Courses 2

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: 7th
COURSE TITLE: Engineering Geology
COURSE CODE: GEOL 410
CREDIT HOURS: 3
WEEK NO. COURSE TITLE TO BE TAUGHT
1. Mass Movement
2. Mass Movement
3. Soil Mechanics – Physical properties
6. Soil Mechanics – Engineering properties
9. MID TERM EXAMINATION
10. Rock Mechanics – Physical properties
11. Rock Mechanics – Physical properties
12. Rock Mechanics – Engineering properties
13. Tunneling – Nomenclature & supports
14. Tunneling – Geological studies for tunnel route
15. Dam – Nomenclature & types
16. Dam – Geological studies for dam construction
17. Construction Material
18. FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics
SEMESTER: 5th
COURSE TITLE: Geology of Pakistan
CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Physio-geographic divisions of Pakistan
2. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Paleozoic era)
3. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Mesozoic era)
4. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Cenozoic era)
5. Stratigraphy of Sulaiman basin (Mesozoic era)
6. Stratigraphy of Sulaiman basin (Cenozoic era)
7. Stratigraphy of Kirthar basin (Mesozoic era)
8. Stratigraphy of Kirthar basin (Cenozoic era)
10. Stratigraphy of Baluchistan basin (Chagai Region)
11. Stratigraphy of Baluchistan basin (Makran Region)
12. Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis
13. Ophiolites of Pakistan
14. Kohistan Island Arc
16. Chagai Magmatic Arc
COURSE PACK
SEMESTER: 3rd
COURSE TITLE: Stratigraphy & Geology of Pakistan
CREDIT HOURS: 3
WEEK NO. COURSE SUBJECT / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

1. Origin of solar system
2. Physio-geographic divisions of Pakistan & Geological Time Scale
3. Geological historical event with respect to Paleozoic era
4. Geological historical event with respect to Mesozoic era
5. Geological historical event with respect to Cenozoic era
6. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Paleozoic era)
7. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Mesozoic era)
8. Stratigraphy of Kohat – Potwar basin (Cenozoic era)
10. Laws & types of stratigraphy
11. Stratigraphy of Sulaiman basin (Mesozoic era)
12. Stratigraphy of Sulaiman basin (Cenozoic era)
13. Stratigraphy of Kirthar basin
14. Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis
15. Ophiolites of Pakistan
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ,ISLAMABAD

Course Pack
PROGRAM: BS (Geo/Geop/ES)
SEMESTER: 4th
CLASS: BS
COURSE TITLE: Advance Maths
COURSE CODE: MAT 215
CREDIT HOURS: Three (3)
Tentative Weekly Teaching Plan

WEEK # TOPICS TO BE COVERED REMARKS SIGNATURE
• Introduction, midpoint ,distance Formula
1 • Centre and radius of Circle and Exercise
• Different coord.systems and exercises
• Translation of Axes and exercises
• Revision of limit, cont. differentiability of single
2 variable
• Epsilon-Delta def. and exercises
• Finding deltas algebraically and exercises

• Intro. To severable variables, limit cont.differ.of
3
sev.vars
• Simultaneous and repeated limits and problems
• Cont. and types of discount And problems on
several vars.
• Partial derivatives of first and higher orders and
4
exercises
• Intro. To gamma function and some properties of
it.
• Some problems solved with the help of gamma
fun
• Linearization of fun. Of single var.and differentials
5
and exercises.
• Linearization of fun. Of three vars.and differentials
and exercises.
• Linearization of fun. Of three vars.and
differentials, and exercises.
• Some problems on max and min. of function of
6
two variables
• Error bound for the linearization of the fun. Of
single two three vars. And exercises
• Definition of multiple integrals types of regions,
stronger and weaker forms of Fubuni’s theorem.
• Multiple integrals in Cartesian and polar forms
7
and exercises
• Multiple integrals in cylindrical and spherical cords
and exercises.
• Jacobian transformation and some problems on
multiple integrals.
8 • How to change the order of integration and its use
in different coord. Systems.
• Some problems of change of order of integration.
9 • Some important funs. Exponential, logarithmic,
sinusoidal, Hyperbolic, trigonometric, some
special Integrals and their solution.
• Theory of differential equation, basic ideas about
order degree linearity and Homogeneity and
nonhomogenity of a given differential equation.
• Diff. Eqs of first order, seperable and
homogeneous and exercises.
• Exact, linear,Bernoulli type and exercises.
• Riccati, Clairaut and Wronskian and exercises.
10
• Nature of the roots of differential eq. how to write
complementary solution seeing the nature.
• Intro.to second order d.eqs and method of inverse
operators and exercises.
• Method for undetermined coefficients and some
11
problems.
• Method of variation of parameters and some
problems.
• Method of reduction of order, Cauchy-Euler
equation and some problems.
• Even and Odd Funs. And main ideas of fourier
12
series expansion method.
• Fourier series on half and full ranges and some
problems.
• Fourier sine and cosine series,convergence of
series.
13 • Laplace Transform technique definition and basic
formulas.
• Application of laplace transform to o.d.es.
• Different methods of calculating inverse laplace
transforms.
• Fourier Transform, definition, notation, transforms
14 of some elementary functions.
• Application of Fourier Transfrom to differential
equation and integral froms.
• Some problems using Fourier Transfrom.

• Inverse transform and relevant problems.
15
• Further problems on Fourier and inverse
transform.
16 • Revision
Biostratigraphy
Semester: 8th
Theory
What is Biostratigraphy? Concept of Stage and Zone, Rock Stratigraphic Units,
Biostratigraphic Units- The Biozone, Naming Biostratigraphic Units, Introducing the Basis for
Biostratigraphic Zonation: Changes in Organisms through time, Distribution of Organisms in
Space: Paleobiogeography, Dispersal of Organisms, Barriers to Dispersal, Correlation with
Fossils, Stratigraphic ranges and zones, Percentage of common Texa, Index Fossils,
Morphologic Features, Time and Time Rock Units, Accuracy of Correlation,
Bahria University, Islamabad Campus

(Department Of Environmental Sciences)
LECTURE PLAN
Course Title: Calculus and Analytical Geometry
Course Code: MAT-110
Credit Hours: 3
Semester: 2
Pre-requisite: None
Course Objectives:
The objectives of this course are:
1. To discuss in detail and systemic way the rules and techniques of finding limits and continuity of
functions for single valued as well as for the multi valued functions
2. Finding ordinary derivatives/partial derivatives of every type of functions.
3. To discuss comprehensively several techniques of integration.
4. To discuss infinite sequences and infinite series.
5. Representing a function by a Taylor and Maculaurin series.
6. Maximization and Minimization of functions.
7. The concept of multiple integrals with applications.
8. Vector and analytic geometry in space.
Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course the student will master the following:
1. Finding limits and continuity of functions.
2. Evaluating limits and continuity of function of several variables.
3. Finding ordinary/partial derivatives of every type of functions.
4. Evaluating all types of integrals.
5. Finding the convergence and divergence of infinite series by using Integral test, Ratio test, Root
test and divergent test.
6. Representing a function by Taylor and Maculaurin series.
7. Finding extreme values, points of inflection and saddle points.
8. Finding multiple integrals, Fubini’s theorem, areas, moments, Volume of a region in space.
9. Three dimensional analytic geometry
10. Equations of lines and planes in space, Vectors in space.
Attendance, Assignments and Quizzes

1. Every class is important. Every student is expected to attend every lecture. However, 75% attendance
is mandatory. Every student must reach the class room in time. A student must not leave the class room
during the lecture unless it is essential.
2. Students are required to take all tests. No make-up test will be given under normal
circumstances.
3. No assignment will be accepted after due date. Students are expected to submit their own
solutions of the assignments.
Evaluation Criteria:
Assignments/projects: 15+5= 20%

Quizzes: 15%
Mid-Term: 25%
Final: 40%
Quizzes Schedule
Quiz # 1 Week 4
Quiz # 2 Week 6
Quiz # 3 Week 8
Quiz # 4 Week 12
Assignments
Assignments Delivery of Assignments Submission date

Assignment # 1 Week 2 Week 3
Assignment # 2 Week 4 Week5
Weekly Plan:
Week Topic covered Remarks Signature
#
1 1st Hour Informal definition of Limit, examples, rules for finding
limits.
2nd Hour concept of one sided limit, Examples
3rd Hour Exercises, continuity of functions, rules of continuity,
2 1st Hour Exercises on continuity.

2nd Hour Rate of change of functions, slopes, equations of
tangents
3rd Hour Exercises
3 1st Hour Definition of derivative, Differentiation Rules,
examples, e
2nd Hour Derivatives of Trigonometric/inverse Trign./ Hyperbolic

Functions, examples
3rd Hour Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions,
examples
4 1st Hour Exercises
2nd Hour The chain rule, Implicit differentiation, higher order
derivatives, exercises.
3rd Hour Indeterminate forms and L’ Hospital Rule, examples

and Exercises
5 1st Hour Antiderivatives, Deriving the integration formulas, The
substitution Rule, Examples
2nd Hour Integration by parts, Tabular integration, examples
3rd Hour Trigonometric integrals, Examples and exercises
6 1st Hour Trigonometric substitutions, Examples
2nd Hour Exercises
3rd Hour Integration of Rational functions by Partial Fractions,
rules for Partial Fraction decomposition
7 1st Hour Partial Fractions continued, Examples and Exercises
2nd Hour Rationalizing substitutions, The Weierstrass
Substitution
3rd Hour Infinite Sequences, Infinite Series, Examples.
8 1st Hour Taylor and Maclaurin Series
2nd Hour Exercises
3rd Hour The Integral Test, Examples and Exercises
Mid term Exam
9 1st Hour The Comparison Test, Examples, exercises.
2nd Hour Ratio and Cauchy-Root Test, examples.
3rd Hour Exercises
10 1st Hour Functions of several variables, examples.
2nd Hour Linearization of a function, chain rule, examples.
3rd Hour Exercises. Partial derivatives.
11 1st Hour Laplace/Euler equations, exercises.
2nd Hour Double integrals, areas, examples.
3rd Hour Fubnni’s theorem and Exercises.
12 1st Hour Moments, center of mass, examples.
2nd Hour Exercises.
3rd Hour Triple integrals, volumes, examples.
13 1st Hour Exercises.
2nd Hour vectors in space, example.
3rd Hour Concept of lines/planes in space geometry, examples.
14 1st Hour Angle between lines and planes in space.
measurement
of distance.
2nd Hour Exercises.
3rd Hour Equation of sphere, examples.
15 1st Hour Cartesian/polar/cylindrical coordinates, examples.
2nd Hour Exercises.
3rd Hour How to find extreme values, examples.
16 1st Hour Exercises, Absolute maxima/minima.
2nd Hour Points of inflections, Saddle points, examples.
3rd Hour Exercises.
Terminal Exam
Recommended Books:
1. G.B. Thomas and R.L Finny, Calculus and analytic Geometry,9th Edition, John Willy and Sons, 2003
2. E.W. Swokowski, Calculus and analytic Geometry, 4th Edition, Pws.Kent Publishing company, Boston
3. Calculus and Analytical Geometry by Howard. Anton
MAT-110 Calculus and Analytical Geometry (3CH)

Book: Calculus, By Earl W. Swokowski, Sixth Edition.
Course outline:
Limits and Continuity: Limit of a Function and Theorems on Limits, One-Sided Limit, Limit
at Infinity, Continuity of a Function, Intermediate Value Theorem.
Derivatives: Techniques for Differentiation, Derivatives of Functions (algebraic and
transcendental functions), Chain Rule, Implicit Differentiation, Higher Derivatives, L’ Hopital’s
Rule.
Integration: Rules for Integration, Integration by Substitution, by Parts and by Partial
Fractions, Trigonometric Integrals and Trigonometric Substitutions, Definite Integrals, Arc
Length and Area between Curves.
Sequences and Series: Sequences, Convergent or Divergent Series, Ratio and Root Test,
Alternating Series and Absolute Convergence, Power Series, Power Series Representations
of Functions, Maclaurin and Taylor Series.
Analytical Geometry: Line, Circle and Conic section.
B.S-6
Course title: Technical Writing
Course Code: Eng-121
Credit Hours: Three (3)
Pre Requisite: None
Aims & Objectives: Good communications are essential in any career a professional
chooses. Jobs, promotions, raises and professional prestige
result from one’s ability to present both written and visual
information effectively. With so much to stake, a person needs a
simple road map to direct him toward writing excellence.
Technical Communication: A practical approach is such a map.
Technical communication is generic term, for all written and
oral communications done on the job-whether in business
industry or other professions. It is identified with documents in
technology, engineering, science, the health professions and
other fields with specialized vocabularies.
Technical writing, Professional writing, Business writing and
Occupational writing refer to writing done in one’s career.
It places greater emphasis on techniques of organization and
format that help readers find important information as quickly as
possible.
The more the students know about some basic technical writing
skills, the better job of writing they are likely to do. And that will
be good for the projects they work on, for the organization they
work in and most of all –good for them and their career.
Contents: WEEK
1) Introduction to Technical Writing.
• Defining technical communication
• Features of academic writing
• Features of technical communication
• Determining the purpose
• Analyzing your readers
• Writing initial drafts & revising drafts
• Opening and closing paragraphs
2) Letter Writing
• Formal and informal letters
• Formats of formal letters
• Standard and optional parts of letter
• Punctuation, paragraphing, spacing
• Direct (Deductive) and indirect (inductive) approach
• Inquiry and order letters
• Replies to inquiry and order letter
3) Memorandum and Emails
• Guidelines for writing emails
• Formats of Memos and guidelines for writing
4) Describing and summarizing technical information
• Précis writing- Rules and making sentences short
grammatically
• Difference between summary and Précis
• Picking up main ideas and identifying supporting
details
5) Professional Presentations
• Writing steps
• Types of delivery of speeches (Presentations)
• Role of audio visual aids
• Requirements for speaker and speech
6) Writing C.V and Job Applications
• Cover letter: Different formats and requirements
• C.V: Features of designing biodata
7) Grammar, Listening skills, Speaking skills and
Reading skills
• Global listening: for main ideas (Taped Programms)
• Sub skills of reading: Skimming, Scanning, Intensive
and Extensive Reading
• Different topics for speaking skills
• Grammar activities: article, voice, phrases, clauses,
sentence structures etc.
8) Ethics and Globalism in the workplace
• Corporate culture in the new century
• Elements of a company’s culture
• The Global workplace
• Ethics on the job
9) Page Design
• Guidelines for page design
• Fonts and color
• Computers in the writing process
Recommended 1- Business English
Text Books: Writing for the Global Workplace
(Grammar) By Dona J. Young
2- Communication Sills for Engineers
Sunita Mishra
C. Muralkrishna
3- Business Letters for all (Oxford
University Press)
4- Effective Technical Communication
(Mc Craw Hill Companies)
Ashraf Rizvi
5- Technical Communication
A Practical Approach (6th Edition)
William Sanoborn Pfeiffer
T.V.S Padmaja
Lecture Plan
Course Title: Mineralogy & Crystallography
Semester: B.S II Course Code: GEOL-115
Credit Hours: 3 Pre-Requisite: GEOL-105
Objectives
At the end of this course the students will be able to
• Define crystal
• Familiarize with elements of symmetry
• Describe normal classes of crystal systems
• Describe physical properties of minerals
Outline of Lecture Plan
Week Topics
Week 1
- Introduction to Crystallography
- Characteristics of crystals
- Terms related to crystals
Week 2
- Process of crystallization
- Concept of symmetry
Week 3
- Laws of crystallography
- Elements of symmetry
Week4 - Symmetry operation

- Types of symmetry operation
Week 5
- Crystal notation
- Crystallographic axes
- Crystal systems
Week 6
- Axial ratios
- Parameters
- Miller indices
- Classes of crystal systems
Week 7
- Crystal forms; open & closed
- Normal classes of crystal systems
Week 8
- Lab work: study of symmetry of crystal
models
Week 9 Mid Term Exam

Week 10
- Introduction to mineralogy
- Definition & explanation of term “mineral”
Week 11
- Physical properties of minerals
Week 12
- Introduction to chemical mineralogy
- Chemical analysis
- Derivation of chemical formula of minerals
Week 13
- Lab: Activity about rock forming minerals
Week 14
- Description of oxide minerals
- Description of sulphate minerals
- Description of carbonate minerals
Week 15
- Lab: Hardness
Week 16
- Description of sulphosalts minerals
- Description of sulphide minerals
- Description of halide minerals
Week 17
- Description of silicate minerals
- Lab: Tenacity & other special properties
Week 18 Review & Final Exam

Books Recommended
• Principles of Mineralogy by William
• Mineralogy by Perkins
• Minerals and Rocks by Kleins
• An introduction to Rock Forming Minerals by Deer, Howie & Zussiman
• Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy
Evaluation Criteria
- Midterm Exam (25%)
- Final Exam (40%)
- Assignments & Presentation (20%) SYLLABUS
- Quiz (15%)
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD.
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES.
Course: GEOL-415 Economic Geology (4 CH;
Sem.S-2009)
Learning Goals: This Course is aimed at making the students familiar
with different types of economic mineral deposits, their modes of
occurrence, origin, processes and conditions of formation. The course
begins with making the student familiar with basic terminology and
history of economic geology, and mineral commodities nomenclature. The
students learn about the genesis of ore deposits; and how to describe the
ore textures, mineral and chemical compositions of ores and industrial
minerals. They acquire knowledge on the common models of ore deposits
based on their geological attributes. The uses of important mineral
commodities are also emphasized. Topics of special mention include wall
rock alteration, zoning, and paragenesis.
The course enables students to identify common ore minerals in hand
specimens and polarized reflected light microscopic views.
Activities:
1. Lectures are held in an active learning environment, to encourage
interaction amongst students. Activities are organized to develop skills of
active learning, critical thinking, oral and written communication, and
group / team work; without loss of the course contents.
2. Lab exercises are done to learn ore microscopic techniques and to

determine the hand specimen properties; and reflected light properties of
common ore minerals and their textures.
3. Critiques on published journal articles on topics of petrology is
required. The instructor is available for consultation regarding its details and the
sources.
4. Homework assignments are given relevant to the course contents.
Preparation of Power Point presentations, illustrated with sketches and
photographs.
5. Outside class-room, interaction amongst students is encouraged.
Schedule: Classes begin: February 9, 2009. Normally, 3 lectures and one lab
session are held per week scheduled as follows:
Wednesdays & Thursdays, 12.15 pm to 2.10 pm; in Class-room
NC-4.
Special lab sessions may be arranged elsewhere, and announced.
4. Other relevant literature and web sources are consulted to reinforce
the topics.
WEEKLY LEARNING SCHEDULE:
WEEK # TOPICS to be learned
1. Introduction and historical development of economic geology. Basic
terminology.
2. Importance of mineral deposits: Important mineral commodities and their
uses.
 LECTURE QUIZ # 1
 LAB. QUIZ # 1:
3. Classification of mineral deposits. Lindgren’s classification. Various ore
deposit models.
4. Processes of formation of mineral deposits: Igneous processes,
magmatic segregation deposits. PGE deposits.
5. Granophile miner al deposits. Ores of I- and S-type granitic magmas.
Ores of mafic magmas. Deposits of chromite, manganese, reference
to Pakistan.
 LECTURE QUIZ # 2.
6. Hydrothermal deposits. Epithermal gold deposits.
 LAB QUIZ # 2:
7. VMS deposits. Kuroko deposits. Black smokers. Carlin-type gold deposits.
8. Porphyry copper deposits. Wall rock alteration. Saindak deposit.
9. Skarn deposits. Metasomatism.
MID- TERM EXAM. # 1

10. Surficial processes. Sedimentaray deposits. MVT deposits. Sedex type
deposits. Sandstone-hosted U deposits. Unconformity- type U
deposits.
11. Evaporites. Deposits of salt, gypsum. Calcrete –hosted deposits.
12. Residual and mechanical concentration. Placer deposits. Laterites.

13. Oxidation and supergene sulphide enrichment. Gossans.
14. Metamorphism of mineral deposits.
15. Physical and chemical controls of mineral deposition. Paragensis
and zoning.
16. Occurrence , association of ore deposits. Relationship of mineral
deposits to plate tectonic settings. Metallogeny.
17. Gemstones and their occurrence in Pakistan.
17. Deposits of copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, bauxite, sulphur,
barite,
fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building stones, industrial rocks,
radioactive
minerals and rocks with special reference to deposits in Pakistan.
18. Introduction of geological exploration, prospecting.
LABORATORY SCHEDULES:
LAB # TOPIC
1-3. Hand specimens studies of common metallic minerals.
4. Hand specimens studies of common industrial minerals.
LAB. QUIZ # 1:
5. Visit to the Pakistan Museum of Natural History.
6. Ore microscopic examination of polished thin sections..
LAB QUIZ # 2:
7-10. Ore microscopic examination of polished thin
sections..
LAB QUIZ:
11. Visit to PMDC office for briefing on mineral projects.
12-14 Introductory calculations of ore grades.
15. Field visit to a mining site..
16. Visit to geological survey of Pakistan for mineral projects.
17-18. Case study of a mining project. .
LAB EXAMINATION # 2
Resources: BOOKS YOU MAY LIKE TO READ:
● Laurence Robb, 2005. Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes. Blackwell
Publishing.
● Moon, C.J., Whateley, M.K.G., Evans, A.M. (Editors), 2006. Introduction to
Mineral Exploration, 2nd Edition.
• Wellmer, F.-W., 1986. Economic Evaluations in Exploration. Springer-
Verlag, Berlin. 163 p.
● C. F. Park & R. A. MacDiarmid, 1970. Ore Deposits. W. H. Freeman &
Co.
● R.G.Roberts and P.A. Sheahan (Editors), 1988. Ore Deposit Models.
Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series #3.
● Other relevant literature, on-line sources, and CLASS HANDOUTS as required.
The handouts will be provided to summarize a few of the essential topics. These
will supplement the textbook.
● Ahmad, Zaki. 1969. Directory of Mineral Deposits of Pakistan. Geological
Survey of Pakistan.
2. LAB- BOOK: Cameron: Ore Microscopy.
Paul Ramdhor (1982) Ore Minerals and their intergrowths, 2nd
Edition,.Volumes 1 & 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
TERM PAPER: At least one term paper may be submitted on any topic of
economic geology. The instructor will be available for consultation regarding
its details and the sources. Term paper length may be 8 to10 pages of A4-size;
which may be handwritten. All sources consulted be listed.
Term-paper topic selection before: March 9, 2009; submission by April 10,
2009.
Suggested topics include the following:
Porphyry copper deposits with examples from Pakistan..
Chromite deposits of Pakistan.
Gemstones of Pakistan.
Sedex deposits of Duddar base metal mineralization.
Prospects of gold occurrences in Pakistan..
Placer deposits..
Properties and uses of aggregates.
Iron ore occurrences of Pakistan.
Geology of coal deposits of Pakistan.
Other topics not presented elsewhere, with prior consent of the instructor.
GRADE EVALUATION:
Class attendance =5% Term Paper/critique =5%
All quizzes = 15%
Mid-term major exam = 25% Lab work =5%
Final Comprehensive Lect. Exam. = 40% Field Report or homework =5%
LETTER GRADES:
= 66 - 71% < 50
A =
=87-100%
80-86% C+ = 60-65% F attendance<80% L Later on
B+ C I
= 72 - 79% =50- 59% Withdrawn
B D W
RULES:
In all exams and assignments, students are expected to follow and obey the
Rules of Bahria University.
ATTENDANCE IN CLASSES: is required in the lectures and in the lab sessions.
An excuse for absence will be entertained if endorsed by the Student Affairs
Department. Regular attendance will be rewarded; but an "I" grade will be
reported for any student whose unexcused absence exceeds 20% of the total
class/lab hours.
MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS: are not allowed for any absence in quizzes or
exams without acceptable excuse. In the case of illness or other documented
non-scheduled absence, make-up may be done within one week of return to
class at the discretion of the instructor.
INSTRUCTOR’S AVAILABILITY:
Apart from classes and labs, the instructor will be available in his office
not only in his office hours but also any time during all the working hours
for discussing any matter or problem related to the studies, lab work,
homework, term paper, etc. Students are welcome to contact the instructor
ANYTIME for consultation or assistance pertaining to the understanding of
lectures and lab work.
HEC- recommended course for Economic Geology (GEOL-510):
Introduction to economic minerals and rocks and their classification. Processes of
formation of economic mineral deposits: magmatic segregation, hydrothermal
solution, metasomatism, sedimentation, evaporation, residual and mechanical
concentration and metamorphism. Relationship of mineral deposits to plate
tectonic settings. Introduction of geological exploration / prospecting. Brief
description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold,
chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays,
phosphorite, building stones, industrial rocks and radioactive minerals and rocks
with special reference to deposits in Pakistan.
LAB: Identification and description of ores and industrial minerals / rocks. Grade
and reserve estimation of deposits.
Bahria University Islamabad
Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Course Outline
Course Title: English II

Course Code: Eng 104
Credit Hours:3
Semester: 2nd
Course Objectives
The aim is to provide the students with a course that focuses on their needs as learners of
English in the present day. Accordingly, the emphasis will be on the communicative use of
contemporary English for practical purposes. The course will, therefore , provide material
not only to extend the students’ general language proficiency, but also to systematically
develop their abilities to use English as a tool for study and to prepare them for their future
careers.
Course Requirement
Attendance and Class participation: 10 Marks
Mid -Term : 25 Marks
Quizzes, Class assignments: 25 Marks
Final Term :40 Marks
Attendance :Regularity and Punctuality

The university adheres to strict attendance policy , therefore professional conduct is
expected throughout the course. The attendance would be taken at the beginning of each
class. Any student entering the class late would be marked absent. 80% attendance is
mandatory.
Conduct and Behaviour

There will be substantial teamwork in the class. The performance of the team members
would be evaluated individually and collectively by the instructor .
Unannounced Quizzes
There will be unannounced quizzes taken randomly throughout this course. There will be
absolutely no makeup for these quizzes.
Course Outline
• Vocabulary Building Skills
• Essay Writing
• Summary Writing
• Descriptive Writing
• Speaking with Purpose
• Tips for Effective Presentation
• Dealing with Arguments
• Analyzing Theme of Written text
• Reading and Comprehension
• Effective Listening
• Letter Writing
• Presentation Skills
• Developing Reading skills
COURSE PACK
SEMESTER: BS 2 Geophysics
COURSE TITLE:English ll
COURSE CODE: ENG-104
CREDIT HOURS: 3 hrs.

1. Introduction
Language and its importance in the communication process
Characteristics 0f Message sender and Receiver
Different forms of Communication(verbal and Non-Verbal)
Dealing with arguments
Analyzing themes of written text
Interactive exercise (opinions, agreeing and disagreeing)

2. Describing people’s character and personality
Parts of Speech
Synonyms and Antonyms
Describing people’s character and personality
Parts of Speech
Assignment 1.
3. Quiz 1
Food Quantifiers(words and expressions)
Use of articles
Characteristics of a short
Story
Unity of plot
Characters
Theme
4. Units and Containers Expressions)
Assignment 2
How to give an effective presentation
Confidence building measures
Overcoming Stage fright
5. Vocabulary usage exercises
Dialogue practice
6. Vocabulary Building
Presentation 1
7. Comprehension Passage
Movie Viewing
Worksheet
8. Descriptive Writing with contrast
Figurative Language
10. Use of Prepositions
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Summarizing a passage
11. Notices and Warnings
Letter writing
12. Time and sequence
Essay Writing
Dialogue Practice
13. Similarities, differences and condition
Writing with contrast
Critically analyzing a poem
14. Adverbs
Types of Essays
Story Writing
15. Idioms
Movie Viewing
Worksheet
16. Word Puzzle
Word World
Role Playing
Interactive Exercises
17. Revision week
Recommended Readings:
Cutting Edge :Students Book (inc. mini-dictionary)
Author: Cunningham, Sarah & Moor, Peter

Publisher: Longman
Publication Date: 1998
Book: New Headway Intermediate
Author: Soars, John & Soars, Liz
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Book: Practical English Usage
Author: Swan, M
Bahria University Islamabad
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Course Outline
Course Title: English I

Course Code:Eng 103
Credit Hours:3
Semester: 1st
Course Objectives
The aim is to provide the students with a course that focuses on their needs as learners of
English in the present day. The course is designed with the prime objective of helping
learners to improve and systematically develop their language proficiency . It would
include practice in all four language skills namely reading, writing, listening and speaking .
Course Requirement
Attendance and Class participation: 10 Marks
Mid -Term : 25 Marks
Quizzes, Class assignments: 25 Marks
Final Term :40 Marks
Attendance :Regularity and Punctuality

The university adheres to strict attendance policy , therefore professional conduct is
expected throughout the course. The attendance would be taken at the beginning of each
class. Any student entering the class late would be marked absent.80% attendance is
mandatory.
Conduct and Behaviour

There will be substantial teamwork in the class. The performance of the team members
would be evaluated individually and collectively by the instructor.
Unannounced Quizzes
There will be unannounced quizzes taken randomly throughout this course. There will be
absolutely no makeup for these quizzes.
English I
Course Contents
• Use of Grammar in context

• Idioms
• Tenses: Meaning and Use
• Use of articles and preposition
• Oral Communication Skills(listening and Speaking)
• Express ideas/opinions on topic related to students’ lives and experience
• Participate in classroom discussions on contemporary issues
• Reading (skimming and scanning)
• Generating ideas using a variety of strategies e.g. brainstorming
• Developing a Paragraph outline(topic sentence and supporting details)
• Vocabulary building skills
• Creative Writing(story writing)
• Descriptive Writing (people, places and things)
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Environmental Sciences

SEMESTER: BS 1st Semester
COURSE TITLE:English l
COURSE CODE: ENG -103
CREDIT HOURS: 3 hrs.
19. Introduction
Parts of Speech
Reading for Understanding (exercise and worksheet)
20. Describing people’s appearance
Describing emotions
Describing feelings
Use of pronouns
Use of articles (definite and indefinite)
21. Homograph and Homophones
Prefix and suffix
Class discussion (First Impressions)
22. Adjectives and Adverbs
Statement and Questions
Homonyms
Paragraph Writing techniques
23. Compound Words
Comprehension Passage
Quiz 1
24. Assignment 1
Compound words
Use of nouns
25. Types of Reading
Skimming
Scanning
Comparative and Superlatives
26. Commonly confused words
Descriptive writing
Quiz ll
28. Movie viewing
Worksheet
29. Tips for Effective Presentation
Story Writing
Quiz lll
30. Enacting a script
Linking words
Assignment ll
31. Letters (Informal)
Use of well,good, less,little,least in sentences
Quiz lV
32. Comprehension Passage
Use of tenses
Assignment lll
33. Movie Viewing
Worksheet
34. Final project Presentation
35. Revision
Recommended Readings:
Book: Current English Grammar
Author: Sylvia Chalker
Book: English Grammar Word by Word

Author: Sylvia Chalker
Book:Oxford Companion to the English Language

Author:Sylvia Chalker
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS (GEOLOGY)
SEMESTER: II
COURSE TITLE: FIELD GEOLOGY
CREDIT HOURS: 3

19. Philosophy and organizing field work.
a) Geological maps and mapping.
b) Selecting a field study.
c) Reconnaissance survey.
d) Preparation for field work.
e) Work in the field and camp.
f) Completing field study and preparation of report.
20. Continue
21. Basic equipment and its uses in the field.
a) Hammer its types, uses precautions during use.
b) Hand lens selection and use.
c) The compass, measurement of dip, strike and bearing.
.
22. Basic procedure at outcrops.
a. Observation in the field.
b. Interpretation of outcrop.
c. Taking field notes.
d. Measuring strike and dip.
e. Fossils and rock samples.
f. Measuring attitude of liner features.
23. Continue
24. Continue
25. Identification of rocks in the field.
a. General rationale.
b. Texture of sedimentary rocks.
c. Naming sedimentary rocks.
d. Texture of igneous and metamorphic rocks and naming
them.
e) Quiz-I
26. Continue Assignment -I
28. Geological mapping.
a. Geological pace and compass traverse
b. Finding and tracing contacts.
c. Mapping geologic structures.
d. Mapping on topographic base
e. Location on topographic base.
f. Interpretation of geologic lines on map.
29. Continue
30. Mapping on aerial photographs and imagery.
a. Study of aerial photos.
b. Field preparations.
c. Scale and orientations of photos.
d. Geologic mapping.
e. Compilation of data.
31. Continue + Quiz-II
32. Stratigraphic sections.
a. Measurement of stratigraphic sections.
b. Presentation of stratigraphic sections
c. Correlation techniques on different basis.
33. Continue + Assignment-II
34. Geologic illustrations.
a. Structural contour maps.
b. Isopack maps.
c. Lithofacies maps
35. Field work and report .
a. Observation of physical features.
b. Plotting on topo sheet.
c. Study of geomorphic features.
d. Recognition of structural features.
e. Fauna observation.
f. Study of primary and secondary structures.
g. Quiz-III
Books (Text / Reference) Geology in the field by Robert R. Compton

COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS (GEOPHYSICS)
SEMESTER: Spring 2009
CLASS: II
COURSE TITLE: FIELD GEOLOGY
COURSE CODE:
CREDIT HOURS: 3
INSTRUCTOR NAME: FIRDOUS KHAN

1 Philosophy and organizing field work.
a) Geological maps and mapping.
b) Selecting a field study.
c) Reconnaissance survey.
d) Preparation for field work.
e) Work in the field and camp.
f) Completing field study and preparation of report.
2 Continue
3 Basic equipment and its uses in the field.
a) Hammer its types, uses precautions during use.
b) Hand lens selection and use.
c) The compass, measurement of dip, strike and bearing.
.
4 Basic procedure at outcrops.
a. Observation in the field.
b. Interpretation of outcrop.
c. Taking field notes.
d. Measuring strike and dip.
e. Fossils and rock samples.
f. Measuring attitude of liner features.
5 Continue
6 Continue
7 Identification of rocks in the field.
a) General rationale.
b) Texture of sedimentary rocks.
c) Naming sedimentary rocks.
d) Texture of igneous and metamorphic rocks and naming them
+ Quiz-I
8 Continue + Assignment-I
9 MID TERM EXAMINATION
10 Geological mapping.
a. Geological pace and compass traverse
b. Finding and tracing contacts.
c. Mapping geologic structures.
d. Mapping on topographic base
e. Location on topographic base.
f. Interpretation of geologic lines on map.
11 Continue
12 Mapping on aerial photographs and imagery.
g. Study of aerial photos.
h. Field preparations.
i. Scale and orientations of photos.
j. Geologic mapping.
k. Compilation of data.
13 Continue + Quiz-II
14 Stratigraphic sections.
l. Measurement of stratigraphic sections.
m. Presentation of stratigraphic sections
n. Correlation techniques on different basis.
15 Continue + Assignment-II
16 Geologic illustrations.
o. Structural contour maps.
p. Isopack maps.
q. Lithofacies maps
17 Field work and report .
r. Observation of physical features.
s. Plotting on toposheet.
t. Study of geomorphic features.
u. Recognition of structural features.
v. Fauna observation
w. Study of primary and secondary structures
x. Quiz-III
18 FINAL EXAMINATION
Books (Text / Reference) Geology in the field by Robert R. Compton
Course Outline
Semester 8
Course Code GEOP-425
Course Title Geophysical Data Processing
Pre-requisite GEOP-405 & CSC-305
Credit Hours 04
Introduction; Basic principles with emphasis on mathematical
analysis; Review of Fourier transforms and matrices; Basic field
procedure; Computation fundamentals of interpretation techniques,
and application of the geophysical methods; Development of
theories of the discrete Fourier and z-transforms; Wavelets; Design
of digital filters (recursive, inverse); Convolution; Auto-correlation
and cross-correlation theorem; Deconvolution; transfer function;
Maximum, minimum and mixed delay wavelets; Application to
geophysical data.
Week #01
• Overview of the Course, Books recommendation, Evaluation Criteria
• Integrated Geophysical Methods
• Scope of different geophysical methods and specially Seismic Method
Week #02
• Gravity Basics and Gravity Data Acquisition
• Gravity Data Processing and Interpretation
• Gravity Lab
Week #03
• Magnetic Basics and Magnetic Data Acquisition
• Magnetic Data Processing and Interpretation
• Magnetic Lab
Week #04
• Electrical Basics and Electrical Data Acquisition
• Electrical Data Processing and Interpretation
• Electrical Lab
Week #05
• Radioactivity Basics, Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation
• Well Logging / Borehole Geophysics
• Quiz #1
Week #06
• Elementary theory of Seismic Method
• Stress and Strain, Types of Stress and Strain
• Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
• Seismic Waves, Their Types and Propagation
• Attenuation, Refraction, Reflection and Diffraction of Elastic Waves
• Snell’s Law, Huygen’s Principle
• Absorption of Seismic Waves in Earth Materials
• Velocities of Seismic Waves in Rocks
• Gardener’s Velocity-Density Relationship
Week #07
• Different Seismic Sources and Recording Instruments
• Seismic Refraction Method, Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation
• T-X Graph and determination of Velocities/thickness, Depth Model
Week #08
• Acquiring Seismic Reflection data on Land and Marine, Geometry, CDP shooting
• Anatomy of Seismic Sections, Noises and their types, Synthetic Seismograms,
Check-shot Survey, VSP, Revision
• Quiz #2
Week #09
• Midterm Examinations
Week #10
• Seismic Data Processing – General Flowchart
• Seismic Attributes (Phase, Velocity, and Frequency etc.)
• Fresonal Zone, Resolution, Horizontal & Vertical Resolution
Week #11
• Seismic Processing Lab-1
Week #12
• Fundamentals of Signal Theory, Wave, Wavelet, Ricker Wavelet, Spike etc.
• Digital Recording and Field Data Recording
• Standard Tape Formats
Week #13
• Normal Move outs and CDP Stack
• Common Pitfalls in Structural Interpretation
• Fourier Analysis
Week #14
• Multiples
• Deconvolution
• Migration
Week #15
• Presentation-1 for case studies
• Correlation
• Convolution and its methods
Week #16
• Seismic Processing Lab-4 (Software)
Week #17
• The Convolution Model
• Quiz #3
Week #18
• Research Paper - 1
• Research Paper - 2
Week #19
• 1. Presentations on the given Topics
Week #20
1. Final Examinations
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geophysics/Geology
SEMESTER: BS – 2
COURSE TITLE: Introduction to Geophysics
COURSE CODE: GEOP-105
CREDIT HOURS: 3
WEEK NO. COURSE TOPIC / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

37. General introduction of the subject; brief overview of the course content
Applications of various types of Geophysical Exploration Techniques;
Introduction to Gravity Method – Basic Concepts, Newton’s Law of
Gravitation; Formulas used in calculating Gravitational Acceleration;
Reading Assignment no. 1
38. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Role of Density

contrast in Gravitational Exploration; Introduction to Gravity Anomalies;
Gravitational Effects over Sub-surface Bodies; Difference between
Absolute and Relative gravity; Methods of measuring gravitational
acceleration; Instruments used for gravity measurement; Variations in
gravitational acceleration; Reading Assignment no. 2
39. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Corrections on

variations in gravitational acceleration; Summary of Gravity Types;
Gravity Anomalies over Bodies with Simple Shapes; Local and Regional
Gravity Anomalies
40. Isostasy and its hypotheses; Quiz No. 1; Introduction to Magnetic

Prospecting; Basic Concepts and Definitions Similarities and Differences
between Gravity and Magnetic Techniques; Magnetism of the earth;
Assignment no. 1
41. Magnetic Induction; Magnetic Susceptibility; Mechanism for induced

magnetization; PaleoMagnetism; Remanent Magnetization; Reading
Assignment no. 3
42. Questioning Session on the Reading Assignment; Magnetic Field

Nomenclature; Earth’s Magnetic Field; Magnetics and Geology, Variations
in Earth’s Magnetic Field
43. Magnetometers; Modes of Acquiring Magnetic Data; Magnetic Cleanliness;

Magnetic anomalies over subsurface bodies
44. Quiz No. 2; Active and Passive Surveys; Introduction to Electrical
Exploration Technique

46. Various methods of electrical exploration; Ionization Potential,
Spontaneous Potential, telluric and magneto-telluric, DC-resistivity;
Reading Assignment no. 4
47. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; DC- Resistivity

Method; Basic concepts of current and potential lines; First estimate of
resistivity; Apparent and true resistivities; Methods of measuring
resistivity; Equipments; Depth of current penetration; Assignment no. 2
48. Current Flow in layered media; Variations of apparent resistivities in the

subsurface; Resistivity soundings and profiles; Wenner and Schlumberger
Array Advantages and disadvantages of Wenner and Schlumberger array;
Sources of noise
49. Quiz no. 3; Introduction to Seismic Exploration Technique; Refraction and

reflection Seismology; Advantages and disadvantages of seismic methods
(refraction and reflection); Reading Assignment no. 5
50. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Elastic and

seismic waves; Seismic wave velocity and rock properties; Equipment
Overview; Seismic Sources
51. Seismic Refraction Method; Head waves; travel time curves; First arrivals;
Determining Earth structure from travel-time curves; Derivation of Travel
Time equations; Sources of Noise in Seismic Surveys
52. Seismic Reflection Method; Processing of Seismic Reflection Data;

Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Data
53. Quiz No. 4; Introduction to Radioactive Exploration Technique and Well

logging; Basic Concepts and Working
BOOKS (Reference / Text)

1. Introduction to Geophysical Exploration (lecture notes of each module available at
http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/ES304/index.html)
2. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting (Fourth Edition)

Milton B. Dobrin
Carl H. Savit
FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: 8
COURSE TITLE: GIS & Computer Image Processing
COURSE CODE: GEOP-430
CREDIT HOURS: 4
WEEK NO COURSE SUBJECT / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT
1 Introduction to GIS
2 Geospatial Technologies, Software
3 Hardware, Data, Geodetic Concepts, Resolution, Scale and Geospatial
database
4 LAB
5 Digitizing with ArcGIS 9.x
6 GIS Data Models, Spatial Analysis, Assignment 1
7 Concepts of Remote Sensing, Types of Sensors, Remote Sensing Satellites
8 Quiz 1, Assignment 2, Interpretation Elements, Image Processing
9 MID TERM
10 ArcMAP Basics
11 Introduction to Desktop GIS, Exploring ArcMap and ArcCatalog (LAB)
12 ArcGIS Basics(Labeling features, Joining and Relating tables, querying data)
Quiz 2 Assignment 3(LAB)
13 Digital Elevation Model, Digital Terrain Model
14 Geodatabase Concepts
15 Digitizing with ArcGIS 9.2 LAB, Assignment 4
16 Vector Data Analysis LAB, Assignment 4
17 Map Design Basics, Map Layout, Color and Typography
18 FINAL EXAMINATION
SYLLABUS
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES.
GEOL315 Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology (Sem.S-
2009)
Faculty: Dr. Zulfiqar Ahmed.
Learning Goals: This Course is aimed at making the students familiar
with different types of “hard rocks”. They learn how to describe the
textures, mineral and chemical compositions of rocks and interpret their
processes of formation. They acquire knowledge on the rock associations,
origin, tectonic settings and conditions of formation of rocks around the
world.
The lab-work enables students to identify common rock types using hand
specimens and polarized light microscopic views, and calculate important
parameters for petrological studies and practical applications. The
students also gain some experience of interpretation of geochemical data
on rocks and construction of geochemical and phase diagrams.
Activities:
1. Lectures are held in an active learning environment, to encourage
interaction amongst students. Activities are organized to develop skills of
active learning, critical thinking, oral and written communication, and
group / team work; without loss of the course contents.
2. Lab exercises are done to determine the optical properties of

component minerals and textural features of a variety of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
Geochemical data on rocks is used to recalculate significant parameters and to
draw useful diagrams.
3. Field trip: A week end field trip to igneous and metamorphic area, like
the Mansehra region is planned to understand the large variety of rocks exposed
there.
4. Critiques on published journal articles on topics of petrology is
required. The instructor is available for consultation regarding its details and the
sources.
5. Homework assignments are given relevant to the course contents.
Preparation of Power Point presentations, illustrated with sketches and
photographs.
Outside class-room, interaction amongst students is encouraged.
Schedule: Classes begin: February 9, 2009. Normally, 2 lectures and one
lab session are held per week scheduled as follows:
Tuesdays, 9.15 am to 11.10 am in LAB-4; and
Thursdays 10.15 am to 11.10 am in BH-2.
Special lab sessions may be arranged elsewhere, and announced.
Resources:
1. TEXTBOOKS:
Loren A. Raymond, 1995. The Study of Igneous, Sedimentary and
Metamorphic Rocks. McGraw-Hill.
Blatt, H. & Tracy, R.J., 1996 PETROLOGY: Igneous, Sedimentary, and
Metamorphic, Second Edition. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York.
• Other relevant literature, on-line sources, and CLASS HANDOUTS as
required.
2. LABORATORY HELPBOOKS:
MacKenzie, W.S. & Guilford, C. (1982) Atlas of rock-forming minerals in thin
section. Longman.
3. The handouts will be provided to summarize a few of the essential topics.
These will supplement the textbook.
4. Other relevant literature and web sources are consulted to reinforce the topics.
WEEKLY LEARNING SCHEDULE:
WEEK # TOPICS to be learned
1. Nature and generation of magma: Magma, its nature, physical properties.
2. Magmatic crystallization and differentiation: Magmatic evolution, and
differentiation mechanisms. Bowen's reaction series. Magma contamination & assimilation.
Mingling of magmas. Post-solidification alterations.
3. Modes of occurrence and types of extrusive & intrusive rock bodies:
Various modes of occurrence of plutonic and volcanic rocks.
5. Classification of igneous rocks: Minerals of Igneous rocks. Modal analysis. Color
index. Chemical constituents of igneous rocks. Methods of chemical analyses, and related
calculations. CIPW Norm. Silica content. Silica saturation. Alumina saturation. IUGS
classification.
6. Structures and textures of igneous rocks: : crystallinity, granularity, grain
habits and fabric. Granular, porphyritic, graphic, myrmekitic, ophitic, poikilitic, spinifex,
intersertal, intergranular, trachytic textures. Amygdules, coronas, kelyphitic rims. Subsolidus
exsolution and inversion textures. Cumulates.
 LECTURE QUIZ # 2.
8. systematic study of igneous rocks.Ultramafic rocks: peridotites, dunites,
wehrlite, harzburgite, lherzolites, hornblende peridotites, garnet peridotites, plagioclase
peridotites, serpentinites, serpentine minerals, mica peridotites, kimberlites, komatites.
9. Basic rocks: gabbros, norites, troctolites, anorthosites and magnesiam (ortho-) and
calc-magnesiam (clino-) pyroxenites. Massive stratified complexes.
Diabases, basalts, spilites, feldspathoidal rocks, trachybasalts. Lamprophyres: calc-
alkaline lamprophyres, hornblende –lamprophyres, mica lamprophyres & alkaline
lamprophyres.
 Mid-Term Exam as per announcement by University: April 6, 2009.
10. Intermediate rocks: andesites, diorites, latites, monzonites, trachyandesite, trachyte,
propylites. Syenites, feldspathoidal felsic rocks, phonolites, sodic phonolites,
leucitophyres, Feldspathoidal syenites, Nepheline syenites, analcime syenites,
pyroxenites, troctolite, anorthosites, carbonatites.
11. Acidic rocks: tonalite, granodiorite, dacite, quartz monzonite, rhyodacite, adamellite,
granite, rhyolite, textures of granites, China clay, granitization, contaminated acid plutonic
rocks: xenoliths & autoliths, migmatites, pegmatites, acid aplites & pegmatites, final and
initial melt pegmatites, granophyres, alkali granites, chranockites, granodiorites, tonalites.
Dacites, rhyolites. acid glassy rocks, potassic rhyolites, sodic rhyolites.
12. The ophiolite suite. Igneous Rocks and Plate Tectonics.
13. Experimental petrology. Phase Rule. Unary H2O and SiO2 systems. Binary systems,
solid solution, the lever rule, system MgO- H2O, sequence of equilibrium
crystallization and equilibrium melting. Intermediate compounds in binary systems,
congruent and incongruent melting, fractional crystallization and melting. Solid
solution in binary systems. System albite-anorthite. System forsterite-fayalite.
Ternary systems. Quaternary systems.
14. Processes and types of metamorphism and tectonism:
Metamorphic Processes. Definition and agents of metamorphism. Types of
metamorphism. Regional, thermal & dynamic metamorphism, dislocation
metamorphism, contact, dynamic and regional metamorphism.
Metamorphic textures. Metamorphic recrystallization. Crystal growth in a solid medium.
Crystalloblastic Series.
Porphyroblasts. schistosity & lineation. Gneissic structure. Relic textures.
Regional metamorphism, Isograds & zones of regional metamorphism. Seafloor
metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. Burial metamorphism. Very low grade
metamorphism. The Barrovian sequence. Regional metamorphism of mudrocks.
Blueschist and eclogite facies. Contact metamorphism.
16. Metamorphic facies concept, facies series, Facies of contact -, low-grade regional -,
and high grade regional – metamorphism. Metamorphic P-T-t paths and tectonics.
17. Common metamorphic rock types. Slates, slaty cleavage, spotted slates, phyllites,
schists. Migmatites, Types of migmatites, diatexites. Marble. Greenstones, amphibolite.
Quartzite, eclogite, granulite, skarn, serpentinite, hornfels. Iron formations and
ironstones. Field relations of metamorphic rocks.
18. Graphical representation of assemblages and reactions. ACF, A’KF diagrams.
LABORATORY SCHEDULES:
LAB # TOPIC
1. Identification of hand specimens of igneous rocks.
2. Descriptions and illustration of textures of rocks in thin sections.
 LAB. QUIZ # 1:
Textures, mineral composition descriptions, illustration and nomenclature of
ultramafic rocks by thin section microscopy.
3. Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and
nomenclature of basic rocks by thin section microscopy.
4.Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and
nomenclature of intermediate rocks by thin section microscopy.
 LAB QUIZ # 2:
6. Textures and mineral composition descriptions, illustration and nomenclature of
acidic rocks by thin section microscopy.
7. Calculation of the CIPW Norm from given chemical analysis.
 LAB EXAM. #1
8. Interpretation of binary, and ternary phase diagrams.
9. Textures, mineral composition and nomenclature of metamorphic rocks by thin section
microscopy, and in hand specimens.
11. Textures, mineral composition and nomenclature of metamorphic rocks by thin section
microscopy and in hand specimens.
12. Constructing metamorphic rocks graphical diagrams.
13. Study of hand specimens of rock samples collected during the field trip.
14. Study of thin sections of rock samples collected during the field trip.
BOOKS YOU MAY LIKE TO READ:
Hall, A. (1996) Igneous Petrology; Second Edition. Longman Group Ltd.
Williams, H., Turner, F.J. & Gilbert, C.M. (1982) Petrography, Second Edition. W. H.
Freeman & Co.
Schmincke, 2005. Volcanism. Springer-verlag, Berlin.
TERM PAPER: At least one term paper may be submitted on any topic of petrology. The
instructor will be available for consultation regarding its details and the sources. Term paper
length may be 8 to10 pages of A4-size; which may be handwritten. All sources consulted be
listed.
Term-paper topic selection before: March 9, 2009; submission by April 10,
2009.
Suggested topics include the following:
Pegmatites. Granites of Pakistan.
Precambrian rocks of Pakistan. Alkaline rocks of Pakistan.
Carbonatites and their significance. Petrography of Dammam dome.
Petroleum reservoir rocks of Pakistan. Ophiolites of Pakistan.
Mafic-ultramafic complexes. . Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks..
Subduction zone magmatism. Amphibolites.
Ultrahigh pressure metamorphism The facies concept
Very low-grade metamorphism
Other topics not presented elsewhere, with prior consent of the instructor.
GRADE EVALUATION:
Class attendance =5% Term Paper/critique =5%
All quizzes = 15%
Mid-term major exam = 25% Lab work =5%
Final Comprehensive Lect. Exam. = 40% Field Report or homework =5%
= 66 - 71% < 50
A =
=87-100%
80-86% C+ = 60-65% F attendance<80% L Later on
B+ C I
= 72 - 79% =50- 59% Withdrawn
B D W
RULES:
In all exams and assignments, students are expected to follow and obey the Rules of
Bahria University.
ATTENDANCE IN CLASSES: is required in the lectures and in the lab sessions. An
excuse for absence will be entertained if endorsed by the Student Affairs Department.
Regular attendance will be rewarded; but an "I" grade will be reported for any student
whose unexcused absence exceeds 20% of the total class/lab hours.
MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS: are not allowed for any absence in quizzes or exams
without acceptable excuse. In the case of illness or other documented non-scheduled
absence, make-up may be done within one week of return to class at the discretion of
the instructor.
INSTRUCTOR’S AVAILABILITY:
Apart from classes and labs, the instructor will be available in his office not only in
his office hours but also any time during all the working hours for discussing any
matter or problem related to the studies, lab work, homework, term paper, etc. Students
are welcome to contact the instructor ANYTIME for consultation or assistance pertaining
to the understanding of lectures and lab work.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
● M G Best, 2003.Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology,2ndEdition. Blackwell
Publishing.
● D.W. Hyndmann, 1995. McGraw Hill.
● M. Wilson, 1989.
● H. Blatt, Tracy, R. and Owens, D., 2005.
● W. G. Ernst, 1975. Metamorphism and Plate Tectonic Regimes.Hutchion &
Ross, Inc.
● F. J. Turner, 1981.
● J. D. Winter, 2001. Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice – Hall.
●H. G. F. Winkler, 1987.
●K. Bucher, and B. Frey, 1994. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. Springer-
Verlag.
●R. W. Maitre, M. J. LeBas, A. Streckeisen, B. Zanettin, B. Bonin (Eds.) Igneous
Rocks: A Classification and Glossary: Recommendations of the
● A. Miyashiro, 1994. Metamorphic Petrology. Oxford Univ Press.
HEC course GEOL-511 Ign & met Petrology: Composition, origin,differentiation and
originevolution of magma.Classification of igneous rocks. Petrography and occurrence of
the following series:Tholeiitic and alkali-olivine basalt. Basaltr-andesite series. Study of
granites, granodiorite, syenite, carbonatite, mafic and ultramafic rocks. Lamprophyres.
Facies analysis of volcanic rocks.
Types of metamorphism. Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism. Metamorphic
diffusion and differentiation. Study of thermal and regional metamorphism of
argillaceous, calcareous and arenaceous rocks. ACF and AKF diagrams. Metamorphism in
relation to plate tectonics. Development of textures and structures.
LAB: Megascopic and microscopic identification and description of igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ,ISLAMABAD
Course Pack
PROGRAM: BS
SEMESTER: I
COURSE TITLE: Mathematics
COURSE CODE: MAT 105
CREDIT HOURS: Three (3)
WEEK
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
#
1 Quadratic Equation
2 Quadratic Equation
3 Partial Fraction
4 Number System
5 Matrices And Determinants
6 Sequences And Series
7 Mathematical Induction And Binomial Theorem
8 Trignometric Formulas And Identities
9 Mid-Term Examination
10 Function And Limits
11 Derivation And Integration
14 Analytic Geometry And Classification Of Conics
15 Analytic Geometry And Classification Of Conics
16 Analytic Geometry and Classification of conics
17 Analytic Geometry and Classification of conics
18 Final Examination
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1- Textbook of algebra and trigonometry for class XI (Punjab textbook board, Lahore)
2- Calculus and analytic geometry for class XII (Punjab textbook board, Lahore)
EVALUATION CRITERIA:
Quizzes 15
Assignments 20
Mid-Term 25
Final Exams 40
QUIZZES SCHEDULE:
Quiz # Timings
1 Week # 4
2 Week # 5
3 Week # 6
4 Week # 7
ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE:
No. Delivery Submission
1 Week # 3 Week # 4
2 Week # 7 Week # 8
3 Week # 11 Week # 12
4 Week # 15 Week # 16
MINERAL DEPOSIT EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
Weekly Outline for Spring Semester 2009; BS-8
Introduction: The subject course “Mineral Deposit Evaluation

Techniques” is meant for professional geologists having sound
background of field geology, economic geology, mining geology
as well as mineralogy. Teaching this subject not only refreshes
the students mind but also make them professional geologists
in advance. The recommended textbook “Mineral Deposit
Evaluation- A Practical Approach by Alwyn E. Annels” is too
heavy for the students to understand it fully, therefore,
modifications have been made by integrating the subject with
other related books such as the “ore deposit models”, notes,
and multimedia presentation (power point as well as videos).
This course will not only enhance the technical capabilities of
the students in more practical ways, but also benefit them in
their professional career.
Here is the weekly schedule of the course to be taught in the Spring Semester 2009.
Weekly schedule How to employ
Ist week
Representation of mine data (introduction to
mineral deposits) that include mine
nomenclature, mine nomenclature such as the
definitions of ore bodies, access to ore bodies,
e.g. shaft, stoping, underground mining, and
open pits etc
2nd week
Gemstone mines of NWFP and Northern Areas,
general geology of the area and mining
geology (Video presentation). The gemstone
mines are Topaz, Emerald, Aquamarine,
Tourmaline and Ruby. Brain storming session.
3rd week
Mine sampling (introduction to sampling to ores
and ore deposits; general over view);
Characterization of mineral deposits for
sampling purposes such as veins, stratiform
deposits, sedimentary deposits, porphyry
copper-molybdenum deposits, shear zone
epithermal gold deposits, carbonate hosted
stratabound/Mississippi Valley deposits,
volcanogenic massive sulphides/exhalites.
Sampling of ores (Chip sampling, Channel
sampling, grab sampling, diamond drill
sampling, prospect sampling (pitting, trenching
etc. Sand and gravel sampling. Heavy mineral
deposits.
4th week
Mineral Resources of Pakistan (power point
presentation) and discussion/interaction; Heavy
mineral deposits and gold exploration
particularly in the placer deposits of Hunza
River, Northern Areas of Pakistan (Power point
presentation);discussion/interaction;Mineral
dressing an over view; QUIZZ = 5 MARKS
(VIVA VOCE) and oral presentations
5th week Mineral dressing (Heavy mineral separation
using heavy liquids; magnetic mineral
separator (iso dynamic mineral separator).
Group discussion and practical work; The
application of copper sensitive paints for
exploration; Use of portable XR; Power point
presentation on XRF analysis of rocks; Group
discussion; Technique of reserve calculations
for the Nagarparkar granite of Pakistan
(practical work).
6th week Reserve calculations of the multi-coloured

Nagarparker granites (practical work); Ore
reserves by classical methods (introduction);
classification of reserves and resources; mine
deposit reserves by using computer soft wares
(practical work)
7th week QUIZZ = 5 MARKS (oral presentation) and

VIVA VOCE; USBM/USGS classification of
resources and reserves. (practical work: use of
bruton compass/clinometer in mapping; Brain
storming session.
8th week AIMM/AMIC classification of resources and

reserves; coal resources and reserves.
QUIZZ = 5 MARKS; Group discussion
9th week Mid Term Examination
10th week Coal resources and reserves; coal resources of

Pakistan; practical approach for reserve
calculation, Thar coal province as a case study.
Group discussion/interaction
11th week Ore reserve calculation-worked example; ore

evaluation case histories
12th week Design and evaluation of open pit operation;

Group discussion
13th week Financing and financial evaluation of mining

projects; Group discussion
14th week Grade control, open pit operation and

underground operation (some case histories);
Group discussion
15th week ASSIGNMENT= 20 MARKS; Case history-

Bouly potash mine, Clevaland UK
16th week Case history east ore zone, Teck-Corona gold

mine, Hemlo Canada
17th week Olympic dam Cu-Au deposits, Australia: case
history; practical work for the identification of
ore minerals.
18th week General over view of the ore deposit models

and ore deposit evaluation; Brain storming
session
19th week Final examination

Lecture Plan
Course Title: 0ptical Mineralogy
Semester: B.S IV Course Code: GEOL-225
Credit Hours: 3 Pre-Requisite: GEOL-115
Objectives
At the end of this course the students will be able to
• Distinguish between optical mineralogy & petrography
• Become familiarize with the parts of petrographic microscope
• Describe the techniques of thin section preparation
• Describe the optical properties of minerals
Outline of Lecture Plan
Week Topics
Week 1
- Introduction
- Optical mineralogy & petrography
Week 2
- Petrographic microscope
- Types of samples
Week 3
- Light its nature & theory about light
- Wave nomenclature
- Reflection , refraction
Week4 - Total internal reflection

- Retardation, Phase
- Interference
Week 5
- Polarization
- Types of polarization
Week 6
- Polarization by reflection
- Polarization by selective absorption
- Polarization by double refraction
Week 7
- Optical classification of minerals
- Refractive index
- Relief
Week 8
- Becke Line method
- Oblique illumination method
Week 9 Mid Term Exam
Week 10
- Extinction & its types
- Pleochroism
- Monochromatic illumination
- Polychromatic illumination
Week 11
- Interference colors
- Anomalous interference colors
Week 12
- Use of the accessory plates
- Determining slow and fast ray vibration
direction
- Optics of opaque minerals
Week 13
- Optics of isotropic minerals
Week 14
- Optics of uniaxial minerals
- Optic sign determination
- Uniaxial indicatrix
- Uniaxial interference figures
Week 15
- Optics of biaxial minerals
- Optic sign determination
- Biaxial indicatrix
- Biaxial interference figures
Week 16
- Optical study of minerals
Week 17
- Petrography of selected rocks
Week 18 Review & Final Exam

Books Recommended
• Principles of Mineralogy by William
• Mineralogy by Perkins
• Minerals and Rocks by Kleins
• An introduction to Rock Forming Minerals by Deer, Howie & Zussiman
• Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy
Evaluation Criteria
- Midterm Exam (25%)
- Final Exam (40%)
- Assignments & Presentation (20%)
- Quiz (15%)
COURSE PACK
SEMESTER: Spring 2009
CLASS: BS-3
COURSE TITLE: Programming fundamentals
COURSE CODE: CSC-120
CREDIT HOURS: 3

55. Programinhg languages(low and high level languages)
56. Input and output functions
57. If_else statements
58. Switch statments
59. For loop
60. While loop
61. Do while loop
62. revision
64. Functions
65. Structures
66. Arrays
67. Briefing of the project
68. Project
69. project
70. Project
71. revision
Book Recommended
C++ By example

COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: BS-3
COURSE TITLE: Programming fundamentals
COURSE CODE: CSC-120
CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Programinhg languages(low and high level languages)
2. Input and output functions
3. If_else statements
4. Switch statements
5. For loop
6. While loop
7. Do while loop
8. Revision
10. Functions
11. Structures
12. Arrays
13. Briefing of the project
14. Project
15. Project
16. Project
17. Revision
Book Recommended
C++ By example

COURSE PACK
PROGRAM: BS Geology
SEMESTER: 1st Semester
COURSE TITLE: Physics
COURSE CODE: PHY-105
CREDIT HOURS: 3

73. Newton’s Gravitational Law
74. Kepler’s Law
75. Electrostatics, Magnetisms
76. Ampere’s Law, Magnetic flux Density-B (Assignment-1 )
77. Natural and Artificial Radioactivity (Quiz-1)
78. Heat and Conductivity (Assignment-2 )
79. Thermodynamic Principles (Quiz-2)
80. Pressure and Density
82. Reflection and Refraction (Assignment-3 )
83. Interference and Diffraction (Quiz-3)
84. Semiconductors (Assignment-4 )
85. Transistors (Quiz-4)
86. Satellite communication
87. Satellite communication (Assignment-5 )
88. Introduction to Mateorology (Quiz-5)
89. Introduction to Mateorology
Reference Books
1. Physical Science (3rd Edition) by Bill W.Tillery

2. Earth Science by Turbuck and Lutgels
Physics
Course Title: PHY-105

Credit Hours: 03
Total Contact Hours: 48
Objective: The purpose of the course is to develop the basic concepts

of Physical Sciences with its applications, and to create interest in the
field of Geophysics. It will also prepare the students for the Projects and
the Research work while working independently.
Course Contents
Solar System:
Planets of the Solar System, Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation,
Kepler’s Laws.
Planet Earth:
Latitude/Longitude, Standard Time, GMT, Prime Meridian, International
Date Line, Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Seasons,
Waves and Oscillations:

Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Transverse and
Longitudinal Waves, Sound Levels, Audible/Sub-sonic/Supersonic
Frequencies, Doppler Effect (Sonic Boom), AC/DC, Electromagnetic
Induction, Transformers, Grid Transmission.
Optical Phenomena:
Mirror Image, Regular and Irregular Reflection, Refraction, Total Internal
Reflection and its uses, Fibre Optics, Dispersion, Rainbow.
Communication Satellites:
Satellites, Satellite Orbits, Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Satellites,
Uses of Satellites, G.P.S.
Heat and Conductivity:

Temperature, Temperature Lapse Rate, V-Temp. Distribution,
Temperature Inversion, Insolation, H- Temp. Distribution (Temperature
Zones).
Pressure and Density:

Atmospheric Pressure, Pressure Gradient, Coriolis Force, Causes of
Wind, Geostrophic Winds, Isobars, Pressure Patterns (Low, High,
Cyclone, Anticyclone).
Weather and Climate:

Weather Elements, Weather Patterns, Surface Weather Maps,
Thunderstorm Formation, Thunderstorm Hazards.
Books Recommended:
rd
1. Physical Science, 3 edition by Bill W. Tillery.
2. Earth Science by Turbuck and Lutgens
Course Plan
(Physics -105)
Weeks: Topics:
1-2 Solar System: Planets of the Solar System, Newton’s Law

of Universal Gravitation, Kepler’s Laws.
3-4 Planet Earth: Latitude/Longitude, Standard Time, GMT,

Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Solar and Lunar
Eclipses, Seasons,
5-6 Waves and Oscillations: Electromagnetic Waves, Electro-

magnetic Spectrum, Transverse and Longitudinal Waves,
Sound Levels, Audible/Sub-sonic/Supersonic Frequencies,
Doppler Effect (Sonic Boom), AC/DC, Electromagnetic
Induction, Transformers, Grid Transmission.
7-8 Optical Phenomena: Mirror Image, Regular and Irregular

Reflection, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection and its uses,
Fibre Optics, Dispersion, Rainbow.
MID TERM EXAM
9-10 Communication Satellites: Satellites, Satellite Orbits,

Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Satellites, Uses of
Satellites, GPS.
11-12 Heat and Conductivity: Temperature, Temperature Lapse
Rate, V-Temp.Distribution, Temperature Inversion,
Insolation, H- Temp. Distribution (Temperature Zones).
13-14 Pressure and Density: Atmospheric Pressure, Pressure

Gradient, Coriolis Force, Isobars, Causes of Wind,
Geostrophic Winds, Pressure Patterns (Low, High, Cyclone,
Anticyclone).
15-16 Weather and Climate: Weather Elements, Weather

Patterns, Surface Weather Maps, Thunderstorm
Formation, Thunder-storm Hazards
FINAL EXAM
LECTURE PLAN
Course Title: GEOL-220 - Sedimentation and Sedimentary Petro
Pre-Requisite: (GEOL – 215 Stratigraphy and Geology of Pakistan)
Credit Hours: 03
Semester: B.S 4th Semester (Geology / Geophysics)
Course Objective

To introduce the students with
1. Sediments, their origin and formation
2. Sedimentation Processes
3. Sedimentary Rocks and their Classes
4. Composition of Sedimentary Rocks
5. Sedimentary Structures and Textures
6. Diagenetic processes and their effects in rock formation
7. Study of the sedimentary rocks in the field
Evaluation Criteria
Assignments/Projects: 20%
Quizzes: 15%
Mid-Term Exam: 25%
Final Term Exam: 40%
WEEK 1
Introduction to the subject, objective behind the study of rocks and relation of this
subject with the other fields of Geology
Introduction to the Stratigraphy, Sedimentology
Stratigraphic Laws
WEEK 2
Rocks and Rock Classification

Introduction to Sediments and their Origin
Sedimentary Rock Cycle
Quiz 1
WEEK 3
Weathering and the Types of Weathering
Erosion of Sediments
Transportation and Deposition of Sediments
WEEK 4
Deposition of Siliciclastic Sediments
WEEK 5
Deposition of Nonsiliciclastic Sediments
WEEK 6
Descriptive Study of Siliciclastic rock
Sandstone and its Classification
Quiz 2
WEEK 7
Conglomerates and their Classification
Mud Stone and its Classification
WEEK 8
Descriptive study of Nonsiliciclastic rocks
Carbonates and their Classification
WEEK 9
Evaporites and their Classification
Introduction to Silicious Sedimentary Rocks
WEEK 10
Textures found in Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Structures and their Classification
WEEK 11
Diagenesis of the Sedimentary Rocks
Introduction to Sedimentary Facies and Study of the Facies
Quiz 3
WEEK 12
Introduction to the Study of sedimentary rocks in the Field
Introduction to Sedimentary Environments
WEEK 13
Continental Environments
(Fluvial, Desert, Glacial Environments)
WEEK 14
Marginal Marine Environments
(Deltaic, Beach, Tidal Flat etc)
WEEK 15
Marine Environments
(Continental shelf, Continental Break and Slope, Continental Rise and Abyssal
Plane)
WEEK 16
Practicals regarding Paleo-Current analysis for the Sedimentary Province
Discussion about the issues and problems in the course taught.
Recommended Books
1- Principals of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology

Sam Boggs, Jr.
2- Sedimentary Rocks
F.J. PettiJohn
3- The Field Description of Sedimentary Rocks

Maurice E. Tucker
Course Outline
Semester 7
Course Code GEOP-405
Course Title Seismic Exploration Techniques
Pre-requisite GEOP-205, 305, 315, MAT-215
Credit Hours 04
Physical principles and basic theory of seismic methods as used in
hydrocarbon and mineral exploration programs; Seismic refraction
survey methodologies; Special emphasis on physical, instrumental
and field procedures; Processing and interpretation of seismic
data.
Week #01
1. Overview of the Course, Books recommendation, Evaluation Criteria, Scope of
Seismic Method, Occurrence of Oil/Gas Traps, Seismic helps in Structure detection
2. Elementary theory of Seismic Method, Stress and Strain, Types of Strain
Week #02
1. Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
2. Seismic Constants and its Mathematics
Week #03
1. Seismic Waves, Their Types and Propagation
2. Attenuation, Refraction, Reflection and Diffraction of Elastic Waves
Week #04
1. Snell’s Law, Huygen’s Principle, Absorption of Seismic Waves in Earth Materials,
Ricker Wavelet
2.QUIZ #1
Week #05
1. Velocities of Seismic Waves in Rocks, Gardener’s Velocity-Density Relationship
2.Different Seismic Sources and Recording Instruments
Week #06
1. Seismic Refraction Method, Simple Two-layer case and its generalization
2. Dipping layers and Fault Case, T-X Graph and determination of
Velocities/thickness, Depth Model
Week #07
1. Different GRM techniques
2. QUIZ #2
Week #08
1. Acquiring Seismic Reflection data on Land, Geometry
2. CDP shooting
Week #09
1. Seismic Section
2. Revision
3. QUIZ #3
4. Revision
Week #10
1. Midterm Examinations
Week #11
1. Acquiring Seismic Reflection data in Water-Covered Areas
2. Satellite Navigation, Integrated and Global Positioning System
Week #12
1. QUIZ #4
2. Common Pitfalls in Structural Interpretation
Week #13
1. Practical #1
2. Seismic Data Processing, Corrections, NMO
Week #14
1. Practical #2
2. QUIZ #5
Week #15
1. Practical #3
2. Migration
Week #16
1. Migration
2. Deconvolution
3. STATICS
4. The Convolution Model
Week #17
1. Presentations on the given Topics
Week #18
1. Seismic Data Interpretation
2. Seismic Stratigraphy
3. QUIZ #6
Week #19
1. Synthetic Seismograms,
2. Check-shot Survey, VSP
4. 3D-Seismic Survey, their Design and Acquisition
4. Revision
Week #20
Course contents for Environmental geology, ES-305, BS 5th
Month Date No of Classes
Topics
11 2 Introduction to Environmental Geology
12 1 Basic concepts about Hazards
18 2 Floods (Origin and process)
February
19 1 Types of floods
25 2 Characteristics and factors controlling floods
26 1 adjustments and prevention
4 2 Earthquakes and their causes
5 1 Hazards related to Earthquakes
11 2 Earthquakes prediction and management
12 1 Preventive measures
18 2 Quiz No.1
19 1 Volcanic activity (Origin and process)
March
25 2 Hazards
1 2 coastal Processes
2 1 Coastal Erosion
8 2
9 1 Midterm
16 1 Landslides
22 2 Factors controlling Landslides
23 1 preventive measures
29 2 Excercises
April
30 1 Quiz No.2
6 2 Waste disposal types and its management
7 1 Management of waste disposal
13 2 Mining and its impacts on Environment
20 2 Oil and Gas exploitation
21 1 Environmental impacts and their control
27 2 Concept of Urban geology
June May
28 1 Urban geologic mapping

3 2 Environmental impact assessment and statement
4 1 Quiz no.3
NOTE: The case studies and examples from Pakistan are the mandatory part of each topic
Course contents for Petroleum geology, ES-325, BS 6th
No of
Month Date Classes Topics
11 1 Introduction
12 2 Origin of Hydrocarbons
18 1 Accumulation of Organic matter
February
19 2 Conversion of Organic matter to Kerogen

25 1 Conversion of kerogen to petroleum
26 2 Source rocks
4 1 Quiz No.1
5 2 Migration
11 1 Primary migration
12 2 Mechanisms of primary migration
18 1 Secondary migration
19 2 Mechanisms of Secondary migration
March
25 1 Reservoir rocks
26 2 Sandstone Reservoirs
1 1 Limestone Reservoirs
2 2 Quiz No.2
8 1
9 2 Midterm
15 1 Seal or cap rocks
16 2 Structural traps
22 1 Traps in folded rocks
23 2 Traps in faulted rocks
29 1 Traps in fractured rocks
April
30 2 Stratigraphic traps
6 1 Introduction to sequence stratigraphy
7 2 Application of sequnce stratigraphy
13 1 Basic components of Hydrocarbons
14 2 Non Hydrocarbon constituents
20 1 Concept of petroleum Province and basins
21 2 Quiz no.3
27 1 Source rocks of Pakistan
May
28 2 Reservoir rocks of Pakistan

Hydrocarbon potential of basins in
3 1 Pakistan
June
4 2
LECTURE PLAN
Course Title: Structural Geology & Geotectonics (GEOL-110)
Pre-Requisite: Physical to General Geology (GEOL - 105)
Credit Hours: 03
Semester: B.S 2rd Semester (Geology and Geophysics)
Spring 2009
Course Objective

• To introduce the students with Stress that causes the major structures of earth
(Strain)
• Introduction to different tectonic theories, Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading,
Plate Movements and Orogenic processes, Plumes and other convection
phenomina.
• Introduction to the Major Structures of the Earth i.e.
1. Folds
2. Faults
3. Fractures & Joints
4. Unconfirmities
5. Cleavage
• To discuss the maps specially geological and topographic maps of an area
• To teach the students “How to develop a cross section and a profile from a map of a
structurally disturbed area
Evaluation Criteria
Assignments/Projects: 20%
Quizzes: 15%
Mid-Term Exam: 25%
Final Term Exam: 40%
WEEK 1
• Introduction to the subject, objective and relation with the other fields of Geology
• Some basics related to the subject like Bed, Rock, strata, Dip and Strike, Tectonic
Plates, Sediment, sedimentary rock, metamorphic and igneous rocks
• Stress and Strain (Basics for the Structural Geology and Tectonics)
WEEK 2
• Internal Structure of the earth
• Introduction to Plate Tectonics, Major plates of the Earth and their movements
• Continental Drift
WEEK 3
• Sea Floor Spreading
• Review of different theories about the plate movements (Convection)
• Tectonic Plate Boundaries
WEEK 4
• Mantle Plumes and their origin.
• Introduction to Orogenic process
WEEK 5
• Brief Introduction to the tectonic events in Pakistan causes the main deformation in
Pakistan
• Concept of Strain and different Stages of Strain
• Attitude of Bed Strike and Dip Concept, Bearing Concept and how to calculate them
in field
WEEK 6
• Folds (Introduction, Parts of a Fold, Anticline and Syncline concept)
• Classification of Folds
• Quiz 1
WEEK 7
• Fold Classification
• Faults (Introduction, general characteristics and nature of movement along Fault )
• Classification of Faults and introduction to the parts of a faults
WEEK 8
• An Introductory View about Recognition of Faults in the Field
• Unconformities
WEEK 9
• Introduction to the Tectonics of Pakistan and young Fold and Thrust Belt in Pakistan
• Quiz 2
WEEK 10
• Joints and Fractures (Introduction, Mechanism)
• Classification of Joints
WEEK 11
• Introduction to Mapping, Basic Parameters of mapping
• Geological Maps
• Topographic Maps
WEEK 12
• Quiz 3
• Introduction to Cleavage./Foliation
• Classification of Cleavage/Foliation
WEEK 13
• Mapping Exercise 1
• Mapping Exercise 2
WEEK 14
• Map Exercise 3
• Quiz 4
WEEK 15
• Introduction to the Geological Study in the Field
• Introduction to the Instruments frequently used in Geological field Excursion
WEEK 16
• Discussion about the issues and problems in the course taught
• Revision
Recommended Books
3- Structural Geology (3rd Edition)

Marland P. Billings
4- Structural Geology
Robert J. Twiss and Eldridge M. Moore
5- Tectonic Processes
Darrel Weyman
6- Global Tectonics
Philip Kearey & Frederick J. Vine
5- The Evolving Earth

Frederick J. Sawkins & Clement G. Chase

Courses 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Courses 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

FACULTY OF EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

WEEK NO. COURSE TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

WEEK NO. COURSE SUBJECT / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ,ISLAMABAD

Tentative Weekly Teaching Plan

• Finding deltas algebraically and exercises

• Some problems using Fourier Transfrom.

Bahria University, Islamabad Campus

Attendance, Assignments and Quizzes

Assignments/projects: 15+5= 20%

Assignments Delivery of Assignments Submission date

2 1st Hour Exercises on continuity.

2nd Hour Derivatives of Trigonometric/inverse Trign./ Hyperbolic

3rd Hour Indeterminate forms and L’ Hospital Rule, examples

MAT-110 Calculus and Analytical Geometry (3CH)

Week4 - Symmetry operation

Week 9 Mid Term Exam

Week 18 Review & Final Exam

2. Lab exercises are done to learn ore microscopic techniques and to

MID- TERM EXAM. # 1

11. Evaporites. Deposits of salt, gypsum. Calcrete –hosted deposits.

12. Residual and mechanical concentration. Placer deposits. Laterites.

Course Title: English II

Attendance :Regularity and Punctuality

Conduct and Behaviour

WEEK NO. COURSE SUBJECT / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

Language and its importance in the communication process

Characteristics 0f Message sender and Receiver

Different forms of Communication(verbal and Non-Verbal)

Dealing with arguments

Analyzing themes of written text

Interactive exercise (opinions, agreeing and disagreeing)

Cutting Edge :Students Book (inc. mini-dictionary)

Author: Cunningham, Sarah & Moor, Peter

Book: New Headway Intermediate

Author: Soars, John & Soars, Liz

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Publication Date: 1996

Course Title: English I

Attendance :Regularity and Punctuality

Conduct and Behaviour

• Use of Grammar in context

PROGRAM: BS Environmental Sciences

Book: English Grammar Word by Word

Book:Oxford Companion to the English Language

WEEK NO. COURSE TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

WEEK NO. COURSE TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

WEEK NO. COURSE TOPIC / TITLE TO BE TAUGHT

38. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Role of Density

39. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Corrections on

40. Isostasy and its hypotheses; Quiz No. 1; Introduction to Magnetic

41. Magnetic Induction; Magnetic Susceptibility; Mechanism for induced

42. Questioning Session on the Reading Assignment; Magnetic Field

43. Magnetometers; Modes of Acquiring Magnetic Data; Magnetic Cleanliness;

45. MID TERM EXAMINATION

47. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; DC- Resistivity

48. Current Flow in layered media; Variations of apparent resistivities in the

49. Quiz no. 3; Introduction to Seismic Exploration Technique; Refraction and

50. Questioning session on the reading assignment passage; Elastic and

52. Seismic Reflection Method; Processing of Seismic Reflection Data;

53. Quiz No. 4; Introduction to Radioactive Exploration Technique and Well