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    matlab

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    25 views11 pages

    L17 - Matlab Uses For Image

    Uploaded by

    Payel Pal
    matlab

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 11

    Introduction to Matlab

    Introduction to Matlab
    1. Vectors, matrices, and arithmetic 2. Plotting 3. Flow Constructs 4. Other Useful Things

    Why use Matlab?


    Advantages: Handles vector and matrices very nicely Quick plotting and analysis EXTENSIVE documentation (type help) Lots of nice functions: FFT, fuzzy logic, neural nets, numerical integration, OpenGL (!?) Drawbacks: Slow compared to C or Java

    Vectors and Matrices


    Can be run from command line or from *.m file scalar: x=3 vector: x = [1 0 0] 2D matrix: x = [1 0 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1] arbitrarily higher dimensions possible Can also use matrices / vectors as elements:
    x = [1 2 3] y = [ x 4 5 6]

    Some Standard matrices


    ones(3,3) 3x3 of all ones zeros(3,3) 3x3 of all zeros eye(3,3) 3x3 identity rand(3) 3x3 random elements linspace(1,10,100)
    linear spacing from 1 to 10, with 100 spacings (also logspace)

    x = 1:10
    linear spacing from 1 to 10, counting by 1

    Accessing elements
    MATLAB IS NOT ZERO INDEXED! x retrieves entire matrix x x(1,2) retrieves element at row 1, col 2 x(1, 5:10) retrieves row 1, columns 5 to 10 x(1,:) retrieves row 1, all columns Useful functions: length(x) length of vector x (cols) size(x) rows, cols of x

    Matrix Operations
    For matrix operations
    Dimensions must agree

    Scalar operations
    Same as usual

    Scalar / matrix mixed


    Scalar + matrix = [scalar + matrix(x, y)] Scalar * matrix = [scalar * matrix(x, y)]

    More Matrix Operations


    The . operator
    element by element access

    Example:
    x = [1 2 3]; y = [4; 5; 6]; x * y = 32 x .* y = [4 10 18]

    For some functions :


    x ^ 2 ERROR! x . ^2 fine

    More Matrix Operations


    x=1:12 reshape(x, 3,4) a=2*ones(3,4) X.*a b=[1:3;1:3;1:3;1:3] X.*b y=reshape(x, 4,3) y.^b

    Plotting
    2D graphing
    plot(x,y)

    Example:
    x = linspace(-10,10,100) y = x .^2 plot(x,y)

    Also:
    z = x .^3 plot(x,z)

    Plotting Example
    basis = [ [1 0]; [0 0]; [0 1]; ]' ; square = [ [ 1 1] [-1 1]; [-1 -1]; [ 1 -1]; [ 1 1];
    ]' ;

    axis equal; plot( sqrt(3), sqrt(3), ' w.' ); plot( -sqrt(3), -sqrt(3), ' w.' ); plot( basis(1,:), basis(2,:), ' k' ); plot( square(1,:), square(2,:), ' b' );pause obj = S*square; plot( obj(1,:), obj(2,:), ' r' );pause

    basis = [ [1 0]; [0 0]; [0 1]; [1 0]; ]' ; square = [ [ 1 1]; [-1 1]; [-1 -1]; [ 1 -1]; [ 1 1];

    Plotting Example

    More Plotting
    Graphics Window
    To open a new graph, type figure

    Multiple data sets:


    Type hold on to add new plot to current graph Type hold off to resume default mode

    Make your graph beautiful:


    title(apples over oranges) xtitle(apples) ytitle(oranges)

    3D Plotting
    3D plots plot an outer product x = 1:10 y = 1:10 z = x * y mesh(x,y,z) Single quote means transpose

    Flow Control
    IF block if (<condition>) <body> elseif <body> end WHILE block while (<condition>) <body> end

    Conditions same as C, ( ==, >=, <=) except != is ~=

    More Flow Control


    FOR block for i = 1:10 <body> end SWITCH statement switch <expression> case <condition>, <statement> otherwise <condition>, <statement> end

    Other Language Features


    Matlab language is pretty sophisticated
    Functions
    Stored in a *.m file of the same name: function <return variable> = <function name>(<args>) <function body>

    Structs
    point.x = 2; point.y = 3; point.z = 4;

    Useful Commands
    Single quote is transpose % same as // comment in C, Java No /* block comments */ ; suppresses printing More:
    max(x) mean(x) abs(x) cross(x,y) min(x) median(x) dot(x,y) flops (flops in this session)

    Useful Constants
    Inf NaN eps ans pi i and j infinity Not a number (div by zero) machine epsilon (precision) most recent unassigned answer 3.14159. Matlab supports imaginary numbers!

    Programming
    Wrong:
    for x = 1:10 for y = 1:10 foo(x,y) = 2 * bar(x,y) end end

    Right:
    foo = 2 * bar;

    Matlab is optimized for vectorization

    10

    Symbolic Maths
    Symbolic mathematics can be done using Matalb:
    a = sqrt(sym(2)) a= 2^(1/2) th=sym(' th' ); rt=sym([cos(th) sin(th) 0;-sin(th) cos(th) 0;0 0 1]); rt = [ cos(th), sin(th), 0] [ -sin(th), cos(th), 0] [ 0, 0, 1]

    Good luck

    11

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