ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES

R SAHAY

eQube

ENERGY CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION Conservation(Noun)- is a deliberate planned guarding and protecting of Something felt as precious SYNONYMS Preservation, Salvation, Saving.

ENERGY CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION Is not sacrifice Is not compromise Is not cutting corners

WHY ?
RESOURCE CRUNCH NEED OF HOUR FOR OUR FUTURE GENERATIONS ETC ETC

GANDHIJIs TAKE

Earth provides enough to satisfy every mans need, but not every mans Greed

MOBILE PHONES
DO YOU KNOW

Normally we charge our handsets once every day for an hour. (Some leave the set charging overnight) On an average the handsets consume 4-5 watts for charging. Every day we consume 4watthour energy. Hence monthly bill 4 x 30 = 120watthour or 0.12KWHr i.e. 60paise per month. WHO CARES. WHY BOTHER
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MOBILE PHONES
DO YOU KNOW

Now as per the mobile telephony companies, we have 80crore subscriber in India. Assuming 70% of that is correct figure, then we have 56crore users. Now 56crore x 4 watt hour every day. 56x107 x 4 = 224x107 WattHr every day i.e. 2240x103 KWHr every day Or 2240MWHr.
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TELEVISION
DO YOU KNOW

We watch TV for 4-6 hours every day, ie. For 18-20 hours the TV is not used. We have 20crore TVs in India (1/6th of population). Assuming 70% of them operate with remote controls and 50% of the remote control TVs are switched off using only the remote set. (the nos. are much more, hotels, shops etc.) The TV consumes 8 watts of power when switched OFF from remote, i.e. consumes 8x16=108WattHr every day. i.e. the country consumes 20x107 x 0.7x 0.5x 108WHr = 756x107WattHr every day or 7560MWHr every day, without being used.

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COMPUTERS
DO YOU KNOW

Similarly computers are used 8-10 hours a day in an office and the rest of the 14-16 hours is idle. It consumes 8watts in log off mode, i.e. when not being shut down and switched off from the power input. In India there are over 1crore desktops. Assuming 50% (only) of them do not switch off from the source, we consume 1x107 x 0.5 x 8 x 16 Hrs= 64x107 WattHrs or 640MWhrs per day.
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OTHERS
DO YOU KNOW

Add others the list is long - Mosquito Tranquiliser 5-7 watts often left on for full 24Hours. 2-3 per home - Night lamp 10-12 watts sometimes left ON for 24 Hours. 2-3 per home. - Printers and Fax machines 3-5 watts always left ON in offices, sometimes in shops. - Microwave Oven 3-5 watts few in nos. sometimes left on in houses.
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SUMMARY
Hence if we add Over 11,000MWHrs every day. (assuming only 600MWHrs for all others) This is lost at the user point. Transmission & distribution losses are 50% Power plant efficiency & load factor is 50% Hence energy lost by nation 11000 /0.5 / 0.5 = 44,000MWHrs/ day.
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DOMESTIC FRONT
ENERGY CONSUMERS Fridges Air Conditioners Geysers Lights Fans Pumps Iron (press) Ovens & Stoves

REFRIGERATORS
Continuous consumer. Keep the thermostat @ min cool Keep the doors open for minimum time Cool hot items to room temperature before storing. If freezer cabinet is frozen, then de-frost ASAP. Check for gasket leakages. Keep as much material in refrigerator as possible. An empty refrigerator consumes more energy as compared to a loaded one.

REFRIGERATORS
Keep the refrigerator in well ventilated area. Keep refrigerators of the size required and not desired. Cook fresh and eat fresh.

AIR CONDITIONERS
Keep condensers in well ventilated area. Keep condensers in cool/ shaded areas. Keep condenser coil clean. Keep room units filters clean. Keep thermostat at 24-25o C and not 22o C or less. Use required size air conditioners only. While sleeping set the temperature at 26o C.

GEYSERS
Use Solar geysers Use gas geysers DO NOT USE ELECTRIC GEYSERS. 1 gas cylinder will last for 4-6 months for a family of 6 as compared to Rs. 1500/- per month of electric geyser bill. Set water temperature @ 42o C or less for bathing.

LIGHTS
Use only as much as required. Use CFL for small confined spaces, while T-5 tube lights for large areas/ halls. Low illumination 24hr usages can be with LED lamps. Use 0.5w LED lamps as night lamps. Use as much day/ sun light as possible. Force habit of switching off lights when not in use.

FANS
Use high efficiency fans. Use longer blade fans. Use electronic regulators stepped ones. In case going in for new construction/ development use DC fans which consume 50% of the AC fan power and at low speeds consume 30% power. Bearing lubrication/ greasing is important. Use only as much is required.

WATER PUMPS
Size the pump correctly. Use low flow pumps for longer duration as compared to high flow pumps. For sump to terrace pumps try using solar powered pumps. Avoid using re-wound motor pumps. Reduce water consumption and wastage. Use low flow taps & showers. Try one day no overhead water tank usage. Measure usage.

IRON
Use as much as required. Use at as low temperatures as possible. Use residual heat for small items. Segregate clothes in order of low heat - high heat and low heat requirements and then start ironing. In case using for thick cotton clothes use heavier irons, for rest use light weight irons. Use spray/ water for crease requirements.

OVENS & STOVES

Use microwave ovens more than direct flame ovens. Avoid using electric ovens Solar ovens are available good enough for baking. Induction tops are good for low temperature warming. Use only as much as required. Cook fresh - Eat fresh.

COMMERCIAL & OFFICE

Keep Air Conditioning system temperatures at 24-25o C. Use lights only to the extent required. Keep properly sealed windows and doors. Supplement AC with fans wherever possible. Become the conscience keeper for energy wastage in work place.

LARGE OFFICE/ INDUSTRY

USE PROFESSIONAL HELP

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISITING HVAC SYSTEMS

consumers
Chillers AHUs Pumps Cooling Towers Ventilation Systems

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contributors
Chillers 50% - 55% AHUs 20% - 25% Pumps 8 - 10% Cooling Towers 1% - 2% Ventilation Systems 12% - 15%

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chillers
Performance is dependant upon Chilled water outlet temperature Condenser water inlet temperature Optimum refrigerant charge Proper heat exchanger cleanliness

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Distribution System
Performance is dependant upon Operating pump at its best efficiency points. Operating AHU at its least static head Avoiding of thermal losses Proper air and water balancing.

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Common Practices
Operate chiller at 10-12oC Switch on the Chiller and AHU 1 hour before the office time. Switch Off chiller 1-2 hours before close of office . Start 1 chiller in morning and as return water temperature increases start the 2nd one and so on.
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Common Practices
Run as many primary pump as many chillers, but operate all of secondary pumps as per full load design. Operate AHUs at 40-45Hz in summer and 3538Hz in winter. Bypass the controls whenever you receive a complaint and manually satisfy the user at that instance. Close Fresh air dampers.
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Specific Actions
Ensure that the actual room temperature is read/ picked up by the temperature sensor. Compare with simple instruments and sensor reading. Ensure that the control valves open and close as per the expected logic. Check with reducing the set point in thermostat and holding it alternatively. BE PATIENT
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NEXT STEPS - AIR

Minimise the duct leakage. Check the temperature above the false ceiling and AHU room and compare with the conditioned space temperature. If low, then leakage is high. Seal ducts.

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Next Step - AHU

Ensure that the sensor is located in the right place and sensing the return air. Ensure that the AHU VFD ramps down as per the logic of the controller. Ensure that the valve closes to the extent required. Do this for all the AHUs. Always start from AHU. BE PATIENT
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Next Step Water Distribution

Ensure that the Pump VFD ramps down to the extent required. Ensure that the secondary pump water flow is same or lower than primary pump flow. Ensure that the AHU water inlet temperature is same or close to the chiller outlet temperature. In case the pumps operate at very low frequency, change the motor. BE PATIENT

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Equipment Performance
Once all other work is done, then cross check the equipment performance and their efficiency. Start from Cooling Tower evaluation. AHU evaluation. Then pumps. Last chillers.
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Retrofit / Replacement
Based on the performance evaluation and efficiency, suggest changes in the equipment/ process. In case can think of innovative strategies to reduce energy consumption after ensuring that distribution and low side is efficient. Be very careful in suggesting change of strategies, with proper estimate of THr & KWHr and not just TR and KW.
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SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES
Cooling Tower WB approach set at 5oF. Coil & Chiller T increased. Pump Pressure drop reduced. Separation of sensible and latent load done. 100% Fresh Air system based on ambient conditions. Conversion to primary only system.
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GENERAL
- Designate empowered energy manager at home preferably children. - Become the energy champion in colony/ apartment block. - Take lead in demonstrating energy saving and reduction in bills. - Do not get carried away by sales talk and gadgets.

Be proud and happy of having conserved energy and saved money. It is infectious.

WHAT IT TAKES
IT TAKES ONLY ONE PERSON TO START ENERGY CONSERVATION ONLY ONE SECOND TO START ENERGY CONSERVATION ONLY RS. 75LAKHS TO CONSERVE 1MW OF POWER 1MW SAVED AT THE USER END SAVES 2MW OF POWER GENERATION 2MW OF POWER GENERATION REDUCTION RESULTS IN 4MW OF PRIMARY FUEL USAGE/ IMPORT

WHAT IT TAKES
SAME EFFORT TO STOP SMOKING? SAME EFFORT TO REDUCE WEIGHT? SAME EFFORT TO GET UP IN COLD WINTER MORNING? SAME EFFORT TO RESIST SWEET FOR A DIABETIC?

DECISION

DEPLOYMENT

DETERMINATION

WHAT IT ACHIEVES
1 MW CONSERVED CAN BRING BRIGHTNESS IN LIVES OF 40000 FAMILIES. CAN IRRIGATE 200 ACRES OF FARM LANDS. SAVES THE COUNTRY 4.5LAKH TONNES OF COAL PER YEAR. CAN PUMP DRINKING WATER TO HALF THE STATE. CAN SAVE THE STATE Rs. 7 CRORES. CAN HELP EDUCATE 12000 KIDS FOR A YEAR DOES NOT DISPLACE ANY VILLAGE/ SETTLEMENT INCREASES EMPLOYEE MORAL

Be proud and happy of having conserved energy and saved resource & contributed to nation building . It is infectious.

 NOTHING IN THE ABOVE PRESENTATION IS COPYRIGHTED & SECRET WITHIN THIS 4 WALLS. NO CASE OF INFRINGMENT OF PATENTS WILL BE RAISED. REMEMBER EACH & EVERY ISSUES. PLEASE SPREAD EACH AND EVERY WORD AND INTENT OF THIS PRESENTATION TO FAMILY, NEIGHBOURS, COLLEAGUES. START MONITORING AND CONSERVING AT HOME. TARGET 8-10KWhrs/ m2/Yr OR 7KWhrs/m2 /month

WARNING

THANK YOU & JAI HIND QUESTIONS eQube

sahay@eqube.co.in