Police Operational Planning

By Oscar Gatchalian Soriano B.S. Crim, MSBA, MACrim, PhDCrim Introduction The task of preparing a police plan and program can not be completed without an in-depth study and considerable preliminary injury before the outlining decision and program of action for future implementation. In such cases, the person to whom the responsibility has been delegated must work out all the details completely. All the legwork of gathering the pertinent data must be perform, after the approach to the problem has been carefully planned, and a line of procedure derived. Ordinary, concise, briefs, and to the point plan and program and action should be prepared , so that the end user implementing the project, Such a plan and program should be supplemented by a more detailed concept of operation and appropriate agenda, which may refereed to in the event further particulars are desired. Definition of Police Planning It is a systematic and continuous process of preparing a set of decision for action in the future, directed in achieving goal by optimal means and of learning from the outcome about the possible new sets of decision and new goals to be achieved. Definition of Police Program It is a plan of what is to be done or a set of instructions outlining the steps to be performed in a specific and operational undertaking of a police organization. Other Definition of Police Planning 1. The process of combining all aspect of the department and the realistic anticipation of future problem, the analysis of strategy to detail. 2. The use of rational design or pattern of all department undertakings rather than relying on chance. 3. The act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the police organization. Purpose of Police Planning 1. It implements policy and clarifies it by defining more precisely an immediate objective and purpose and outlining what is to be done to achieve it. 2. A plan and program serves as a guide or reference on both training and performance and simplifies the direction of group members. 3. The planning the programming process gives continued attention to the improvement of practices and procedure. 4. A plan and program enables a check on accomplishment thereby affecting control. 4. Wise planning and programming assures the most effective and economical use of resources in accomplishing organizational purpose. Classification of Police Planning and Programming. 1. Reactive Almost all police organizations engage at one time or another in reactive planning and programming, that is they develop a plan in response to crisis or when forced to do implement a decisions made by some other person. 2. Contingency Contingency planning and programming envisions the possibility that some SPECIAL INCIDENT such as riot, hostage situation, or major transportation disaster may occur and is based on the organizations wish to be prepared when it does occur, the plan and program often results from the lesson learned by other organizations that had face similar events and found that their preparation had been inadequate

3. Strategic Strategic Planning requires the organizations to set goals of at least five years into the future and devise steps that need to be taken to achieve goals. 4. Operational Efficiency In operational efficiency planning and programming, current processes are reviewed, and recommendations for improvements are made. Example of that type of planning and programming are resource allocation studies, studies of investigative efficiency, the examination of patrol procedures. This planning and programming process often consist of short term, one-time projects, although the planning and programming really should be conducted to be use wisely as condition change. Sequence of Planning and Programming Process 1. Setting Planning and Programming Goals Normally, the first planning and programming question is what needs to be accomplished? what is the desired future steps? The obviousness of the answer may depend on the kind of planning and programming being done. 2. Preparing for Planning and Programming Successful planning and Programming requires that some ongoing planning assignment be made, someone must do the planning and programming, although who is this may vary depending on the level or subject of planning or programming. 3. Identifying the Problems The first step in beginning to identifying problems is to assess the present situation, describing the current state of affairs that may involve in scanning the environment, performing research and otherwise both inside and outside the organization. 4. Identifying and Analyzing Alternative Solutions Once a problem is identified, alternative courses of action must be building out for analysis. The planner and programmer should consider the extent to which the different courses of action and the criteria for judging the strength of each courses of action. In other words, once the goal are set, different ways of reaching them must be analyzed and asses. Significance and Importance of Planning and Programming The increasing complexity of police operation demands the utmost skill and careful, planning in order to ensure the accomplishments of police objectives the missions. Planning and programming process must be done in all police organization regardless of size. People Responsible in Planning and Programming Process In organization of medium size or larger, there is a need for planning unit to assist the police executives in his administrative duty of planning, point out to operating personnel and to supervisor the need for plans, and urge their preparation and development. In smaller organization, the responsibility for staff planning may be given to an officer in addition to these studies. Planning must include the experience of the line officers, the facts of the statistician, the opinion of the analysis, the ideas of every member of the force and the counsel and advice of every divisions or offices that may play a part in the executions of plans. Responsibility in Planning and Programming Police planning shall be done both within and without the organization. The main concern of the police in external policy planning is assisting the legislature of the city or municipal council in determining police guidelines through the passage of appropriate laws and ordinances and resolutions for the police to enforce. On the other hand, the police executive shall be responsible for establishing internal operational policies to achieve the objectives and missions of police organizations. The police executives shall be responsible for planning, reporting, and budgeting for the police organization within existing policies and available resources. For police maximum effectiveness he shall responsible for the technical operation of the plice organization and the management of its personnel. Steps in Planning and Programming

1. Frame of Reference This shall be based on a careful selection on the matters relating to the situation for which plans are being develop, and opinions of ideas of persons who may speak with authority on the subject concerned. 2. Clarifying the problems This call for the identification of the problem understanding both its record and its possible solutions. 3. Collection all Pertinent Facts Both attempts shall be made to develop a plan until facts relating to it have been gathered. 4. Analyzing the facts After all data have been gathered, a careful analysis and evaluation shall be made. 5. Developing alternative Plans In the initial phases of plan development, several alternative measures will appear to be logically comparable to the needs of a situation. 6. Selecting the most appropriate Alternative A careful consideration of all facts usually leads to the selection of a best of alternative proposal. 7. Selling the plan A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted be persons concerned at the appropriate level of the plans development. 8. Arranging for Executions of the Plan. The execution of a plan requires the issuance of orders and directives to unit personnel concerned the establishment of a schedule, and the provisions of manpower and equipment for carrying out the plans. 9. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the plan The results of the plan shall be determined, this necessary in order to know whether a correct alternative was chosen, whether the plan was correct, which phase was poorly implemented, whether additional planning may be necessary. Three Types of Police Plan According to Range 1. Short Range 2. Medium Range 3. Long Range ------1 year 2 years 3 years

Types of Research Useful in making Police Plan 1. Fact finding research 2. Conclusion Oriented 3. Decisions Oriented 4. Action Research Job Description of Police Planner To assist and advise the police executives in the areas of plans and programs that are beyond the immediate operational and tactical range: organizational and force development, policies, doctrines and regulations, legislative, interagency and international affairs: arms and equipment research projects and requirements that are needed for the effective and efficient administration and operation of police organization. Mission Statement

1. Formulates and superlatives the 3executions of plans and programs, to include organizational and force development that are beyond the immediate operational and tactical range. 2. Develops and monitors the implementations of policies, doctrines and regulations in collaboration with the other police offices. 3. Liaisons with law making body and prepare position papers on pertinent legislative agenda. 4. Liaisons with government and non government agencies and participates in joint planning activities. 5. Takes staff action on matters pertaining to research, development and test arms and equipment of the police organization 6. Liaisons with the international foreign body and staff action on foreign bilateral and multilateral matters and international commitments. 7. Undertakes special studies and research projects and make position papers needed for the effective and efficient administration and operation of the police organization. 8. Prepares accomplishments reports of the police organizations 9. Maintain and manages the central records system of the police organization. 10. Provides secretarial services to the police organizations weapons system Boards, rules and regulations Board and other related bodies. 11. Perform other functions as may be directed by the proper authorities Characteristics of Effective Police Planning 1. Clearly defined objective and goals 2. Simplicity 3. Flexibility 4. Possibility of Attainment 5. Provisions for Standard Operation 6. Economy in terms of resources needed for implementation 7. Anticipated effect or effects on future operations. Objectives in the execution of Police Plan 1. Protection of persons and properties 2. Preservation of the peace 3. Prevention of crime 4. Repression or suppression of criminal activities 5. Apprehension of criminals 6. Enforcement of laws and ordinance 7. Safeguarding of public health and morals 8. Prompt execution of criminal writs processes courts 9. Coordination and cooperation with other enforcement agencies Definition of Police Plan The plan is the result of planning of proposal design to guide and direct to be performed by the police organization Definition of Police Programs It is a general statement of direction in, which is not necessary, measurable but nonetheless expresses in an organizations intent. Types of Police Plan 1. Procedural Are those plans relating to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and are useful as guides to personnel, in such activity as the serving and processing of search warrant, recording and processing of traffic citation, these procedural plan must be reviewed from time to time as the for changes arises to increase operational efficiency. 2. Tactical Are those plans which are prepared to meet exigencies encountered by police, such as whispered civil disorders, unusual crimes problems, civil defense needs or major disasters, this plants are prepared considerably in advance of expected incidents and are largely based on field intelligence supplied by supervisory personnel and the expertise they are able to provide in assessing future needs.

These plans are designed to guide personnel in controlling unusual happenings and restoring order as quickly and as efficiently as possible. The method of control are substantially the same as ordinary police operations but must be expanded to meet the requirements of each occurrence, it is necessary that such plans must be basic, flexible in nature and adaptable to modification as the need arises. 4. Auxiliary Services Are those plans, which implement normal operation such as in the recruitment of personnel, police community relation activities and the likes. 5. Fiscal Are those plans relates to those matters for budget preparation and use and control of funds allotted for personnel, equipment and supplies. Procedure and Classifying Police Plan During the preparation, a plan can have a higher security classification but latter it can be down graded to enable more people to have success. Implementation Process of Police Operational Plan The implementation process of police operational plan has been described as a system of pressure and counter pressures asking to political maneuvering in which constant negotiation goes on, police executives exercising considerable persuasion in their attempt to obtain desire result. In other sense, it is simply requires good solid management. Once a new plan or program has been designed, attention must be directed toward the following requirements. 1. Providing necessary resources, to include financial, material, personnel and authority 2. Providing direction so those employees know what to do and why. 3. Providing control to ensure that directions are followed.

What is Raid? It is a type of operation and it is an extreme measure used when all other measures or means fail. Definition of Police Raid A raid must be legal, having its basis in lawful process and conducted in a legal manner. This will be in a form of a search warrant or warrant of arrest. The raid may be in pursuit of a person reasonably believed to be guilty of a felony when it is known that the felony has just been committed. Objective and purposes of a police raid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Apprehend Suspect/s Secure evidences Recover Stolen Property Confiscate Contraband Prevent the Commission of the Crime.

Factors Affecting Success or Effectiveness of a Raid 1. Size of Raiding Party 2. Speed 3. Surprise 4. Superiority of Firepowers and Equipment 5. Simplicity of Plan and Operation Composition of Raiding Party 1. Raid Commander, Assistant Raid Commander, Covering or Surrounding Party. 1. Going Detail or Entering Party. 2. In-charge of Rendering Inoperative the subjects Vehicle, If any

3. Recorder, who should keep accurate logs of the raid, gathers evidence, make inventories and testify in court. 4. In-charge of the Raiding Vehicle 5. Photographer Duties of Covering Party 1. Covers approach of going in detail or entering party 2. Prevents the escape of criminals. 3. Covers the entire area of the building. 4. Neutralizing fire of barricade criminals Duties of Going In Detail of Entering Party 1. Calls foe surrender of criminals 2. Effects arrests 3. Incapacities and dislodges criminals 4. Searches for evidence Factors to be Considered in Planning a Raid 1. The terrain and building should be subjected close study 2. In order to obtain the necessary data for planning, a reconnaissance/ surveillance of the place should be conducted. 3. The participants should be informed of the nature of the mission. 4. The specific assignment and position each member of the raiding party the tactics to be employed, the equipment and transportation to be used the evaluation of possible danger points, and the optimum time to be selected should be stressed. Things to be Considered When Planning a Raid 1. Need for surveillance 2. Number of individual to be apprehend. Are they armed? With what? If uncertain, assume they are armed. 3. Are photographs and description of subject available for use in the briefing. 4. Determine the physical structure of thr place where the criminals are located. 5. Determine all possible route. 6. Need to discreetly photograph the place and immediate area. 7. Type of neighborhood where the hideout is located. 8. Volume and kind of activities in the neighborhood at various times, to determine the most desirable time conduct the raid. 9. Street plans of neighborhood for possible roadblocks. 10. Do the men have confidence in the ability of the raid leader. 11. Consider the 5s affecting the success or effectiveness of a raid. 12. Does every members of the raiding groups know the raid plan completely. The identities and duties of individuals. 13. What is your move-out plan. 14. what are the instructions concerning the possible handling of traffic. 15. What are the instructions concerning the use of firearms. 16. What are the instruction concerning communications, signals, etc. 17. How do you identify each other? Armbands, passwords, insigna, etc. 18. Make sure your plan avoid crossfire. 19. Do you have all the equipment you might need, such as flashlights, searchlights, vehicle, transceivers, loudspeakers or megaphone, firearms, teargas, etc.? 20. Ask each participant to repeat his duties to he raid leader. Principles of Raid Operation 1. Coordination of individual effort is an essential element is the success of raid. 2. The raiding party should act as a team. 3. The members of the team should hold his assigned position until orders given by the team leader. 4. The members of the team should thoroughly understand the objectives, the plan of actions and the orders. 5. Before leaving the headquarters to proceed to the target, the team leader must conduct a final briefing or personnel.

6. After assembly of the men at the designed area that should not too be close to the target area, they should not assume the appearance of a formal gathering. 7. The raiders vehicle should be safeguarded to [prevent use by the subject/s and or target/s. 8. Vehicles belonging to the subjects should be rendered inoperative by the simplest available means. 9. A cordon should be posted, depending upon the availability of men, to prevent possible escape and restrain people from wandering. 10. In the event the suspect/s fails to heed the warning to surrender, entry must be made through one point so that the raider will not mistake one another. 11. As soon as the raid is completed, guards should be left to protect the property and to observe or apprehend associates of the suspect. 12. The raiders then reassemble at a designated place for final accounting of all members of the raiding team. Coordination with Local police Units It is imperative the immediately before the service of a search warrant of warrant of arrest, the team leader should see to it that proper coordination is made with local police executive have a jurisdiction over the target premises. The coordinating party is bound merely to relay that their team is conductive operation in the area. This gesture of coordination is only a manifestation of courtesy but also a measure to avoid the possibility of a mistake encounter. Donts in a Raid 1. Dont take unnecessary chances. 2. Dont underestimate the ability encourage of the subject/s. 3. Dont raid when not properly prepared. 4. Dont endanger the lives of by-standers innocent people. 5. Dont use raiders well not acquainted with each other. 6. Dont forget gas masks when employing tear gas. 7. Dont be unnecessarily rough on the subject/s. 8. Dont shoot to kill unless very imperative. 9. Dont touch the evidence unless seen by witness, or by the owner or occupants of the place. What are the Things to be Seized at the Scene of the Raid 1. Weapons, which may be, use against the raiding party. 2. Articles that might be used as means of suicide. 3. Articles that might be used in escaping. 4. Articles that might be used in the commission of a crime. 5. Proceeds or fruits of the crime. Disposition of Money and Other Valuable Property During Raid 1. Money should be counted and the serial number of bills noted. 2. Valuables should be sealed in a property envelope in the presence of the owner. 3. Property envelope should show a complete inventory of it contents. 4. The owner should initial the outside of the envelope showing approval of its contents. 5. Raiding officers should sign their names on the outer part of the envelope. 6. A receipt should be given to the prisoner. However, this is qualified by the decisions of the supreme Court declaring as inadmissible in evidence the receipt for property seized signed by the accused, in cases where mere possession of the items seized in punishable. Disposition of Articles not Covered with Search Warrant. 1. 2. 3. If the articles are illicit or contraband, the same must be seized. Such articles may be used as evidence to prosecute the person. Non-contraband articles must be returned to the owners or must not be seized in the first place.

Duty of Arresting Officers Arresting units shall at all times take the mug shots; modus operandi through the conduct of criminal interrogation, and fingerprints of all arrested persons for master file and rouges gallery. Definition of Search.

Search is an examination of an individual person, house of effects, or other buildings and premises to discover contraband or some evidence of guilt to be used in the prosecution of a criminal action. What are the Things to be Search 1. Property subject of the offense. 2. Property stolen or embezzled and other proceeds or fruits of the crime. 3. Property used or intended to be used for committing an offense. May Things Illegally Seized be Admitted as Evidence The fruit of an illegal of an illegal search are inadmissible as evidence. Any evidence obtained in violation of the right of the people against unlawful searches and seizures shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceedings. May Articles not Mentioned in the search Warrant be Seized Generally, articles not included in the search warrant may not be seized. However, articles prohibited by statue, although not included in the search warrant, may be seized. Thus, is during the progress of a bonafide search for other commodities illegally possesses, whether with search warrant or not, contrabands or items declared illegal per se are discovered, the contraband can be seized. The seizure by statutes, violates, no constitutional rights. How to Serve a Search Warrant A Search Warrant must be served within 10(ten) days from its date, thereafter shall be void, and in the following manner: 1. The police officer concerned must go to the place indicated in the search warrant and take the things described therein, in the presence of at least one (1) competent witness who is a resident of the same neighborhood. 2. The search must be made at daytime, unless otherwise stated. 3. The officer seizing the property must issue a detailed receipt of the things seized to the persons whose possessions it was found, or in the absence of such person, he must, in the presence of at least one (1) witness, leave such receipt in the place where such things were seized. 4. As mush as possible during the opening of safes, drawers, cabinets, tables, etc., the lifting of articles should be done by the owner of the house or his representative, or by immediate members of his family to preclude any suspicion of planting evidence. 5. Thereafter, the officer must immediately deliver tings or property seized to the judge who issued the search warrant together with an inventory duly verified under oath. Lawful Warrantless Search 1. When there is consent or waiver. 2. When evidence to be seized is in plain view. 3. Customs search or searches made at airports and or seaports in order to collect duties. 4. Search of moving vehicles may be made without warrant because it would be impracticable to secure a warrant before engaging in hot pursuit. 5. Routine searches made at or in the interest of national security such as boarder checks and or checkpoints. 6. Stop-and- search or stop-and- frisk, where the search precedes the arrest, and is allowed on grounds of reasonable suspicion. 7. Search incidental to lawful arrest. Search of Persons Arrested 1. Probe, do not pat a female operatives should be used to search female suspects. 2. The need to handcuff the subjects. 3. Look for prohibited items or evidences. 4. Look for items, which may be used to commit suicides. 5. Searches should never cross the line of fire. 6. Do not talk to the suspect while in the course of search. 7. Do not grant subjects request to attend something before, during or immediately after the search. 8. In a search by a single officer, have the gun ready with the gun at a distance 9. Be sure to search every part of the body and clothing. Types of Search

Wall Search The purpose is to place the subject in an off-balanced position requiring the use of both arms and legs to keep him from falling the ground. This is the safest type of search. It does not necessarily require a wall, any object that can support the weight of the subject can be used. The procedures are: .)1 Require the subject to place both hands on the wall slightly higher than his waist. Spread hands as far as possible. Palms should be placed against the wall, finger extended. .)2 Extend the subjects feed back away from the wall. Spread them as far as possible, toes pointed out. Buttocks should on arch position. .)3 The subjects he should be down or bowed at all times. .)4 Follow the hereunder mechanics in executing the wall search. a. If there is only one (1) subject, the leader of the searching team should place himself at one side, while his subordinate is in the other side. b. To search the other side, the subordinate should move to the opposite side. c. If there are two (2) or three (3) subjects, move one subject to be search on the wall, but out of reach of the others. d. Search both sides of subject, the leader conducting the searches and the subordinate guarding the other subject. e. Move one (1) subject at a time. f. The subordinate should concentrate on the actions of the subject and not on the action of the leader. g. When there are more than three (3) subjects, additional personnel should be summoned. h. In serious apprehensions, the searcher should hold his weapon in ready position all throughout the search. I. The body must be search systematically with the foot of the researcher place tightly against the subjects foot, right with right, left with left, anklebone against anklebone. j. Remove any object found, then examine the palm of the hand, including between the fingers. 2. Standing Search 1. Raise subjects hand over his head and spread the feet as far as possible. 2. This is not recommend because the subject is an on balance position. 3. Kneeling search 1.) Subject kneels on the ground with hand raised 2.) This is also being discourage for the same reason as the standing search. 1. Prone Search 1.) Subject lies on his stomach with arms and legs outstretched. 2.) Subject has both arms and legs free and it at all times in an on-balance position. 3.) Front part of the clothing cannot be searched. 4.) This can be extremely dangerous if the subject has knowledge of judo. Arrest Defined Arrest is the taking of person into custody of the law in order that he may be duty bound to answer for the commission of an offense. Who are exempted from Arrest: 1. senators or members of the House of representatives, while the congress is in session in all offenses punishable by not more than six (6) years 2. Diplomatic officials and their domestics. Techniques in Making Arrest 1. Initial Contact with the subject 1. Police officer identifies in a clear and audible voice. 2. Show identification 3. Inform the subject that he is under arrest, and immediately narrate the subjects constitutional rights. 4. Consider the possibility that the subject is wanted for other crimes. 2. Conduct of Arresting Officer 1. Be natural and pleasant but forceful and aggressive.

1.

2. Dominate the situation. 3. Voice must have command authority. 4. Demand prompt and absolute obedience. 5. Nervousness should be controlled. 6. Avoid profanity, this reflects personality weakness. 7. Avoid acting tough as a subject will be the first to detect it. 8. Avoid being 9. Avoid unnecessary conversation. 10. Officer-In charge does the talking and gives the command. Police Officer Making the Arrest 1. Use good judgment connection with the arrest. 2. Assume that the subject is armed and will take your life if given an opportunity Procedure of Arrest on the Street 1. This should be made from the side or rear when possible. 2. Subject should be forced toward a building. 3. Avoid congested areas when possible. Procedures of Arrest at Home, Office, or Business Establishment 1. Restricts the subjects movement. Do not grant request for personal privileges before being searched. 2. Clothing other things requested should be examined for weapons or items of evidence before turning them over the suspects. Medical Examinations of Arrested Persons Immediately after the arrest of a person ordered arrested by the court, or a suspect under investigation, he should be subjected to a medical examination. Prior to his release or of any change of custody, the suspect should also be medically examine by a medical-legal officer or, in the absence of such medico-legal officer or, in the absence of such medico legal officer, by any government physician in the area. General Rules to Be Observe In the Conduct of Police Operations 1. Under all circumstances, the use of force, including firearms, is justifiable only by virtue of the doctrines of self defense and defense of strangers. As started by the Supreme Court, nobody, including the police and even the military, is above, but subject to the law. 2. The use of force, especially firearms, shall be applied only as last resort, when all other peaceful and non violent means have been exhausted. 3. Whenever resulted to, only necessary and reasonable force sufficient to conduct self-defense, defense of a stranger and/or subdue/ overcome the clear and eminent danger posse or resistance being put up by a malefactor or group shall be applied. 4. In case of actual shoot-out with the suspect, panic firing shall be avoided else follows suit. The police officer in-charge of the operation shall see to it that he exercises the control over his men and that they shall fire only when necessary. 5. The police officer shall ensure that no innocent bystanders are hit. Hence, extreme caution shall be observed when firing in congested areas. Here the practical rules of shooting only to save life could well be applied. 6. After a shoot-out, the police officer shall check whether the suspect is still alive or has been neutralized. In case the suspect has been wounded and disable, he shall be brought with adequate security to the nearest hospital for medical treatment. 7. The police siren and megaphone shall be used to influence/warn the offenders/suspects to stop and peacefully give up. 8. The use of force specially firearms, shall be tempered with such considerations as keeping foremost in the law enforcers minds the safety of the hostage, avoiding crossfire casualties and preventing collateral damages to third parties. Reasonable force to neutralize the vehicle and enemy/suspects resistance is sufficient. 9. In the case of an avoidable engagement with the criminal elements, immediate removal of the casualties from the crime scene shall be undertaken after the necessary sketches, pictures and other investigative requirements are accomplished. The victim bodies shall always be segregated from those of the suspects. All SOPs of crime scene investigation shall be strictly followed.

10. Human Rights shall be strictly observed and respected at all times. Special Rules in Arrest 1.) All arrest shall be affected pursuant to Rules 113 of the Rules on Criminal Procedures, as amended. 2.) Warrant of arrest shall remain effective until the accused/respondent is arrested or the case against him is terminated. It shall also cease to be effective upon released of the accused on bail. 3.) In the accused/ respondents is not arrested within ten (10) days from receipt of the warrant of arrest of the office, unit or station concerned thru the service thereof, a report shall be submitted to the court of origin within ten (10) days following the expiration of the origin ten (10) days validity. In this case, only a Xerox copy of the warrant shall be attached to the report and the original shall be retained by the office, unit or station to whom it was delivered for execution. The unexecuted original copy of the warrant may be Xeroxed and furnished other law enforcement agencies, in the area where the accused/ respondents may be found. 4.) A peace officer or a private person may arrest a person without warrant when in his presence the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is about to commit an offense or he has personal knowledge of the facts indicating that person to be arrested is a prisoner who has committed, is actually committing, or is about to commit an offense; or he has a personal knowledge of the facts indicating that he person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from penal establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while his case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement or another. In all these instances, the arresting person shall observed strict compliance with the rules of arrest, and with due regard to the dignity and right of the individual to be arrested. The said arrest of any person without warrant shall disclose to a barangay official, or any person or known probity and integrity in the community before he is taken into the custody. The person arrested without warrant shall be forthwith be delivered to the nearest police station or jail, and shall proceeded against in accordance with the law. 5.) In all instances of arrest, the arresting peace officer or private person shall inform the person to be arrested on the intention to arrest him and cause for the arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the commission or after an escape or flees or forcibly resists before the officer or the person making the arrest has opportunity to inform him, or when the giving of such information will imperil the arrest. 6.) In the case of motorized suspect to be arrested, the siren megaphone shall be used to warn the occupants to part their vehicle and give-up peacefully. The arresting officer shall approach the person on foot with proper back up from his companions. The driver and the other suspect shall be requested to get out of the car with both hands visible to the apprehending officer. If the situation warrants the arrest, the apprehended suspects shall be brought to the police station for further investigation. Rules on Search and Seizures 1. The general rules is that a search and seizures must be carried through or with a judicial warrant, otherwise such search and seizure become unreasonable and thing seized in violation of this rule, shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any purpose in any proceeding. 2. Where the arrest of the accused is lawful, having been caught in flagrant delicto, there is a need for a warrant for the seizure of the fruit of the crime as well as for the body search upon him, the same being incidental to lawful arrest. 3. The warrantless search and seizure as an incident to a suspects lawful arrest may extent beyond the person of one arrested, to include the premises or surroundings under his immediate control. Rules on Check/ Choke Points 1. Only mobile checkpoints are authorized and they shall be established only in conjunction with ongoing operations/situations, or when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice. The conduct of searches and arrest in said checkpoints shall be done with civility and with due regard to the innocent passerby and commuters. The area where the checkpoints are established shall properly light, and eligible and clear signs shall be exhibited to show that the searchers are being conducted. Enforcement officers shall at all times be in uniform with their identification cards and nameplate on. The unit-manning checkpoint shall always be led by an officer with the rank of at least inspector. Strictly there shall be no mulcting, extortion or harassment of drivers, passengers, traders, etc.

2. In the event checkpoints/ roadblocks are ignored and the motorist/suspects bumped the roadblocks in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspections, the team leader shall automatically contact the adjacent units to inform them of the incident, and request them to set a roadblocks if necessary and conduct pursuit operation of the feeing motorist. Warning shot is not encourage due to the confusion it can create the driver/ passengers of the vehicles. Megaphone or police siren shall be used instead of warning shots. Notation of the plate number of the vehicle may elude the pursuit operation. 3. In the event of the occupants of the vehicle fire towards the personnel manning the checkpoints, overkill tendencies shall be avoided to avoid tragic and embarrassing situations, which adversely affect the police organization and the government, and in the process, reduced the peoples trust and confidence. Reasonable force to immobilize the vehicle and or neutralize the suspects resistance shall be sufficient. Planning Unlawful Assembly/ Civil Disturbance Operations Civil unrest seems to be indigenous to civilization, although there are times it is apparent in isolated situations or among small numbers of people. Laborers, students, and cause-oriented groups have been most prominent and dramatic in their efforts to effect immediate changes are social practices and standards. They conduct demonstration, sit-ins, teaching, and non-violent civil disobedience, which usually begins as non-destructive incidents but sometimes end in violence and bitter combat. Some movements include mass criminal conspiracies for the purpose of interfering with lawful processes. Other produce spontaneous riotous outburst out of ostensibly peaceful assembly. The continually recurring conditions of civil unrest and lawlessness throughout the country make it appears that it is possible for a major disturbance to occur at any and at any time when there are enough people for quorum. Given the right combination of factors, any situation involving large numbers of people may evolve or explode into an unlawful assembly. Without immediate decisive police action, the situation could quickly evolve into a full-scale riot. Indicators of Unlawful Assembly 1. An increase in the recurrence in the same rumor, or the sensationalism of rumors of similar design, such as alleged police abuse of people, and lost of trust and confidence on the government. 2. An increase in threatening or insulting assigns or pamphlets in commercial or other public places. 3. An increase in number of incidents of violence of threats of violence. 4. Disturbance at various locations that appear to be a similar nature as if designed to test the capabilities of the police organization or the decisiveness in the officer- in charge of an institution such as school, as a prelude to more serious action later. 5. More than the usual number of disturbance at places or entertaining or supporting events. 6. Factional gang fighting or warfare or a series or raids on parties and places of peaceful congregation. 7. Threats and attack on private property. 8. An increasing need for the use of force in effecting the arrest, as though there were a planned effort to bait the police. 9. An accompanying increase in the number of complaints about abusive practices of the police and/or the government, and the continuing claim that such complaints is receiving no satisfactory action. 10. Public name-calling and a general attitude of contempt and disrespected for police officers. Police Purpose and Objective During Unlawful Assembly 1 Containment 2. Arrest of violators 3. Dispersal 4. Re-entry must be prevented 5. Establish Priorities 1. Stage 1- First Stage At this stage the crowd is still functioning as a conglomeration of individuals.

2. Stage 2- Second Stage In the mob is functioning as a single unit and its leaders are in control, any event is likely to precipitate to violent action or the riot is just waiting to happen. Procedure from Handling and Unlawful Assembly 1. Assess the Situation 2. Communicate 3. Establish a command Center 4. Take Immediate Rescue Action 5. Give the Dispersal Order Procedures During Dispersal 1. Assign witness at strategic locations who can testified that they heard the issuance of dispersal order. 2. Order the crowd to disperse. 3. Order all the members of the civil Disturbance Management contingent to stand ready, guarding the perimeter, but making it possible for the people to leave as directed. 4. Expedite the departure of the people who are commanded to disperse. 5. Repeat the order at least three(3) times so that many people as possible can hear the giving of dispersal order. 6. Wait until the expiration of the time limit. At the end of the time limit, arrest the offenders. 7. At the end of the time limit, arrest the offenders.

Duties of Police offenders During Strike and Lock out 1.) The key to effective police action at the scene of a labor management dispute is to be completely fair and objective 2.) It is not the police role to assume that either side is right or wrong. 3.) The police responsibility is to established contact with both the company being struck and the leader of the strikers and to point out the police role to enforce the law and to protect life and property. 4.) Ask for the cooperation of all the parties of both sides of the dispute. 5.) The police concern is compliance with the laws and protection of the people from personal injury or property damage. 6.) When working at the scene of a strike, provide of the free flow of pedestrian and vehicle traffic on the streets, the driveways, and the sidewalks. 7.) Handle time matter I such a way that it does no indicate any alliance or sympathy with either side of the dispute. 8.) Arrest should be made to flagrant violators 9.) Take all necessary information and prepare a complete report. 10.) Worked out for a more appropriate course action to resolve matters away of the picket line. Rules on Unlawful Assembly/Civil Disturbance Management 1.) The pertinent provisions of the public Assembly Act of 1985, Batas Pambansa Blg. 880, the labor Code of the Philippines, as amended, and other applicable laws, shall be observed during rallies, strikes, demonstration or other public assemblies. 2.) Accordingly, law enforcement agents shall at all times exercise maximum tolerance. 3.) Police officers must be in full uniform with their identification cards and nameplates on. 4.) No excessive reasonable force shall be employed on such occasions as to or wound individuals 5.) Only such forces as may be necessary to prevent or repel an aggression may be used, and only as last resort. 6.) Employment of teargas, smoke grenades and water cannon shall be made under proper advisement and command of a responsible or superior police officer, and must be resorted only when there is a clear imminent danger to loss of lives and deliberate destructions of properties. 7.) No arrest of any leader, organizer or participants shall be made during the assembly any of the above mentioned laws, the Revised code or any Special La

8.) Police assistance when requested must be limited to protection of lives and properties and the members of the law enforcer contingent must bear no firearm, they must be equipped only with baton, riot sticks, shields, crash helmets with visor and boots. 9.) No public assembly with permit shall be dispersed except when it becomes violent. At first sign of impending violence, the ground commander shall call the leaders for dialogue to prevent possible disturbance. 10.) During actual violence, audible warning for dispersal by the ranking officer must be made and, if after allowing time operations must be pursued using such force as may be necessary and reasonable to prevent or repel an aggression. Basic Formation During Civil Disturbance Management Operation 1. Box Formation It is being used in providing VIP security coverage. 2.U Formation Also being used VIP security coverage 3. Line Formation Basic formation during actual confrontation with the crowd. 4. Double Line Formation Formation used during defensive dispersal of the crowd. 5. Arrow Formation Formation during aggressive dispersal of the crowd. 6. Wedge Formation Formation during the dispersal of a large number of crowd. 7. I Formation Also a basic formation in providing VIP security during negotiations with unruly crowd. Disaster Identification Problems When disaster occurs, a tremendous responsibility is immediately vested on the law enforcement officer to perform many tasks. A disaster is a situation that strikes suddenly and is totally unexpected. It consists of a single events or a series of events that may be brought on by the work of the elements or through some man-made accident. Disaster Defined A great natural catastrophe or an extraordinary accident which plunges scores of people into helpless and suffering and it will cause for unusual and superhuman police activity. Consideration of a Centralized Morgue 1. Litters and body covers, cadaver bag, blanket or a sheet needed. 2. Location and size of morgue. The morgue should be readily accessible to the scene of the disaster and be able to accommodate a large number of the persons who will later require access. 3. The master numerical log should establish upon of the body at the morgue.

Procedures During Preliminary Body Examination 1. Physical Characteristics - Teeth for dental works, operation and other scars, deformed legs, arms or fingers, amputations, color of hair and eyes, race, approximate height and weight, age, tattoos and any other identifying characteristics. Jewelry and pocketbooks contents are most important. 2. Fingerprinting the most positive reliable and infallible means of identification is through fingerprinting. 3. Jewelry and pocket contents help in the identification of victims. 4. Clothing also helps in the identification of victims Procedures During Morgue Administration 1. Preservation of remains. 2. Body segregation. 3. Body Case File, it involved description of body and clothing, fingerprint cards, list of personal effects, photographs taken, dental chart and detailed results of medical examination autopsies.

4. Missing Person Case File. Compare this with the body case file. Establishing Positive Identity 1. Comparison of missing person date with recorded body observations. 2. Death certificate and release of the body. Authorities should be most reluctant to issue death certificates until all doubts have been resolved. Disaster Control Procedures 1. Identify the nature and extent of the problem. 2. Communicate your information by radio immediately. 3. Administer urgently needed first aid and other rescue activities. 4. Establish a command post. 5. Contain the area. 6. Maintain open emergency lane. 7. Evacuate survivors and other persons in the area whose lives are in the jeopardy. 8. Provide for public information services. 9. Provide for coordination with other agencies. 10. Arrange for access into the area by authorized people only. 11. Records the event. Definition of Terrorism Violation for effectnot primarily, and sometimes not all for the physical effect on the actual target, but rather for its dramatic impact on an audience. The calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to attain goals, often political or ideological in nature, through instilling fear, intimidation or coercion. Is violent criminal behavior designed to generate fear in the community, or substantial segments of it, for political purpose. Three (3) Broad Categories of Terrorists 1. Crazies Mentally ill people who will commit terrorist acts during a period of psychiatric disturbance 2. Criminals People who commit terrorists acts for personal rather than ideological gain 3. Crusaders Ideologically inspired individuals or groups the political terrorists. Common Tactics of the Terrorists 1. Bombing The tactic common to most terror groups-the bomb is a popular weapon it is cheap to produce, easy to make has variable uses and is cheap to produce, easy to make, has variable uses and is difficult to detect and trace after the event. 2. Hoaxes Whatever the type IED, the terrorist will often use it merely to establish credibility, to show that they mean business. Once their credibility has bee established they continue to disrupt, thought not to destroy, by using well made and placed hoax bombs. The right proportions of hoaxes with live IED can keep security forces tied up guessing for along time. 3. Arson -malicious destruction of property w/ the use fire. Although not popular tactic among terrorists, arson has been used to destroy and disrupt such targets as public utility, political headquarters, and more commonly; economic industrial targets such as shops, factories and hotels. 4. Hijacking In any kind of continuing terrorist activity, the hijacking of vehicles can and should be associated with, and often gives indications of some future atrocity. Additionally, hijacked legitimate vehicles give the terrorist an easy means to approach or gain to a closed government facility. 5. Ambush

It is the fact that the terrorist can choose his own time and place of operation and place of operation and, if his intended victim continually uses the same route, the terrorist can conduct countless dry rehearsals before actually moving in for the kill. 6. Kidnapping Kidnap for ransom accounts about 8% of the terrorist incidents, and must still be viewed as a serious option open to terrorist groups. 7. Hostage Taking The difference between the kidnapping and hostage taking is extremely fine in the world of terrorism. However, the kidnapper would normally regarded as someone who confines his victim in secret hideaway and makes material demands, whereas the hostage taker will confront authorities and openly hold their victim for ransom or some other reasons. 8. Assassination It is perhaps the oldest of all terrorist tactics in the book, and still widely used today. Description of IEDs The appearance of IED is up to the imagination of the bomber. First, it is an object, regardless its disguise, that isnt suppose to be. The kicker to this statement is how do I know what is or isnt supposes to be where it is? There is grand or perfect answer to this one. However, the best man and most effective mechanism is you and your alertness. Who else would be a better idea of what is or isnt a suspicious item or situation in your area. Through a constant sense of awareness, youre the people who live and work in your particular areas are the only true defense that exists. The point is if you think it doesnt belong in your area, it probably doesnt if is suspicious-do something about it. External Appearance of an IED 1. Pipe Bomb Steel or PVC pipe section with end caps in just about any configuration external fusing as a wick or clock/battery. 2. Briefcase/Boxes Any style, color, size including what appear to be discarded quick food containers. Some may even be as small as a cigarette package. 3. Postal Service Mail Especially if the address is screwed up or a return address/postmark is strange, unexpected or missing. Rigged envelopes can be a clue to explosives contents. 4. Automobiles/Trucks By far the most devastating and probably one of the easiest to plant. Indicator may include: strange license tags, inappropriate decals, or just an unfamiliar car parked in your area. The bomb can be implanted anywhere in the vehicle including behind the seats, in the trunk or gasoline tank. 5. Existing Objects Those items which seem to have a purpose but could be substituted or used as a bomb container. Sub-classification of IEDs The method of getting the bomb to its objectives includes, but is not limited to the following: 1. Delivery The method of getting the bomb to its objectives include, but are not limited to the following: 1.) Vehicle Bombs These are vehicles filled with explosive which made be booby-trapped, or remotely detonated.

2.) Laid Charges These are devices that are put into place by the terrorist hands. 3.) Projected Bombs These are bombs thrown by hand or some type of projection device such as mortar. 4.) Postal Bombs These are devices sent through the mails as letters or packages. 2. Activation There are essentially three (3) ways to activate IED: 1.) Command activation This Is Done By Radio Signals, Electric leads, pull wires and or strikes to name a few. 2.) Target Action These can be activated by the target tripping a wire, stepping on a pressure device, turning on light, etc. 3.) Time Delay Such activators are clock mechanisms. Burning, fuses, chemical delays, atmosphere pressures, etc. 3. Usage There are two (2) broad categories pertaining to usage: 1.) Tactical IEDs These are normally regarded as being those used against an individual and can include mail bombs, clamor devices, culvert bombs, in fact any IED can be categorized as a tactical IED 2.) Strategic IEDs These are considered to be those used indiscriminately to gain world attention: for example, in crowded airports, shopping centers, on aircraft and so on. Police VIP Protection Activities It is a police activity of providing over and covert security of the lives and limbs of a person authorized by the law to be protected. Definition of VIP It is a person who, because of his sensitive position is accorded with special protection for his personal safety. What is Buffer Security They are security personnel who are deployed between the subject and the audience. What is a buffer Zone It is an area, which separate the VIP from the attacking audience. What is an advance Party A group of protective personnel to conduct necessary survey inspections and coordination prior to the arrival of the VIP. Modus Operandi of Assassins of Terrorist 1. Close range attack with the use of knife of gun. 2. Use of explosives. 3. Use of weapon from a distance. 4. Use of a weapons, warfare material and poison gas. 5. Kidnapping. 6. Crossing thru with the use of vehicle. Rings of VIP Physical Security 1. 1st ring Foot and Mobile Patrol 2. 2nd ring Fixed Post 3. 3rd ring Close-in Security Protective Security Procedures 1. The formation regardless of number of number provides 360 degrees of coverage.

2. The formations always move with principal when he is outside secured area. 3. As a general rule, agent in walking formation. 4. The type of formation employed will be dependent on the manpower availability and threat to the detail. 5. The aid remain closest to the principal as the primary duty is to provide body cover should an attack occur. 6. Because formation must be flexible, agents must be prepared to assume vacant position in the formation or change formation to maintain 360-degree concept. 7. When walking in crowds, agents should be on mind the expose parts of the principals body, the protection of their weapons, and the importance of watching the hands of person in the crowd. 8. When walking with the principal, agents should not be looking directly with the principal, but walking outward to watch the crowd and nearby surrounding for possible attack. Reaction in Hostile Crowd 1. Do not let the crowd deter you from protective task. Cases not defined and penalized under the Revised Penal Code and Special Laws. Total Crime Volume Number of crimes committed in a given area over a period. If refers to the total number of crime incidents reported or brought to the attention of law enforcement agencies. Population Density (PD) The number of inhabitants per unit geographical area. Formula: PD = Population 100,000 Where: 24,404,000 inhabitants as example = 24, 404 100, 000 PD = 24.01 Crime Density (CD) The number crimes for every 100,000 population in a given period. It is obtained by dividing the Total Crime Volume (TCV) by the population density Formula: CD = TCV PD Where: TCV = 401 PD = 24.04 = 404 24.04 CD = 19.46 Note: This means that 19.46 incidents transpired for every 100,000 population in a given period. Weekly Crime Rate Is the frequency of crime occurrence by weekly for every 100,000 population during a given period. It is obtained by dividing Crime Density (CD) by the number of weeks in a given period. Formula: WCR = Crime Density (CD) Period of Time Where: CD = 19.46 PT = 12 weeks 19.46 12 WCR = 1.62 Average monthly crime rate = CV X 100 / no. of months POP Note: This means those 1.62 incidents transpired for every 100,000 population in a week Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE) Is the batting average of a law enforcement agency in the solution of crime. It is obtained by dividing the Number of Crimes Reported (NCR) for a given period of multiplying the dividend by 100.

Formula: CSE = NCS 9 X 100 100 NCR Where: NSC = 9 NCR = 10 9 X 100 10 = 9 X 100 CSE = 90% Note: The crime is considered solved if the case has already been filed in court. Frequency of Crime Is the frequency of occurrence of a particular crime incident committed in a given area over a period, it is also similarly known as Crime Clock. Formula: FC = Total No. of days Total No. of Incident Example: = Period covered: 01 Jan 99 15 Nov99 1. No. of Days = 318 2. No. of Murder Case = 107 = 318 107 = 2.97 Note: Two represents the days, to get the number of hours, .97 will be multiplied by 24 (hours), hence . 97 X 24 = 23.28 now represent the number hours Then .60 will multiply .28 X 60 = 16.8, now 16 represent the number of minutes, then .8 will be multiplied by 60 (second), 8 X 60 = 48, then 48 represents the number of seconds. Frequency of Murder or the Crime Clock for Murder is committed every 71 hours, 16 minutes, and 48 seconds in a given area. Arrest Rate (AR) Is the batting average of a law enforcement agency in the accounting of persons with warrant of arrest. It is obtained by dividing the total number Wanted Persons Arrested (WPA) by the total number of Warrant of Arrest Received (WAR) in a given period multiplying the dividend by 100. Formula: AR = WPA X 100 WAR Where: WPA = 9 WAR = 10 9 X 100 100 = 9 X 100 AR = 90%