Code No: RR320306 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Write the general conduction equation for one − dimensional heat flow with uni-
form heat generation and unsteady state for rectangular, and spherical co-ordinate
systems.
[16]

2. (a) Develop an expression for the steady state temperature distribution in a long
hollow cylinder, ri < r < r0 in which heat generated at a rate of q(r) =
q0 (1+Ar) W/m3 , where A and q0 are constants while the boundary surfaces
are kept at zero temperature.
(b) An electric resistance wire of radius 0.001 m with thermal conductivity of
25 W/m K is heated by a passage of electric current which generates heat
within the wire at a constant rate of 2x107 W/m3 . Determine the center line
temperature rise above the surface temperature of the wire if the surface is
maintained at constant temperature. [8+8]

3. (a) What is the critical thickness of insulation and explain its physical signifi-
cance?
(b) Derive its equation for a hollow cylinder and a hollow sphere? [6+10]

4. (a) Give a general equation for the rate of heat transfer by convection.
(b) List the various factors on which the value of this coefficient depends. [10+6]

5. (a) Write down differential equation for continuity of fluid flow.

(b) In an ice plant liquid ammonia flows through a rectangular pipe of section 50
mm x 25 mm, at a velocity of 1 m/min and inlet temperature of −300 C and
leaves at 00 C. Estimate heat transfer co-efficient and heat transfer rate.[6+10]

6. (a) Distinguish between filmwise and dropwise condensation. Which of the two
gives a higher heat transfer coefficient? Why?
(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.5 bar condenses on the surface of a
vertical tube of height 1.5m. The tube surface temperature is 1200 C. Estimate
the thickness of the condensate film and the local heat transfer coefficient at
a distance of 0.3m from the upper end of the tube. [6+10]

7. (a) Define the terms

i. absorptivity
ii. reflectivity and

1 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 1
iii. transmissivity.
(b) Differentiate between specular and diffuse reflections.
(c) Derive Stefan-Boltzmann’s law from Plank’s law. [6+4+6]

8. (a) Derive an expression for logarithmic mean temperature difference for the case
of counter flow exchanger .
(b) A liquid chemical flows through a thin walled copper tube of 12 mm diameter
at the rate of 0.5 kg/sec water flows in opposite direction at the rate 0.37
kg/sec through the annular space formed by this tube and a tube diameter
of 20 mm . The liquid chemical enters and leaves at 1000 C and 600 C ,while
water enters at 100 C . Find the length of tube required. Also find the length
of tube required if the water flows in the same direction as liquid chemical.
The properties of water and liquid chemical are

PROPERTIES 270 C LIQUID CHEMICALAT 800 C WATERAT

ρ, Kg/m3 1078 995
µ, Kg/m-Sec2 3200*10−6 853 *10−6
Cp, J/Kg-K 2050 4180
K,W/mK 0.261 0.614

[8+8]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write some examples to illustrate the importance of heat transfer in various
fields of engineering.
(b) A steam pipe is 7.5 cm external diameter and 30m long. It conveys 1000 kg.
of steam per hour at a pressure of 2MN/m2 . The steam enters the pipe with
a dryness fraction of 0.98 and is to leave the other end of the pipe with the
minimum dryness fraction of 0.96. This is to be accomplished by suitably
lagging the pipe. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of flogging material
is 0.19 W/m-K Determine the minimum thickness lagging required to meet
the necessary conditions. Take the temperature of the outside surface of the
lagging as 270 C. Neglect the resistance of the pipe material and assume that
there is no pressure drop across the pipe. [8+8]

2. Consider a slab of thickness L and constant thermal conductivity k in which energy

is generated at a constant rate of qW/m2 . The boundary surface at x=0 is insulated
and that at x=L dissipates heat by convection with a heat transfer coefficient into
a fluid at temperature of Tα . Derive expression for the temperature and heat flux
in the slab. Calculate the temperatures at the surfaces x=0 and x=L under the
following conditions. L=10mm, k=20W/mK,q=8×107 W/m3 , h = 4000 W/m2 K
and Tα = 1000 C. [16]

3. (a) Define the term overall heat transfer coefficient? And explain its significance.
(b) An aluminium fin (200 W/mK) of 3 mm thick and 75 mm long protrudes
from a wall at 3000 C. The ambient temperature is 500 C with heat transfer
coefficient of 10 W/m2 K. Calculate the heat loss from the pin for unit depth
of material. Also calculate its effectiveness and efficiency? [8+8]

4. (a) A flat electrical heater of 0.4 m x 0.4 m size is placed vertically in still air at
200 C. The heat generated is 1200 w/m2 . Determine the value of convective
heat transfer co-efficient and the average plate temperature.
(b) Explain Grashoff number significance in natural convective heat transfer.[10+4]

5. (a) A square plate, 40 cm x 40 cm, is at 1200 C and is exposed to air at 200 C. Find
the heat loss from the plate if
i. the plate is kept vertical
ii. the plate is placed horizontally. Find the percentage change in heat flow
due to the change in position.
(b) Explain the various regimes of a velocity boundary layer over a flat plate.[8+8]

1 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 2
6. (a) Distinguish between
i. Subcooled boiling & Saturated boiling
ii. Nucleate boiling & film boiling.
(b) Water at atmospheric pressure is boiled in a Kettle made of copper. The bot-
tom of the Kettle is flat, 35 cm in diameter and maintained at a temperature
of 1150 C by an electric heater. Calculate the rate of heat required to boil
water. Also estimate the rate of evaporation of water from the Kettle. [4+12]

7. (a) Distinguish between a black body and grey body.

(b) Prove that intensity of radiation is given by Ib = Eb /Π
(c) State and explain Kirchoff’s identity? What are the condition’s under which
it is applicable. [4+6+6]

8. A heat exchanger is to be designed for a capacity of 100KW. Water for air condi-
tioning purpose is to be cooled from 150 C to 50 C in a counter flow arrangement
using brine available at 200 C . The overall heat transfer coefficient is 648 W/m2 -K
. Find the area required if the brine outlet temperature is -10, -5 and 50 C .comment
on the results . [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) The surface of steel plate measuring 0.9m long x 0.6m wide x 0.025m thick is
maintained at a uniform temperature of 3000 C, and the plate loses 250 watt
by radiation. If air at 150 C temperature and 20 w/m2 -deg convective heat
transfer coefficient blows over the plate, calculate the temperature on inside
surface of the plate. Take thermal conductivity of plate as 45w/m-deg.
(b) Derive expressions for temperature distribution during steady sate heat con-
duction in a solid sphere with internal heat generation. [8+8]

2. Consider a slab of thickness L and constant thermal conductivity k in which energy

is generated at a constant rate of qW/m2 . The boundary surface at x=0 is insulated
and that at x=L dissipates heat by convection with a heat transfer coefficient into
a fluid at temperature of Tα . Derive expression for the temperature and heat flux
in the slab. Calculate the temperatures at the surfaces x=0 and x=L under the
following conditions. L=10mm, k=20W/mK,q=8×107 W/m3 , h = 4000 W/m2 K
and Tα = 1000 C. [16]

3. A wall of thickness 100 mm is insulated on one side and other side is exposed to 00 C.
Determine the wall temperature insulated surface if the internal heat generation in
the wall is at the rate of 106 W/m3 . Take k = 40 W/mK. [16]

4. (a) Explain the phenomenon of heat transfer by free convection.

(b) What forces control the fluid motion?
(c) Can free convection occur in space vehicles with a Zero’s ‘g’ trajectory?[6+6+4]

5. (a) Compare the variations of velocity, temperature and local heat transfer co-
efficient along a vertical plate for the plate under natural convection and forced
convection.
(b) A vertical plate is at 960 C in an atmosphere of air at 200 C. Estimate the local
heat transfer co-efficient at a distance of 20 m from the lower edge and the
average value over the 20 cm length. [6+10]

6. (a) Water at 5 bar flows inside a 25mm dia tube under local boiling conditions
where the tube wall temperature is 150 C above the saturation temperature.
Estimate the heat transfer in a 0.6m length of tube.
(b) A platinum wire is submerged in saturated water at 5.5MPa. What is the
heat flux for a temperature excess of 120 C? [10+6]

7. (a) Define the terms

1 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 3
i. absorptivity
ii. reflectivity and
iii. transmissivity.
(b) Differentiate between specular and diffuse reflections.
(c) Derive Stefan-Boltzmann’s law from Plank’s law. [6+4+6]

8. (a) What is meant by “fouling” in heat exchangers mean? List the factors respon-
sible for fouling.
(b) Water flows through a copper pipe ( k=380 w/m-K) of 18mm diameter.it is
surrounded by another steel pipe of 21mm and oil flow through the annular
passage between copper and steel pipe .On the water side, the film coefficient
is 4500 w/m2 -K and the fouling factor of .00032 m2 -K/W. The corresponding
values for the soil side are 1250 W/m2 -K and .00082 m2 -K/W.find the overall
heat transfer coefficient between water and oil. [6+10]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
HEAT TRANSFER
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and thermal conductance.

What is the approximate range of thermal conductivity of solids, liquids and
gases?
(b) List some good conductors of heat, and some poor conductors. [8+8]

2. Consider a slab of thickness L and constant thermal conductivity k in which energy

is generated at a constant rate of qW/m2 . The boundary surface at x=0 is insulated
and that at x=L dissipates heat by convection with a heat transfer coefficient into
a fluid at temperature of Tα . Derive expression for the temperature and heat flux
in the slab. Calculate the temperatures at the surfaces x=0 and x=L under the
following conditions. L=10mm, k=20W/mK,q=8×107 W/m3 , h = 4000 W/m2 K
and Tα = 1000 C. [16]

3. A wall of thickness 100 mm is insulated on one side and other side is exposed to 00 C.
Determine the wall temperature insulated surface if the internal heat generation in
the wall is at the rate of 106 W/m3 . Take k = 40 W/mK. [16]

4. (a) Give a general equation for the rate of heat transfer by convection.
(b) List the various factors on which the value of this coefficient depends. [10+6]

5. (a) A square plate, 40 cm x 40 cm, is at 1200 C and is exposed to air at 200 C. Find
the heat loss from the plate if
i. the plate is kept vertical
ii. the plate is placed horizontally. Find the percentage change in heat flow
due to the change in position.
(b) Explain the various regimes of a velocity boundary layer over a flat plate.[8+8]

6. (a) Water at 5 bar flows inside a 25mm dia tube under local boiling conditions
where the tube wall temperature is 150 C above the saturation temperature.
Estimate the heat transfer in a 0.6m length of tube.
(b) A platinum wire is submerged in saturated water at 5.5MPa. What is the
heat flux for a temperature excess of 120 C? [10+6]

7. (a) Define the terms

i. absorptivity
ii. reflectivity and
iii. transmissivity.

1 of 2
Code No: RR320306 Set No. 4
(b) Differentiate between specular and diffuse reflections.
(c) Derive Stefan-Boltzmann’s law from Plank’s law. [6+4+6]

8. A heat exchanger (17.2 m2 ) is used to cool oil at 2000 C by water available at

200 C . The mass flow and sp.heat of oil are 10000 kg/hr and 1. 9 kJ/kg-K and
corresponding values for water are 300W/m2 -K. Find the outlet temperature of oil
and water for parallel flow and counter flow arrangements using LMTD method
and (2) NTU method. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2