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I- Structural design assumptions:

I.1- Technical reference codes [1] Structural use of concrete -Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction, BS 8110-1; [2] Structural use of concrete -Part 2: Code of practice for specials circumstances, BS 8110-2; [3] Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids, BS 8007; [4] Loading for buildings: Code of practice for design dead and imposed load, BS 6399-1; [5] Loading for buildings: Code of practice for Wind loads, BS 6399-2; [6] Schedule of Weights of building materials, BS 648; [7] 1997 Uniform building code Volume 2; [8] Code of practice for Earth retaining structures, BS 8002; [9] Code of practice for Foundations, BS 8004. I.2- Concrete: I.2.1- Concrete Grade C35: For Non Building Structures - Concrete Grade C35 with sulphate resistant cement ; - Characteristic cube strength at 28 days: fcu28 = 35 N/mm ; - Short term modulus of elasticity of concrete : Ecs = K0 + fcu28 [2] For K0= 22580 N/mm , Ec = 29580 N/mm ; I.2.2- Concrete Grade C30: For Building Structures - Concrete Grade C30 with sulphate resistant cement ; - Characteristic cube strength at 28 days: fcu28 = 30 N/mm ; - Short-term modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ecs = K0 + fcu28 [2] For K0= 22580 N/mm , Ec = 28580 N/mm ; I.3- Reinforcement: E cs Long- term modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ecl = 1 + , : creep coefficient [2]

E cs 1 Long- term modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ecl = + , : creep coefficient [2]

Specified yield strength of reinforcement : Modulus of elasticity :

fy = 350 N/mm ; E = 210000 N/mm ; ; 5 N/mm )in N/mm [1]

I.4- Reinforced concrete: - Stress ultimate shearing of the concrete b = Min (0,8 I.5- Cover to reinforcement (mm): [1] Foundation and Tie Beams Ground Beams Walls External Beams Internal Beams Slabs Retaining aqueous liquid structures

f cu

Building Structures 50 40 35 30 25 25 ---

Non Building Structures 50 40 40 40 40 40 50

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I.6- Soil and filling materials: Density of fill : Surcharge load applied to the surface of the retained soil Density of water : Coefficient of earth pressure at rest : f = 20 KN/m3 ; qs = 10 kN/m; w = 10 KN/m3 ; K0 = 0,5

I.6- Loading: I.6.1- Dead Load: shall be calculated on the basis of unit weights, which shall be established taking into consideration the materials specified for construction. [6] I.6.2- Imposed Load: shall not be less than the requirements of BS6399-1. I.6.3- Wind Forces: Wf = 1,5 KN/m I.6.4- Earthquake Forces: The seismic force coefficient: Z = 0,05 The seismic design will be carried out according to U.B.C 1997 [7] I.6.5- Shrinkage coefficient: c = 0,0003 I.7- Serviceability: I.7.1- Deflection: The final deflection (including the effect of shrinkage, creep and temperature) should not in general exceed span/250; otherwise it will generally be satisfactory to use the span/effective depth ratios [1]. I.7.2- Cracking: - Normal internal or external conditions of exposure: For normal internal or external conditions of exposure, the shape and dimensions of all members and detailing of reinforcement are to be designed so as to reduce the probability of appearance of cracks wider than 0,3 mm. - Retaining aqueous liquid structures: For severe or very severe exposure, crack widths are limited to 0,2 mm. In this case the allowable steel stresses, in direct or flexural tension for serviceability limits states, is limited to : 130 N/mm(deformed bars). 115 N/mm(plain bars).