find me. B: Six months!How come it tool<them so long? Ar They didn't look!

*r:,i'i S
Fiyingjoke {paEe aai
Alfred had never flown before and was extremely nervous. He was flyingacrossthe Atlanticto visit his sister, who had emigratedto Canada.When he got on the planehe found he was sittingin a window seat.After a few minutes, the personnext to him arrived- an enormously fat American. Not long after the planetook off,the Americanfell asleep and began to snore loudly. lt was obvious to Alfred there was no way he could get out, even to get to the toilet, without wal<ing the man up. After the in-flight meal had beenserved,theplane enteredan areaof severe turbulence.The American continued to snore.Alfred,however. startedto feel sick. He was desperate to tet to the toilet. Finally, he was sick - all over the man's trousers.The Americandidn't walce up,but he just continued to snore.Alfred didn't know what to do. As the planetoucheddown,the Americanfinallywol<e up and saw his trousers.Alfred turned to him and said. 'Are you feelingbetter now?'

1sCI

Tapescr'ipt

Steve: Yes, we're going to this little Frenchplace near

l. r\: lt must'vebeen reallyhot in Greece. B: Hot? lt was boiling!That'swhy we made sure the hotel had air-conditioning. 2. ,41Oh, you're from 56o Paulooriginally, are you? It's a pretty big city,rightl B: Big?lt's enormous!That'swhy I moved to a small town out in the country. 3. A; How'syour flat?lt must be a bit cold with all this snow we're having. B: Cold? lt's freezing! That'swhy I've decidedto have centralheating put in. 4. /\; lt's pretty quiet down in Devon,isnt it? B: Quiet? lt's dead!That'swhy I decidedto move to the city! 5. A; You must'vebeen pretty surprisedwhen you read the report in the papers. B: Surprised? | was shocked! That'swhy I contacted my solicitor straightaway. 5. A; lt's a bit smallin here,isnt it? B: Small? lt's tiny!You can hardlyswinga cat in here! 7. A: So,is he good-looking, then,your new boyfriend? B: Good-looking? He'sgorgeous!You'll die when you s e eh i m ! 8. A; lt must'vebeen a bit scary, going so high up like that. B: Scary? lt was terrifying!There's no way you'll catch me doingthat again!

*r,ix d
(page Flanningexpress;CIns 48)
Gavin: Well,tonighti guessl'lf probably just stayin and havea quiet night in front of the telly.I'm a bit too tired to do anything. really.Then on Saturday morning,I'm going to try to get up really early and go off and play footballwith some matesof mine in the park,which should be fun. Then Saturday afternoon,unfortunately, I'vegot to do some thingsaroundthe house, because the place is a tip at the moment. Then,Saturday night,I've got a big night because a friend's havinga party at her placeand Karen's goingto be there. And Sunday morningI imagine l'll needto havea lie-injust to recover,really, and then in the afternoon,I've got a friend comingover.And then,finally, Sunday night,I guessl'll probablyjust stay in and havean early night.

where I live. The food's great there, and then tomorrow I've got to get up really early - at leastfor me! - and do some cooking, because I'vegot some peoplecomingover in the afternoon. And l'll havero give the placea reallygood cleanas well. And, I'm not sure,but I think we'll probablybe goingout after rhat to see a film or somethint.We havent really plannedanything.What about yourself? Ken: Well,tonight I'm supposed to be goingout with some peoplefrom my old job, but I don't really feel like it any more. I'm feelingreallytired. Steve: So,you're just going to stay in, then? Ken: Yes,because tomorrow night I've got a big night. I'm goingto my friends Pete and Rachel's party. It's on a boat. Steve: Oh, that soundsgreat. Whereaboutsl Ken: Down by the river. You know, in the docks. Steve: Oh yes,I know where you mean.I went to a party there myselfa while ago. Ken: Right.lsit OK down there? Steve: Yes,it's great,but it's not all that big. There's not that much room on the ooat. Ken: Mm, soundscosy! Steve: Oh, yes,you can get really close to people! Lots of sweaty bodies! Ken: I dont think it's going to be that sort of party! Steve: Well, you never know. lf you're lucky,it might becomeone! No, I'm only joking,it's actually a great placefor a party. Ken: Good. I'm reallylookingforward ro it. But then on Sunday, unfortunately, I've got to do some thingsfor work. Steve: No rest for the wicked!Well, listen,I mlght give you a ring on Sunday, then,just to hear all about your quiet nightout down on the river!

*v,l'x&i
l-ifestyie{page 64}
l. I hategoingthere,but I'd run out of thingsto wear and,to be honest,some of my clothes were a bit well, you know,so I thought I'd better havesome cleanshirts before work on Monday. 2. ltt not something I normallydo but I just felt like a bit of freshair and it was a nice summer's evening and quite a few shopswere open so,yes,it was really ntce.

3 . Not.much really. I was quite tired when I got in from

Thank gsodnessitk Friday!{page 50}

Steve: Thank goodnessitt Friday! This week's been dratging on forever. Ken: Tell me about it! So,what are you up to this weekend? Steve: Oh, nothingspecial, really. This evening, I'm just going out for dinner with my parents. Ken: Oh, that shouldbe nice.

work, so I iust got myselfsomethingto eat and then wrote a couple of letters,read a bit, watched a bit of TV and before I knew it, it was nearly midnight. Sorry I couldn'tring you last night,butWednesdays are my evenings for Art History.lt's somethingI've alwaysbeen interested in, so I thought I'd try this tenweek coursethat the university's runningthis autumn.

'!51

Tapescript

2. I was so exhausted, I just went straightto bed as soon as I got in. Lucy: Hey,Rose,there's a letter for you. Rose: Thanks.You must've got in late last night.I didn't evenhearyou come in - and I went to bed after one. Lucy: I did,actually, yes.I went and met some old friends from collegethat I hadn't seenfor ages. Rose: Oh, did youlThat must'vebeennice. Lucy: Yes, we had a drink and a chat and caughtup with all the gossip.You know what it's like. Rose: U h - h u h . Lucy: Then we had something to eat and then another drink and then we endedup goingon to this awful disco in town. Rose: Oh, did you?Which one?Not Stardust. No, surelynot Stardust? - and it was really Lucy: I'm afraidit was,actually terrible,just full of lcids and the musicwas so loud I could hardlyhear myself thinl<. lt was like beingbackat schoolall over again. Kids of fourteen actingas if they were eighteen! Rose: I could've told you that! Lucy: This boy came up to me - you know, bottle of beer in his hand, actingall macho, and askedme to dance!| bet he hadn'tevenstartedshaving! Rose: And did you? Lucy: What? Dancewith him?Of courseI did!Then I told him I was thirty-five! Rose: You'reso cruel. Lucy: Well, I just figuredit was better he found out sooner rather than later that I was old enoughto be his n-rum! Rose: I thoughtyou were supposed to be there talking to old friends. Lucy: I was,but there was so much noise, you couldn't reallyhavea proper conversation. And then to top it all,I missed the lasttrain home and had to get a cab and didn'tget in untii three! Rose: Didn't you?Youmust be feeling exhausted this morning, then. Lucy: Yeah, I could do with anotherhour or two in bed,that's for sure. ,Anyway, what about you? How was your night? Rose: Oh, it was OK. I just did a bit of shopping on my way home,cool<ed myselfsome ramen noodles. Lucy: Cooked yourselfsome what? Rose: Ramennoodles, you know,just Japanese noodles. Lucy: Oh, OK. Rose: They'rereallyquick and easy, and then I just did a bit of tidying-up, you l<now, nothingamazing or anything, read for a bit, watched a bit of telly some film * you know the kind of thing that'son late on Channel 4. Actually, I was so tired, I fell asleeoin the middleof itl Lucy: Oh, dont! You'remakingme feel evenmore exhausted! 3. I was so hungry, I could'vecarriedon eatingall night! 4. lt was so hot, I could hardlybreathe. 5. His conversation was so dull,I could hardlystop myselffrom yawning. 6. I was so angry, I could'vel<illed him! 7. I was so worried,I rangthe police. 8. The film was so bad,I wall<ed out halfway through.

-,': ; I

'; ";

Linking ldeas(pase 6e)

l. lt was so cold,my handsfelt like they were going to fall off.

Cathy: So,we've got to take this one and then change at CannonStreet,right? Diane: Yes, that's ir. Hey,did I tell you about what happened with me and my dad on the underground lastyear? Cathy: No, go on, what? Diane: Weil, about a year and a halfago,I decidedto get all my hair cut off, right?I alwaysused ro havereally, reallylong hair - ever sinceI was about fourteen or fifteen,you know - way down - parted in the middlelilce pastmy shoulders curtains.So,anyway, about a week after I had it all cut off, you know - really short - and I looked ouite different. Cathy: Yeah,I bet. Diane: So,anyway, I was goinghome on the tube,and I was halfasleepbecause it was five or six o'clocl< and I was just standing there,mindingmy - and little did I know that my dad own business was actually comingbacl< from a business trip abroad, passing through Londonon the underground to get his train bacl< to Durham. And guess what?He got into the samecarriage as me!The doors closedbehindhim.So there I am, standingthere face-to-face with my own father! | don't recognise him at first,but then I think,'Ah,that'smy dad,'and,of course, he's obviously only seenme with reallylong hair for the lastten years, and so l'm standing there, staringat him and he l<eeps on glancing at me nervously, thinking,'Who's this lunaticstaring at me?'and I'm thinking- you know,it's the strangest feelingnot beingrecognised by your own dad - so I just stood there thinlcing,'Well, shall I just get off at the next stop without tellinghim,or shalli risk givinghim a nervous breakdownand a heart attacl< by saying,'Hello dad'l But,anyway, eventually I went,'Hello dad' and he went,'Diane!' and then saidnow he was tetting reallyworried because he thought I was a pick-pocket or a drug addictor something who'd beengettingreadyto pinch - and,um,yeah, his wallet or something that was a pretty strangeand funny thing. Cathy: Yeah, reollystrange.

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Taoescriot

(page Story-tellingexpressions 78)

A,: Did I tell you about what happened to me in France
last year?

Sharon: Yeah, it's great. And then I spent the eveningat

my mum's, which was nice.

Barry: Oh, that soundsgood. Sharon: Yeah, and apart from that, I've been doing
thingsfor college, really. Barry: Uh-huh, still beinga good student, then. Oh look, there's my bus into town. I'd best be off. l'll see you soon,then.Bye. Sharon:Yeah, OK, bye.

B: No, I dont think you did.Go on.

l{:

B: A:

B: A;

Well, I was on holidaywith my parentsin this little villagenear the sea,and we ran out of money. Really? That'sawful. Yes, so we went into town to find a cashmachine which we did,no trouble.Anyway, when we put the card in the machine, it iust startedspittingout loadsand loadsof money. You'rejoking!So did you keep it? Of coursewe did!Wouldn'tyou?

I sometimes wish ld known my grandfather on my mum'sside.He was supposed to havebeena really interestingguy.

*,r:i"l i X
Sharon: Barry! Hi, how are you?| haventseenyou for ases. Barry: Hello,Sharon. Longtime, no see. Sharon: I l<now. So how're you doing? Barry: I'm all right,thanks.And you? Sharon: Yeah, not too bad.So,what've you been up to sinceI lastsaw you? Barry: Not a lot - working mostly- I've beenworking really long hours this week,getting reallyfed up with it, you l<now Sharon: Really? Barry: Yeah, but I went down to Kent last weekend, for my grandma's birthday party. Sharon:Oh, how old was she? Barry: Eighty-five. lt was reallygreat. We went for this lovelymealand then we went for a walk along the beach.lt was good ro get out of the city. Sharon: I bet. I l<eep meaningto havea weekend away myself. Barry: I know. You get to the point where you really need it, don't you? lf you don't get out of London from time to time, it starts driving you crazy,you l<now.Anyway,what about you? What've you been up tol Sharon:Well,on Sunday morningI went and sawthat exhibition at the RoyalAcademy. Barry: Oh yes,the one there'sbeenall that fussabout - deadsheepand picturesof toilet rolls and things. Sharon: Yeah, my friend Angela- she'sat art school she kept nagging me to go and see it, so I went. Barry: And what did you think of it?Was it any good? Sharon: Oh, I actually thought it was excellent, really good and challenging. There'sonly one thing that madeyou go'yuk!'- the deadsheep. I think it! meantto shockyou,though. Anyway, after that, I popped round and saw a friend of mine,Richard, for a bit and then we went uD to Camden market to do a bit of shopping. Barry: Oh yeah, it's nice up there on a Sunday, isn't it?

2. I wish I hadnt eatenso much earlier. I feel reallysick! 3 . I often wish I had travelledmore when I was young6r.
I iust don't havethe time to do it now. I reallywish I had gone to see the doctor about it earlier. lt wouldn't havegot so bad if I had. I sometimes wish I hadn'twastedso much time wnen I was at university. I wouldnt be working here if I'd got a better degree. I wish I hadnt spent so much moneywhile I was on holiday. I wouldn't be so badlyin debt if I hadn't.

7. I wish I'd met her earlier. I wouldn't havehad to

spend so manyyears of my life on my own!

8. I reallywish I hadn'tlost my address bool<.I'm going

to losetouch with loadsof peoplenow

*s;i'*- * * :
Recommending {page 99)
Conversation I A: I went and saw an exhibitionat the HaywardGallery earlierin the week. B: Oh, did you? What was it? A: lt was a collectionof photosfrom the first lunar landing. B: Oh, really? lt soundsquire interesting. What was it like? A.; Quite good, actually,thephotos were reallygreat, - some of them. quite amazing B: So,you'drecommendit,thenl S,: Yes,you should go and see it. Conversation 2 y'\: I went and saw that new exhibition at the National Gallerythe other day. B: Oh, did you?Which one'sthat again? A: Oh, it was this collectionof Flemish paintings from the seventeenth century. B: Oh really?What was it like? A; Well, I didnt think much of it myself. lt was all a bit dull,you l..now B: So,you wouldn't recommendit, then? A: No, I'd give it a miss, if I were you - unless you really lil<e that sort of thing,of course.

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Tapescripl

Reeclrfr mxendFr"rg expresslons{page 99i

l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 7. lt's OK if you're into that sort of thing. lt's a must. I reallyrecommendit. I'd give it a missif I were you. lt's well worth a visit. lt's not worth the entrancefee. lt's not really my cup of tea.

Conversation 3 .s': Didn't you go to see Mocbethlast week? B: Yeah, it was brilliant. I've beento it a few times before,but I think this was the best productionI've ever seen. ,*",; Yeah, someone I worl< with went and said it was wonderful. I wish I'd beenableto get a ticl<et.

Asking linked Errestiems 105} {page #h, that remind$rncF(page 1s2)

t . "4,;I visitedAlan in hospitallast Fridayto see how he
was gettrngon. B: Oh, did you?| l<eep meaning to go and see him myself. How was he?

t . A; What's his houselil<e? ls it big?

B: Yes,it's huge.lt's got four bedrooms and an enormousgarden.

2. ,4,:What was that book like?Wasit interesting?

B: No, it wasnt, actually. lt was really boring.In fact, I didn't evenfinishreading it.

2. A,:I spentall day Sunday catching up on all my mail.

B: Oh, that remindsme. I must sendin my passport application.

3 . /4: What's your new job lil<e? Are you enjoyingit?

B: Yes, very much.My bossis reallynice and it's quite well paid,really.

3 . A,: I went and saw that musical, Chicogo,last week.

B: Oh, I've been meaning to go and see that for ages. Was it as good as everybodysays?

4. A.rWhat wasTunisia likelWas it warm?

B: Yes,it wos quite warm, but not as hot as the last time we went.

4. l\l I went round to Mike and Sue's the other dayto

seethat new car they'vebeentellingeveryone aDout. B: Oh, that remindsme. I must givethem a call. I havent spokento them for ages.

5 . ,4: What's this CD like?ls it any good?

B: Yes, I think it's treat. The third track is brilliant. 6. l.\: How was the match? Did you win? E: No, we lost three - one.lt was just terrible.I cant believe it.

5 . /-h.r I went down to Bristol for the weekenda couDte

of weel<s ago. B: Oh, really. I'vebeenthinl<ing about having a weekend awaymyself.Were you campingor what? 6. lc: I just stayedin last night and watchedTV. There'sa greatthing on on Fridays at the moment about Antarctica. B: Oh,that remindsme. I must record that new thing on ChannelFour tonight.lt's meantto be really funny.

Nct exaetlyS$rakespeare t11i {page

Paul: Guesswhat I went and saw last night - Titonic - it's on againthis week at the Duke of York's. Mick Oh, yeah. I saw that when it first cameout. What did you thinl<of it? Did you lil<e it? Paul: Oh, it was great.I reallyenjoyedit. I thoughtthe specialeffectswere amazing, and the actingwas brilliant. lt's one of those filmswhere,you know, when I first heardabout how much money they'dspenton it, I just couldn'tbelieve it, but it was reallygreat.lt was a bit like one of those old disastermovies,you know, like lowering lnfernoor Earthquoke, oniy better. Mick Really? I'm surprised. I thoughtthe actingwas a bit wooden myself, and the dialogue was just awful.I can't believeyou actuallythought it was worth the moneytheyd spent on it. I mean, didn't you find the whole thing just a little bit over-the-toP? Paul: Oh, no. l.{ot at all.I thought it was brilliant. Miclc But the actingwas horrendous! Paul: Well, I know it's not exactly Shakespeare, but it's not meantto be, is it? l'll tell you something weird though, there was this guy sittingnext to us who snoredall the way throughthe film! Mick ReallylThat must'vebeen reallyannoying. How could anybody actually sleepthroughall that noise!

.-'," I

5o what rruas like? {pagef 0a}

Conversation I ,&: Mm,this fish is reallynice.What's yours like? B: Well, I'm beginning to wish I'd had the sameas you.I usually love chicl<en, but,to be honest, this is a bit bland.The waiter saidit was in a delicious mushroomsauce, but it doesnt taste of anything. Conversation 2 .&: So,is the wine all right? B: Mm,yeah, it's all right,but it's nothint special. ,A^r I seewhat you mean. f l5 for this! lt reallyis very ordinary. B: Yes, it's a bit disappointing, to saythe least. Shall we sendit bacl<l A; No, I cant be bothered.lt's not that bad.

154

Tapescripl

Paul: I dont know - just deadtired, I suppose. Mick Yeah, I guessso,but really, though,didnt you think it was all iust a bit roo sentimental? Paul: I know what you mean, but I honestlydidn't.I reallythought it was all done just right.lt was so romantic. Mick Oh well,eachto his own. Haveyou seenBomb Alert2 yett Paul: No, I haven'teven heard of it.Who's in it? Mick Um,Jean-Paul van Klam,he'sgreat in it and, um, that woman from Kamikqze, you know who I mean.RememberlShewasTurtle-woman too, althoughI must admit she wasnt very good in that. Paul: Oh, her.So what'sit like? Any good? Mick Yeah, it's great - if you like blood all over the placeand that sort of thing. Paul: Oh, it doesnt reallysound like my sort of thing, actually. I think l'll give it a miss.

Chris: No. A hundredand fifty poundsit cost me! A fine ond six penaltypoints! Claire: Oh. that'sterrible! Chris: Yeah, but it was my own sillyfault.I mean,I should'vel<nownbetter,but going bacl< to what you were sayingabout the crossing, you're right. lt would be far safer if it was closer to the shops,because that's where everybodycrosses, you l<now That'swhere most kids cross,so it'd be more sensible if it was moveddown. Claire: Yes, I think that'sthe root of the problem. I mean, it does seema funny placefor a crossing. And I would'vesaidthe other problemwith ir is the fact that lots of cars park all round there. Chris: Yes, that does makeit difficult to see,I suppose. r-i' Apparently, the car that hit that kid had just driven off from there. Claire: Oh, really? Had it?Well,you seewhat I mean, then.

*:,:':

'j

Disagreeing
Well, I agreeup to a point, but (it'snot os simp/eos you think.) Yes,I know what you mean,but (it's time we did something obout it.) c . Yes, but dont you think that (we should wait till later?) c . Yes,but dont forget that (everything costsmoney)

l. Sorry,my mind'sgone completely blank. 2. Wait, it'll come to me in a minute. 3. Wait, it's on the tip of my tongue. 4. Sorry,I cant remember off the top of my head.

*s,i.': 3
MloresleepinEpolicemen!{page 121)
Chris: Did you hear about that l<idwho was knocked down on JunctionRoadthe other day? Claire: Yes, it was awful,wasntit? Still,it's hardly surprising, ,' is it? Chris: What do you mean? Claire: Well,there are always accidents down there, aren'tthere,especially with the speedcarsgo at. And, well,basically, the crossing's in the wrong place,isn't itl I don't know why they've never moved it. I mean,it'd be better if it was exactlyoppositethe shops, wouldn't it? Chris: Yes, I know what you mean.They could do something to slow the trafficdown,couldn't they?Maybethey could put sleeping policemen there or somethinglil<e that. Claire: Yeah, maybe- maybeone every so often would help,but what would be reallygreat is if they had one of those soeedcameras. Chris: Big Brother, you mean! Claire: No, they reallymal<e a difference. You should see how they've slowed the traffic down where my parents live. Chris: Yeah, I suppose you're right"I'm only against them because I got caughtby one last month. Claire: You'rekidding!

.j

.i* Lir.:i-:
Complaining about things ( page t2e)
Complaining about a meal Joan: Mike: How was the meal last night? Oh, it was awful!Thefood wasn'tvery good. It would'vebeen OK if that was the only problem, but the waiterswere reallyrude as well. And then,to top the whole thing off,they tried to overcharge us. Then when we complained about it, they made it soundas if it was our fault!

Complaining about a situation Julie: Terry: How's collegegoing? Not very well,actually. I'vegot a bit of a problemwith my timetablethis term. I mean, the lastthing I need is three lectureson a Friday. I wish they wouldn't change the timetable every term. Last term was much better.

l. A: Doesn'tit bug you the way shopsalways charge f9.99 when you l<nowir's really{ l0? B: I must admit,thingslikethat don't reallybother me. 2. A: Look, I'm really sorry. There's no way I can come to your party tomorrow night.I've got to work late.

155

pt Ta oescri

B: Oh, well,don't worry. lt's not the end of the world. 3. A: I reallythought I'd got the job. I mean, my interviewwent reallywell,and then they tell me I'm not evenshort-listed! B: Oh. well.Don't let it get you down. 4. A: I'vegot about five billsI'm supposed to pay by the end of the month. What do they think I am? Madeof money? B: Oh well,there's nothingyou can do about it.
j i. ,f

Rachel: Just listento us,Nick!We just soundso boring! Why don't we go off somewheretogether this - | don't know summer, you know,maybe work abroadfor six monthsl What?Youmeanpicl<ing grapesin France? That kind of thing? Rachel: Yeah, or, I don't know - working in a hotel in Spain o,r . . . Nick Or goingto Australia. lf the Aussies can work over here,why can'twe go and get a job over there? Nick

*1".{ "*
N o w y o u ' r e ta l ki n g ! (p a g e 't3 3 )
Rachel: So,haveyou had any more thoughtsabout what you're going to do next year,then? Niclc Mm. I don't l<now, really. I mean, I was thinking that it might be a good ideato do that art course I was tellingyou about,but it all depends on my resutts.

Rachel: Yeah, l'd love to do that. Where'sthe paper? What's the cheapestflight to Sydney? Nick
-.

Now you'retallcing!
i

'*ir:1d;
*

First job .4: So,what exactlydoesyour job involve then? B: Well, basically, I prepareall the prescriptions and keepa checl< on all the drugswe havein stock.I also giveadviceto peoplewho come in with minor problems. You l<now the sort of thing - what cream to use for a rash,what to tal<efor an upset tummy - that sort of thing.Sometimes, I'm just like a shop assistant, selling thingsover the counter; other times I feel lil<e I'm a doctor. Second job A: So,how long haveyou been doingthis,thenl B: All my life- sinceI left school. I worked with my father,and now I've got my son working with me. I reallyenjoyworking with wood. I love takinga pieceof wood and turning it into something useful. I learnedeverythingI know from watchingmy father and the older men at work. Now, itt great passing on my skillsto youngerguys. Third job A,: So,do you enjoy doingwhat you'redoing? B: Yeah, well, I mean,somebody's got to do it, haven't they? if nobodydid it, what would the Justthinl<, placebe like?| mean, when I was a boy,if you droppedsomething,the policewould be after you, but these dayspeopledon't care.They just drop everything- coke cans,cigarettepackets, newspapers, everything, you nameit, I've pickedit up.Mind you, I'vefound the odd f20 note. I'd never worl< indoors.I just couldn'tstandit.

Rachel: So what about France?Werent you talking about goingto Parisa while back? Nick Oh, for that Frenchcourse? Well, I would still like to do it, but I just dont know if I can afford it.

Rachel: Oh, I know what you mean.Money's always a problem, isnt it? | mean, what I'd reallylil<e to do next year is learnto drive and buy a car,but I'm not sure if l'll havethe cash.The thing is, I'm just so sicl< of having to get buses everyvvnere. Nick Dreadful, aren'tthey? You wait halfan hour and then three come alongat the sametime. just going to be staying So,you're basically around here,just trying to saveup some money, then? Rachel: Yes, I suppose so.lt depends, really. I mean,if I can find a good job,then l'll stick around,but otherwisewhat I was thinl<ing of doing eventually is goingbacl< to Glasgow Nick Oh right,because you grew up there,didn't you?

Rachel: Yes, that'sright,yes,so I suppose I do see myselfendingup there eventually. Nick Yeah. Rachel: So,assurning you do this art course, what do you seeyourselfdoingafter that,in the long term? Nick Oh, I don't l<now. No idea really. I haven't thoughtthat far ahead. l'll just take it as it comesand see what happens.

155

N*xg*fum$x* : ,ac*,**s*$g *g*# 'xxp,*$*x*'*$*r;,s

You alreadyknow a lot of English grammar, and you probablykeepa vocabulary notebool<, so it is easyto think that the two best ways to improve your English are to improveyour grammarand learn new words.But there is anotherthing you can do which is evenmore helpful, especially now you already know quite a lot of English. You needto notice collocations and record them in your notebooks. So,what are collocations? We hardlyever use one word on its own. You will usually meet a new word in a text, where it is usedwith other words. So,it is alwaysbetter to learn groups of words which are often used together. These groups of words are calledcollocations. Completeeachsentence with one word. lmust've H a v ey o u H e ' sa r e a l l y S h aw lle ...amistake. ...your homeworl<l a day, "..smol<er-at leasttwenty

meol is a heovymeal. You cannot translate/ightinto your own language until you know what word is usedwith it. That is why collocation is so important.lf you write collocations in your notebool<, mal<e sure you translate the collocation as a single chunk.

.n'

*flS.t:;'it*i. l"n'f;,rtfi
You havemet lots of English tenses- the present continuous, the presentperfect, the presentperfect continuous and so on. You mightthinl< the systemis very complicated. In fact,it is fairlysimple.There are only three reallyimportantpatternsthat you needto understand. Continuous forms Here are some examoles: The presentcontinuous: O h n o ,i t s r a i n i n g again. The pastcontinuous: I was working all lastweel<end. The presentperfectcontinuous: There you arel * I've beentrying to ring you all morntng. In every example the speal<er seesthe actionas extendedbetweentwo pointsin time. so a continuous form is used.This is alsotrue for eventsorganised before now which will happen after now: We're havinga few friends round on Friday. Would you Iiketo come? The game is being playednextTuesday. The continuous always emphasises that the speaker thinlcs the eventis extendedover a period: Next weel<l'll be lyingon the beachin rhe sun" Perfect forms The presentperfect: Oh, you've changed your hair.I prefer it that way. The past perfect: Steve toid me, but ld already heardfrom Amanda. The presentperfectcontinuous: There it is! I've been loolcing fon that everywhere. In every casethe speaker is lookingbackon an earlier event.In spol<en English we often notice something now which makesus commenton what happened earlier. The sentence often linksthe causeof the presentsituation, or the resultof what happened earlier: The journeyonly takesme twenty minutesnow because they've opened the new road at last. Vy'e've moved,you lcnow, so I haveto come on the train nowadays.

" . . a ." . . . . . . " . b r e a l < i You alreadyknow'chunl<s' of language. For example: mal<e a nristake heavysmoi<er Theseare all collocations. lf you learnwords one by one, it is easyto mal<e mistakeswhen you use the words later.You might,for example,say: I think I did o mistoke, or I haven'tmade my homework. lf you learnwords in groups, you will not make as many mistakes. There are lots of differentkindsof collocations. lt is a good ideato havea differentsectionin your notebool< for collocations of differentkinds. Here are some of the most imDortantkinds: curiy hair i:aythe bill tf';enre parl< highlyei{f*nsive + noun) (adjective (verb + noun) (noun + noun) do your homework havea short break

(adverb+ adiective) *n either sideof (prepositional phrase) ofi the other hand (adverbphrase) ta.fking ts s#m old friends (verb + adjective + noun)

The most importantkind of collocation you needto + nsun.For example: learn is verb+ (odjective) applyfor a new job Notice that you may know all the words in a phrase, but not recognise the phraseas a single chunk. Learning it as a chunk is very important. Notice the opposite of o lightcolouris a dork colour, but the opposite ol o light

157

Grammar introduction

Simple forms Theseare usedif the speal<er is givinga summary, or overviewof the whole situation. Differentkindsof overviewall use the simpleform: i seewhat you mean. I never eat meat. I promise Nwont saya word to anybody" I playtennisat leastsnee a week all year round. It tal<es about two hours,depending an the traffic. lf you use anotherform, it addsextra meaning, so the simpleform is the basicform. lt is the most common form of the verb in English.

In ( l) you are talkingabout cheese in general. = In (2) cheese differentlcinds of cheese. You can count Camembert, Roquefort, Brie,etc. - strongIn (3) you are contrasting one kind of cheese with another. . "::
q d - r

'I
1}' I . r .

o".j I
w f, " o . i.-"in . r i

..f:*

l;','n1^:
:** ^ . -

i..,t - r / i J f # . '

i , f . . , : : . : :, . : : ' . : - . : - :
;#

There is only one reallyimportantgrammarpatternwith English nouns- the difference betweencountoble and uncountable nouns. Countablenounsare thingswhich exist in units: books,days, children or which we thinl< of in units: ideas, plans, opporrunities Because countable nounsare about units, you can have one - a book, an opportunity (the singulor). Or you can havemore than one - six days,three children(the plurol). Uncountable nounsare thingswhich we do not usually thinl< of in units: krcl<, happiness, water,sand Somewords havetwo differentmeanings, one countable, a n do n e u n c o u n t a b l e : l" Do you thinl<there is life out rhere in spacel 2. There'sa free spacenext to that redVolvo. = the single In (l) space g , r e a tc o s m o s . In (2) space= the marl<ed areawhere you can leavea car in the car park. You can count the spaces in the car oark. So,it is not words which are countable or uncountable it is the particularmeaning of the word. Somewords havetwo very similarmeanings, but the grammaris different: l. I'veonly played two sr ehreerimes befq:re. ?. l-{urryup - we haven't much time" The train leaves at twenty Past. In (l) times = occasions" You can count how manytimes you havedone something. In (2) time = the abstractideaof time. You can measure it, but you can'rcounr ir. l. I'm very fond of cheese. 2. Franceis sometimes descril:ed as rhe land of 200 eneeses" 3. You need a very srrongcheese for this recipe.

Two things are very important if you want to improve. Firstly, you needto hear and reada lot of English. lt doesn'tmatter if you don't understand everything; if you understand part of what you hear or read, that is enough to help you improve.Secondly, you need to noticethe language you meet.lf your teachersays,'You modeo mistoke,'you needto noticethat the expression is mode o mistcke, not did o mistoke.lf you do not notice somethint, you will not rememberit. With grammar, it is alsovery importantto noticethe examples you meet. Again, you needto noticewhole expressions, and record them in your notebool< exactly as you find them. Recordexamples you meet lil<e this: It's tirne yr:u stood on your own two feet" I searched highand lsw for ir. CK, I can tal<ea hint, Not lilce this: te stand on your own twO feet highand low take the hint Do not change them so that they lool<lilce a dictionary. Changing them makesthem more difficult to rememoer, and when you usethem later, there is more chance that you will makea mistal<e. lf you write a translation, translate the phraseas a singleexpression. Slowly, you will beginto seegroupsof examples which are similarin some way.lf you can see a pattern, and you c a nd e s c r i b e i t ,t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s a ' r u l e ' .A ' r u l e ' i s nothingmore than a description of some examples which are similarin some way. But rememberthat examples which are similarin one way may be differentin other ways, so your'rule' may be only partlytrue. Eventhe rules in grammarbooks are often only partlytrue. The real examples come first;rulescome later, so the examples are more important. With vocabulary, noticeand record words in chunl<s collocations and exoressions. With grammar, notice and record the examples in context, exactly as you find them. Noticingand recordinglanguage in chunl<s will help you learn more quickly, and make fewer mistalces when you use English yourself.

158

*l**: xp
ffi1
(page 9)
Modifiersare words such as very, really, and quite.They are usedto'modify' - strengthen or weaken- adjectives. Really, very She's very nice. He's really bossy" These two modifiersare usedto mal<e positiveor negative adjectives stronger.However,with 'extreme' adjectives- boiling, huge, tiny,freezing, fantostic,delicious, etc.- you can only use reolly. lt's very hugeor Itwos very sound very strange. fantostic It's reallyboilingtoday, isn't itl It's reallydelicious, rhis soup. Quite The meaning of quitedepends both on the way it is stressed and on the context you hear it in. - he paintsand draws. john's quite creative fn the sentenceabove,creative would be stressedand the sentence means you thinl< that John reallyis creative. However, in the sentence below,quitewould be stressed and the sentence now means you thinl<Peteis creative, but not particularly creative. Pete'squite creative,but he's notVan Goghl a bit too She's a bit too nice,if you lcnowwhat I mean. The structure a bit too + positive adjective is usuallyused either to disagree slightly with what hasjust been said, as in this example: ,fr,:She'svery good'lool<ing, don't you thinl<l B: Yes, a bit too good-looking, if you ask me. I mean, she's very big-headed about rt. or to add an extra comment to a statementwe nave already made.For example: She's reallytall<ative . . . actually, she can sometimes be a bit too tallqative, now I come to thinl< of it! | mean, she just nevershutsup once she getsgoing!

The presentcontinuous, however, is usedwhen tne speaker seesthe actionor eventdescribed as only being temporary, as something alreadyin the processof being completed. She's beingreallynice at the momenr. (This is strange, because normallyshe'shorrible!) He'sworking this weel<end. (But he doesn'tusually, it's only a temporary arrangement.) Remember that the difference betweenthe oresenr simpleand presentcontinuous is about how we see an event.Both forms can be used about the sameevent.for examPte: jane's living in Greece. M a r i el i v e sl n G r e e c e " The difference is probably thatJanehasa job in Greece for ayear,but Marie is marriedand hasa familythere. The fact that the two peoplelivethere is the same, out thdway the speaker seesthe situationis different.

You probablyknow the basicrulesfor how to make comparisons usingadjectives already: we generally use + -er or more * adjective. adjective For example: /4: Shall we take the busi B: No, letk walk.lt'li be nicer, Everything's so much cheaperhere than it is in rhe UK. Most of the other peoplethere seemeda lst more experienced rhan I was" I found this booh a iot mcre interesting than the cither thingsI've had to readfor the course. Note: ln eonversation, the two thingsyou are comparing are usually obviousto the personyou'retallcing to. As a result, we tend not to comparethem both within the samesentence.This is why we don't say:Nq lett wolk. It'll be nicerthon tokingthe bus in the first exampleabove. The rules for when to add -er and when to add more are quite complex, Generally, words of three syllables take more, and most shorter adjectives of one or two syllables take -er, but this is not alwaystrue. Participleadjectives (ones which end in -ing and -ed), for example, always tal<emore.- even if they havea short sound (e.g., bored, - and so do adjectives crowded) endingin -ful and -less (e.9. helpful).There are also two very common irregulars: betterand worse.

Present simpleand present

eoiltinuoug
The presentsimpleis the most common tense in English. The presentsimplehere is usedto talk about thingsthat the speakerseesas facts about life - thingsthat are always, normallyor usually true: I find my dad a bit dul,. (always, not iust at the moment) Do you get on with thern all right? (generally)

1s9

Grammar commentary

Remember that as well as makingadjectives into comDaratives. we can also use adverbs and advero phrases to comparehow thingsare done.For example: N-le finished it mueh more quicklythan I thought he would. I get on with him,much,much better than I usedto" To comparethe first thing we are talkingabout netativelywith the secondthint we are tallcing about,we use not os ... os for adjectives: He's not as old as most peoplethinl<he is. It's not as expensive here as it is bacls home. To do the samewith adverbs, we use don't + yerb + cs + + odverb os. I don't lil<e this as much as I thought I would. Shedoesn'tcome over as often as she usedto. I don't get on with him as well as I did when we were younger. There are lots of common fixed phrases for making comparisons. We often usethem when we are answering questions. lt's a good ideato lceep a record of these everytime you meet a new one. Here are some typicalexamples: not as often as I used to not as often as I'd like to not as much as I usedto not as good as I thought it would be not as difficultas I thought it would be

A: B: A; B:

I've beenthinlcing about movinghouse. Oh, that's strange,because so ha.ve l. I hayen! been feelingall that weli just lately. There must be something goinground,because neither havei.

Finally, note that it is very common in spokenEnglish to simplyuse Oh,metoo to agreeto a positivestatement and Nq me neither to agreewith a negative one. A: I love fish and ehips. / I'vebeenthere loadsof times now.i I can speal< a bit of Japanese. B: Ch. me too. ,f.\: I dont lil<e him much./ | can'tstandthis l<ind of music. i I haven't seenher for ages. B: No, me neither.

ffi5 Wsulld {page31}

Would(or'd) is usedwhen the speal<er wantsto makea statement sound more tentativeor hypothetical: Wor"rld you mind if I left a bit early todayl I've gor a doctor's appointn-rent. (l understand it might not be possible.) It'd be great if you did come and stay in the sllmmer. (though, of course,I realise you might not be ableto) I'd quite lil<e the greenone,if you can find it. (but dont worry if you can't) However, there are also lots of usefulexpressions using would which you shouldjust try and learnto use as w h o l ec h u n k s : That'd be greac. I w o u l d n ' tm i n d . I wouldif I could. I'd quite like to. It'd be nice if you could. I wouldn't do that if I were you. It is a good ideato listenfor and collectother expressions usingwould.

U s i n ga u xi l i a ri e s 23) {p a g e
lf an auxiliary verb is usedin the initialstatement, the response will usethe sameauxiliary: So+auxiliary+l ,4: I'm goingto stayin tonight and do norhing" B: Oh,so am l" A: l've just bool<ed my summerholidays. B: Oh, that's funny,because so havel. lf we want to atree with a negativestatement,however, the pattern is: Neither + positive form of the auxiliary + | A; I don't like thingsthat are too sweet" B: lrlo,neitherdo L F,l I can't stand sea wafer. B: Ch no,neither can l. lf no auxiliary verb is presentin the initialcomment, we agreeby adding a'dummy auxiliary' do; So+do+l A: I prefer coffeewithour nrill<. B: Oh,so do l. A: I nevergo abroad. B: No, neitherdo l. Notice,that if the initialcommenthasmore than one auxiliaryverb,we agreeby usingthe frst of the two auxiliaries:

Fast perfect eontinuous(page 37)

The pastperfectcontinuous is generally usedto tall< about the background to an eventin the pastor to explainwhy this event happened. lt usually describes the eventsor actionsleading up to something which is the mainfocusof our story or description. We hadnkbeengettingon for a longtime, so we decidedto go our separate ways. "A':So how come you didn't haveany money? B: Well, I hadn'tbeenworl<ing murch, and I'd been having a lot of problemswith my car. This contrasts with the pastperfectsimple, which is used to describe a single eventwhich then had a resultin the past.Look at these examples: He looked reallyweird and then I suddenly realised he'd shavedhis beard offl (just once!)

160

G r a m mc ao r mmenia'v

I wasnt feeling well . . . i'd had a ccld for monrns. (not'ld been having a cold' - having a cold is not something you can do over and over again) Rememberthat the past perfect is alwaysconnectedto other eventsin the more recenr Dasr.

It is alsoworth remembering that there are lots of adjectiveexpressions which are followed by a preposition plusgerund; I'm not very l<een on eool<ing. You nrust be rired oL pegple_abg@ys a5kjlg you where you're from. There are two or three common verbswhich can be followedby gerundsand infinitives. Look at these examPtes: I elearlyremennber swli'nming in the seanear eur fl()use. (it happened in the past) I rnustremembertq eailmy mum tonight. (in the future) Haveyou tried asking the guy next do6r? (Haveyou already tried this method of solving your problem?) .lust ery_rc_fqrgelabour it. (in the future) I jr:srtotallyfqrgqr ro payrhe phone bill" (l should've done it, but didnt.) l'li neverforget climbing that nrountain in peru. (l still rememberit and I expectro rememberit in the future.)

Second cmffiditigriaEs Bs} {page

Secondconditionals are usedto talk about situations which the speal<er seesas unlikely or hypothetical. There are severalvery frequently used second conditionals. For example: ! wouldn't do that if i were you" I wouldn't bother if I were yoLt. I would if i eould,but I can't" It'd be grearif youlcould. it'd be tennible if rhey did. I'd die if that happened to me! One thing to rememberis that when we report first conditionals, they then havethe sameverb forms as secondconditionals: Fle told rne rhar I could if I wantedto. (His actualwords: Youcon if you wont to.) I always usedro tlrinl< that if I neededher,she'dbe there fer me" (My actualthought:If I needher,she'll be therefor me.) We also use the samegrammatical structure to talk about typicalthingsthat happened a lot in the past.For example: When I was a l<id, if lt snornred, we'd ail gs our and have hugesnowball fights. lf my dad eve{gor reaf ly angrywirh me, l'd run upstairs and then l'd hidc under rny bed. Note that in these examples, if meanseverytime or whenever. Whether you use a secondconditional or not is very much a matter of choice. For example, logically, you would expect peopleto use one when talkingabout winningthe lottery,but actually you often hear people saying thingslike this: if I win this weel<., you wor.l'tsee me baci< at wort{ next -When I win, Monday! or - evenmore optimistically! I'rn goingco tell my bosswhat he can do with his iob!

TeEkEng abeut the fr"rte.lre 49} {page

When you are trying to decidewhich form to useto talk about the future,the most importantthing to think about is why you think the actionsyou're talking about are goingto happen. Here are some guidelines to help you: 'll - the normal, everyday, contracted form of will That'sthe phone" !'ll ger it. I thini<l'li havethe ehieken. '/l describes a decision madeat rhe moment of speaking. Going to * verb Ugh! | thinl<my roorh'sgoingto faii ourt. I'm goingto handin rny notieeat wsrl* next week. Going to is usedwhen there is evidence now for the future event- something you can see or feel- or to talk about a decision you havealready madeon your own. Present continuous They'releaving next weelqsomstime. i'm seeingher for lunchtornorrow. The presentcontinuous is usedto describe eventsthat havealreadybeenarranged with other people. Present simple fl{y class finishes around nine. Shearrivessn 2"dl-4arch. These eventsare seen as facts,particularlyfacts - of movies, connected to timetables lessons, trains, boats, planes, etc.

Gerund amdiriflnitive {page rE6}

Sadly, there is no easyway to learn which verbs are followedby gerundsand which by infinitives. The best thing to do is to try to learnusefulchunksthat you can use a lot. l'll try to do ir later" I nranaged to do it in the end. I n'lustrememben to call her. i love livinghene. I'vefinallystoppedsmol<ing. I started doing it yearsago.

tG I

qlrarrTnac r ommenlary

-"^l Morewaysof talking utui (page st) aboutthe furture

I've got (somebody) (coming round). This structureis mainlyusedwith the verbs orriving, visiting and coming. Here are the most normal uses: I'vegot my murn arrivingtomorrow" I'vegot some frienels cominground later onI've got to + verb (or I have to + verb). This structureis usedto talk about thingsyou dont want to do, but feel are necessary. I've got to do some things for work. i've got to cal<e my kids te school tomorrow. It is also usedto explainwhy you can'tdo something. For example: ,,s,: Hey,we were wondering if you wanted to come out with us tonightl B: Ch, I'd love to, but I'm afraid I've got to worl< late today.l4aybenext time. I ' m s u p p o s e dt o b e - i n g , b u t . . . you Supposed to be is usedto describe arrangements havealready madewith other peopleand which you haven't changed yet,but which you now feel could be changed. The structureis often usedwith a but-clause explaining that you no longerfeel like keeping to this plan. I'm supposed to be meetingsome friendstonight, but I don't reallyfeel lilce rt any rnore. It is also usedwith a but-clause that you haven't saying definitely decidedyet. l'm supposed to be goinground to see him later, but I'rn not entirelysure. You can also say I mightgo roundto seehim loter,or I might be goinground to seehim loter. We use the structure not. . . untilwhen we want to emphasise later than usual. that we did something For examole: I oversiept I didn'twalceup until ten! this monning. I didn't start learning English so I'nr quite until lastyear! pleased with how well I'm doing.

ffi13 Linleimg ideas {page 69}

Lool<at these two ideas: It was very eold. We neededtwo pLllloversl We can linl< usinga sothesetwo ideasin one sentence c/ouse. For example: It was so cold,we neededtwo pullovers! In spol<en English, this is a very common way of explaining expressing causeand result, with the so-clause the cause.The may come first or second: so-clause It was so hot, (that) | was sweatinglil<ea pig! I was sweating it was so hot! lil<e a pig (beeause) It was so quiet in there,(that)you cor-lld've hearda pin drop. it was so quiet Ycru could'vehearda pin drop (because) in there" Notice that in normal spol<en you do not needto English, use the linlcing words in braclcets, as they are implicitly understood.

(page ro) G'l4l Jutdging hlr appearances

HelShe/ooksis alwaysfollowed by an adjective: Shelool<s reallynice and friendly. He looks a bit stressed-out to rne. HelShe looks /ikeis followedby a noun or a noun phrase: Fle lool<s liice a dentistor a doctor or something. He lool<s lil<e the l<ind of personwho'll help HelShe/ooksos if helsheis followed by a verb clause: He lool<s as if he'sabout to cry" Shelool<s as if she'sbeen running. Note that in everydayspoken English, os if is often substitutedby like: Shelooks as ifllil<e she'sbeenworking all day. you feel lf someoneseems it is something a bit depressed, through knowingthem,not iust seeing them. Daveseemsa bit down at the msment"ls he OK?

o*'bu *;th G1 r i n:;t?Tldins "'*rri"v

Notice that when no auxiliary verb is presentin the initialstatement, we respondusingthe dummyauxiliary do.lt is alsovery common to add a follow-upquestion or comment.For examole: r\r I went off to Margatefor the weel<end" B: Oh, did youi That rnust've been nice. "&: Yes,it was lovely. pretty good Russian. ,s; I speal< ts: Oh, do youlWhere did you learnthat theni Russian and Polish. A; At university. I did French, Be careful not to confusehod as a past tense verb with the auxiliary verb hoye. For example: Ar We had (mainverb) a great mealover atjims. B: Oh,didyoulWhat did he coolsi A.; I've (auxiliaryverb) got my new stereo at lastl B: Oh, haveyou?I'd betier come over tonight,then"

74) ffixpressions w;th rnodals (page

There is a fine line betweenwhat is grammarand what is vocabulary. The expressions here are probablybest treated as bits of vocabulary and just learnedas whole, fixed expressions. are very Thesekindsof expressions usefulin everyday English. Learning them will help you understand the meaninqs of the differentmodats.

162

Grammar comnier,ia.

However, here are a few thingsto bear in mind: l. A4ust is usedto makeguesses which the listenerfeels fairlysure are true, because of the evidence available. You rnustbe jol<ing! d tr00fcrrehatl You nrustbe A.inerican with an accentlilEe thar" 2. Similarly, must've is usedto makeguesses about the past,basedon the evidence available. It must\ye been nieegeffiing out of the city for a bit. You must'vebeen neally pieased to see her again" Could've is used to talk about thingsyou now feel were possible in the past,evenif they didn't actually naPPen. I could'verold you rhat! I could'vehelpedyou if you'c{ aslced.

usedto describe an actionwhich was alreadyin progress when it was in some way'interrupted': I was clrivil'lg through tawn when I gor stopped by this ppliceean I was just gettistgreaciytn leavewhen this br-iei< came flvingthreiughmy winelow! I met nryfirst wife while I vuas livingin Far-is. Notice that the clauses here are linl<ed usingwhenor while.lncertaincontexts, verbs do not get extendedin tirne - they just happen once.For example, it is correct to say: I was findingthe i*crure realiyinrer*sting unril he sta!'ted tall<ing abeut bio-physics! but not: *qcra**adln the diamond when we were cleaning the flat. You can only find a diamondonce!The difference rn grammaris because the meaning of fnd changes slightly in these different contexts. The pastsimpleis usedto tall< about thingsthe speat<er seesas complete, finished facts.Thesemight be things that only happened once: ! found the diamondon the flosr! i crashedstraighu through the newsagent's rsindow" I broke my leg playing iootball. Or they might be thingsthat happened over a long period of time but which the speaker wantsto tall< about by givingan overview of the facts. ! iivedin l*rlicanagua fcr six y*ars In the *igirties" I worlcecion a fa-rmfor a few years after I left sehs,el"

4. Should've ls usedto tall<about what we thinl< would

havebeena good ideain the past.lt can be usedto expressretret or retrospectiveadvice. You shoukl'vel<nownbetter. You shourld've tried to get rhe pric* down"

ffi't6 TeE[6ng e stffifly{pageTE}

Notice that when we give background details to our stories, we usually use the past continuous or usedto f verb. A few yearsago,when chisfriend of rnine was ccmi4g home frorn worl<,. . . I usedto fivein this flat in down*rownFJewYorl<" and one day I was tAlqing the suhwayLiprowrr ... N-astThulrsday I was ridinghome on nry bike ... When we introducethe problem in a story,it is very common to switchto Dresent tenses. This makesthis part of the story soundmore dramaticand immediate. When all of a sudden, this big,scary-looking guy runs uF t0 me and tries to pinch rny bag. Then suddenNy this girl appars frsrn nowhere,ann she'.q crfi11g and screaming, so I asi< her whatis up.

GB" smrnething / er anldthins E6} {page

Or something is addedto positivesentences and questionsto mean or something e/se/ikethat.Or anything is addedto negative sentences or negative questions. i thinl<he'sa lawyeror a ludgeor somerhing" Flaveyourgor a screwctrriven on somethingi ! didri'tevenl<iss her or anyrhing! Didn't he evenphoneyorr or anytliingi This featureof spokenEnglish is not slang or'bad English'. lt is one of the wayswe express'vagueness' when we do not know precisedetails.

paflttaipFes G T 7 Fr"esemt Ts} {page

It is very common to join two ideastogether by using clauses usingthe presentparticiple (-ingclauses). It is possible to add more than one clause, but we do not normallyadd more than three clauses at any one time: I was iust standing there,.g4a!g!ng for rny bus,rninding my own business. Shewas drivingal*ng quite normally, singing alongro this songon the radio, feelinpretry good,when all of a sudden . -.

Frcsemtpcrfeet simrpie affidBrestrrnt

The presentperfectsimpleis a bit lilce the pastsimplein that both tensesare usedto talk about thingsthat happened in the past.The difference is,however, that we usethe presentperfectsimpleif we seethese eventsas somehowconnected to the present; perhaps we see a presentresultof theseactions, as in the examples. Ch, you'vehad your hair cut! lt letolcs great,much better than ie did.

Fast slrnp$e and pasqe#mtis"ruieius

The pastcontinuous is only usedif the speaker wishesto emphasise that the actiondescribed was extendedover a period of time. As a result, the pastcontinuousis often

r63

Grammar commentary

I cant play basketball today.I've twisted my ankle. ls biacktea OK?We\e run out of mill<" We can also use the present perfect simpleto stressthat we havehad an experienceand can talk about it now if the listenerwants us to. and I'vedone plenty Well, I'veworked in pubsbe{one, of washing up in restaurants and things. myself! Oh, you piaythe piano!I'vejust started learning e.g.lost Note:When we use a finished time reference, Friday, in I 99 I , two weeksog4 when I wos ot high school, the presentperfectis never used. The present perfect continuousis used when we want to show that an action that started in the past is continuing now. I've beentrying t find a job for rnonthsnow! (And I still haven't found one.) My leg'sbeen feelingweird {or the last few daysnow. (And it's still feelingpainful.) is also usedwhen we The presentperfectcontinuous want to stressthat we see the Dastaction describedas havingbeen extended over a period of time, that we see Notice it as havinghappened againand againand again. that there is a presentresult. i've been waiting here for you fon hours - you eould at leastsayyou'resorry or something! very odd! Haveyou b,een drinkinglYourbreathsmeils With certain verbs,there's often only a very subtle difference betweenthe presentperfectsimpleand presentperfectcontinuous. l've been working here for about twenty years ilow. (But maybeI'm ready for a changenow I see my iob as only temporary.) !'ve worked here for twenty years now. (lt's just a fact about my life.I se my iob as permanent.) Notice that lots of verbs don't work well with the presentperfectcontinuous. I've alwaysliked this kind of foad./ I've alwaysbeen lil<ing this kind of food. X You either like something or you don't. You can't like it over ano over.

I wish you hadn'ttold me about it. I can'tstop thinking about it now. I wish I'd seenit while it was out. l'll haveto wait till it comes out on DVD now. I wish ld beena bit more honestabout things.Things might'veworked olrt hetween us if I had been. When we talk about thingswe feel bad about or disappointed about in the present,we use wish+ post simpleverb. I wish I could drive. I hate havingto rely sn my mum and dad to take me everywhere. I wish I was a bit slirnmer. I can'tget into my old summerclothesanyffiore. I wish i didn? haveto get up so early every day.I eould realNy do with a lie-int + wouldlwouldn'tto We also use wish+ youlhelshe annoying habits. complain about other people's I wish you wouldn't smol<e in here! (You do it a lot and you're doing it now and it's driving me mad!) I wish it'd stop raining! (lt rains a lot and it's rainingnow and I hate it!) Note : Don't get wishmixed up with hope.We usually use hopeto talk about thingswe would like to happen or that we dont want to happen- in the future. lt's also got differentword grammar.Usuallyit's followed by the presentsimple, evenif we're talkingabout the future. I hope it stops raininglater. I hope she comesto the gametomorrow" I hope the exam next weel<isn't too hard.

Reletives elaLlses{page1CIZ}
in a It is common to commenton the eventsdescribed sentenceby addingwhichwos + o desui|tive nounlodjective: It was freezing in Chile,whiqhwas a bit unexpected. I finallymanaged to asi< for a pay rise,whiehwas a real rveiehg_qffnny_shouldcrs. We can also add which meont + subject+ verb + object: It rainedthe whole time we were inThailand, which meaiil-J-didnlCe! nluch -hance to go I failedthree out of four o{ my tests that year,which meant I had tq re-take the whole vear'scourses.

\fifish {pasee7}
We usuallyuse wishto talk about thingswe regret doing - or not doing- in the pastor to talk about waysin When which we would lil<e the presentto be different. we are talking about thingswe regret about the past,we use wish + the post perfect.We often add a reason explaining why we feel like this. I feel dreadful I wish I hadnkeatenso much eanlier. now.

105) eoniunetisns(page
Although ln spoken English, is followed by a main clause olthough and usually introduces that reduces the strength a clause of the statementwhich comes before it.

164

Grammar commentary

I do like vegetables, aithoughI must admit that I'm really more of a meat person myself. It was lovely in Saudi, althoughthe heat did get a bit much sometimes. I reallylike my iob, although a little bit more money wouldnt go amiss! Considering Considering is often followed by a how-clause and adds the meaningwhich is strongewhen you think obout it: The food there was reallygreat,consideringhow cheapit wasl The party was pretty good, actually, considering there were only about twenty people there! In spite of /n spiteof is followedby a gerundor a noun clause and introduces an ideawhich has beenthoughtabout,but which doesnt affectthe statementthat comes before or after it. Shegot great gradesall through coilege,in spite of having to dealwith all kindsof familyproblems. Pete's Spanish accentis almostunintelligible, in spite of having livedin Madridfor three yearsl

The past perfect simple is generallyused to tall<about the backgroundto an event in the past or to explainwhy this event happened. It is usually usedwith other pasttenses, and allowsus to jump further backinto the pastfrom the main point in time that we're talking about. My ieg was killingme, because lU twisted it at the gym the day before" I had a dreadfulheadache, becauselU had a bit too much to drink the night before. I'd never done anythinglilcethat before so I was really nervousabout it. (Seealso G6.)

conditionals
We use secondconditionals to talk about waysin which we imaginethe present or future could be different. lf I had a bit more time, ld starr goingto rhe gym more often. lf I were you,I'd just tell her what happened and hope she understands! We use third conditionalsto talk about imaginarypastsways in which the past could havebeen different,if the situation had been different. lf I'd known, I would've tried to talk to hirn about it. (But I didnt know,so I didnt talk to him.) lf she hadn'tbeenthere,I might've died! (But she was there and she helpedme.) However,past eventsdont only havepast results; they also often havepresent results.lf we want to talk about the imaginarypresent resultsof a past event,we haveto use a mixed conditional. Often,this is halfof a third - to talk about the past- and halfa second conditional - to talk about the imaginary conditional present: lf she hadnt encouraged me, I wouldn't be a teacher now. lf my mum hadnt been hitch-hiking that day,she and my dad wouldn't be marriednow lf I hadn'tmovedto Brightonwhen I did, I'd probably still be working in that factory" lf it hadnt beenfor him, we'd still be livingunder militaryrule today. Did you noticethat in the secondconditional part of the sentence, we often usethe continuous form?We do this when we want to talk about an imaginaryaction that we think might alreadybe in progressif the first half of the sentence had actually beentrue. Mixedconditionals are very common in both spokenand written English. The best way to deal with them when you meet them in future is to try to understandwhen each half of the sentenceis referringto and to try and work out if it's talking about an imaginaryor a real (Seealso G7.) condition.

C o m pa ri n g
Notice that in everydayspoken English, it is now very common to hear pluralnounsand pluraluncountable nouns precededby there's insteadof thereore. Evenwelleducated, carefulspeakers will saythings like: It's a bit lilceCairo or somewhere,only there's a lot more cars on the road there. There'shundreds of sheepblocking the road down by the farm. Business is OK, but there'snot as manytourists coming this year as there were last year. Thereare is also correct in these situations.
. l

We often make guesses about things we think are true basedon the evidenceavailable to us,and use mustto show we are fairly sure,but not 100%certain that what we are sayingis true. It must be nice havinga bit more spacenow that you'vemoved house. It must'vebeen reallygreat in NewYork. Remember that the oppositeof mustfor guessing is not mustn't but con't: You can'tbe seriousl You cant earn much working in a burgerbar. It can't havebeen very well made if it only lastedthree weeks beforefalling to bits! (Seealso G 15.)

165

[ r r A m m A rC O m r n e n t A r y

Second conditisnals for nnaking ."ol ***i suggestions (page 122)

Notice that the iF sentence startershere are all second - the structurewe useto talk about things conditionals we see as beinghypothetical or imaginary at the time of speal<ing: It'd be great if the shops stayedopen a bit longer^, It'd be much better if there was agynp It'd be lovely if I didn't haveto set up so early! It is very common to find secondconditionals beginning with the sentence startersgivenhere,so try and rememberthe whole phrasein eachcase. I

A;

Do you want to come over later and eat sornething? B: Well, I was goin&ro suy in and rry and ger some worl<done,but i guessI could always do that tomorrow instead.

Oh, it's funnyyou shouidcalll I was goingto call you later,but you beat rne to it! One of the most common usesof this structureis when you phonesomeoneand they answer: Oh, I was just goingto ring you. Have you noticed that certain people alwayssaythis?

(pase G?91 The passive tzs)

It is not helpfulto think of the passive as being'the opposite' of the active.We alwaysuse the passive for a very specific reason. Eitherwe don't know who the doer of the actionwas: lYy brother was l<illed duringthe civilwar. My car was stolenfrclrnright outsidemy house! or the actionwas done by a largegroup of people: The stadiumwas built in the thirties" (obviously by worl<men) At leastthree versians of this songhavebeen recorded. (obviously by musicians and singers) Note that the activeecuivalents use of these sentences theyas a'dummy subject': They built this stadiumhacl< in the thirties. They'verecordedat leastthree versions of this song. We also use the passive when the doer of the actionis l<nown, but not relevant or importantat the moment of speaking: My ear'sbeingrepaired at the moment. Three of my teeth were lcnocl(ed out last year when I was playingrugby. This model was developed in our Seoulteam. Passives are more common in formal,written English. I

ffisr StartlnE with wfiat {page tBa}

When we want to emphasise what we are goingto say by adding whotat the beginning of a sentence, the grammar of the statementchanges.We often use do as a dummyauxiliary and we also add the verb is/wos. I reallyneedto tal<e a holidaysoon. \I/hat I reallyneedto do is take a holidaysoon. I was thinl<ing of goingto Chinanext year, if I can afford it. What I was thinl<ing of doing next year is goingto China,if I ean afford it. There are lots of quite common sentencestarters that usethis structure.Try to learnthem and use them as whole phrases. V/hat I found reallyinteresting about it was . " . What reallyannoysme about him is rhe way " . . What worries me most about the idea is . . . What I still don't understand is why . . "

GS3Fr,rturc continuous{page 143}

This structureis often usedto tall< about an event in the future that we see as alreadyarrangedbut which now, because of what hascome up in the conversation, we also see as the baclground to another newer event, described in the so-clause: A; We've run out of nrilk. B: Oh well,lool<, l'll be goingshopping later (l've already decidedthis),so l'll get some,if you want. (new decision/offer) ,4,: I really love proper pesto sauce. B: Oh, do youl Well, lool<, i'll be goingbackto ltaly for a weelcin March(l've already decidedthis),so l'll bringyou bacl< some of my mum'sspecial! (new decision/offer)

Eoi'ls _ryqryqllrygfe
This structureis often thought of as the'future in the past'and is commonlyusedto report our pastthoughts or words,particularly when they provedto be inaccurate rn some way: I theught it was gqingto rain,so i broughtrhe washing in - just in case. TheyU told me lwas gBrng_lq._be_lransfe_n:ed to lvlexico, but nothing ever came of it. However,it doesnt alwayshaveto havea past time reference. lt can be usedto tall<about thingsin the future that we've alreadydecidedto do, but now suddenly decidewe might not do after all.

166

This sectionhelpsyou to record and translate some of the most importantexpressions from eachunit.lt is always best to record words in phrases, rather than individual words. Sometimes you can translate very easily. Sometimes you will needto thinl< of the equivalent expression in your own language. In eachsection, there is space for you to add any connected expressions or collocations you want to remember. .ll*.*, .i "J;." * "
He'sgot a reallygood sense of humour. Hel quite conservative. He'sa bit of a worl<aholic. Shesa bit on the plumpside. Het quiteelderly now Shecanbe a bit too nicesomeumes. He looks reallyinteresting. Hei a roral painin the neck. She's extremelyambitious. He runshis own business. Sheworl<sin advertising. He'sunemployed at the moment. My brother works in lI Shet a retired doctor. I do a bir of temping worl<somecimes.

L J J " ;: d
He'sinfamous. It cost me an arm anda leg. We just dont see eyeto eye. l'm up to my eyesin work. It's on its last legs. not as often as lU liketo not as muchas I usedto It's better than my lastone. It wasn'tas good as I remembered. Cheer up! lt's not the end of the world. Haven't you heard? It's done a lot of damage. Oh, I am sorry to hearthat I'm afraidnot. smashed to pieces.

167

Expression organiser

, '#m$-* ffi
I work out a lot. I reallylovegoinground junk shops. A coupleof times a year. How long did it take you to learn? How much does it usually cost you? The thingis,... pop and R'n'Band that kind of thrng It's not reallymy cup of tea. I'm not reallythat keenon clubbing. What do you feel like doingtonight? She'sreally into keepingfit. I usedto, but I grew out of it. I just lost interestin it after a while. Oh well,eachto their own. Itl just one of those things.

d5 Ur,*'t
I spendmy weekends mountaineering. Shespends a lot of time helping the homeless. ls everything all rightl I go ridingwheneverI can. He committedsuicide. There'sstill a lot of discrimination. It's male-dominated. You'retakinga real risk. Therers a lot of opposition to the plan. I would if I could,but I cant. I'd quite like to go to the cinema tonight. lf youd rather,wecould always ... I can giveyou a lift, if you want. I wouldnt do that,if you paid me! That'd be great.

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Why did you decideto do that,then? How come you decided to go there,then? It was a realweightoff my shoulders. It was total chaos. I d beenthinkingabout it for ages. Why on earth did he saythat? It's a piece of cake. Itl like gettingblood out of a stone. It's easiersaidthan done. I work as a bouncerat weekends. job. It'sa very demanding It was a mutualdecision. It was a very unpopular decision. A friend of mine recommended it. Good for you!

iS fu$r*$r*
It's not allowed. He wasfined a thousand dollars. He cant handle the pressure. I'm expecting a phonecall. I didnt want to makea fuss. It looksfine to me. Can you watch my bagfor a minute? I cant see it anywhere. It was great,much better than I'd expected. Quiet?lt's dead! That'sa good question. I haventreallythoughtabout it. I'd haveto think aboutthat. He'sfinallygivenup smoking. I fed up with doingthe samething everyday.

16ei

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What're you up to this weekendl I will if I get the chance. l've got to do somethingsfor school. It'll be niceto havea lie-in. I'vegot to catchup with my e-mails. l'll do it later,I promise. Tell me about it! I'm supposed to be goingout tonight, but I dont reallyfeel like it. I'vegot somefriendscomingover tonight. He'sstaying at a friend's. I'm goingawayfor the weekend. I'm goingon a guidedwalk. Ratheryou than me! Oh well,beggars cant be choosers!

*rri',t*
We're having a house-warming party this Friday. I went to a rave last weekeno. Theytried to gatecrash our party. l'll sort out the musicif you sort out the food. Did you havea hen night? It reallyruinedthe night. It led to callsfor tighter laws. I just couldnt believe my eyes. I just couldnt makeup my mind. It nearlyendedin tragedy. They'revery right-wing. They cameto power in the last election. They oughtto ban it. They reallyneedto crack down on it. They'verelaxedthe laws a bit.

Expression organiser

*s,i'i k
I just had an earlynight. I didnt know a singlepersonthere. We had absolutely nothingin common. I was on the edgeof my seat. I fell asleep halfway through. Shegetsvery well-paid. l'll haveto havea word with my boss. I bet he doesnt. Oh, did you? That must've beennice. Oh, are you?Anywhereparticularin mind? I was so angry, I could'vekilled him! I was so bored,I walkedout! You did whct last nightl You went wherelast night? I didnt get in until three last night.

'i *rr,:': *
He lookslike'abit of a nero. Shelooksa bit dull. You lool<a bit down.Are you OK? He! a machoidiot! I bet he still liveswith his mum. Shecan be quite unpredictable. Thatl the worst chat-upline ever. My parentsdont reallyapproveof her. How long've you two beengoingoutl Are you pullingmy leg? It tool<me ages to come to terms with it. Their marriage is on the rocl<s. I tend to eat out most nights. I could've told you that. You should've known beccer.

171

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'&$s*$"* $.$
Did I ever tell you aboutthe time | . . I wasjust minding my own business,. .. when all of a sudden Well,what happened in the end was . . . It seems funnynow,but it wasnt at the time. Sorry.I didn't recognise you. I think it's dyed. He seemslike a reallynice bloke. It's anotherone of his tall stones. He smokeslike a chimney. He was drivinglike a lunatic. I was so tired, I slept like a log. I'm dyingfor a coffee. I'm sickto deathof it. SheSetsawaywith murder.

#g*$l*-*k
What was I thinkingofl They must havemoneyto burn. My dad groundedme for a week. We stopped off to get somethingto eat. We broke down on the way there. We took a wrong turn. I bumpedinto an old friend of mine. What a horriblejourney! I went travelling round Indiafor a year. I like to travel light. Shelooks aboutthirty-ish. It'sjust an urbanmyth. She's got reddish-brown hair. He was sort of smiling at me. a hammeror something like that.

Expression organiser

'#g*$K $S
Hello.Longtime,no See! I haventseenyou for ages. You haventchanged a bit. What'veyou beenup to sinceI last sawyou. He just doesnt get the message. It was a very controversial film. l've completely forgottenyour name. I'vejust had an idea. Get to the ooint! I just dont seethe point. It was the high point of our trip. I wish youd told me earlier. I wish I hadnt saidthat. They hate each other's guts. We just hit it off at once.

-$& ffis*${*
I went and sawthis great exhibition. I prefersculpture to paintings. It's OK if you'reinto that kind of thing. It's not worth the entrancefee. It's a bit too abstract for me. I prefer his portraitsto his landscapes. Would you recommend itl It causes a lot of problems. I went to the opera,which was nice. I've beenmeaning to seethat for ages. Oh. that remindsme. ld liketo do that myself. It'swell worth a visit. I think it's reallyoffensive. I
I

It caused outragein the media.

I I

173

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'i *s;i'rl *
What did you think of it?Was it anygood? It was horrendous! It was a bit disappointing, to be honest. It was nothingspecial. Didn't you find it a bit over the topl I foundit a bit bland. It was reallygood,considering how cheapit was. He'snot exactlyEinstein, is hel Dont you think it's a bit over-rated? I was just deadtired. It's a bit like skiing, only not as difficult. It was a bit like his other book,only better. That must'vebeendreadful. You must'vebeenreallyannoyed. You must be exhausted.

*r:i'i I {.,
It'sa cult movie. It's a typicalHollywoodblockbuster. some ltalianguy I cant rememberoff the top of my head. It's on the tip of my tongue. It'll cometo me in a minute. It'sgot subtitles. They dubbedit into French. The dialogue was brilliant. Whos in it? The special effects were amazing! ld neverbeenthere before. It was the first time lU seenthat kind of thing. It's meantto be incredible. I wouldn't have, if it hadnt beenfor you.

l
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Itd be reallygood if they . . . What would be really greatis if they ... I dont reallyhaveany strongviewson that. That'sa difficultauestion to answer. Well, I agreeup to a point,but It's hardlysurprising, is itl They'vepedestrianised the town centre. There'sa one-waysystem. I hadto do a U-turn. The traffic is a nightmare. Personally, I thinl<it's ridiculous. It's reallygoneto the dogs. He'sthe blacksheepof the family. It's a very industrial place. i
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The shantytowns are awful!

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I dont l<nowhow you put up with it. They completely messed it up. I wish you'd stop goingon about it! It'sa reallyawfulhairdo. and then to top the whole thing off Thatt the lastthing I need! It'sgood to get thingsoff your chest. Thingslikethat don't reallybother me. Oh well,dont let it get you down. It reallybugsme. Its a Catch22 situation. Its just the tip of rhe iceberg.
i

Its a bit of a mixedblessing.

I

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I cant be bothered. It's no bother at all.Honestly.

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-$ &Jr*Ftr #
You'resucha pessimist! That'sa bit optimistic, isnt it? on the sour of the moment We're doingour flat up at the moment. He got reallybadlybeatenup. Itl badto bottle up your feelings. What ld really liketo do next yearrs... What I was thinkingof doingis. l'm happydoingwhat I'm doing. I just take thingsas they come. I cant reallysayyet. lt all depends. goingabroadone day. I can see myself got reallyhighexpectations. They've l'm reallydreading it. I wish I didnt haveto. but I do.

'fu$s*$.x s*'#
I'd hateto be stuck behinda deskall day. I get a company car. I got six months'maternityleave. I haven't had a proper contractyet. At leastyou know your job is secure. Do you belongto a trade union? They'vemadea reallygood job of it. Itt beenreallyhard work. I've beenrushedoff my feet all week. It's slave-labour! He's awful,a real slave-driver. very domineering. She's guy I've ever met. He's not the most intelligent She's a reallygood personto work for. He'salways on the phoneto his girlfriend..

174 fl6

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