00 NO.

2008-06-30 DATE

SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL REVISION

EVE PRD

EVE CHK

ACE ENG

DSU MGT

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PROJECT CONTRACTOR SUBCONTRACTOR TITLE:

TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT

ORIGINATED EVE PREPARED EVE

DATE CHECKED EVE

2008-06-30 DATE

2008-06-30

ENG. APPROVED ACE

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REDESIGN OF FOUNDATION PILES

DATE

2008-06-30 DATE

2008-06-30 SCALE N.A. DOC. No: DATE 2008-06-30

MGT. APPROVED/SUBMITTED DSU

DATE

2008-06-30

5-T310-S-CAL-0001-A

TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REDESIGN OF FOUNDATION PILES 1.0 Introduction

Designed by: OEA/Edmundo Velos/30June08

The calculations presented herein, done in spreadsheet, are mainly similar to ADPI detailed design T310-S-CN-104-B except for two items. First, the characteristic strength fy of the steel is reduced from 2 460 N/mm2 to 400 N/mm to adapt to locally manufactured steel. Second, the vertical reinforcement is designed using British Standards (BS 8110:1997) rather than by the computer program FDEV used by ADPI which is not available.

16 external piles

20.00

8 internal piles

2.0 Bearing Resistance of Soil Internal External Piles Piles 1.20 1.20 m 31.00 26.00 m 10.00 10.00 m 21.00 16.00 m 3393 12516 15909 10041 8344 3393 10254 13647 8533 6836 kN kN kN kN kN

Diameter of pile, D Length of pile, L Length of pile in soil layer B, Lb Length of pile in soil layer C, Lc
2 Tip resistance of pile, Qp = 1.2( D /4)2500 kPa Skin friction resistance of pile, Qs = D(Lb*80 kPa + Lc*120 kPa) Limit load of pile, Ql = Qp + Qs Creep load of pile in compression, Qc = Qp/2 + Qs/1.5 Creep load of pile in tension, Qct = Qs/1.5

As the load carrying capacity of a group of piles is reasonably less than the sum of the individual pile capacities, a group efficiency factor Eg = 0.8 will be applied to reduce the single pile capacity. For SLS load combinations: Bearing capacity of pile in compression, Qmax = Eg*Qc/1.1 Maximum compression force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmax > Q Bearing capacity of pile in tension (including wind), Qmin = Eg*Qct/1.4 Maximum tension force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmin > Q For ULS load combinations including wind: Bearing capacity of pile in compression, Qmax = Eg*Ql/1.4 Maximum compression force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmax > Q Bearing capacity of pile in tension, Qmin = Eg*Qs/1.4

10.30 7302 4935 ok 4768 0 ok

9.50

6206 2125 ok 3906 0 ok

kN kN kN kN

9091 6166 ok 7152

7798 2718 ok 5860

kN kN kN

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TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REDESIGN OF FOUNDATION PILES Maximum tension force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmin > Q For accidental ULS load combinations including earthquake: Bearing capacity of pile in compression, Qmax = Eg*Ql/1.2 Maximum compression force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmax > Q Bearing capacity of pile in tension, Qmin = Eg*Qs/1.3 Maximum tension force in the pile, Q Capacity check: Qmin > Q

Designed by: OEA/Edmundo Velos/30June08 0 ok 0 ok kN

10606 10562 ok 7702 2181 ok

9098 7541 ok 6310 2515 ok

kN kN kN kN

3.0 Axial Force and Bending Moment Resistance of Pile The pile is designed for maximum axial compression and shear (which produces bending moment) from accidental ULS combination. The combination of axial tension and bending moment is never critical and need not be checked. Maximum axial compression from design ultimate loads, N Maximum shear at top of pile from design ultimate loads, V Larger initial end (top) moment from design ultimate loads, M2 = 1.70V Smaller initial end (bottom) moment from design ultimate loads, M1 10562 460 782 0 7541 490 833 0 kN kN kNm kNm

1200 - Internal Piles 1200 - External Piles (h)

The pile is designed like a column in accordance with BS 8110-1:1997. Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu Characteristic strength of steel, fy Concrete cover to steel (severe exposure), c 30 400 75 30 400 75 N/mm 2 N/mm mm
2

For the purpose of establishing whether the pile is short or slender, the pile is classified as unbraced (since the design loads include the effects of lateral loads). However, Table 3.20 for unbraced piles does not provide for the effective length factor appropriate for the bottom end condition of the pile. Besides, classifying the pile as unbraced adds a larger moment from deflection, ignoring the beneficial effect of the soil surrounding the pile. Clause 7.3.3.3 of BS 8004:1986 (British Standard Code of Practice for Foundations) states that a fully embedded pile has little likelihood of buckling in the ground that it is not necessary to design it according to the rules given for columns in BS 8110. It is therefore decided to classify the pile as braced. The top of the pile is connected to a foundation structure (pilecap) which is designed to carry moment (end condition 1). The bottom of the pile while not connected to any member is surrounded by soil that may provide some nominal restraint to rotation (end condition 3). Effective length factor (Table 3.19), 0.90 0.90

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(d) 1095 - Internal Piles 1095 - External Piles

TRIPOLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER REDESIGN OF FOUNDATION PILES

Designed by: OEA/Edmundo Velos/30June08 31.00 27.90 23.25 0.27 1.00 324 3426 469 20 3895 26.00 23.40 19.50 0.19 1.00 228 1720 500 20 2553 m m > 15

Clear distance between pile restraint, Lo Effective pile length, Le = Lo Le/h Since Le/h > 15, pile is slender. 2 Deflection coefficient, a = (Le/h) /2000 Deflection reduction factor, K Deflection of slender pile, au = a*K*h Additional moment induced by deflection, Madd = au*N Initial moment at point of additional moment, Mi = 0.4M1 + 0.6M2 > 0.4M2 Minimum eccentricity for axial load N, emin = 0.05h < 20 Design moment, M = maximum {M2, (Mi + Madd), (M1 + Madd/2), emin*N}

mm kNm kNm mm kNm

The vertical reinforcement is calculated using design chart for circular column (Data Sheet 56) from the book Examples of the Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings to BS 8110 by Reynolds & Steedman. Note that while the chart is derived for d/h = 0.90, not 0.91, and for steel with fy = 460 N/mm2, not 400 N/mm2, the difference in the result is negligible. d/h 2 N/h fcu 3 M/h fcu 1/fcu 1 2 Total steel area required, Asc = 1(h /4) Vertical bar size, 1 Provide 0.91 0.91 0.24 0.17 0.08 0.05 0.00054 0.0002 0.0162 0.0060 18322 6786 mm 2 32 32 mm 23T32 9T32

4.0 Shear Resistance of Pile Shear check: Shear force, V Efffective depth of pile, d = D - c - 2 - 1/2 Shear stress, v = 1.4V/Dd Concrete shear stress, vc = 0.8fcu1/2 Shear check: v < vc Transverse reinforcement: At the top, over a length of 2.5 times the pile diameter, Agv/sv = 0.008D 2/4d 2 At the bottom, for the remaining length of the pile, Agv/sv = 0.006D /4d Minimum area to spacing ratio, Agv/sv = Dv/(0.87/1.05)fy Area to spacing ratio check: At the top: Transverse bar size, 2 Bar spacing, sv Agv/sv provided At the bottom: Transverse bar size, 3 Bar spacing, sv Agv/sv provided

460 1095 0.49 4.38 ok

490 1095 0.52 4.38 ok

kN mm 2 N/mm N/mm 2

2.63 1.97 1.77 ok 2T14 100 3.08 2T12 100 2.26

2.63 1.97 1.89 ok 2T14 100 3.08 2T12 100 2.26

mm 2/mm 2 mm /mm 2 mm /mm

mm mm 2 mm /mm mm mm 2 mm /mm

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