Grammar Review ANSWERS Conditional Structures

A. Based on the following news reports, fill in the blanks. In Brazil, people poured into the streets to tell their democratically elected president that policy priorities should be transportation, solving inequities, and better education not flashy international games.
(Momani, B. (2013). Democracys Losing the Street Fight. Middle East Voices. Retrieved from: http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com)

After meeting protest leaders, city mayors and state governors, Dilma Rousseff, the president, offered a national pact. Its five points were: a constituent assembly to consider political reform; making corruption a felony (today it is a misdemeanor); a promise to invest 50 billion reais ($23 billion) in city transport; more spending on health and education and a reiteration of the importance of fiscal responsibility. 1. In (general, if the citizens of a Economist.com. country ___get involved , (to get involved), the government is The Cries Are Answered (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.economist.com/news/americas/). more pressured to solve peoples problems. 2. If the Brazilian society ___had not protested (to protest) in June of 2013, President Dilma Rousseff would not have taken steps to solve peoples requests. 3. What 5 specific measures ____would not have been taken (to be taken - neg) by President Dilma Rousseff if Brazilians had not poured into the streets? B. Read the following information from the University of San Diegos home page: San Diego State University offers many opportunities for strengthening your ethical and civic responsibility. In general, to be ethical means to act in a principled and honorable way. To have a sense of civic responsibility is to be an active citizen, to be knowledgeable about public affairs, to vote in elections and to be involved in your community. Link to: Opportunities for strengthening ethical and civic responsibility: Find opportunities for growing your ethical core and engaging with civic responsibility, including becoming an SDSU Ambassador, getting involved in student government and organizations, becoming a Peer Health Educator, and more. 1. State a University probable consequence of strengthening peoples ethical andfrom: civil From: ofpositive San Diego California. Division of Students Affairs Home page. Retrieved https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/student_affairs/ethical.aspx responsibilities. If peoples ethical and civil responsibilities are strengthened, government leaders would be more efficient/ community life would work better 2. State a negative consequence of having unengaged citizens in a democratic system. Ifcitizens in a democratic system are not engaged, their democratic system runs the risk of failing C. Paraphrase the following text and answer the questions with complete conditional structures.

In addition to risks that we can envision, Genetic Engineering may pose risks that we simply do not know enough to identify. This possibility does not in itself justify trying to suppress the technology, but it does put a substantial burden on its advocates to demonstrate benefits.(Union of Concerned Scientists (2013). Retrieved from:
http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/genetic-engineering/risks-of-geneticengineering.html)

_________Besides the Genetic Engineering risks that we may think of, there may be other dangers that we just are not able to imagine. Although that is not a reason to hold back technological advances in this field, the people who defend Genetic Engineering have to be aware and handle the possible risks.____________________________________________ 1. What might happen if genetic engineers experiment with genes without any authority control? If researchers work on genetic experiments without control, humanity would run the risk of interfering with human evolution.

2. What would have happened if a scientist obsessed with overpopulation had created a virus in 1980 that could randomly activate DNA modifications to cause sterility in humans? If a scientist obsessed with overpopulation had created a virus in 1995 that could randomly activate DNA modifications to cause sterility in humans, many students in this class may not have been born. - the world population would have drastically decreased. - the world population would be fewer today. - many of us/you would not be here right now (because would no have been born at all). Ojo: This idea comes from the plot of Dan Browns latest book: Inferno. 3. What would you do if you had the power to intervene in your countrys legislation on biological research? If I had the power to intervene in my countrys legislation on biological research, I would look for the opinion of scientists, religious institutions and civil society before approving any law. 4. What harmful effects might turn out to be associated with the use of genetically engineered organisms if research were not supervised by accredited institutions? If research were not supervised by accredited institutions, scientists might create mutations and new species which could unbalance nature.

D. Fill in the blanks. Examine different possible correct answers. 1. If it rains, the trip to Caruao __is / will be___ (be) cancelled. 2. If I had a lot of money, I ___would travel ______ (travel) three times a year. 3. If Real Madrid wins the next game, they __advance / will advance____ (advance) to the final. 5. If I were you, I __wouldnt tell (tell not) her a lie. 4. If I ___married___ (marry) someone from another country, my parents would be very upset. 6. If I'm not home by midnight tonight, my mom ___kills / will kill_____ (kill) me. 7. If people __ate______ (eat) only organic food, there would not be as much cancer. 8. If he had any interesting things to say, I ____would follow_______ (follow) him on Twitter. 9. People would not buy genetically engineered food, if they really __knew_____ (know) its risks. 10. If Betty did not eat that many carbohydrates in the evening, she _would be____(be) thinner. 11. If I could take another course , I __would register___ (register) in Strategic Marketing. 12. She would waste less time if Facebook and Instagram ____did not exist____ (exist) at all.

13. He could graduate sooner if he ___doesnt fool around / didnt fool around_______(fool around) that much.

E. Fill in the blanks. You can check answers interactively and do more similar exercises in:
http://eslwritingpractice.blogspot.com/2010/11/past-unreal-conditional-filling-blanks.html

1.I didnt buy new shoes because I didnt need them. If I ___had needed new shoes, I would have bought them. 2. I didnt go to the park yesterday because I was busy. If I hadnt been busy, I ____would have gone ____ to the park. 3. I didnt drink coffee this morning because I was late to work. If I ____hadnt been___ late to work, I would have drunk coffee this morning. 4. I didnt drive to work because my brother borrowed my car. I ___would have driven____ to work if my brother hadnt borrowed my car. 5. We didnt rent the movie because we saw it last week If we __hadnt seen__________ the movie last week, we would have rented it. 6. The traffic was slow because there was an accident. If there hadnt been an accident, the traffic _____wouldnt have been____ slow. 7. The restaurant didnt make money because people didnt like it. The restaurant would have made money if _people had liked_________ it. 8. I didnt marry Susan because she loved someone else. I would have married Susan if she __hadnt loved_________ someone else. 9. Tom didnt play soccer last Saturday because his mother was sick. If Toms mother hadnt been sick, ____he would have played_______ soccer last Saturday. 10. Ray didnt buy the computer because it wasnt cheap enough. Ray would have bought the computer if it ___had been _____ cheaper.