Supporting Chips

8284 CLOCK GENERATOR

AND DRIVER

Kuliah Pertemuan IV
Sistem Berbasis
Mikroprosesor

Lie Jasa
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SIGNAL CLOCK
BERUPA GELOMBANG KOTAK DENGAN PERIODE T YANG TERDIRI DARI ½ GELOMBANG +
DAN ½ GELOMBANG NEGATIF

+ + +

- - -

T T T
1/2 T

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SIGNAL CLOCK
Misalkan Frekwensi kristal = 15 MHz

T = 1 / F detik
T = 1 / [ 15 x 10 6 ] detik
T = 0,06666 micro detik +
½ T = 0,033333 micro detik

0,06666 mikro detik -

T
1/2 T

0,03333 mikro detik

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Perkalian frekwensi
1Xf

2Xf

4Xf

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CLOCK GENERATOR 8284A
X1
CLK
15 MHz CLK 8086 / 8088

X2
F/C'
CSYNC

8284A
+5V

10K
RESET 8086 / 8088
RES RESET
SW 10 uF

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SIGNAL CLOCK

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8284 CLOCK GENERATOR AND DRIVER

• an 18-pin chip
• specially designed to be used with 8088/86
microprocessors,
• It provides the clock and synchronization for the
microprocessor,
• also provides the READY signal for the insertion
of wait states into the CPU bus cycle.
• A description of each pin and how it is
connected in the IBM PC follows.

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 Input pins
• RES (reset in)
• This is an input active-low signal to
generate RESET.
• In the IBM PC, it is connected to
the power-good signal from the
power supply.
• When the power switch in the IBM
PC is turned on, assuming that the
power supply is good,
• a low signal is provided to this pin
• and the 8284 in turn will activate
the RESET pin,
• forcing the 8088/86 to reset; then
the microprocessor takes over.
This is called a cold boot.
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Input pins
X1 and X2 (crystal in)
• XI and X2 are the pins to
which a crystal is attached.
• The crystal frequency must
be 3 times the desired
frequency for the
microprocessor.
• The maximum crystal for the
8284A is 24 MHz and 30
MHz for the 8284A-1.
• The IBM PC is connected to
a crystal of 14.31818 MHz.
For some turbo compatibles,
it is 24 MHz.
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 Input pins
F/C (frequency/clock select)
• This pin provides an option
for the way the clock is
generated.
• If connected to low, the clock
is generated by the 8284 with
the help of a crystal
oscillator.
• If it is connected to high, it
expects to receive clocks at
the EFI pin.
• Since the IBM PC uses a
crystal, this pin is connected
to low.
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Input pins
EFI (external frequency in)
• External frequency is
connected to this pin if F/C
has been connected to high.
• In the IBM PC this is not
connected since a crystal is
used instead of an external
frequency generator.
• In some cases (such as the
Turbo PC), this pin is used to
provide clock frequency in
place of XI and X2.

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 Input pins
• CSYNC
(clock synchronization)
• This active-high signal
• is used to allow several 8284
chips to be connected
together and synchronized.
• The IBM PC only uses one
8284; therefore, this pin is
connected to low.

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Input pins
• RDY1 and AEN1
• RDY1 is active high and AEN1
(address enable) is active low.
• They are used together to
provide a ready signal to the
microprocessor,
• which will insert a WAIT state to
the CPU read/write cycle.
• In the IBM PC, RDY1 is
connected to DMAWAIT and
AEN1 is connected to
RDY/WAIT.
• They allow the wait state to be
inserted either by the CPU or by
DMA.
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 Input pins
• RDY2 and AEN2
• These function exactly like RDY1
and AEN1.
• These extra RDY and AEN
signals are provided to allow for
a multiprocessing system.
• It allows other general-purpose
CPUs such as the 8088/86 to
gain control over the buses.
• In the IBM PC, RDY2 is
connected to low, AEN2 is
connected to high, which
permanently disables this
function since there is only one
8088/86 microprocessor in the
system.
• In cases of multiprocessor
systems, these signals are used
to coordinate access over the
15 buses by different CPUs LIE JASA

Input pins
• ASYNC
• This is called ready
synchronization select.
• An active low is used for
devices that are not able to
adhere to the very strict
RDY setup time
requirement.
• In the IBM PC this is
connected to low, making
the timing design of the
system easier with slower
logic gates.
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 Output signals
• RESET
• This is an active-high
signal that provides a
RESET signal to the
8088/86 microprocessor.
• It is activated by the RES
input signal discussed
earlier.

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Output signals
• OSC (oscillator)
• This provides a clock
frequency equal to the
crystal oscillator and it is
TTL compatible.
• Since the IBM crystal
oscillator is 14.31818 MHz,
OSC will provide this
frequency to the expansion
slot of the IBM PC.

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 Output signals
• CLK (clock)
• This is an output clock
frequency equal to one-third of
the crystal oscillator, or EFI
input frequency,
• with a duty cycle of 33%. This is
connected to the clock input of
the 8088/86 and all other devices
that must be synchronized with
the CPU.
• In the IBM PC it is connected to
pin 19 of the 8088
microprocessor and other
circuitry under the CLK88 label.
• This frequency, 4.772776 MHz
(14.31818 divided by 3), is the
processor frequency on which
all of the timing calculations of
the memory and I/O cycle are
19 based. LIE JASA

Output signals
• PCLK (peripheral clock)
• This frequency is one-half of
CLK (or one-sixth of the
crystal) with a duty cycle of
50% and is TTL compatible.
• In the IBM PC this 2.386383
MHz is provided to the 8253
timer to be used to generate
speaker tones, and other
functions

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 Output signals
• READY
• This signal is connected to
READY of the CPU.
• In the IBM PC it is used to
signal the 8088 to indicate if
the CPU needs to insert a
wait state due to the
slowness of the devices that
the CPU is trying to contact.

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Example
A certain IBM PC/XT compatible turbo computer has a
crystal of 24-MHz frequency for the XI, X2 inputs to the
8244. Calculate the frequencies provided by the outputs of:
(a) OSC (b) CLK (c) PCLK
Solution:
(a) OSC=24 MHz frequency, same as the crystal frequency
(b) CLK=8 MHz, one-third of the crystal frequency of 24 MHz
(c) PCLK=4 MHz, one-sixth of the crystal frequency of 24 MHz

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 Tugas Tanggal 24 Oktober 2007

Disiapkan komponen elektronika dengan bahan-bahan :

1. Project board
2. LED 10 biji warna
3. Bateray 6 Volt
4. Resistor 10 K, 4,7 K, 2,2K,1 K, 330 Ohm, 220 Ohm, 100 Ohm.
5. IC 74LS00, 74LS04, 74LS244, 74LS245, 74LS373
6. Switch push ON
7. Seven Segmen
8. Transistor 2N2222, BC550C
9. Kabel serat tunggal

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IMPLEMENTASI TUGAS
Rangkaian
LED

Rangkaian
RESET

Resistor

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IMPLEMENTASI TUGAS

Trafic Light

Uji Coba TL

Rangkaian
Relay

Interface
LPT1

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