Embryology

1.The average length of the human gestational period (from fertilization to childbirth) is:
28 weeks 38 weeks 34 weeks 42 weeks 22 weeks

2.The fertilization age is ___ than the menstrual age.

one weeks larger two weeks larger two weeks smaller one week smaller None of the above

3.About how many mature oocytes does a woman ovulate during her entire life?
5,000 50,000 50 500 500,000

5.Which of the following is NOT correct about the discharged human ovum?
Is accompanied by one polar bod Cannot survive unless fertilized within several hours after ovulation Has autonomous motility Is surrounded by the zona pellucida Has the diameter over 100m

6.At ovulation, the oocyte is discharged into the:

Oviduct Uterine tube Peritoneal cavity Uterine cavity Vagina

7.Fertilization normally takes place in the:

Ampulla of oviduct Cervical canal Peritoneal cavity Uterine cavity Isthmus of oviduct

8.In how many days after fertilization does the fertilized ovum enter the uterine cavity?
5 days 14 days 3 days 8 days 1 day

9.Which of the following is significantly associated with advanced maternal age?

Polyploidy Ring chromosomes Chromosomal breaks Chromosomal nondisjunction Sister chromatid exchange

10.Spermatogenesis takes place in the:

Prostate gland Rete testis Seminiferous tubules

Seminal vesicle Vas deferens

11.How many sperms are discharged by an ejaculation?

10,000-30,000 1,000,000,000-3,000,000,000 1,000-3,000 100,000,000-300,000,000 1,000,000-3,000,000

12.Which of the following hormones is used as an indicator of pregnancy?

Estrogen Prolactin Progesterone human chorionic gonadotropin None of the above

13.At which stage of development does a fertilized ovum undergo implantation?

Morula Gastrula 4-cell stage Blastocyst 2-cell stage

14.Which of the following hormones is most important to bring about the secretory phase of the endometrium?
Prolactin Progesterone Estrogen Testosterone Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

15.Which of the following is not associated with the ovum?

Polar body Acrosome Zona pellucida Corona radiata All of the above

16.During the process of spermiogenesis, which cells differentiate into sperms (spermatozoa)?
Primary spermatocytes Spermatogonia Primordial germ cells Spermatids Secondary spermatocytes

17.Failure of pregnancy is called abortion if it occurs:

Before 30 weeks Before 26 weeks Before 22 weeks Before 12 weeks Before 35 weeks

18.The number of chromosomes in diploid human cells is:

48 47 in male and 48 in female 45 in male and 46 in female 46 44

19.The numbers of X chromosomes in the male and female diploid cells are:
Two in both sexes One in both sexes One in male and two in female

Two in male and one in female None of the above

20.Which of the following is NOT correct about the male pronucleus?

Is formed only when the zygote is a male Carries paternal genome Has 23 chromosomes Is observed in the cytoplasm of the oocyte All of the above

21.Which of the following tissues is of maternal origin?

Syncytiotrophoblast Decidua Amnion Cytotrophoblast Yolk sac

22.The average birth weight of Japanese newborn babies is:

2,400g 4,000g 3,200g 2,800g 3,600g

23.Which of the following organogenesis occurs during the fetal period?

Separation of fingers Formation of eyelids Rupture of cloacal membrane Closure of atrial septum Palate closure

24.Which of the following developmental events is completed before birth?

Recanalization of duodenum Descent of testes First meiotic division of oocyte Closure of interventricular septum All of the above

25.Sexing by external genitalia is possible after the ___ of pregnancy.

Term Ninth month Seventh month Fifth month Third month

26.Fontanelles are palpable in the ___ of newborns.

Abdomen Chest Head Back Foot

27.What is the yolk made of? protein, fats fats, vitamins, and minerals (correct answer) protein, minerals, and fats water, fats, and minerals

28.What is the albumen made of? water and protein (correct answer) fat and protein vitamins and water protein and minerals

30.What is the fertilized ovum (egg) called? vitelline zygote (correct answer) oviduct amnion

31.What is the fluid-filled sac that holds the embryo called? chalazae Allantois amnion (correct answer) Blastoderm

Mesenchyme refers to the middle layer of the trilaminar embryo true false The the middle layer of the trilaminar embryo is the mesoderm (meaning middle layer), while most of these cells are mesemchymal in appearance, this term is used to describe the cell histological appearance/organization.

The intraembryonic coelom forms within : somites lateral plate neural tube intermediate mesoderm The intraembryonic coelom forms initially small spaces in the mesoderm layer and coalesce to form a single large "horseshoe-shaped" space within the lateral plate mesoderm around the embryonic disc. Both young somites (somitocoels) and the neural tube (neural tube lumen) do have cavities, but neither is called the intraembryonic coelom. Note that in early development the intraembryonic coelom opens at places on the edge of the embryonic disc to the extraembryonic coelom.

All paraxial mesoderm segments into somites. true false While somites do form within paraxial mesoderm, this region remains unsegmented at the level of the head and therefore does not incorporate into somites.

Somites are developmental structures that contribute the following adult structures : vertebra, notochord, dermis, skeletal muscle vertebra, intervertebral discs, dermis, skeletal muscle kidney, body wall connective tissue, sensory ganglia kidney, gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle, mesentry Each somite has specific regions that contribute different components of the embryo. Sclerotome contributes the vertebral column (vertebra, intervertebral discs). Dermotome contributes the connective tissue layers of the skin (dermis, hypodermis). Myotome ontributes the skeletal muscle of the body and limbs.

Ectoderm refers only to the neural plate region of the trilaminar embryo true false The entire layer of the trilaminar embryo is the ectoderm (meaning outer layer), the neural plate is only the central portion of this layer.

The central nervous system forms in the sequence: norochord to neural plate to neural tube neural tube to neural plate to neural groove neural plate to neural groove to neural tube neural plate to neural crest to neural zone The sequence neural plate to neural groove to neural tube represents the gradual folding of a flat surface sheet of ectodermal cells into a closed tube isolated from the embryo surface. The notochord is part of the mesoderm and regulates the initial overlying differentiation process. The neural crest are a population at the edge of the neural plate that do not get incorporated into the neural tube. I think I made up neural zone.

The neural plate is narrower at the caudal (tail) end and therefore closes earlier than the broad cranial (head) end. true false The caudal or posterior neuropore closes after the cranial or anterior neuropore.

The correct sequence from cranial to caudal of the secondary brain vesicles is: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, rhombencephalon

telencephalon, diencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon prosencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon, metencephalon The prosencephalon and rhombencephalon are primary brain vesicles. The others are distractors using your lack of understanding of what the terms mean.

What do the ovaries store?

a. semen b. embryos c. sperm d. egg cells.

What is another name for the uterus?

a. stomach b. womb c. ovary d. marrow

Where is the hormone testosterone made?

a. penis b. uterus c. testicles d. kidney

What is the name of the tube that carries the egg cell to the uterus?
a. fallopian b. urethra c. aorta d. vagina

What two events are important parts of each menstrual cycle?

a. ovulation and ejaculation b. menstruation and ovulation c. menstruation and fertilization d. fertilization and conception

What is another name for fertilization?

a. intercourse b. menstruation c. conception d. ovulation

How many sperm cells come out during an ejaculation?

a. just one b. hundreds c. thousands d. millions

What is it called when semen comes out of the penis?

a. erection b. ovulation c. ejaculation d. urination

Another term that can be used in place of pregnancy could be...?

a. gestation b. fertilization c. embryo d. fetus

Which of the following names might be used to describe an unborn baby as it develops inside of mom?
a. embryo b. fetus c. blastocyst d. all of the above

How many sperm cells fertilize an egg cell?

a. sometimes two b. it depends c. as many as possible d. just one

Where does fertilizaton take place?

a. vagina b. fallopian tube c. uterus d. cervix

About how long is a menstrual cycle ?

a. day b. week c. month d. year

Fraternal twins are a result of how many egg cells being fertilized?
a. one and it splits b. sometimes one c. two d. one, but the egg cell doesn't separate all the way

The tube that connects to the bladder and carries urine out of the body is called the...?
a. artery b. fallopian c. penis d. urethra

The cervix is the connection between which two structures?

a. penis and testicles b. fallopian tube and ovary c. vagina and uterus d. elbow and wrist

Another name for a nocturnal emission is a...

a. menstrual cycle b. wet dream c. penis d. scrotum

What is the fluid filled bubble called that surrounds the baby while it is growing inside of mom?
a. uterus b. endometrium c. amniotic sac d. fallopian bubble

What is another name for menstruation?

a. uterus b. endometrium c. amniotic sac d. period

What is released from an ovary during ovulation?

a. egg cell b. sperm cell c. semen d. blood

When a fetus is developing inside of mom it gets food and oxygen from...?
a. Lungs and stomach b. nose and mouth c. placenta and umbilical cord d. McDonalds

What is the master gland that helps get Puberty started?

a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. Pituitary d. Endocrine

The time of development which includes physical, mental, social and emotional change between childhood and adulthood is called...?
a. Adolescence b. Gestation c. Pregnancy d. Toddler