CHAPTER 4 PART 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE

Part 2: The Body's Defenses Against Disease and Injury Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided. ______ 1. The systemic spread of toxins through the bloodstream is called: A. infection. B. septicemia. C. pathogenia. D. toxemia. ______ 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the three lines of defense for infection? A. anatomic barriers B. inflammatory response C. immune response D. febrile response ______ 3. Which of the following begins within seconds of injury or invasion by a pathogen? A. immune response B. febrile response C. inflammatory response D. leukocyte response ______ 4. Protection from infection or disease that is developed by the body after exposure to an antigen is called: A. acquired immunity. B. natural immunity. C. primary immune response. D. synthetic immunity. ______ 5. The special type of leukocyte that is responsible for recognizing foreign antigens, producing antibodies, and developing memory is the: A. lymphocyte. B. cytoplast. C. thrombocyte. D. erythrocyte. ______ 6. The type of white blood cell that does not produce antibodies but instead attacks antigens directly is the: A. T lymphocyte. B. B lymphocyte. C. IgM lymphocyte. D. IgD lymphocyte. ______ 7. Someone is considered a universal donor if he has blood type: A. O. B. A. C. B. D. AB.

______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D.

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the difference between the immune response and the inflammatory response? The immune response develops swiftly; inflammation develops slowly. The immune response is specific; inflammation is nonspecific. The immune response is temporary; inflammation is long-lasting. The immune response involves many types of white cells; inflammation involves one type of white blood cell. 9. One of the four functions of inflammation is: walling off the infected and inflamed area. attacking foreign substances. developing a memory for antigens. production of white blood cells. 10. The type of cells responsible for activating the inflammatory response are the: T cells. B cells. mast cells. plasma cells. 11. The substance released by platelets that, through constriction and dilation of blood vessels, affects blood flow to an injured or affected site is called: histamine. serotonin. granules. pus. 12. A tumor or growth that forms when foreign bodies cannot be destroyed and is surrounded and walled off is called a: fibroblast. granuloma. melanoma. cyst. 13. Exudate has three functions at an inflammation site, one of which is: destruction of toxins released by bacteria. removal of plasma proteins and leukocytes from the site. carrying away the products of inflammation (e.g., toxins, dead cells, pus). all of the above. 14. The complete healing of a wound and return of tissues to their normal structure and function is called: regeneration. repair. debridement. resolution.

______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D. ______ A. B. C. D.

15. The term autoimmunity refers to: an exaggerated immune response to an environmental antigen. an immune reaction between members of the same species, commonly of one person against the antigens of another person. a disturbance in the body's normal tolerance for self-antigens, such as hyperthyroidism or rheumatic fever. a severe allergic response that usually develops within minutes of reexposure. 16. Acquired immune deficiencies include: nutritional deficiencies. deficiencies caused by trauma. AIDS. all of the above. 17. In Stage I of the general adaptation syndrome, a person: experiences "burnout." begins to cope with the situation. experiences arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, mobilizing the "fight-or-flight" response. experiences an ensuing physical illness. 18. The dynamic steady state is also known as: turnover. homeostasis. stress. adaptation. 19. The physiological effects of catecholamines include: decreased glucose metabolism in the brain. bronchoconstriction. increased blood flow to the skin. increased glucose production in the liver. 20. The adrenal cortex releases a steroid hormone that regulates the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, and proteins. That hormone is: cortisol. testosterone. growth hormone. beta-endorphine.