Gas lost due to water removal:

Inputs Absorber flowrate Inlet water content Outlet water content Atmospheric pressure Absorber pressure # of days operated Gas lost = Units 6.5 MMSCFD 100.0 pounds/ MMSCF 7.0 pounds/ MMSCF 12.8 PSIA 700.0 PSIG 31.0 days 16.8 MSCF

Gas lost due to gas absorption into TEG:

Inputs Absorber flowrate # of days operated Gas lost = 22.0 31.0 47.7 Units MMSCFD days MSCF

Harvey Stockman

Atmospheric Pressure

Local Elevation = Local Atmospheric Pressure

5,280

feet

12.1565 psia

ESTIMATED TIME TO BLOW DOWN A PIPELINE = Pipe outside diameter (actual) Pipe wall thickness Pipe Length Beginning Pressure Ending Pressure 1st blowoff diameter (nominal) 2nd blowoff diameter (nominal) Blowoff factor - .63 or .80 Beginning Volume Ending Volume Estimated minutes to blow down 8.625 inches 0.188 inches 41280 feet 600 psig 0 psig 4 inches 0 inches Put 0 if only 1 blowoff 1500 psi maximum INPUT CELLS

0.63 .63 for plug valves, .80 for ball valves 711.4 mcf 14.6 mcf 39

Kim Kuhl

SKILLET THICKNESS used between two flanges

Maximum Operating Pressure = Yield Strength of the Plate Steel = Pipe Diameter =

800 24,000 6.625

psig psi inches

Minimum Required Plate Thickness =

0.4361

inches

Pipe Size 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10

= = = = = = = = =

OD 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750

Pipe Size 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

= = = = = = = = =

OD 12.75 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

Kim Kuhl

Volume of Concrete Required Flat Surface

Width of Concrete in feet and inches. = Length of Concrete in feet and inches. = Thickness of Concrete in feet and inches. = Volume needed in Cubic Yards = 3 70 0 2.27 feet feet feet 0 inches 1 1/2 inches 3.5 inches

Round Form or Hole

Diameter of round form or hole in inches = Depth in feet and inches. = Volume needed in Cubic Yards = 24 8 0.99 feet 6 inches

Drip Blowing -- Gas Loss

Number of Wet Blows = Number of Dry Blows = Gallons of Liquid Removed =

4 2 30

Total Gas Loss =

14.75

MCF

Kim Kuhl

Horsepower & Torque Relationship

Torque (Lb. - ft.) = (Horsepower x 5250)/RPM Horsepower = RPM = Torque = 100 100 5,250 Lb. Ft.

Horsepower = (Torque lb ft * RPM)/5250 Torque lb ft = RPM = Horsepower = 100 100 2

Conversions
BTU to Therm BTU to Decatherm BTU to Cubic Feet BTU to MCF Therm to BTU Therm to MCF Therm to MMCF Therm to BCF Therm to Decatherm Decatherm to Therm Decatherm to MMBTU Cubic Feet to MCF Cubic Feet to MMCF MCF to MMCF MCF to BCF MMCF to BCF MMBTU to Decatherm BTU = BTU = BTU = BTU = Therm = Therm = Therm = Therm = Therm = Decatherm = Decatherm = Cubic Feet = Cubic Feet = MCF = MCF = MMCF = MMBTU = 100,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,000.00 1,000,000.00 1.00 10,000.00 8,000.00 80,000.00 10.00 1.00 1.00 1,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,000.00 1.00 Therm = Decatherm = Cubic Feet = MCF = BTU = MCF = MMCF = BCF = Decatherm = Therm = MMBTU = MCF = MMCF = MMCF = BCF = BCF = Decatherm = 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 100,000.00 1,000.00 0.80 0.01 1.00 10.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Assumption 1 Cubic Foot = 1,000 BTU Mega = a million times Kilo = a thousand times Hecto = a hundred times Deca = ten times

Welding Electrode

Line Size = Welding Electrode Required per Weld =

24 3

inches pounds

Total number of welds = Total Amount of Welding Electrode Required =

24 72 pounds

Estimate of the Number of Nitrogen Bottles required to test a short section of pipe Pipe OD inches = Wall Thickness inches = Pipe Length in feet = Test Pressure psig = Volume in scf = Volume of the Nitrogen bottle cu ft. = Pressure in the Nitrogen bottle in psig = 4.5 0.154 200 1,500 1,961 410 2,640 Check with you Nitrogen Supplier for Volume information on your bottles. There are many different bottle sizes and working pressures.

Estimated Number of Nitrogen bottles required =

10.5

( DO NOT USE LIQUID NITROGEN, use gas only )

Cost per bottle of Nitrogen = Total Cost for Nitrogen = $14.40 $151.53

n Supplier for Volume ttles. There are many d working pressures.

Hot Taps or Welding

MAXIMUM MAXIMUM Allowable PRESSURE Pressure forFOR Taping HOT or Welding TAPING on a Pressurized Line.

OR WELDING ON A PRESSURIZED LINE

P = 2*S*t*F/D Value of F Pipe Wall Thickness Factor less than 0.150 .150 to .188 .189 to .210 .211 to .281 .282 to .322 .323 to .406 over .407 Pipe Size 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10 = = = = = = = 20% 30% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% OD 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 SMYS of the pipe = 60,000 Pipe Thickness in inches = 0.600 inches If SMYS is unknown 24,000 psi must be used

O D of the pipe in inches = 36.000 inches Pipe Wall Thickness Factor = 0.6 %

Maximum Pressure =

1,200 PSIG

= = = = = = = = =

Pipe Size 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

= = = = = = = = =

OD 12.75 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

Page 13

Working Pressure - Pounds Per Square Inch, Non-Shock

Temperature Series 15 Series 30 Series 40 Series 60 Series 90 Degrees or or or or or Fahr. ASA 150 ASA 300 ASA 400 ASA 600 ASA 900 ASA 1500 ASA 2500 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 275 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 140 130 120 110 100 92 82 720 710 700 690 680 675 665 650 625 590 555 515 470 425 365 300 960 945 930 920 910 900 890 870 835 790 740 690 635 575 490 400 1440 1420 1400 1380 1365 1350 1330 1305 1250 1180 1110 1030 940 850 730 600 2160 2130 2100 2070 2050 2025 2000 1955 1875 1775 1660 1550 1410 1275 1100 900 3600 3550 3500 3450 3415 3375 3330 3255 3125 2955 2770 2580 2350 2125 1830 1500 6000 5915 5830 5750 5690 5625 5550 5430 5210 4925 4620 4300 3920 3550 3050 2500

Tanks

TANK VOLUME

THIS PROGRAM WILL GIVE YOU THE VOLUME IN GALS OF A FLAT END TANK, MOUNTED HORIZONTALLY FORMULA IS (1/4 * Pi DIAMETER squared * LENGTH)*(HEIGHT OF LIQUID/DIAMET

Diameter of Tank in inches = Length of Tank in inches = Height of Liquid in inches =

78 114 55

Volume in Tank =

1,662.80 gallons

Page 16

Tanks

K, MOUNTED T OF LIQUID/DIAMETER)

Page 17

GAS LOSS THROUGH A PIPELINE RUPTURE OR HOLE

Round Hole Diameter of hole = Average Pressure = Specific Gravity = Atmos. Pressure = Gas Temperature F = Leak Time = Gas Loss in CF = Gas Loss in MCF = Gas Cost per MCF = Cost of Gas Loss = 1.95 990 0.618 12.85 60 0 59,198 59 $2.00 $118.40 Hours 1 Minutes 64,650 65 $2.00 $129.30 inches psig Pipe Data OD of Pipe = Wall Thickness = Rip or Gouge 2.35 0.154 Length in inches = Width in inches = Equivalent Diameter 2 1.5 1.95

For a Rip or Gouge, figure the Equivalent Diameter and place this value in the "Diameter of hole"

Use the column with the smallest numbers

Temperature Drop across a Regulator or Control Valve. Inlet Pressure in psig = Outlet Pressure in psig = 600 200

Temperature Drop =

27.2

degrees

GAS FLOW RATES AND FLOW TIME

Flow Rate = Time flowed = Volume Flowed =

2,000.0 7 583.3

MCFD HOURS MCFD 0 Minutes

Flow Rate = Volume to Flow = Time Required to Flow =

4,000.0 520.0 3.12

MCFD MCFD HOURS

Odorant Levels

Odorant in Part Per Million (PPM)= Odorant in pounds/MMCFD = Odorant in Parts Per Million "PPM" = Odorant level in Percent =

3 0.73 3 0.05

Equals = Equals = Equals = Equals =

0.73 2.993 0.0003 500

Pounds/MMCFD Parts Per Million "PPM" Percent Parts Per Million "PPM"

Gallons of Odorant = Pounds of Odorant = KNI at .50 pounds/mmcfd

1 5

Equals = Equals =

6.73 0.74

Pounds Gallons

Gas Vol

Volume of Gas
Starting Pressure in psig = Ending Pressure in psig = Pipe OD in inches = Pipe Wall Thickness inches = Length in Feet = Price per MCF = Pipe Size 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10 OD 2.375 2.875 3.5 4 4.5 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75 15 0 20 0.312 37,000 $2.00 Pipe Size 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 OD 12.75 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 Gas Value = $155 Total Volume in MCF = 77.7

= = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = = = =

Page 22

Tape Coat

Amount of tape coating required to coat a pipe.

Nominal Pipe Diameter, inches = Length in Feet = Surface Area in Square Feet = Feet of coating per roll = Width of coating in inches = % of overlap = Rolls of coating required =

4.5 40 47.1 100 4 25.0% 1.88

Page 23

% of SMYS

SMYS of Pipe, psi = Pipe Wall Thickness, inches = Nominal Pipe Diameter, inches = Operating Pressure = Yield Pressure, psig = % of SMYS at Operating Pressure =

24,000 0.188 8.625 100 1,046 9.56%

PL Design

Pipeline Design Formula

SMYS of Pipe, psi = Pipe Wall Thickness, inches = Actual Outside Diameter, inches = Seam Factor Class of Operation Factor = Class 1 = 0.72 Class 2 = 0.60 Class 3 = 0.50 Class 4 = 0.40 SMYS = 1.0 Pressure at 100% SMYS =

24,000 0.188 6.625 0.8 0.6

If SMYS is unknown 24,000 psi must be used

Operating pressure =

535

% of SMYS =

39.28%

MAOP, psig =

654

1,362

(for temp. <250 degrees, design factor = 1, longitudinal joint factor = 1) See DOT Part 192.101 for explaination

Pipe Size 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10

= = = = = = = = =

OD 2.375 2.875 3.5 4 4.5 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75

Pipe Size 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

= = = = = = = = =

OD 12.75 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42

Page 25

Air Blending
Starting Gas Volume scf Starting BTU/scf to Ending BTU/scf Required Air Volume scf Total Blended Volume scf BTU Balance Check

70,000,000

1,100

1,020

5,490,196

75,490,196

77,000,000,000 77,000,000,000

Gas Blending
Starting Gas Volume scf Starting BTU/scf Ending BTU/scf Blending Gas BTU/scf Volume of Blending Gas Required scf BTU Balance Check

220

1,050

1,054

1,140

10

231,000 11,665 242,665 242,665

Total Gas Volume =

230 scf

Tank Truck

TANK TRUCK NATURAL GAS VOLUME

Fill Pressure of Tank in psig = Minimum Usable Pressure in Tank psig = Tank Size in Pounds of Water = OR Tank Size in Gallons = 250 20 92,000 8,000 Size A Size B Volume = Volume = 24,881 18,023 Cu/Ft. Cu/Ft.

How long you can hold a Town or Project

Meter Volume CFMinute = Meter Pressure, psig = CORRECTED Volume CFH = 20 56 6,123 Time A = Time B = 4.06 2.94 Hours Hours

Page 27

Tank Truck

Page 28

Tensile

Tensile Strength of Weld Test Coupon Width Inches 1.1290 1.1245 1.1268 0.3132 Thickness Inches 0.2810 0.2750 0.2780

Widest Reading Next Reading Average Width Area sq/in =

Thickest Reading Next Reading Average Thickness Test Gage Pressure psig =

12,000.0

Multiplier =

2.0000

Tensile Strength in PSI =

76,619.4

Page 29

GAS VELOCITY
Gas Volume in MCFD = Nominal Pipe Diameter in inches = Pipe Wall thickness in inches = Pressure in psig = Barometric Pressure = Gas Temperature Deg. F = Gas Velocity = Gas Velocity = 198,000 24 0.312 780 14.7 45 13.8 9.4 ft/sec. miles/hr

Pig Speed

PIG SPEED

Volume of gas = Average Pressure = Barometric Pressure = Outside dia. of pipe = Pipe wall thickness = Speed = Speed =

500 950 13 36 0.558 7.04 10.33

MMCFD Starting pressure + End pressure / 2 PSIA Inches Inches MPH Ft./Sec. Distance/miles = Time/hours = 100 14.20

Page 31

Flow for Taping

Minimum Gas Flow for Welding on Pressurized line.

Nominal Pipe Diameter, inches = Pipe Wall Thickness, inches = Pressure, psig =

8.625 0.188 50

Minimum Gas Flow required, MCFD =

179

Page 32

Flow for Taping

Page 33

Buoyancy of Pipe in Fresh Water

O. D. of the Pipe in inches = Wall thickness of the Pipe in Inches = Weight of the pipe per foot is = Buoyancy in lbs./ft. =

10.75 0.5 55 -15.2

If the Buoyancy is a negative number, weights will not be required.

Weight

Weight of Steel Pipe

Nominal Pipe Diameter, inches = Pipe Wall Thickness, inches = Length in Feet =

8.625 0.187 1.0

Weight of Steel Pipe, lbs. =

16.81

Page 35

Weight

Page 36

Size of Gas Lines +/- 10%

OD of Pipe inches = Wall thickness inches = Starting Pressure Psig = Ending Pressure Psig = Atmos. Pressure = Length in Miles = Volume in MCFD = 2.35 0.125 100 60 14.1 4 201

Water Volume

WATER VOLUME

Nominal Pipe Diameter, inches = Pipe Wall Thickness, inches = Length in Feet = or Length in Miles =

4.000 0.000 1,000.0 1.0 Gallons = Gallons = 653.0 3,448

Page 38

MM to Inches

Conversion Tables
MM to Inches/Feet
MM = Inches = Feet = 60 2.00 3.00 Inches = 2.36 MM = MM = Feet = 50.8 914.4 0.20

Meters to Feet
Meters = Feet = 62.50 3.28 Feet = Meters = 205.06 1.00

Meters to Yards
Meters = Yards = 1.00 1.09 Yards = Meters = 1.09 1.00

Meters to Miles
Meters = Miles = 1,609.00 1.00 Miles = Meters = 1.00 1,609.30

Page 39

Drying

Drying of Pipeline after Hydrostatic Test

Diameter of Pipe, inches = Length in Miles =

24 10

Methanol Required Volume in gallons = Volume in Barrels = 1,008 24

Page 40

Drying

Page 41

Bolts

Stud Bolt requirements for Raised Face Flanges

Flange Size 1" std. 1 1/4 std. Insulated 2" std. Insulated 3" std. Insulated 4" std. Insulated 6" std. Insulated 8" std. Insulated 10" std. Insulated 12" std. Insulated 14" std. Insulated 16" std. Insulated 18" std. Insulated 20" std. Insulated 24" std. Insulated 26" std. 28" std. 30" std. 32" std. 34" std. 36" std. 42" std. 150# 4 - 1/2" x 2 1/2" 4 - 1/2" x 2 1/2" 4 - 1/2" x 3" 4 - 5/8" x 3" 4 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 4 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 4 - 5/8" x 4" 8 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 8 - 5/8" x 4" 8 - 3/4" x 4" 8 - 3/4" x 4" 8 - 3/4" x 4" 8 - 3/4" x 4 1/2" 12 - 7/8" x 4 1/2" 12 - 7/8" x 5" 12 - 7/8" x 4 1/2" 12 - 7/8" x 5" 12 - 1" x 5" 12 - 1" x 5 1/2" 16 - 1" x 5 1/2" 16 - 1" x 5 1/2" 16 - 1 1/8" x 5 1/2" 16 - 1 1/8" x 5 1/2" 20 - 1 1/8" x 6" 20 - 1 1/8" x 6 1/2" 20 - 1 1/4" x 7" 20 - 1 1/4" x 7" 24 - 1 1/4" x 7" 28 - 1 1/4" x 7" 28 - 1 1/4" x 7 1/2" 28 - 1 1/2" x 8" 32 - 1 1/2" x 8" 32 - 1 1/2" x 8 1/2" 36 - 1 1/2" x 9" 300# 4 - 5/8" x 3" 4 - 5/8" x 3" 4 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 8 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 8 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 8 - 3/4" x 4" 8 - 3/4" x 4 1/2" 8 - 3/4" x 4 1/2" 8 - 3/4" x 5" 12 - 3/4" x 5" 12 - 3/4" x 5" 12 - 7/8" x 5 1/2" 12 - 7/8" x 5 1/2" 16 - 1" x 6" 16 - 1" x 6 1/2" 16 - 1 1/8" x 6 1/2" 16 - 1 1/8" x 7" 20 - 1 1/8" x 7" 20 - 1 1/8" x 7" 20 - 1 1/4" x 7 1/2" 20 - 1 1/4" x 7 1/2" 24 - 1 1/4" x 7 1/2" 24 - 1 1/4" x 8" 24 - 1 1/4" x 8" 24 - 1 1/4" x 8 1/2" 24 - 1 1/2" x 9" 24 - 1 1/2" x 9 1/2" 28 - 1 5/8" x 10" 28 - 1 5/8" x 10 1/2" 28 - 1 3/4" x 11 1/2" 28 - 1 7/8" x 12" 28 - 1 7/8" x 12 1/2" 32 - 2" x 13" 600# 4 - 5/8" x 3 1/2" 4 - 5/8" x 4" 4 - 5/8" x 4" 8 - 5/8" x 4" 8 - 5/8" x 4 1/2" 8 - 3/4" x 5" 8 - 3/4" x 5" 8 - 7/8" x 5 1/2" 8 - 7/8" x 6" 12 - 1" x 6 1/2" 12 - 1" x 7" 12 - 1 1/8" x 7 1/2" 12 - 1 1/8" x 8" 16 - 1 1/4" x 8 1/2" 16 - 1 1/4" x 8 1/2" 20 - 1 1/4" x 8 1/2" 20 - 1 1/4" x 9" 20 - 1 3/8" x 9" 20 - 1 3/8" x 9 1/2" 20 - 1 1/2" x 10" 20 - 1 1/2" x 10" 20 - 1 5/8" x 10 1/2" 20 - 1 5/8" x 11" 24 - 1 5/8" x 11 1/2" 24 - 1 5/8" x 11 1/2" 24 - 1 7/8" x 13" 24 - 1 7/8" x 13" 28 - 1 7/8" x 13 1/2" 28 - 2" x 14" 28 - 2" x 14" 28 - 2 1/4" x 15" 28 - 2 1/4" x 15" 28 - 2 1/2" x 16" 900# 4 - 7/8" x 4 3/4" 4 - 7/8" x 4 3/4"

8 - 7/8" x 5 1/2"

8 - 7/8" x 5 1/2"

8 - 1 1/8" x 6 1/2"

12 - 1 1/8" x 7 1/2"

12 - 1 3/8" x 8 1/2"

16 - 1 3/8" x 9"

20 - 1 3/8" x 10"

20 - 1 1/2" x 10 1/2"

20 - 1 5/8" x 11"

20 - 1 7/8" x 13"

20 - 2" x 13 1/2"

20 - 2 1/2" x 17"

20 - 2 3/4" x 17 1/2" 20 - 3" x 18 1/2" 20 - 3" x 19" 20 - 3 1/4" x 20" 20 - 3 1/2" x 21" 20 - 3 1/2" x 21 1/2"

Page 42

Bolts

Page 43

Natural Gas verses Diesel Engines Operating Cost

Cost per Engine Horsepower = Cost of Diesel fuel per gallon = Cost of Natural Gas per MCF = Cost of Electric Power per KWhr = Electric Motor Efficiency = Cost per Day

1000 $1.20 $3.50 $0.035 90.0%

Operating Cost for Diesel Engine = Operating Cost for Gas Engine = Operating Cost for Electric Motors =

Hour

$63.96 $28.00 $29.00

$1,535.04 $672.00 $695.99

Cost per Month 24 hours

$46,051.20 $20,160.00 $20,879.60

Hydrogen Sulfide Conversions

Parts per Million to Grains Parts per Million = 16 Grains = 1.01

Grains to Parts per Million Grains = 2.45 Parts Per Million = 38.96

Y- Z Odorizer Calibration

Volume per Stroke = Weight of the Odorant = Volume of Odorant to be injected = Volume = Strokes = Gas Volume to be treated = Total Strokes required = Strokes per minute at a steady flow = Time between Strokes =

4.00 6.73 0.50 0.0743 70 0.200 14 0.01

cubic centimeters pounds/gallon Pounds/MMCFD Gallons/MMCFD Strokes/MMCFD MMCFD Strokes/day Strokes/minute

0.0011

gallons/stroke

1 gal = 3,785 cc

0.0149 0.1

gallons/day pounds/day

6145.01 Seconds

Temperature Conversions

Temperature in Deg. F = Temperature in Deg. C =

212.0 100.0

Temperature in Deg. C = Temperature in Deg. F =

100.0 212.0

MCF to MMBTU

MCF to MMBTU or MMBTU to MCF

MCF to MMBTU MCF = BTU = 1.00 900

MMBTU to MCF MMBTU = BTU = 1.00 1,000

MMBTU =

0.90

MCF =

1.00

Page 49