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ENGLISH EXERCISES A. SENTENCE BUILDING 1. they/going/ move/new house . 2. we/must/an end /this discussion /now .. 3.

. the teacher/the class/ four groups/last week . 4. The film so good/ I /it/ twice .. 5. we/ waiting/her/ since/ 9 oclock .. 6. I havent/able/find/another job .. 7. he/to join/ army very much .. 8. he/rich /that/he/buy/a Boing /himself .. 9. old woman/so poor/she/nothing/except/ old bike .. 10. I/ many / cousins /that/ I / not know/ all/ their/ name 11. That guy/ drink/ much wine/ felt/drunk / nearly three days . 12. If/ class/ begin/ morning/I / have/get up/ early. .. 13. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / a new / dictionary. .. 14. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / a Boing .. 15. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / travel/ the world .. 16. It/ hot/ summer/ than/ winter .. 17. A tiger/ run/ fast/ than / horse .. 18. Cong Vinh/ football/ better/ Van Quyen .. 19. The wedding/ the happy/ event/ her life .. 20. Sai Gon / the rich/ city/ Vietnam .. 21. When I/ cleaning/ floor/ friend/ came in .. 22. this time last year/ we/ study/ high school .. 23. while/ talking/ we / heard/ the fire bell// ring .. 24. We study / Tay Nguyen University / 2008 .. 25. We / obtain/ lot/ knowledge/ since .. 26. I search/ information / google page/ long time .. 27. our ears / important/ as/ eyes .. 28. mobile phones / nowadays/ not/ expensive / as / they/used to 29. it/never/ too / late/ study .. 30. 17/ not / old/ enough / vote .. II. Choose the word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1. Sylvester Stallone is a famous film ___________. A. actor B. star C. dancer 2. I wonder who painted the ___________ for the play. A. scene B. background C. view 3. There were only two actors on the _________ when the play started. A. platform B. scene C. floor 4. The spaceship descended slowly through the clouds. A. went up B. travelled C. went down 5. If a person wants to get a tube of toothpaste, he will probably go to _______ A. the barracks B. the dentist's C. the barber's 6. Fossil fuels are far too valuable to _________ on the production of electricity. A. waste B. destroy C. throw 7. She hung up the receiver. This means she __________ . A. let it hang B. held it C. didn't put it back 8. Valuable and famous paintings are expected to be found in ___________ . A. television studios B. art galleries C. universities 9. Many of the cars broke down. They ________ . A. were in pieces B. couldn't go C. were broken up 10. It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its _________ . A. opponents B. competitions C. enemies 11. Britain and France will eventually be _______ by the Channel Tunnel. A. tied B. fastened C. linked 12. I can't find my purse. I _________ it at the cinema. A. must have forgotten B. put C. must have left 13. I never feel sure what __________ by the word "democratic". A. means B. is meant C. is the meaning 14. I tried to solve the problems __________ the noise and interruptions. A. because of B. in case of C. in spite of III. Choose the best answer. 1. I thought this dress looked really nice in the shop, but now I wish I ............. it. a. wouldn't buy b. had bought c. would buy d. hadn't bought 2. The good thing is that the village is very quiet, but on the other ........... there aren't any shops. a. way b. side c. point of view d. hand 3. The ........ we get going, the sooner we'll finish.

D. person D. scenery D. stage D. proceeded D. the chemist's D. omit D. put it back in its place D. public squares D. were spoilt D. partners D. involved D. forgot D. to mean D. according to

a. quicker b. quickest c. quickly d. most quickly 4. Sheila succeeded ........ getting the manager's approval for the new project. a. at b. for c. to d. in 5. There's a man standing on the ........... corner who looks very suspicious. a. avenue b. path c. road d. street 7. She is ........... charming that everybody likes her. a. so b. such c. very d. too 8. Before going to India, my father .......... for an American bank for three years. a. has worked b. has been working c. worked d. works 9. You'll never .......... who I met in the street today. Mrs Jackson! a. suppose b. guess c. know d. find 10. Jane is a very good friend. I ........... her for a long time. a. have known b. knew c. know d. had known 11. He was going to reply to her letter, but for various reasons he never got ............. it. a. up to b. round to c. over d. out of 12. They tried to prevent me ............. going with then because they thought I had measles. a. to b. from c. by d. for IV. Choose the correct answer. 1._______ the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more. A. Nevertheless B. Meanwhile C. Despite D. Although 2.Ive always ________ you as my best friend. A. regarded B. thought C. meant D. supposed 3. You are ________ your time at school; you might just as well join the army. A. losing B. missing C. wasting D. spending 4. I dont see any ________ in arriving early at the theatre if the show doesnt start until 9 oclock. A. cause B. aim C. point D. reason 5. He filled in the necessary forms and ________ for the job. A. appealed B. asked C. requested D. applied 6. His failure ________ great disappointment to his parents. A. forced B. made C. caused D. provided 7. It is regretted that there can be no ________ to this rule. A. exclusion B. alternative C. exception D. deviation 8. Some people _______ at least four hours a day watching TV. A. take B. use C. spend D. last 9. Im very concerned ______ my sons health. A. of B. on C. from D. about 10. Petrol in this country is so expensive that we use _______ transport as much as possible. A. private B. means C. way D. public II. Choose the correct answer. 1. Dont be late for the interview, ________ people will think you are a disorganised person. A. unless B. otherwise C. if not D. or so 2. Spectators are reminded that it is ________ to take photographs during the match. A. prevented B. restricted C. forbidden D. banned 3. I________ at her for several moments, desperately trying to remember where Id seen her before. A. watched B. glimpsed C. observed D. stared 4. If we continue to ________ the worlds resources at this rate, therell soon be none left. A. having offered finish B. throw away C. damage D. use up 5. when the lights ________ , we couldnt see a thing. A. went out B. switched off C. put out D. extinguished 6. You looked terribly tired. You really ________ to get more sleep. A. should B. ought C. must D. could 7. Over recent years there has been a marked reduction ________ the number of people having foreign holidays. A. of B. in C. into D. for 8. Prizes are awarded ________ the number of points scored. A. resulting from B. adding up C. presented to D. according to 9. Technology is advancing so quickly that machines becomes ________ almost overnight. A. obsolete B. archaic C. stale D. second-hand 10. We had hardly sat down when she ________ plates of food for us. A. brought B. has brought C. had brought D. would have brought III. Choose the best answer to each question. 1. My friends main ________ for going abroad was his poor health. A. need B. reason C. cause D. desire 2.The examiner will test your ____________ to drive under normal conditions. A. ability B. advantage C. wisdom D. virtue 3. Over the past two years the _________ of living has risen considerably. A. rate B. charge C. cost D. price 4.A learner driver must be _________ by a qualified driver. A. connected B. accompanied C. involved D. associated 5. Mary is so ________ that people tell her all their troubles.

A. dependent B. confidential C. permission tolerant 6. Its so long since I saw him that I almost failed to _________ him. A. receive B. accept C. recognise D. approve 7. The police must now ________ the escaped convict in the surrounding countries. A. search B. look after C. look for D. be in search of 8. Newspapers should try to __________ printing statements that they cannot check. A. refuse B. neglect C. deny D. avoid 9. In Britain it is ________ for children to attend school between the ages of five and sixteen. A. enforced B. obliged C. compulsory D. made II. Choose the correct word which bests completes each sentence. 1. On her birthday her son presented her with a beautiful ________ of violets. A. pack B. pile C. bundle D. bunch 2. Motorway traffic was ________ after a lorry overturned and spilt its load over the northbound carriage way. A. diverged B. digressed C. deflected D. diverted 3. He _________ that he had been involved in the decision not to attack the enemy position. A. declined B. refused C. rejected D. denied 4. As I was ________ through the newspaper this morning, I came across a picture of an old army friend of mine. A. gazing B. glancing C. staring D. glimsing 5. I could _______ a note of panic in his voice. A. desist B. detect C. detest D. deter 6. I wont ________ those children making a noise in my house A. allow B. have C. let D. permit 7. In all ________ there will never be a third World War. A. chance B. probability C. certainty D. possibilities 8. We ________ the plumbers to install an extra radiator in the living-room. A. had B. made C. got D. arranged 9. I think its ________ your luck to drive without wearing a seat-belt. A. risking B. tempting C. pushing D. proving 10. Dont let anything _______ your from your training programme. A. defect B. distract C. defer D. disturb IV. Choose the best completion 1. Mr Jackson hopes to avoid surgery. He will not agree to the operation ________ he is convinced that it is absolutely necessary. A. in the event that B. unless C. if D. only if 2. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she ______ the fire department. A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. telephones 3. Some English words have the same pronunciation _______ they are spelled differently for example, I dear and deer. A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if 4. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she ________ any kind of contest. hasnt entered B. didnt enter C. wasnt entering D. hadnt entered 5. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _________ to visit friends and family several times. A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned 6. I couldnt use the pay phone, ________ I didnt have any coin with me. A. yet B. despite C. for D. even though 7. The next time Paul ______ to New York, he will visit the Metropolitan Museums famous collection of international musical instruments. A. will fly B. flies C. has flown D. will have flown 8. I have to eat breakfast in the morning. ______, I get hungry before my lunch break. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However 9. After Nancy ________ for twenty minutes, she began to feel tired. A. jogging B. had been sitting C. sits D. is sitting 10. I need to find an apartment before I can move _________ I can find one in the next week or so, I will move to Chicago the first of next month. A. Provided that B. Even if C. Due to D. Only if 11. By the time the young birds _______ the nest for good, they will have learned how to fly. A. will leave B. will have left C. are leaving II. Choose the correct answer. 1. Are you sure you told me? I dont recall _________ about it. A. having told B. having been told C. to have told D. to have been told 2. John appears ______ some weight. has he been ill? A. having lost B. having been lost C. to have lost D. to have been lost 3. Tom has made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didnt fire him. Hes lucky ______ a second chance. A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been given 4. Dr Wilson is a brilliant and dedicated scientist who had expected to be selected as the director of the institute. She was very upset not ________ the position. A. having offered B. having been offered C. to have offered D. to have been offered 5. By the time their babies arrives, the Johnsons hope ______ painting and decorating the new nursery. A. having finished B. having been finished C. to have finished D. to have been finished 6. We would like _______ to the presidents reception, but we werent.

A. having invited B. having been invited C. to have invited D. to have been invited 7. George mentioned _______ in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details. A. having injured B. having been injured C. to have injuredD. to have been injured 8. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they now regret ______ him by providing too many material possessions. A. having spoiled B. having been spoiled C. to have spoiled D. to have been spoiled 9. The spy admitted ________ some highly secret information to enemy agents. A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been given Complete each sentence with the most suitable word or phrase. 1. Thank you very much. Its very ________ you to help me. A. good with B. good of C. good for D. good about 2. The bad weather was _________ the series of power cuts. A. blamed for B. blamed on C. blamed with D. blamed by 3. Im sorry, but I _________ seeing the manager at once! A. arrange for B. look for C. agree with D. insist on 4. Why do you spend all your time _________ your sister! A. arguing about B. arguing for C. arguing with D. arguing at 5. Helen is very __________ going to work in Germany. A. excited about B. excited for C. excited with D. excited to 6. The tourists were not _________ the danger of bandits in the hills. A. known about B. aware of C. provided with D. guessed at 7. I understood the problem after it had been _______ me. A. explained to B. admitted to C. confessed to D. replied to 8. I wish you wouldnt show off and ________ your success as much! A. full of B. bored by C. boast about D. congratulate on 9. If you listen to music you cant ________ your homework. A. read about B. arrange for C. specialise in D. concentrate on 10. We though we would be ________ the storm if we sheltered under a tree. A. happy about B. safe from C. depended on D. cared for IV. Choose the correct answer. 1. I think I hear someone ________ the back window. Do you hear it, too? A. trying open B. trying to open C. try opening D. try to open 2. When Alan was questioned by the police, he admitted knowing about the embezzlement of funds from his company, but denied ________ in any way. A. to be involved B. involving C. having involved D. being involved 3. Mr Lee was upset by ________ him the truth. A. our not having told B. us not tell C. we didnt tell D. not to tell 4. Jack offered ________ care of my garden while I was out of town. A. take B. taking C. to have taken D. to take 5. Could you please come over? I need you ________ the refrigerator. A. help me moving B. helping me to move C. to help me move D. help me to move 6. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ________ to do it himself. A. of trying B. to try C. try D. from trying 7. A plane with an engine on fire approach the runway. ________ was frightening. There could have been a terrible accident. A. Watch it landing B. Watching it land C. To watch it to land D. Watching to land it 8. The customs officer opened the suitcase ________ if anything illegal was being brought into the country. A. seeing B. for seeing C. see D. to see 9. Sometimes young children have trouble ________ fact from fiction and may believe that dragons actually exists. A. to separate B. separating C. to be separatedD. for separating 10. I got Barbara ________ her car for the weekend. A. to let me to borrow B. let me borrow C. to let me borrow D. let me to borrow 11. Ill never forget ________ that race. What a thrill! A. to win B. win C. being won D. winning 12. No one has better qualifications. Carol is certain ________ for the job. A. to choose B. having chosen C. to be chosen D. being chosen 13. I was enjoying my book, but I stopped ________ a program on TV. A. reading to watch B. to read to watch C. to read for watching D. reading for to watch 14. Who is the woman talking to Mr Quinn? I dont recall ________ her around the office. A. to have seen B. seeing C. to see D. being seen. V. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. 1. Frankly, Id rather you A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt 2. Since they arent answering their telephone, they _______. A. must have left B. should have left C. need have left D. can have left 3. His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program. A. begin B. begins C. will begin D. is beginning 4. Lets go out for dinner, ______? A. will we B. dont we C. shall we D. are we 5.Id ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.

A. rather not have B. not rather had C. rather not to have D. rather not having 6. Would you please ________ write on the test book? A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not 7. It is imperative that you ______ there in person. A. be B. will be C. will have been D. are. 8.I really appreciate _______ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself. A. you to offer B. your offering C. that you offer D. that you are offering 9. This is the woman _______ the artist said posed as a model for the painting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 10. Let you and _______ agree to settle our differences without involving any of the other students. A. I B. myself C. me D. my III. Choose the word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1. He's just arrive ________ Bangkok airport. A. in B. on C. at D. with 3. The more quickly we walk, _______ we shall get there. A. soon B. the sooner C. the soonest D. very soon 4. Under no condition _____________ hope. A. will they give up B. they give up C. they would give up D. they giving up 5. Were a bridge built, more tourists would come to the island. A. Were B. If C. If they have D. Unless they have 6. He opened the door and let himself in quietly _______ not to wake the family. A. because B. so as C. so that D. to make sure 2. Most of the students are _______ to pass the examination. A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good 3. Where _______ all this morning? it's nearly midday. A. were you B. are you C. have you been D. are you being 4. We had to use our neighbour's telephone because ours was ___________ . A. out of work B. out of order C. off duty D. off work 5. The manager had his secretary ______ the report for him. A. type B. typed C. typing D. to type 6. It was _______ a boring speech that I felt asleep. A. such B. so C. very D. too V. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences. 1. We are in an energy ................... and we will have to do something before it is too late. A. danger B. crisis C. money D. problem 2. Its their parents wedding ................... tomorrow. A. memory B. souvenir C. meeting D. anniversary 3. Several shots were ................... in the night. A. exploded B. heard C. started D. opened 4. I am used to travelling by air. I am ................... to it. A. accustomed B. customary C. habitual D. inhabited 5. When Johns mother asked him to help her, he ................... he hadnt heard and went on reading his book. A. pretended B. acted C. appeared D. deceived 6. There is nothing very ................... in that town. A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoyable D. enjoying 7. How long ago ................... the first nuclear testing? A. was B. occurred C. happened D. took place 8. They reached their hotel ................... after landing at the airport. A. already B. shortly C. hardly D. scarcely 9. He devoted most of his time to ................... novels. A. to having written B. to writing C. to write D. to have written 10. The books cover every inch of floor space. They take up a lot of .................... A. room B. area C. place D. spaces V. Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences 1. His bad behaviour was put ................................... his upbringing. A. up with B. off C. by D. down to 2. You shouldn't ...................... at people. It's rude! A. watch B. glance C. stare D. peer 3. Can you ......................... me to your parents when you next see them? A. excuse B. remind C. forgetD. remember 4. I am ...................... the habit of reading in bed. A. in B. on C. of D. from 5. She ...................... the answer in his ear so nobody else could hear. A. told B. shouted C. whispered D. confessed 6. When his grandmother died, he came ..................... a fortune. A. into B. up with C. by D. across 7. There wasn't enough ........................... to convict the suspect. A. evidence B. suspicion C. proof D. prove 8. We were taken ............................ by his story.

A. in B. up C. on D. out 9. He ......................... her into buying a new car. A. convinced B. talked C. persuaded D. made 10. Their parents ......................... to let them go to the party. A. did not B. denied C. refused D. prevented Choose the best answer 1. A number of policemen ________ among the dead and ________ a. was/ wounding b. were / wounding c. were/ wounded d. was/wounded 2. That book looks like an advanced ________ text to me. a. economic b. economics c. economists d. economical 3. It's probable both that there were many severe storms in this area ________ ships sank. a. so many b. that many c. and many d. and that many 4. Does this package belong to ________ or is it yours? a. we b. us c. our d. ours 5. "Have you finished studying?" "No, but I wish ________" a. would b. had c. should d. have 6. "Peter was late for two classes this morning." "He said that he for got both of the ________." a. rooms number b. room number c. room's numbers d. room numbers 7. Will you please give back the pen that ________ yesterday? a. I borrow from you b. you lent to me c. you borrow to me d. I lent to you. 8. The window is shut ________ is the door. a. and neither b. but neither c. and so d. and either 9. I have never seen anything more ________ than this. a. embarrass b. embarrassing c. embarrassed d. to embarrass 10. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value ________ properly handled and protected. a. if b. has c. and d. that V. Choose the correct words in brackets. 1. I waited for you (during/ for/ since/ before) half an hour. 2. The national economy was seriously affected (for/ during/ until) the strike. 3. (during/ from/ of/ for) our stay in Paris, we visited a lot of interesting places. 4. Please don't interrupt me (during/ while/ from/before) I'm speaking. 5. I've just received an invitation (at/ towards/ to/ from / on) a wedding next week. 6. There has been a rise (of/ up/ in/ from) the cost of living in the past few years. 7. I'm hungry. What's (in / of/ before/ for) dinner this evening? 8. John and I have (confirmed, combined, arranged, appointed) to meet at the bus station at 9 o'clock. 9. You're (wasting, losing, spending, missing) your time trying to persuade him; he'll never help you. 10. It's time we (did, have done, do, shall do) what we were expected to do. 11. We are (waiting, expecting, hoping, wishing) him to arrive at any moment. 12. (Although, However, Owing to, In spite of) the wet weather, the football match went ahead. 13. While studying he was financially independent (off, from, of, in) his family. 14. You can't miss my house; it (against, opposite, across, aside) the fire station. 15. He went to bed (feels, feeling, fell, felt) very ill. III. Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions. 1. _______ judging of the results ______ the experiment we must take ______ account the fact that he has been working under great difficulties _______ several months. 2. Ive always found his attitude ________ me rather puzzling. 3. His chances ________ recovery after the operation were a hundred ________ one, but he did get well. 4. He clearly felt he couldnt put _______ ________ such unfair treatment any longer and decided to have it _________ the manager that same afternoon. 5. There is no better way __________ learning than __________ experience. 6. Good health depends ________ good food, regular hours and fresh air. 7. May I have a word _______ you ________ a business matter? 8. Hasnt it ever occurred _______ you that you might have been the one responsible _______ the accident? 9. After graduation he returned _______ his native village _______ the purpose _______ setting _______ a school there. 10. If they are really concerned _______ his future and want him to be prepared _______ the hardships of life, they shouldnt make things too smooth _____ him. IV. Fill the gaps in these sentences with suitable prepositions. 1. Sarah quarrelled _______ Louise _______ the preparation _______ the party. 2. You can never rely ________ Anna to provide you _______ information. 3. You can only succeed ________ passing and exam if you revise carefully _______ it. 4. The police suspected that the goods had been stolen _____ the shop, but the receipt proved that they had been paid _______ . 5. At the end of the party, we thanked our hosts and hostesses _______ inviting us. 6. On be half of the students and staff, I'd like to welcome you ___________ our school. 7. Eric reminds me ________ Paul McCartney, but they aren't related ________ each other. 8. The staff are responsible _______ their boss ________ the decisions they make.

9. I've got plenty of sandwiches, would you like to share them ________ me? 10. Kate is suffering _______ a bad cold and she wants you to sympathise __________ her. 11. I'm tired ________ waiting ________ Jim to arrive. I object _______________ his unpunctuality. 12. Helen worked ________ ACME plc for a year and then she resigned ________ the job. V. Match a sentence beginnings (1-12) with their endings (a-l). Then complete each sentences by choosing the correct preposition from the box. There is sometimes more than one possible ending. about - at - for - of - on - with 1. He was arrested ... a) doing the same thing all the time; I need a 2. Im terrified ... change. 3. The children are responsible ... b) eating fruit which hasnt been washed. 4. Youve been warned ... c) taking decisions. 5. Im sorry ... d) winning the gold medal. 6. My parents congratulated me ... e) giving you a hand. 7. Im bored ... f) leaving such a girl to look after the children. 8. Im very decisive. Im really bad ... g) being in the house on my own. 9. Im worried ... h) passing my exams. 10. You need some help. I insist ... i) cleaning their own rooms. 11. Shes a brilliant athlete and is capable ... j) not writing back sooner. 12. Hes asked me to make a speech at his wedding but I get very nervous ... k) speaking in public. l) driving dangerously. III. Fill in each blank with a correct preposition or adverbial particle. 1. _______ the two sisters, the younger was a much better actress, always leaving the elder sister ______ the shade. 2. Say something to cheer her ________, she is ________ low spirits today. 3. I called the wrong number _______ accident. 4. The medicine ought to be taken _______ definite hours _______ a glass _______ warm milk. 5. _______ spite _____ the early hour we found a restaurant already open and went _______ _______ a quick meal. 6. The last time we me was _______ the occasion _______ some family meeting. 7. She got _______ the shock _______ a speed I never expected _______ her. 8. She was proud _______ the fact that she was independent _______ her parents. III. Supply the missing preposition, then refer to the text. 1. He's really ashamed ______ what he did. 9. He was married ______ Sue for a day. 2. We're all very obliged ______ you. 10. I hope you are satisfied ______ my work. 3. I think he's capable ______ anything. 11. I'm faithful______ my principle. 4. This service is free ______ charge. 12. I know you'll be annoyed ______ me. 5. He's quite careless ______ danger. 13. I've been so anxious ______ you. 6. They went ahead contrary ______ my advice. 14. She's so clever ______ solving problems. 7. She's very nervous ______ the new boss. 15. I'm really amazed ______ your behaviour. 8. We're angry ______ the way she behaved. 16. I'm going to be late ______ work again. IV. Insert suitable prepositions in the following. 1. There was an accident_______ the cross-roads ________ midnight last night. Two men were taken _________ hospital. I believe one of them is still ________ hospital. 2. ___________ the daytime the streets are crowded but __________ night they are quite deserted. 3. _______ first her father refused to allow her to go back _________ work; but __________ the end he agreed. 4. ____________ the beginning of a textbook there is a preface, and _________ the end there is an index. 5. When he began speaking ________ English, she looked _________ him _______ amazement. 6. I was horrified ______ his appearance. He looked as if he hadnt slept _______ weeks. 7. The house is _______ fire ! Send _______ the Fire Brigade! 8. You do not comply __________ the traffic regulations you will get ________ trouble ________ the police. 9. I was _______ the impression that I had paid you _______ the work you did ________ me. 10. I see ______ todays paper that you need a secretary______ a knowledge of French. I should like to apply ________the post. III. Complete the passage by inserting a correct preposition in each space Sir John was born ............. eight oclock ............. the morning ............. a fine day ............. August ............. the year of Our Lord 1452. The birth took place ............. a Sunday and as Sir Johns father was ............. church he did not hear............. his own sons birth until he got back home later ............. the day: ............. noon the news had spread far and wide and cheering villagers assembles ............. the manor, where they remained until the happy father had served them ............. strong ale, brewed ............. the autumn ............. the preceding year:............. night bonfires burnt ............. the surrounding hills and ............. the stroke of midnight the church bells were rung ............. enthusiasm. The festivities went on ............. dawn and ............. sunrise the tired peasantry retired ............. last ............. their beds to sleep ............. a couple of hours ............. resuming their labours: ............. their short sleep they awake muzzy-headed and ............. that day little work was done. V. Say which of the following prepositions could acceptably replace each dash in the sentences below: 1. Come _______ my room and sit down _______. 2. Stand _______ the door and show the visitors _______ their seats. 3. Take this parcel _______ my house. I live _______, Leicester Avenue. 4. Stick this notice _______ the notice-board. Dont let anyone take it _______ the notice-board, will you? 5. I dont want anyone else _______ the platform, so please keep it right _______ it. 6. Take that dangerous weapon _______ him and keep it _______ him. 7. How far is it _______ here _______ the station?

8. Mary stood _______ the window watching as the dog chased the intruder _______ the garden. 9. Many people work _______ the town and go _______ the country for the week-end. 10. Most government offices are situated _______ the capital, but some have moved _______ the provinces. 11. Do you really live _______ New Delhi? I stopped _______ New Delhi once on the flight _______ Tokyo _______ London. 12. My younger brother is still _______ school. he will be going _______ university next year. VI. Replace each dash by one of the following prepositions. above, below, beneath, beyond, from in, into, out of, over, past , to ,under 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. If you run ________ difficulties or find yourself ________ any trouble at all, Ill help you out. Were ________ no danger now. I can assure you that were safely ________ danger at last. Im sorry, we have no typewriter ribbons ________ stock. weve been ________ stock for several days. His attitude in writing this letter is ________ contempt. It is ________ my dignity to reply. Im afraid youre too old. Youre ________ age. I was ________ the impression you were younger. Dont panic. The situation is ________ control. The captain knows exactly what to do ________ the circumstances. You usually find me ________ a good humour, but, really your behaviour to day is ________ a joke. You must face facts. You are ________ your prime, and the time has come when we should release you ________ your heavy responsibilities. 9. Johns work is very good. It is well ________ the average. But Jacks is ________ the standard I expect in this class. 10. The purpose of welfare services is to provide security ________ the cradle ________ the grave. 11. Due to circumstances ________ our control, we have run ________ debt. The situation is, however, not ________ hope, and I am confident that we can soon put our affairs ________ order again. VI. Put a correct preposition in each space. 1. If you leave your things all ____ the place again, I shall punish you ____ your untidiness. 2. The fire is ____, we have run ____ ____ coal, so we shall just have to make the best ____ it. 3. It was thanks ____ you that he was successful ____ carrying ____ his project. 4. ____ ____ ____ all his faults, you must admit that he is easy to get ____ ____ ; he is always ____ good temper. 5. Don't be ____ such a hurry, I can't keep ____ ____ you. 6. I don't know how to get ____ touch ____ Mrs. Green. She's not ____ the phone. 7. I have nothing ____ common ____ him, so we have put an end ____ our friendship once and ____ all. 8. You must account ____ the manager ____ the money you have used. 9. ____ what extent did she benefit ____ her uncle's death? III. Insert a preposition if necessary. Choose from at, by, for, in, of, on, until, to, with 1. I thought he would offer ........ Jim the job, but he offered it ........ me. 2. Keep ........ a place and keep a place .......... Ann too. 3. When you have lunch ........... a restaurant, who pays ........ the bill? Oh, each ...... us pays ....... what he has had. 4. If you are going ...... the Post Office, could you buy ........... me a book ........ stamps? 5. He told them to wait .......... him ........ the bridge. 6. We didn't reach Berlin ......... after dark, and had some difficulty ........ finding our hotel. 7. If we say "The manager showed us to out room," we mean that he led ....... us ...... the door. If we say, "He showed .......... us the room," we mean that he entered ......... the room ...... us. 8.He suggested ....... me that we should offer to pay ............... her .......... dollars. VI. Supply the missing prepositions. 1. Sharon often reminds me ________ her mother. 10. How do you convert miles ________ kilometres? 2. You should divide the number ________ seven. 11. They were all searched ________ drugs. 3. I congratulate you ________ your success. 12. She'll adapt herself ________ our way of life 4. I admire her ________ so many qualities. 13. Who will defend us ________ the enemy. 5. Please reserve this seat ________ me. 14. I can't compare my flat ________ yours. 6. Who informed you ________ this? 15. I'm not investing money ________ oil. 7. I always identify myself ________ the hero. 16. You can't accuse me ________ laziness. 8. Please describe him ________ me. 17. Attach this label ________ the handle. 9. The I'll have to refer you ________ the manager. 18. She was robbed ________ her life savings. VII. Insert the correct prepositions 1. He was operated ______ yesterday. 2. She was taken ______ hospital. 3. He suffered ______ bad headaches. I have a pain ______ my back. 4. What's wrong ______ you? 5. He dies ______ cancer. 6. She got worse so they sent ______ a doctor. III. Fill each gap with a suitable preposition 1. Everyone admires him ................... his wisdom and 6. Peter's always boasting ........ his own achievements. common sense. 7. Would you like to borrow a pen ...... me? 2. I agree ............ you ............... the need to improve public 8. John is capable ............ doing much better work than this. transport services. 9. We would like to congratulate you ............ getting 3. Dick apologised ......... not sending us a thank you letter. engaged. 4. I don't approve ...... travelling first class on trains or planes. 10. Water consists ....... hydrogen and oxygen. 5. We all started to argue ..... him .......... his political ideas.I 11. The salesman tried to convince me ....... the advantages of

believe ........ government support for public transport services. Everyone can benefit ................... a better road system.

buying the car. 12. The is no simple cure .............. hay fever. 13. You can't blame me ............. your own mistakes.

IV. Complete the following passage using the correct answer. The first human beings probably lived about 2,5 million years ago. But man did not begin to (1) _______ history until he had invented writing only about 5,0000 years ago. The period before man began to write is called prehistory, and the (2) _______ prehistoric man refers to people who lived during that period. Prehistoric man (3)_______ the first steps in building civilisation. The (4) _______ people were all hunters. In time, many hunters learned to plant crops and (5) _______ animals for food, and they became farmers. Prehistoric man (6) _______ simple tools, and he discovered how to make fire. he painted the first pictures and shapes the first (7) _______ . And he built and governed the first cities. Because early man kept no written records, scientists search for bones, tools, and other prehistoric (8) _______ . They study these objects to learn what early man looked (9) _______ , how he lived, and how he developed into modern man. Most of the tools that have been found and studied are made of stone. (10)_______ , the entire period during which early man lived has been called the Stone Age. A record B keep C preserve D remind A role B term C character D title 1. A moved B put C brought D took 2. A oldest B earliest C eldest D wildest 3. A rise B raise C brought up D grew 4. A invented B manufactured C made out D turned out 5. A sculptures B pottery C pyramids D projects 6. A remains B signals C signs D symptoms 7. A on B like C as D forward 8. A Besides B Then C As a result D By consequences V. Complete the following passage using the correct answer. Concord, the worlds fastest and most graceful (1) ____ plane, will soon be 25 years old. It first flew on 2 march 1969, from Toulouse in France. Concord was developed by both France and Britain. From 1956 these two countries had a (2)____ of a supersonic passenger plane. In 1962 they started to work together on the (3) ____ . The plane cost over $1,5 billion to develop. It is the most (4) ____ plane in the history of (5) ____ . It was given over 5,000 hours of testing. Concord flies at twice the speed of sound. This means that it takes only 3 hours 25 minutes to fly between London and New York, compared with 7 - 8 hours in other passenger jets. because of the five-hour time (6)____ between the USA and Britain, it is possible to travel west on Concord and arrive in New York before you leave London! You can (7) ____ the 10:30 am flight from London, Heathrow and start work in New York an hour earlier! Concord is much used by business people and film stars. But its oldest passenger was Mrs Ethel Lee from Leicestershire in England. She was 99 years old when she (8)____ from Heathrow on 24 February 1985. Each Concord is built at a (9)____ of $ 55 million. Twenty have been built so far. Air France and British Airways (10) ____ the most. They each have seven planes. 1. A. transportation B. carriage C. conveyance D. passenger 2. A. expectation B. dream C. hope D. imagination 3. A. project B. plot C. structure D. development 4. A. tested B. tried C. investigated D. experimented 5. A. flight B. aviation C. space D. locomotion 6. A. separation B. division C. expansion D. difference 7. A. run B. transport C. catch D. register 8. A. blasted B. launched off C. took off D. flew off 9. A. cost B. price C. expense D. expenditure 10. A. own B. mortgage C. hire D. master II. Choose the correct word to fill in the numbered spaces. Modern cinema audience expect to see plenty of thrilling scenes in action films. These scenes, which are _______ (1) as stunts, are usually _________ (2) by stuntmen who are specially trained to do dangerous things safely. ________ (3) can crash a car, but if you are shooting a film, you have to be extremely _________ (4), sometimes stopping _________ (5) in front of the cameraman and film crew. At an early __________ (6) in the production, an expert stuntman is ________ (7) in to work out the action scenes and form a team. He is the only person who can go _________ (8) the wishes of the director. _________ (9) he will usually only do this in the ________ (10) of safety. many famous actors like to do the dangerous parts themselves, which produces better shots, since stuntmen do not have to _________ (11) in for the actors. Actors like to become _________ (12) in all the important aspects of the character they are playing, but without the recent progress in safety equipment, insurance companies would never _________ (13) them take the risk. To do their own stunts, actors need to be good athletes, but they must also be sensible and know their _________ (14). If they were to be hurt, the film would _________ (15) to a sudden halt. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A. remarked A. performed A. Everyone A. detailed A. right A. period A. led A. over A. despite B. known B. given B. Someone B. plain B. exact B. minutes B. taken B. against B. so C. referred C. fulfilled C. Anyone C. straight C. direct C. part C. drawn C. through C. although D. named D. displayed D. No one D. precise D. strict D. called D. named D. across D. otherwise

10. A. interests B. needs C. purposes D. regards 11. A. work B. get C. put D. stand 12. A. connected B. arranged C. involved D. affected 13. A. allow B. let C. permit D. admit 14. A. limits B. ends C. frontiers D. borders 15. A. come B. fall C. pull D. go IV. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. elderly medical treatment physically disabled pension schooling mentally handicapped eligible out of work social services benefits social workers welfare state retire subsidized low incomes A country which helps its old, sick, disabled and unemployed is called a (1) ________ . ( 2) ________ people receive a state (3) ________ when they (4)________ at the age of 60 or 65. People with (5)________ who cannot afford to buy or rent decent accommodation are given houses or flats with (6)________ rents, which means that the government or local council supports the rent to keep it low. Mothers of small children get special state financial (7)________, and of course older children receive free (8)________. (9) ________ people, who cannot move normally, and (10)________ to receive unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The (11)________ (government departments responsible for people's well being) will help people who financially, physically, or psychologically, have difficulties in coping with the life and (12)________ will visit such people in their homes. II. Choose the correct word or phrase. Many people buy suitcases to carry ________ (1) when they go abroad ________ (2) and never take the trouble to find out whether they will be ________ (3) to survive the journey. ________ (4) case you buy - and obviously ________ (5) you pay for it the better it is likely to be - you should be careful ________ (6) too much into it. a lot of passengers ________ (7) and then the locks break. Some people think manufacturers should say how much ________ (8). But the manufacturers say it depends ________ (9) the quality of the case. a cheap case, ________ (10) has been badly made, will obviously not last as long as an expensive one. 1. A. his luggages B. his luggage C. their luggages D. their luggage 2. A. in holiday B. on holiday C. in holidays D. on holidays 3. A. so strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. too strong 4. A. However B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Which 5. A. the more B. the most C. how much D. how many 6. A. for not packing B. to not pack C. not to pack D. in order not to pack 7. A. do so B. do such C. make so D. make such 8. A. can carry the case B. the case can carry C. can bear the case D. the case can bear 9. A. for B. with C. in D. on 10. A. what B. which C. it D. when II. Read the following paragraph, underline the correct word or words in brackets. There is now increasing concern about the worlds energy (1) ______, particularly about those involving fossil (2) ______. In less than a hundred years we shall probably (3) ______ all the present (4) ______ of oil and gas. The worlds coal (5) ______ should last longer but, once used, these cannot be (6) ______. It is important, therefore, that we should develop such (7) ______ sources of energy as solar energy as well as water and wind (8) ______ (classed as (9) ______ energy). Until these energy (10) ______ are widely used, it is important for the developed countries to reduce consumption as much as possible. 1. A. possessions B. resources C. goods D. materials 2. A. fuels B. powers C. forms D. energy 3. A. end B. complete C. total D. exhaust 4. A. findings B. productions C. amounts D. sources 5. A. reserves B. stores C. mines D. contents 6. A. findings B. productions C. amounts D. sources 7. A. traditional B. alternative C. revolutionary D. surprising 8. A. force B. strength C. power D. motion 9. A. repeatable B. continual C. renewable D. continuous 10. A. goods B. supplies C. provisions D. materials II. Choose the correct word to put in each space The first pictures of Mars taken by the Viking spacecraft showed that there may once have been ______ (1) the planet. Mars seemed red from the Earth and in fact______ (2). The probable reason______ (3) this is that it is apparently covered with iron ore oxide, ______ (4) means that there must be oxygen there. Viking also carried with it a machine to collect samples of the soil. The samples contained oxygen, and there is no doubt, ______ (5), that nitrogen, a gas which is ______ (6) essential to life as oxygen, also exists in the Martian atmosphere. One of the most remarkable discoveries is that ______ (7) that the oxygen is being turned into carbon dioxide. This interested scientists to _______ (8) extent that _____ (9) of them began experiments in the American desert to see if the Earth soils would behave in the same way ______ (10) from Mars. 1. A. the life in 2. A. there is 3. A. of 4. A. which 5. A. too 6. A. like B. the life on B. it is B. to B. what B. however B. similar C. life in C. its C. why C. that C. either C. as D. life on D. it's D. for D. it D. neither D. so

7. A. there is evidence B. there are evidences C. it is evidences D. they are evidences 8. A. a so great B. a such C. so much D. such an 9. A. a big lot B. a great deal C. some D. an amount 10. A. than the ones B. as the ones C. than the one D. as the one IV. Choose the correct form. Only one answer is correct When I was a boy, children always objected to (1) _________ school uniform but teachers were (2)_________ it because they said all of us looked (3) _________ . Otherwise, they said, children would compete with (4)_________ and the poorer children would be unhappy because people would see straight away (5) _________ . In recent years, however, many scholars have (6)_________ the idea of making children (7) _________ uniform but, funnily enough, now that children can wear (8)_________ they like, they have adopted (9)_________ When some journalists visited a (10)_________ they found that all the boys and girls were dressed (11) _________ jeans. One girl said she would rather (12) _________ wear a coat instead of a jersey because (13) _________ wants to took different (14) _________ the other children in the class. Parents (15)_________ not be as happy about this as children, but they (16)_________ to be, because this new kind of uniform is (17)_________ the children like, not something (18) _________ to wear, and it is also (19)_________ than school uniforms (20) . 1. A. wearing 2. A. keen in 3. A. like 4. A. each other 5. A. what poor were they 6. A. left over 7. A. to wear 8. A. that 9. A. an uniform 10. A. London school 11. A. on 12. A. to die than 13. A. anyone 14. A. than 15. A. must 16. A. ought 17. A. a one what 18. A. it's been forced to them 19. A. much more cheaper 20. A. used to be B. dressing B. keen on B. to be like B. another B. what poor they were B. taken off B. wear B. which B. a uniform of their own B. London's school B. by B. to die that B. no one B. that B. can B. should B. a one that B. they have been forced B. much more cheap B. use to be C. wear C. eager in C. alike C. themselves C. how poor were they C. put out C. wearing C. what C. a proper uniform C. school of London C. in C. die that C. none C. from C. could C. had C. one what C. they've been forcing C. much cheaper C. are used to be D. dress D. eager on D. to be alike D. ourselves D. how poor they were D. given up D. that they wear D. as D. a uniform of his own D. school at London D. with D. die than D. someone D. to D. may D. would D. one that D. it has been forcing them D. more cheaper D. are usually being

IV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. I have a brother who is (1) ______ me. We (2) ______. yesterday was an important day (3) ______ friends. In the morning (4) of us had a bid exam at the technical college and then (5) ______ there was a big meeting at the youth club at 9 o'clock. (That's where we usually go when we want to (6) ______ ourselves.) A rich woman had given us some money and yesterday we (7) ______ decide what to do (8) ______. Many people wanted to buy something new for our club, but my brother and I wanted to give the money to another club that has (9) ______. In the end we decided to give half to the poor club and (10) ______ half for ourselves. 1. A. so old as B. so old that C. the same age D. the same age as 2. A. both are 16 B. are both 16 C. are 16 both D. are 16 the both 3. A. to us and our B. for us and our C. to us and ours D. for us and ours 4. A. most B. much C. more D. few 5. A. last night B. the last night C. last evening D. the last evening 6. A. enjoy B. meet C. like D. divert 7. A. had to B. must C. should D. would 8. A. with it B. with them C. for it D. for them 9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 10. A. keep another B. keep the other C. hold another D. hold the other V. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. The price of hotels in Britain is going up (1) .................. at any time since the war. There are a number of reasons for this but the (2) .................. all is the Government's economic policy. Managers in factories see (3) .................. so they are attracted to the idea of owning (4) .................. businesses. (5) .................. Britain's weather is often disappointing, the tourist industry is growing. Many people (16) .................. like to combine a (17) .................. holiday with the opportunity of improving their English . It is therefore not surprising that businessmen are buying hotels. The only thing (18) .................. worries me is the kind of treatment their guests are (19) .................. to receive since (20) .................. of them know anything about hotel management. 1. A. more fast than B. more fast that C. faster than 2. A. most important of B. more important of C. most important from 3. A. to fall their standard of living B. falling their standard of living C. their standard of living to fall D. their standard of living falling 4. A. his proper B. his own C. their proper 5. A. In spite of B. Although C. Even 6. A. in the Continent B. in the overseasC. abroad D. faster that D. more important from D. their own D. However D. foreign

7. A. fortnight B. fortnight's C. two weeks D. two week's 8. A. that B. what C. as D. who 9. A. like B. probable C. probably D. likely 10. A. little B. some C. few D. a few V. Choose the correct word to put in each space The National Health Service in Britain has grown into ______ (1) big organisation that it now employs more people ______ (2) in the country ______ (3) efficient and organisation like this may be, it is bound to _______ (4)sooner or later but ______ (5) the public can do whey they occur. The patients' Association gives ______ (6) when they think they have not been properly looked after. Some time ago the Association fought against the Government's idea ______ (7) general health centres for individual doctors. It is said it did not want to tell the Health Service ______ (8) do but added that it ______ spend more on doctors salaries _______ (10) would be cheaper than building health centres. 1. A. a such B. such a C. so D. a so 2. A. than any B. than some C. that any D. that some 3. A. For B. It doesn't mind C. Whatever D. However 4. A. make faults B. do faults C. make mistakes D. do mistakes 5. A. there is a few B. there is little C. it is few D. it is a little 6. A. to people advice B. to people advises C. people advice D. people advices 7. A. of substituting B. for substitute C. for replacing D. for replace 8. A. that it must B. that it is to C. what is to D. what to 9. A. should have to B. needs C. should D. ought 10. A. which B. who C. that D. it II. Choose the correct word to put in each space The first pictures of Mars taken by the Viking spacecraft showed that there may once have been ______ (1) the planet. Mars seemed red from the Earth and in fact______ (2). The probable reason______ (3) this is that it is apparently covered with iron ore oxide, ______ (4) means that there must be oxygen there. Viking also carried with it a machine to collect samples of the soil. The samples contained oxygen, and there is no doubt, ______ (5), that nitrogen, a gas which is ______ (6) essential to life as oxygen, also exists in the Martian atmosphere. One of the most remarkable discoveries is that ______ (7) that the oxygen is being turned into carbon dioxide. This interested scientists to _______ (8) extent that _____ (9) of them began experiments in the American desert to see if the Earth soils would behave in the same way ______ (10) from Mars. 1. A. the life in B. the life on C. life in D. life on 2. A. there is B. it is C. its D. it's 3. A. of B. to C. why D. for 4. A. which B. what C. that D. it 5. A. too B. however C. either D. neither 6. A. like B. similar C. as D. so 7. A. there is evidence B. there are evidences C. it is evidences D. they are evidences 8. A. a so great B. a such C. so much D. such an 9. A. a big lot B. a great deal C. some D. an amount 10. A. than the ones B. as the ones C. than the one D. as the one IV. Choose the correct form. Only one answer is correct When I was a boy, children always objected to (1) _________ school uniform but teachers were (2)_________ it because they said all of us looked (3) _________ . Otherwise, they said, children would compete with (4)_________ and the poorer children would be unhappy because people would see straight away (5) _________ . In recent years, however, many scholars have (6)_________ the idea of making children (7) _________ uniform but, funnily enough, now that children can wear (8)_________ they like, they have adopted (9)_________ When some journalists visited a (10)_________ they found that all the boys and girls were dressed (11) _________ jeans. One girl said she would rather (12) _________ wear a coat instead of a jersey because (13) _________ wants to took different (14) _________ the other children in the class. Parents (15)_________ not be as happy about this as children, but they (16)_________ to be, because this new kind of uniform is (17)_________ the children like, not something (18) _________ to wear, and it is also (19)_________ than school uniforms (20) . 1. A. wearing 2. A. keen in 3. A. like 4. A. each other 5. A. what poor were they 6. A. left over 7. A. to wear 8. A. that 9. A. an uniform 10. A. London school 11. A. on 12. A. to die than 13. A. anyone 14. A. than 15. A. must 16. A. ought 17. A. a one what B. dressing B. keen on B. to be like B. another B. what poor they were B. taken off B. wear B. which B. a uniform of their own B. London's school B. by B. to die that B. no one B. that B. can B. should B. a one that C. wear C. eager in C. alike C. themselves C. how poor were they C. put out C. wearing C. what C. a proper uniform C. school of London C. in C. die that C. none C. from C. could C. had C. one what D. dress D. eager on D. to be alike D. ourselves D. how poor they were D. given up D. that they wear D. as D. a uniform of his own D. school at London D. with D. die than D. someone D. to D. may D. would D. one that

18. A. it's been forced to them 19. A. much more cheaper 20. A. used to be

B. they have been forced B. much more cheap B. use to be

C. they've been forcing C. much cheaper C. are used to be

D. it has been forcing them D. more cheaper D. are usually being

IV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. I have a brother who is (1) ______ me. We (2) ______. yesterday was an important day (3) ______ friends. In the morning (4) of us had a bid exam at the technical college and then (5) ______ there was a big meeting at the youth club at 9 o'clock. (That's where we usually go when we want to (6) ______ ourselves.) A rich woman had given us some money and yesterday we (7) ______ decide what to do (8) ______. Many people wanted to buy something new for our club, but my brother and I wanted to give the money to another club that has (9) ______. In the end we decided to give half to the poor club and (10) ______ half for ourselves. 1. A. so old as B. so old that C. the same age D. the same age as 2. A. both are 16 B. are both 16 C. are 16 both D. are 16 the both 3. A. to us and our B. for us and our C. to us and ours D. for us and ours 4. A. most B. much C. more D. few 5. A. last night B. the last night C. last evening D. the last evening 6. A. enjoy B. meet C. like D. divert 7. A. had to B. must C. should D. would 8. A. with it B. with them C. for it D. for them 9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 10. A. keep another B. keep the other C. hold another D. hold the otherV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. The price of hotels in Britain is going up (1) .................. at any time since the war. There are a number of reasons for this but the (2) .................. all is the Government's economic policy. Managers in factories see (3) .................. so they are attracted to the idea of owning (4) .................. businesses. (5) .................. Britain's weather is often disappointing, the tourist industry is growing. Many people (16) .................. like to combine a (17) .................. holiday with the opportunity of improving their English . It is therefore not surprising that businessmen are buying hotels. The only thing (18) .................. worries me is the kind of treatment their guests are (19) .................. to receive since (20) .................. of them know anything about hotel management. 1. A. more fast than B. more fast that C. faster than D. faster that 2. A. most important of B. more important of C. most important from D. more important from 3. A. to fall their standard of living B. falling their standard of living C. their standard of living to fall D. their standard of living falling 4. A. his proper B. his own C. their proper D. their own 5. A. In spite of B. Although C. Even D. However 6. A. in the Continent B. in the overseas C. abroad D. foreign 7. A. fortnight B. fortnight's C. two weeks D. two week's 8. A. that B. what C. as D. who 9. A. like B. probable C. probably D. likely 10. A. little B. some C. few D. a few I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. A good deal of fascinating research has been done about the reading patterns of young people, and it is surprising to discover at what an early age children start expressing preferences for particular kinds of books. A recent report, which examines in detail the reading habits of primary-school children, showed that even seven-year-old boys and girls have a clear view about what they want to read. Girls, in general, read more, and far more girls than boys preferred reading stories. Boys were showing a taste the more instant appeal of picture stories, or else books about their hobbies. These tastes continue unchanged until the children are teenagers. Apparently girls read more in general, but more fiction in particular. You could say that there are more opportunities for girls to read fiction: magazines encourage the fiction habit in girls in their early teens, and by their late teens they have probably moved on to the adult women's magazines. Teenage boys tend to buy magazines about their hobbies: motorcycles, heavy transport and so on. Adult reading tastes are also the subject of research. Again the number of women who read for pleasure is considerably higher than the number of men. It seems that the majority of women still want love stories. There has also been some analysis of what men actually read. Apparently only 38 per cent of men read anything, but 50 percent of what they read is fiction in the form of action-packed stories of space or gunmen. 1. Recent research into children's reading has shown that they A. start to read at a very early age B. have formed their reading tastes by the time they are seven C. examine in detail what they read at school B. can read clearly and distinctly in primary school 2. A close look at the reading habits of boys and girls shows that A. schools give more encouragement to girls than to boys B. magazines appeal more to boys than girls C. picture stories appeal more to girls than boys D. girls are more interested in fiction than boys 3. Research into adult reading habits has shown that A. the majority of men read nothing at all B. women do not read about their hobbies C. 38% of men have difficulty in reading D. men prefer to read about current affairs 4. According to the passage A. far more boys than girls are interested in love stories B. there are more opportunities for girls to buy magazines than for men C. children generally do not care what they should read D. teenage boys show a taste for magazines about their hobbies 5. The word "fascinating" means most nearly the same as

A. having a lot of action B. having a lot of information C. having great attraction D. having great pleasure I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of latitude on both sides of the equator. in that relatively narrow band of the planet, more than half of the species of plants and animals in the world make their home. Several hundred different varieties of trees may grow in a single acre, and just one of those trees may be the habitat for more than then thousand kinds of spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of the worlds rainforests have already been destroyed, and at a current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the year 2000. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish reading this passage, two hundred acres will be destroyed! When this happens, constant rains erode the former forest floor, and the ecology of the region is altered forever. Thousands of species of plants and animals are condemned to extinction and, since we arent able to predict the ramifications of this loss to a delicate global ecology, we dont know what we may be doing to the future of the human species as well. 1.What is the point of view that the author expresses in this 3. What is the meaning of the word just ? passage? A. fairly B. only C. correctly D. precisely A. The author believes that the rainforest will survive. 4. How many of the worlds rainforests are projected to be B. The author believes that preserving the rainforest is destroyed if the current rate continues? important to the global ecology A. All of them will be gone by the year 2000 C. The author believes that he can predict the future of global B. Three-quarters of then will be gone by the year 2000 ecology. C. Half of them will be gone by the year 2000 D. The author believes that the extinction of species is a D. One-quarter of then will be gone by the year 2000 natural process. 5. What will NOT happen if the rainforest continues to be 2. According to the passage, more than half of all the cleared? species of plants and animals A. The land will be eroded by the rains. A. live in twenty rainforests B. many species of plants and animals that depend on the B. live in several different varieties of trees rainforest will become extinct. C. live in a forty-degree band of latitude C. The future of the human species may be damaged. D. live in areas where the rainforest has been cleared D. The rainforest will grow, but at a much slower rate. After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to humanity. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the firs awards ceremony. Nobels original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $ 30,000 to $ 125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobels death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes. 1. The word foresaw is nearest in meaning to A. prevailed B. postponed C. prevented D. predicted 2. The Nobel Prize was established in order to A. recognise worthwhile contributions to humanity B. resolve political differences C. honour the inventor of dynamite D. spend money 3. In which area have Americans received the most awards? A. Literature B. Peace C. Economics D. Science 4. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT A. awards vary ion monetary value B. ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobels invention. C. politics plays an important role in selecting the winners. D. a few individuals have won two awards. 5. Is it implied that Nobels profession was in A. economics B. medicine C. literature D. science I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit o eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realised that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve colour in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realise the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge. Choose the best answer to each question. 1. How has science done a disservice to people? A. Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated. B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food. C. As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.

D. The scientists have preserved the colour of meats, but not of vegetables. 2. The word prone is nearest in meaning to A. suitable B. unlikely C. healthy D. predisposed 3. What are nitrates used for? A. They preserve flavour in packaged foods B. They keep the colour of meat C. They are the objects of research D. They cause the animals to become fatter 4. The word these refers to A. meats B. colours C. researchers D. nitrates and nitrites 5. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT a. drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons B. some of the additives in our food are related to the food itself and some are given to the living animals C. researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for more than forty-five years. D. food may cause forty percent of the cancer in the world. 6. The word additives is close in meaning to A. added substance B. dangerous substances C. natural substances D. benign substances I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Cave men who roamed the earth centuries ago must have thought it strange that the moon had many different shapes. Sometimes it appeared as a thin white curve, sometimes as a half circle, and at other times as a huge orange disc. How must they have explained the moon's curious behaviour? Today, of course, we know why our satellite appears to have many shapes. Once a month the moon travels in a complete circle around the earth. And as it moves in its circle it seems to change shape. This is because we on earth see only that section of the moon that catches the sun's light. When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line -- with the moon in the middle -- we do not see the moon at all. At this point, the moon is said to be new. We are unable to see it in this position because the side facing the earth is in shadow. As the new moon begins to circle the earth, however, we begin to see part of its surface that catches the sun's light. After some days it reaches the position where we can see a half moon. When it moves further around to the position where the earth is between the sun and the moon, we see the full moon. Later it again becomes the new moon. This cycle takes twenty-eight days, or a month. If the cave men had known these simple facts which explain how and why the moon changes, they probably would have saved themselves much happiness. They could have enjoyed the beauty of the moon instead of fearing it each time it went out and seemed uncertain to reappear. 1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D 1. "The moon's curious behaviour's" means A. roaming the earth B. catching the sun's light C. travelling in a circle around the earth D. seeming to have many different shapes 2. To the eyes of people on earth A. only the moon's shape changes B. only the moon's colour changes C. both the moon's shape and its colour change D. neither the moon's shape nor its colour change 3. a thin white curve means A. the new moon B. the half moon C. the full moon D. the earth 4. our satellite means A. curious behaviour B. many shapes C. the earth D. the moon. 5. The moon becomes bigger and bigger A. when it is full B. between new moon and full moon C. between full moon and half moon D. between full moon and the time it disappears 6. Cave men were frightened when A. the moon was full B. the moon caught the sun's light C. the moon became bigger and bigger D. they didn't see the moon at all 7. The further the moon moves around to the position where the earth is between the sun and the moon, the ______ it becomes. A. smaller B. bigger C. stranger D. thinner 8. After the full moon position, the older the moon us, the ______ it becomes A. smaller B. bigger C. stranger D. simpler I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Old and young, single and married, rich and poor anyone can be lonely, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they re actually have. Some people are happy with one or two close friends, others are lost without a crowd and others still are lost in a crowd. According to a poll, approximately 25 per cent of the population are lonely with women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed most at risk. Middle-age married men with jobs and cars are the least likely to be lonely. Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression, especially if the transition from working wife to house-bound mother had been a sudden one. Elderly people, particularly those who move to a new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families, and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes. Teenagers natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single parents feel cut off from a couple-oriented society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. Divorced people may miss the companionship of even the most unsatisfactory marriages of course, do the widowed. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment can also lead to loneliness. TRUE or FALSE? 1. People with lots of friends and acquaintances do not suffer from loneliness. 2. Young women who have suddenly stopped working in order to have children often suffer from loneliness. 3. People who get divorced after very bad marriages never want to see each other again.

Choose the phrase most similar in meaning to these words and phrases. 1. ... irrespective of the number of friends .... A. with a small number of friends B. even with a lot of friends C. the number of friends doesnt matter D. not to mention the number of friends 2. ... are particularly vulnerable to loneliness ... A. are very likely to feel lonely B. hardly ever feel lonely C. feel lonely but dont mind D. never feel lonely 3. ... in the company of their peers ... A. with people of their own age B. with people older and more experienced C. with more confident people D. with respectable people I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. If you were to stop people in the street and ask them to name a ship that had been sunk, it is likely that nearly all of them would say the Titanic. For the sinking of the Titanic was, if not the most tragic, certainly the most famous sea disaster in the history of ocean travel. The Titanic was built as a luxury liner, intended to be the fastest in the world, and a great deal of publicity had surrounded it. The last point probably explains why so many important people from all walks of life were on the boat when it went down. The Titanic was on its maiden voyage to America in 1912 when it struck an iceberg and sank. Of its 2, 300 passengers, more than two-thirds were drowned. because the Titanic was thought to be virtually unsinkable, no one was prepared for the tragedy. There was a total panic as very few of the passengers had bothered to learn the necessary drill in the event of trouble. There was severe shortage of lifeboats and those that were launched were still half-empty. The one point of calm was to be found in the ballroom where the band carried on playing right to the very end. What makes the sinking of the Titanic even more tragic is the fact that warnings of iceberg had been sent, yet the liner was still continuing at full speed. In addition one ship was only ten miles away but did not receive the distress signal. One good thing did, however, result from the disaster. The whole question of safety at sea was looked into, resulting in much better safety measures, including stricter lifeboat regulations and the establishment of an iceberg patrol. 1. The sinking of the Titanic was A. the most tragic sea disaster B. the most historic sea disaster C. the most famous sea disaster D. the first great sea disaster 2. Why were so many important people on board? A. The Titanic had received a lot of publicity B. The Titanic was a luxury liner. C. It was the fastest liner in the world D. They wanted to go to America 3. The lifeboats were A. too short B. launched too soon C. half finished D. poorly equipped 4. The chance of disaster were increased because A. no warnings had been sent B. the dance band was playing too loud C. The Titanic was travelling too fast D. there were no distress calls. 5. The positive result of the disaster was that A. a full inquiry was made B. a programme of iceberg destruction was started C. lifeboats were made larger D. sea travel was made safer I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The natural world is under violent assault from man. The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned. It is little wonder that forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the destruction continues. Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earths mineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rain-forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people. Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us. But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe, and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace. Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace had made a stand. The scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed. Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions. Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today. Choose the best answers to the questions. 1. Which one of these statements is not made? A. Drinking water is polluted B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea. C. Sewage isnt processed. D. Cars and factories poison the air. 2. The writer________ forests and lakes are being destroyed. A. is surprised that B. is unsure why C. wonders why D. understands 3. Rain forests are being destroyed because governments and industries A. are unaware of what they are doing wrong. B. are rich and powerful C. choose to ignore criticism D. basically care about the environment 4. The earth's resources A. should only be for people B. can be made to last longer C. will last forever D. belong to just humans and animals 5. Governments and industries A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace

C. can easily ignore Greenpeace D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks I. Read the passage and answer the questions. TRAVEL AND TOURISM. Faraway places with strange-sounding names lure the traveller with promises of enchantment, excitement, diverse forms of entertainment, and new kinds of food. The urge to travel is as old as civilisation. Today travel and tourism account for the largest portion of money spent in international commerce. National tourism expenditures in the early 1980s were more than $100 billion. Domestic tourism was much greater. The modern travel industry is organised to cater to every need and desire of the individual traveller. While travel was once an uncertain and hazardous event, it is now an easily planned and revolutionised by vast improvements in transportation, computer technology, and networks of international communication. The individual traveller is concerned about where to go, how to get there, where to stay, where to eat, and what to see. The travel industry is organised to meet these concerns in a variety of ways: travel agents and tour companies, transport companies, hotel reservation systems, ground transport companies, restaurant reservation systems, and local or national tourism boards. Unless the trip is a business or family necessity, the first interest in the mind of the prospective traveller is where to go and what to see. The mass of information available to satisfy the travellers curiosity is virtually unlimited. Nearly every nation has a national tourism board, and within nations there are tourism bureaux in states, provinces, and cities. All of these advertise extensively in order to attract tourists. Competition in the travel business is intense, and many localities depend heavily on tourism for income. Which of the following statement is true? a) Man started to travel a very long time ago. a) Means of transport are the first concern of travellers. b) A lot more money was spent on national tourism rather than b) Travelling organisations have been trying to provide on local tourism. good services. c) Travel used to be considered to be unsafe. c) Travel advertisements can be seen in many places. d) Scientific and technological improvements have made travel d) Tourism is a competitive business. a luxury. e) Travellers often want to know about the destination, means of transport, restaurants, and places to visit. I. Read the passage and answer the questions. For the seventh year in a row, thousands of scientists from around the world gathered last week to share their research and insights on the frustrating disease that has challenged them for a decade. Although this years international Conference on AIDS in Florence was less politicised than previous years, there were some bitter demonstrations over a US immigration policy that bans anyone carrying the AIDS virus. There were gloomy predictions that by 1997, 15 million people will be infected world wide. But the conference offered good news as well: researchers now understand better why some people carrying the virus remain free of symptoms for a decade or more and new drugs hold out the promise of prolonging many lives. AIDS will be with use for a long time to come. An estimate shows that 8 million to 10 million people are infected right now. By 1997 newly-diagnosed cases of the disease will likely reach a plateau in the industrialised world, but transmission will explore in the developing nations. In Asia, AIDS is spreading fastest in Thailand and India. During the next couple of decades in the third world, AIDS will become the leading cause of death for adults in their most productive years. Questions. 1. The purpose of the International Conference on AIDS in Florence is A. to protest against the US immigration policy AIDS infected people. B. to officially announce new drugs for AIDS treatment. C. for scientists to exchange knowledge about AIDS D. to raise money for AIDS research. 2. According to the passage, A. at least 10 million people are infected at the moment. B. By 1997, cases of the diseases will be found to be the highest in the developed countries. C. In the coming 20 years, AIDS will become the leading cause of death in the third word countries. D. AIDS will be eliminated within 20 years. 3. Give the synonyms of: gather, previous, prediction, transmission, prolonging I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. ProtectAlarmsplc Are you worried by the rising crime rate? If you are, then you probably know that your house, possessions and person are increasingly in danger of suffering from the tremendous rise in the cases of burglary and assault. Figures indicate an ever-increasing crime rate but it is only too easy to imagine. It will never happen to me. Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim. Fortunately, there is something definite which you can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect your house with a burglar alarm system which is effective, simple to operate and easily affordable. You must remember that possessing a burglar alarm is no indication that your house is packed with valuable possessions. It quite simply indicates to unwelcome visitors that yours is one house they will not break into easily so they can carry on to an unprotected house where their job is made a lot easier. Send now for our free leaflet telling you how we can Protect Alarm your house quickly, easily and cheaply. Complete and tear off the slip below and post it to us. postage is free. Alternatively, telephone us on 3276721 where we have a round-the-clock answering service. It costs nothing to find out about Protect Alarms. Questions. 1. Anyone who takes an interest in the crime rate will, according to the text, be aware that: A. more burglars are being caught than ever before. B. people have more possessions to worry about nowadays. C. burglars are more at risk than they used to be. D. homes are more likely to be broken into nowadays. 2. It seems that people who live in cities are A. more often victims than those living in other areas. B. of the opinion that statistics are wrong.

C. twice as well-off as people living in other areas D. of the opinion that burglars only rob unprotected homes. 3. The writers of this text want to give the impression that the Protect Alarms System is A. elementary B. everlasting C. experimental D. economical 4. The article claims that possessing an alarm system will A. show burglars that you have something worth stealing B. persuade burglars not to break into your house C. make the burglars job less complicated D. persuade burglars to try again another time 5. In order to find out more information about this alarm system, one can A. buy a leaflet B. write enclosing a stamped, addressed envelope C. sign a contract D. phone at any time of day or night I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realise the value of good health. When we are young and strong, we cannot imagine what it is to be weak and ailing. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted. The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. But when any of these gets upset and gives us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well. It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost our health, that it can be ignored with impurity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the results of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly have some day. Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health? We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is "nature's sweet restorer", and not try to burn the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be, the sound mind in the sound body. 1. According to the passage, we often appreciate our friends A. only when they are with us B. only when they are good to us B. only when they passed away C. only when they live a long way from us 2. We do not take care of our health because A. we are always in good health B. most of diseases can be cured nowadays C. we are so accustomed to good health C. we are so busy making a living 3. Poor health makes us A. useless B. unable to fulfil our expectations C. a shame to our friends D. fail to become famous 4. According to the author, having plenty of sleep when we are young A. is wasting our time B. can help us regain our strength C. may cause loss of health D. can reduce our vigour 5. The best tile for the passage is A. Health and Human Aspirations B. Heath and Our Success C. How to Keep Our Health D. The Value of Health I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Like so many other materials in Japan, paper too has come in for many hundreds of years of artistic consideration. At one period of the country's history, the paper on which a poem was written was an important as the poem itself. A thousand years ago there were whole towns actively engaged in making paper. Such towns still exist, but there were also many farming villages which then, as they do today, made paper to earn extra income during the winter. At present, about half of Japan's farmers must add to their incomes with winter jobs. Although a large amount of winter employment is provided by construction companies, some farmers continue to work at such cottage industries as paper-making. The farmer who makes paper may interrupt his work at any point to perform other jobs in the home and the fields. For both farmer and professional, sun, wind, and running water are necessary. And because nature is not always reliable, it too may interrupt the process of paper-making. These factors cause, day by day, month by month, and year by year, the small variations in colour and quality of handmade paper. A keen sensitivity to the small differences of weather, growing cycles, purity of water, quality of plants, and temperature is required. This is learnt over many years of living close to nature. 1. Who in Japan today earns extra money by making paper? A. the majority of Japanese farmers. B. people who also work for construction companies C. fewer than half of Japan's farmers D. the inhabitants of certain towns 2. The colour and quality of handmade paper vary because A. there may be unexpected changes in weather B. it takes such a long time to make C. the process can often be interrupted. D. the farmer may not have much experience 3. What do we learn about paper-making? A. It is hard outdoor work. B. it requires artistic skills C. It is highly profitable business D. it is performed all year round 4. The word "engaged" means most nearly the same as A. rented B. interested C. concentrated D. occupied 5. Which of the following can discontinue the paper-making process? A. age B. weather C. skills D. experience I. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

A national political struggle is continuing over the issue of protection for the remnants of vast ancient forests that once covered the north-western areas of the US. These old forests, called old growth contains trees from 200 to 1,200 years old. There are now about 6 million acres of virgin forest in Washington and Oregon, only about one-tenth of what existed before the 1800s. This old growth contains some of the most valuable timber in the nation, but its economic worth is also contained in its water, wildlife, scenery, and recreational facilities. Conservationists want the majority of existing old growth protected from harvesting. They emphasise the vital relationship between old growth and the health of the forests ecosystem. They cite studies that show that both downed and standing old trees store and release nutrients necessary to younger trees. On the other hand, much of the Northwests economy is developed around the logging industry. Trees are cut down to make wood products, and many mills are geared for old-growth industry. In recent years, 500 acres of old growth have been logged, including trees up to 500 years old and eight feet in diameter. Although the US Forest Service wrestles with the problem of how much of the forest to save, the harvesting of timber continues. The district office refused to remove any of the old growth from timber production. The struggle is continuing at the national level, with strong proponents on both sides. 1.The best tile for this passage is A. Ancient Forests of the Northwest B. The US Forest Service C. The Harvesting of Old-Growth Timber D. The Wood-Based Economy of the Northwest 2. According to the passage, conservationists would agree that A. old-growth trees are not necessary for the health of the forest B. fallen trees should not be taken away C. most of the old-growth trees do not need protection D. young trees should not be logged 3. The struggle is between A. Oregon and Washington B. Oregon and the US Forest Service C. Conservationists and the logging industry D. conservationists and the state of Oregon 4. Before the 1800s A. there were six million trees B. old growth was not cut down C. the trees had more economic value D. there were more virgin forests 5. Studies show that young trees gain nutrients from A. wildlife B. virgins C. old trees D. wood products

I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally supposes. Dr, Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his subjects' lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail. Although the physical basis for memory is not yet understood, one theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information supports recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory. QUESTIONS 1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned? A. Wilder Penfield B. Human memory C. Neurosurgery D. Chemical reactions 2. According to the passage, researchers have concluded that A. the mind has a much greater capacity for memory than was previously believed B. the physical basis for memory is clear C. different points of view are valuable D. human memory is inefficient 3. How did Penfield elicit dreams and other minor events from the past? A. by surgery B. by repetition C. by electric stimulation D. by chemical stimulation 4. According to the passage, the capacity for storage in the brain A. can be understood by examining the psychology B. is stimulated by patterns of activity C. has a limited combination of relationships D. is not influenced by repetition 5. The word "bonds" means A. promises B. agreements C. connections D. responsibilities I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The main function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. a stop sign or a barber pole conveys, meaning quickly and more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages. Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do not have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based on speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Signs, Signals, and Symbols B. Gestures C. Communication D. Speech 2. What does the author say about speech? A. That it is the only true form of communication B. That it is dependent upon the advances made by inventors C. That it is necessary for communication to occur D. That it is the most advanced form of communication 3. Applauding was cited as an example of A. signal B. a signal C. a symbol D. a gesture

4. Why were the telephone, radio, and TV invented? A. Because people were unable to understand signs, symbols, and signals B. Because people wanted to communicate across long distances C. Because people believed that signs, signals, and symbols were obsolete D. Because people wanted new forms of entertainment. 5. It may be concluded from this passage that A. signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication B. symbols are very easy to define and interpret C. only some cultures have signals and symbols D. waving and handshaking are not related to culture.

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Although Henry Fords name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labour practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by todays standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten- or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factor was converted from two to three shifts. In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialised skilled workers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts. The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labour unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including industriousness , and dependability. Although some criticism were directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of by frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America. 1. What is the authors main purpose in the passage? 4. The word innovation refers to A. to include mass production and the assembly line among Henry A. an original idea Fords accomplishments B. an extravagant offer B. to report the origin of the minimum wage C. a devious plan C. to credit Henry Ford with industrial reforms D. a popular policy D. to defined Henry Fords practices 2. How many hours did Fords employees work per shift in his 5. The word that in line 2 refers to factory? A. the concept A. three B. Eight C. Ten D. Twelve B. labour 3. The author mentions all of the following as labour practices C. mass production instituted by Ford EXCEPT D. equal credit A. the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage B. education and training programs C. labour unions D. sick-leaves I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Before man flew in space, it had been thought that his physical and mental capabilities might be affected by long periods of weightlessness, and that he might be endangered by high levels of radiation. Yuri Gagarin's first space flight in April 1961 showed that man could live in space and, although this journey only lasted for 108 minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of manned space flight. In fact most of the early fears about man's health in space have proved groundless, and although several odd medical effects have been observed, none has seriously affected man's ability for useful work. All astronauts undergo strenuous training to prepare them for the experience of space flight but, despite this, most astronauts suffer from space sickness early in their flights. This affect similar to sea sickness, soon wears off, and there appears to be no medical reason why man cannot live in space for long periods of time. A constant check is kept on the health of all astronauts during their mission. Small medical detectors which monitor their heartbeats, pulse rates, breathing and temperature are taped to their bodies. All food eaten in space so far has been prepared on earth. The alternative possibilities of making food from waste products or growing it in space have received little serious consideration. The first space foods were simply baby foods. In the first American space flights, astronauts ate natural foods in dried bite-sized squares or in a form that could be mixed with cold water and squeezed into the mouth. The squares were coated to prevent them breaking up into small pieces, and their corners were rounded to prevent them cutting the astronauts' mouths. later astronauts ate "sticky" foods with a spoon, and hot as well as cold water was available for making up the dried meals. These two developments have made eating in space much more pleasant. 1. Yuri Gagarin's first space flight showed A. scientists could develop weapons in space B. human beings could survive well in space C. astronauts would not suffer from space sickness. 3. What do we learn of early space food? A. It was surprisingly tasty. B. The edges cut the astronauts' mouth. C. It was eaten cold.

D. all the scientists equipment worked well. 2. How is the health of human beings affected in space? A. The effects can be unpleasant but harmless. B. There is a slight risk of heart problems. C. Longer space flights are more dangerous to health. D. Space sickness lasts throughout the flight.

D. It was inconvenient because it dissolved. 4. How has space food improved since the first space flights? A. Baby food has been cut from the diet. B. The food is now produced in bite-sized squares. C. Some normal food is now available. D. There is a greater variety of foods available. 5. The word "endanger" means most nearly the same as A. killed B. destroyed C. put in danger D. polluted

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Donovan, who had broken one of his arms the week before, was sitting at lunch in a restaurant. He managed the soup without much trouble, but then he came to the main course and seemed to be having some difficulty cutting the meat. Miss! he called to the waitress, Im very sorry, but do you think you could possibly help me to -? Well, indeed! the surprised girl exclaimed, were not paid here to be your mothers, you know! But as she came nearer and saw what was the matter with him, her face became red, and she added, Oh, Im so sorry, sir. You see, I didnt notice __ Thats all right, said Donovan. It is a rather strange request, I know. The waitress came to his side and did as she had been asked. Would you mind telling me how you did it? she inquired. Im afraid youll laugh at me, if I tell you, Donovan replied. It was like this. The other day I dropped the soap while I was getting out of the bath, stepped on it, and half a second later there I was, lying on my back, as helpless as a new-born baby. What bad luck, sir, commented the waitress, who now felt really sorry for her customer. Let me know if you need any help with the sweet course, wont you? Choose the correct answer. 1. When he was eating his lunch, Donovan 3.Donovan said he was like a new-born baby because he a) couldnt do anything for himself at all a) was in a bath b) Could still do something for himself. b) couldnt get out of the bath c) could do everything for himself, if he wanted c) had dropped the soap to d) couldnt cut the meat d) was as helpless as a new-born baby 4. Which is true? Donovan 2. The face of the waitress became red because a) stepped on the soap while he was lying on his back a) she was surprised and angry b) dropped the soap while he was lying on his back b) she was ashamed and sorry c) stepped on the bath and fell on his back c) she had to stand near Donovan d) None of the above answers is correct d) cutting the meat made her uncomfortable 5. When Donovan had told his story, the waitress a) felt sorry for him b) laughed at him c) was angry with him d) didnt believe him I. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. People commonly complain that they never have enough time to accomplish tasks. The hours and minutes seem to slip away before many planned chores being done. According to time management experts, the main reason for this is that most people fail to set priorities about what to do first. They get tied down by trivial, time-consuming matters and never complete the important ones. One simple solution often used by those at the top is to keep lists of tasks to be accomplished daily. These lists order jobs from most essential to least essential and are checked regularly through the day to assess progress. Not only is this an effective way to manage time, but also it serves to give individuals a much-deserved sense of satisfaction over their achievements. People who do not keep lists often face the end of the work day with uncertainty over the significance of their serious problems in mental and physical health. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Common Complaints About Work B. Accomplishing Trivial Matters C. Achieving Job Satisfaction D. Learning to Manage Time 2.According to the passage, why do many people never seem to have enough time to accomplish things? A. They do not prioritise tasks B. They get tied down by one difficult problem C. They fail to deal with trivial matters D. They do not seek the advice of time management experts 3. The word those refers to A. daily lists B. trivial matters C. priorities D. people 4. The passage states that one solution to time management problems is to A. consult a time management expert B. accomplish time-consuming matters first C. keep daily lists of priorities and check them regularly D. spend only a short time on each task 5. The word achievement could be replaced by which of the following? A. assessments B. priorities C. decisions D. accomplishments

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of tree public services that are essential for the support of civilisations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from the sea, manufacture and replenish soil, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea how to take over

these activities satisfactorily. They do not know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century that the productivity of the land can be infinitely increased by the application of capital, labour, and science is wrong. History has shown that once the natural life support systems of a civilisation have been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilisation is ruining the global environment. 1.What is the main topic of this passage? A. Free public services B. Support needed for civilisations C. The value of ecosystems D. The vastness of the Earth 2. The word array is closest in meaning to A. large number B. excess C. requirement D. model 3. The word They refers to A. ecosystems B. civilisations C. sea D. people 4. which of the following could NOT be included under the free public services A. Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals B. Providing natural enemies for harmful insects C. Creating and enriching material for plant growth D. Supplying air for breathing 5. The word advanced is closest in meaning to A. debated B. ignored C. proved D. proposed 5. The author mentions the Mediterranean region as an example of A. the ability of nature to remedy human destruction B. the ability of people to make use of natural resources C. the manner in which people replenish the environment D. the effects of human abuse of natural resources 6. The author suggests that civilisations can survive only if they A. greatly expand scientific research B. do not destroy the balance of natural processes C. replant the forests in the Mediterranean region D. invent new procedures to replace obsolete ecosystems 7. The author suggests that difference between the ancient and the modern situation is that today the problem is A. world wide B. better understood C. more manageable D. economic

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. FIRE INSTRUCTIONS If you see a FIRE - BREAK THE GLASS IN THE FIRE ALARM If you hear THE FIRE ALARM BELL - Listen to what your teacher tells you to do - If there is no teacher, go downstairs and leave the school building by the students' entrance - Do not stop to collect your bag, coat etc. If there is a teacher, your teacher will tell you when to start going downstairs - The main stairs are the fire escape - The walls are covered with asbestos - If you cannot go down the stairs there is an escape through the windows in the top floor. NOTICE TO TEACHERS AND OTHER STAFF If you see a fire, sound the nearest fire alarm. These are located on each floor on the staircase/ landing. IF you can deal with the fire without personal risk, use the fire extinguishers provided on each landing. If you hear the fire alarm bell (continuous loud clanging bell) TEACHERS IN CLASS Tell your students to prepare to leave. - the delegated fire officer for the upper floors will tell you when to leave - DO NOT LEAVE UNTIL HE/ SHE TELLS YOU TO UNLESS THERE IS EXCESSIVE DELAY OR YOU OR YOUR STUDENTS ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER - the upper floors are normally cleared from the third floor downwards - if you clear your classroom early you will block the stairs. - when told to leave, stand at the classroom door and let your students file past you - make sure you are the last to leave and follow your students downstairs leaving by the students' entrance. - gather with your students behind the school in Romilly Street and check that everyone is present. OTHER STAFF - Call 999: give address clearly to Fire Brigade - leave the building immediately by the nearest exit taking whatever steps you can to ensure the security of the building and nay students near you. - report to the delegated fire officer. Choose the best answers to the questions. 1. If you are a student in class with a teacher, and you hear the fire alarm, what should you do? A. Leave the building immediately B. Tell other students to prepare to leave C. Call 999 and give the address to the Fire Brigade D. Wait for instructions from your teacher 2. If you are the first to see a fire, what should you do? 4. Which floor would normally be cleared first? A. The ground floor B. The first floor C. The second floor D. The third floor 5. If you are a student and you have left the building

A. Listen to what the teachers tell you to do B. Fight the fire with the extinguisher C. Forget about your bad and coat D. Ring the fire alarm

A. you should report to the fire officer B. you should call 999 C. you should ensure the safety of the building D. you should report to your teacher

3. When must the class leave if there is no immediate danger? A. When everyone has collected their bags B. When the delegated officer tells them to do so C. When everyone has filed past the teacher D. When the fire extinguisher has been used I. Read the following passage and answer the questions When the early settlers especially the English, arrived in the New World, the hardships and dangers awaiting them were totally unexpected. Had it not been for some friendly Indians the colonists never would have survived the terrible winters. They knew nothing about planting crops, hunting animals, building sod houses or making clothing from animal skins. Life in England had been much simpler, and this new life was not like what the Spanish explorers had reported. The settlers did introduce iron tools for hunting, domesticated animals, and political ways to the Indians. In exchange, the settlers learned to build canoes for water transportation and snowshoes and toboggans for winter travelling. The Indians also taught them to blaze trails through the forest, to hunt large animals and trap smaller ones and to spear fish in the lakes and streams. The natives also introduced to the settlers typical foods such as turkey, corn, beans and pumpkin. Everything possible was done in order to make their new settlement resemble the homes they had left behind. 1. Which of the following did the new settlers teach the Indians? A. new political ways B. new method of fishing C. new means of water travel D. how to trap animals 2. What can we assume about corn and pumpkin? A. They were plentiful in England. B. They grew only in certain sections of the country C. They were preferred raw. D. They did not exist in England 3. How did the Indians teach the settlers to travel in the winter? A. by canoe B. by blazing trails through the forest C. by toboggan and snowshoes D. on animals 4. Which of the following was not introduced to the settlers by the Indians? A. corn B. domesticated animals C. building sod houses D. trapping animals 5. Whose earlier explorations and findings had misguided the English into believing that life in the New World would not be so difficult? A. Spaniards B. Indians C. other Englishmen D. political leaders I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. One step beyond automated machines is the industrial robot, the heart and brain of which is the microcomputer. Unlike most automated machines, industrial robots can be programmed to do a variety of tasks that are usually accomplished by human factory workers. Like their human counterparts, industrial robots can be switched from one job to another and can be programmed to handle new tasks. Thus far, robots have found their greatest use in assembling mechanical components. However, they are swiftly branching from basic operations to construction and mining, and their most glamorous use of all, the exploration of oceans and outer space. Choose the best answer. 1. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to A. describe the industrial robot and its uses B. narrates a story about the industrial robot C. compare the industrial robot to human factory workers D. argue the advantages of the industrial robot 2. The author's reaction to an innovate form of transportation, such as the electric car, would most likely be A. positive B. negative C. confusion D. surprise 3. The passage following passage would likely be about A. types and uses of automated machines B. how industrial robots are used in exploration C. the use of the microcomputer D. how robots assemble mechanical components 4. This passage would most likely be found in A. an entertainment magazine B. a medical journal C. a book of short stories D. a popular science journal 5. It can be concluded from this passage that A. robots will never replace human factory workers B. industrial robots are not as versatile as automated machines C. the microcomputer will soon be used in automated machines D. additional uses will be found for the industrial robot

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realise the value of good health. When we are young and strong, we cannot imagine what it is to be weak and ailing. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted. The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. but when any of these get upset and give us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well. It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost our health, that it can be ignored with impurity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the results of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly have some day.

Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health? We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is "nature's sweet restorer", and not try to burn the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be, the sound mind in the sound body. 1. According to the passage, we often appreciate our friends A. only when they are with us B. only when they are good to us B. only when they passed away C. only when they live a long way from us 2. We do not take care of our health because A. we are always in good health B. most of diseases can be cured nowadays C. we are so accustomed to good health C. we are so busy making a living 3. Poor health makes us A. useless B. unable to fulfil our expectations C. a shame to our friends D. fail to become famous 4. According to the author, having plenty of sleep when we are young A. is wasting our time B. can help us regain our strength C. may cause loss of health D. can reduce our vigour 5. The best tile for the passage is A. Health and Human Aspirations B. Heath and Our Success C. How to Keep Our Health D. The Value of Health I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the ages of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle. Though carefully selected from among many applicants, the women were volunteers and pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each others' company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things, they had to stand pressure three time the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss. Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men's advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space. QUESTIONS: 1. What was the average number of women in each group tested? 2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? a. The tests were not carried out aboard the space shuttle. c. The women were tested once a year from 1977 to 1981. b. The women involved had had previous physical fitness training. d. The test were carried out on women of all ages. 3. Which would be the most suitable title for the passage? a. Older Women, Too, Can Travel in Space c. Poor Wages for Women Space-test Volunteers b. Space Testing Causes Backaches in Women d. Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel 4. What can be said about the women who applied? a. There were 27 in all c. They had previously earned the minimum wage b. They were anxious to give up either smoking or drinking d. They chose to participate in the test. 5. Which of the following is suggested as being least useful in space? a. high resistance to radiation c. low food intake b. unusual strength d. low oxygen intake 7. The physical advantages men enjoy in normal conditions are counteracted by: a. conditioning c. zero gravity b. virtue d. food and oxygen I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. A few years ago a shortage of natural gas drove prices sky high. Likewise, gasoline prices rose when demands exceeded supplies. A glut in the oil market drove prices back down. The law of supply and demand functioned according to textbook description in the case of oil, but the situation is otherwise in the current natural gas market. Natural gas consumers are finding their heating bills more of a burden than last year, in spite of a dramatic increase in supplies. There is so much natural gas available that many suppliers are closing down their plants for lack of a market, and it is rumoured that some suppliers are even burning off their surplus gas. 1. You can infer from that the law of supply and demand means that prices A. rise if supplies are abundant B. fall if supplies are limited C. rise if supplies are limited D. stay even when supplies are abundant 2. The author's purpose is to A. discuss oil prices B. question gas high prices C. discuss gas shortages D. compare gas and oil prices 3. You can infer that gas suppliers are burning their surplus gas in order to A. lower the prices on their product B. create s shortage to sustain high prices C. get rid of an inferior product D. create a glut in the market 4. Many suppliers of natural gas are A. reducing their prices B. running out of gas

C. going out of business D. converting to the oil business 5. The cost of heating with natural gas this year A. has risen B. depends on supply and demand C. is easier to bear D. has remained the same as last year I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. With increasing development and use of computer technology, there is a new disease to worry about. Computer "viruses" programs designed to sabotage computers, are infecting computer in corporations, homes, and universities. These viruses spread exponentially, much like biological contagion, and the disrupt the affected systems. The viruses secretly attaches itself to other programs and can then delete or alter files. The damage is generally activated by using the computer's clock. Then, any program that is executed may be exposed to the virus, including programs spread through telephone connections. Because of the increasing incidents of virus infiltration, businesses and agencies are becoming wary of sharing software. Security policies need to be increased as immunity programs are being developed. 1. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A. Be Aware B. Stop the Clock C. Deleting Files D. Sharing Software. 2. The people most interested in reading this passage probably would be A. medical personnel B. computer users C. government workers D. health researchers 3. It is inferred that a company can best protect itself from the virus by A. keeping clean B. spreading programs by telephone C. setting the clock correctly D. not using shared software 4. The virus is A. a microbe B. an insect C. a disk D. a program 5. If the virus infects a computer, the result would probably be A. lost information B. a broken computer C. sick personnel D. dead telephones I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. There are two main causes of famine: natural and human. Natural causes include disasters such as drought, insect plagues, excessive rainfall and flooding, and unseasonably cold weather. In a large nation such as the United States these factors may operate to cause shortages and high prices. But they have never caused a famine, because food can be imported or carried from one part of the country to another. In a smaller, less diverse society a natural disaster can cause extreme hardship. In Ireland, during the 1840s, the failure of the potato crop led to the deaths of at least 1 million people and the emigration of thousands. In ancient societies, a flood or drought could easily cause famine because there were no outside sources of food relief. Overpopulation, a kind of natural cause, has led to severe famines in China and India since 1700. Between 9 and 13 million persons died of starvation in China in the years 1876-79, for example. Significant 20th-century improvements in agriculture the Green Revolution have eased this problem considerably. In the 20th century, human causes of famine have been at least as prevalent as natural causes, especially in Asia and Africa. Apart from warfare, some misguided economic reform programs have led to the deaths of millions in Ethiopia and Mozambique in the 1980s. Farm families were driven from villages or tribal lands by force and agricultural production suffered badly. Choose the best answers to the questions. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is incorrect 4. According to the passage, famine can lead to A. Famine may be caused by serious shortage of water A. food crisis B. Famine may be caused by overpopulation B. economic depression C. Famine may be caused by lack of energy C. war D. Famine may be caused by inappropriate economic programs D. emigration 2. The United States has never been affected by. A. insects plagues 5. In the 20th century, B. famine A. A large number of countries in Asia still C. flooding suffer famine D. unusual cold weather B. the Green Revolution has solved this 3. Which of the following is not a natural cause of famine? problem of famine successfully A. insect plagues C. Millions of people still die of starvation B. excessive rainfall D. Human beings causes more famines than C. overpopulation before D. warfare I. Read the passage and answer the questions. The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of waste. Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil, and coal tars. But to date, that process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmill. geothermal power, heat from the earth, is also being tested. Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers. Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only four percent. The oceans are another potential source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents tides and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy. 1. Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Use of Water Products for Energy B. The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy C. The efficient ways of Disposing of Waste D. New Discoveries in Geothermal Power 2. Fifty years ago one third of the electricity in the United States was provided by A. wind B. waste productsC. water D. oil

3. In the second paragraph, the phrase "synthetic fuels" could best be replaced by which of the following: A. Biological fuels B. Low burning fuels C. Fast burning fuels D. Artificially made fuels 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy? A. Burning of garbage B. Geothermal power C. Synthetic fuelsD. Electricity 5. According to the author, the impracticability of using coal, oil and coal tars as sources of energy is due to A. their being time consuming B. their being money consuming C. the scarcity of sources D. their lack of technology I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Are there intelligent beings on other planets in our solar system? Most scientists do not think so. If there are, the only likely place is Mars. It is fun to imagine our kind of human on other worlds, but they would probably look so different we might not recognise them as people at all. Living things have a wonderful way of adapting themselves to conditions around in order to stay alive. Plants grow in the Arctic. Some simple animals can survive being boiled or frozen. Creatures live in the blackest deeps of the sea under thousands of tons of pressure. We cannot really say that our kind of air is the only kind living things could breathe, or that they must have water or a certain climate. Creatures that breathed other gases or lived in temperatures that would kill earthmen, however, certainly would not look like us. Are there people anywhere else in the universe? Maybe there are. In our own galaxy there are billions of stars. Some must have planets with conditions like those on earth. Somewhere in space there could be other thinking beings. If their planets are older, they may know more than we do. They may be already travelling in space. 1. Choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d A. Scientist think that on other planets in our solar system there D. They in "They may be already travelling in space" are refers to a. probably some other intelligent beings a. planets b. probably no other intelligent beings b. conditions c. certainly some other intelligent beings c. other thinking beings d. certainly no other intelligent beings d. billions of stars B. Scientists think that any intelligent beings on other planets in E. Some in "Some must have planets" refers to our solar system would a. billion of stars a. live under thousands of tons of pressure b. galaxy b. be very different from us c. people c. already be travelling in space d. universe d. have adapted themselves to conditions better than we have done. F. Other human beings live C. What do creatures do to stay alive if conditions around then a. possibly on other planets in our solar system change? b. possibly on the stars in our own galaxy a. travel in space c. possibly on the planets of stars in our galaxy b. grow in the Arctic d. everywhere in the universe c. go to other worlds d. adapt themselves I. Read the following letter and answer the questions Dear Sir, You may remember that last week I was guest at your hotel. On my arrival at the hotel, I put my umbrella in the cupboard in my room, Number 6, and did not take it out again even once during the whole of my stay in Upton as the weather was so beautifully fine. When the time came for me to leave for home on Saturday, I'm afraid I left the umbrella behind. Since my return to Leeds the weather here has got worse and worse, and I need the umbrella very much, so I ask you to kindly send it to me as quickly as possible - at my expense, of course. I am sorry to cause you this trouble, but I should be very grateful if I could have it in time for my brother's wedding on Saturday week. While I am writing, there is one other thing I must tell you. As I was leaving the hotel, the door-boy asked me for money. I refused, and he then shut the door behind me so hard that it knocked me down the steps and tore a small hole in my trousers. I had no chance to complain at the time, as I was hurrying to catch my train, but I should be glad to hear what you intend to do about this very rude behaviour of one of your employees. In conclusion, I should like to say that in all other ways my stay at your hotel was a very pleasant one, and I am already looking forward to second holiday at Upton-on-Sea. Yours faithfully, Choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d 1. John Hogg left his umbrella behind because a. he was staying in a hotel b. he didnt use it at Upton-on-Sea b. the weather got worse and worse d. he had forgotten about his brother's wedding. 2. Hogg said that he a. enjoyed his stay except for some impolite behaviour b. enjoyed his stay except for some bad weather c. hadn't enjoyed his stay because of some impolite behaviour d. hadn't enjoyed his stay because of bad weather 3. This trouble means a. my brother's wedding b. bad weather c. paying for the umbrella d. sending the umbrella to Leeds 4. The door-boy shut the door hard because a. there was a hole in Hogg's trousers b. Hogg was rude to him c. Hogg wouldn't give him any money d. Hogg refused to shut the door 5. The door-boy asked Hogg for money because a. Hogg asked him to send him his umbrella b. Hogg refused to shut the door c. Hogg liked to complain d. he was not a good employee

6. "this very rude behaviour" means a. hurrying to catch the train b. leaving the hotel c. knocking Hogg down the steps d. refusing to send the trousers 7. "I refused" means a. Hogg wouldn't give the door-boy any money b. Hogg gave the door-boy some money c. Hogg didn't understand the door-boy d. Hogg said he didn't want any money I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Fire broke out in the early hours of yesterday morning in the large A & B Store in Newcastle. Fortunately the only casualty was the watchman, who was taken to hospital but was released this morning. There was extensive damage to the third floor of the building. From what we can gather at the moment, the Fire Officer said, we dont think there was an electrical fault. In fact, we suspect the fire was started by an incendiary device which someone had set to go off at about 2 a.m., but are not absolutely certain yet. The only person in the store was Jim London, the 57-year-old might watchman. He was overcome by fumes and was taken to the General Hospital unconscious, I had already done my third inspection of the store - I go round four or five times during the night - and was settling down to write my report when I noticed an odd smell and thought I heard something. I broke off and went to look into it. It wasnt until Id made absolutely sure there was a fire and I couldnt do anything about it myself that I rang the fire brigade. And by that time, smoke was billowing everywhere so I didnt know how big it was. The manager told our reporter this morning, We have had a number of threats during the past few weeks, but the police have not been able to find out where they have come from. There was a minor fire in the store the same time last year and we had received a number of warnings before that one, too. He went on, When the Fire Prevention people inspected the store after that fire, they were slightly critical of our fire precautions, but since then we have installed a complete new fire prevention system. But for Mr London, he added, it could have been much worse. We shall be showing our appreciation to him with a gift. 1. Although the fire was quite serious, A. only one floor was damaged B. no one was hurt B. only one fireman was overcome by fumesD. all of the store contents were saved 2. The Fire Office said they. A. knew exactly how the fire started B. proved it had been set off by a firebomb B. thought some electrical wires melted D. were not sure about how it started 3. When Jim went to inspect the smell, he A. was doing his third round B. had just sat down to write his report C. knew how bad the fire was D. had already heard the alarm bell 4. It almost seemed as if this fire was connected with the one last year because A. they both broke out on the same floor B. Jim London gave the alarm for both C. they had received threats both times D. both were started by a firebomb 5. If Jim had not called the fire brigade, A. the new "system" would have put out the fire B. there would have been more damage C. "A&B" were going to present him with something D. the store would have been inspected. I. Read the following passage and answer the questions When the early settlers especially the English, arrived in the new World, the hardships and dangers awaiting them were totally unexpected. Had it not been for some friendly Indians the colonists never would have survived the terrible winters. They knew nothing about planting crops, hunting animals, building sod houses or making clothing from animal skins. Life in England had been much simpler, and this new life was not like what the Spanish explorers had reported. The settlers did introduce iron tools for hunting, domesticated animals, and political ways to the Indians. In exchange, the settlers learned to build canoes for water transportation and snowshoes and toboggans for winter travelling. The Indians also taught them to blaze trails through the forest, to hunt large animals and trap smaller ones and to spear fish in the lakes and streams. The natives also introduced to the settlers typical foods such as turkey, corn, beans and pumpkin. Everything possible was done in order to make their new settlement resemble the homes they had left behind. 1. Which of the following did the new settlers teach the Indians? A. new political ways B. new method of fishing C. new means of water travel D. how to trap animals 2. What can we assume about corn and pumpkin? A. They were plentiful in England. B. They grew only in certain sections of the country C. They were preferred raw. D. They did not exist in England 3. How did the Indians teach the settlers to travel in the winter? A. by canoe B. by blazing trails through the forest C. by toboggan and snowshoes D. on animals 4. Which of the following was not introduced to the settlers by the Indians? A. corn B. domesticated animals C. building sod houses D. trapping animals 5. Whose earlier explorations and findings had misguided the English into believing that life in the New World would not be so difficult? A. Spaniards B. Indians C. other Englishmen D. political leaders I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. One step beyond automated machines is the industrial robot, the heart and brain of which is the microcomputer. Unlike most automated machines, industrial robots can be programmed to do a variety of tasks that are usually accomplished by human factory workers. Like their human counterparts, industrial robots can be switched from one job to another and can be programmed

to handle new tasks. Thus far, robots have found their greatest use in assembling mechanical components. However, they are swiftly branching from basic operations to construction and mining, and their most glamorous use of all, the exploration of oceans and outer space. Choose the best answer. 1. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to 4. This passage would most likely be found in A. describe the industrial robot and its uses B. narrates a story A. an entertainment magazine about the industrial robot B. a medical journal C. compare the industrial robot to human factory workers C. a book of short stories D. argue the advantages of the industrial robot D. a popular science journal 2. The author's reaction to an innovate form of 5. It can be concluded from this passage that transportation, such as the electric car, would most likely be A. robots will never replace human factory workers A. positive B. negative C. confusion D. surprise B. industrial robots are not as versatile as automated 3. The passage following passage would likely be about machines A. types and uses of automated machines C. the microcomputer will soon be used in automated B. how industrial robots are used in exploration machines C. the use of the microcomputer D. additional uses will be found for the industrial robot D. how robots assemble mechanical components I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realise the value of good health. When we are young and strong, we cannot imagine what it is to be weak and ailing. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted. The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. but when any of these get upset and give us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well. It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost our health, that it can be ignored with impurity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the results of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly have some day. Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health? We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is "nature's sweet restorer", and not try to burn the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be, the sound mind in the sound body. 1. According to the passage, we often appreciate our friends A. only when they are with us B. only when they are good to us B. only when they passed away C. only when they live a long way from us 2. We do not take care of our health because A. we are always in good health B. most of diseases can be cured nowadays C. we are so accustomed to good health C. we are so busy making a living 3. Poor health makes us A. useless B. unable to fulfil our expectations C. a shame to our friends D. fail to become famous 4. According to the author, having plenty of sleep when we are young A. is wasting our time B. can help us regain our strength C. may cause loss of health D. can reduce our vigour 5. The best tile for the passage is A. Health and Human Aspirations B. Heath and Our Success C. How to Keep Our Health D. The Value of Health I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a s result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. There is a great technological explosion around us, generated by science. This explosion is already freeing vast numbers of people from their traditional bondage to nature, and now at last we have it in our power to free mankind once and for all from the fear which is based on want. Now, for the first time, man can reasonably begin to think that life can be something more than a grim struggle for survival. But even today, in spite of the high standard of living which has become general in the more fortunate West, the majority of people in the world still spend nearly all their time and energy in a neverending struggle with nature to secure the food and shelter they need. Even in this elementary effort millions of human beings each year die unnecessarily and wastefully from hunger, disease, or flood. 1.The word pervade could be replaced by the word A. occupy B. run through C. influence D. change 2. The best replacement for unprecedented is A. unrivalled B. classic C. unexampled D. extraordinary 3. a great technological explosion means that there has been A. a serious break-up B. a great number of technological investments C. a fantastic world revolution D. an outstanding advance in technological achievement 4. traditional bondage means A. long-lasting restriction by natural circumstance B. doing things naturally C. doing things naturally D. having to do things in traditional ways 5.We have it in our power (to free mankind) means we have the

A. energy B. ability C. might D. authority 6. The word nearest in meaning to want in ".... based on want" is A. hunger B. desireC. sickness D. poverty 7. The author claims that man can now, for the first time, A. expect to find enjoyment in life B. hope to be satisfied C. feel proud D. feel that the world is comfortable 8. The author claims that A. not many people are hungry now B. many people are rich nowadays C. numerous people hardly have enough to satisfy their basic needs. D. only a few people are lacking in their basic needs. I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. With increasing development and use of computer technology, there is a new disease to worry about. Computer "viruses" programs designed to sabotage computers, are infecting computer in corporations, homes, and universities. These viruses spread exponentially, much like biological contagion, and the disrupt the affected systems. The viruses secretly attaches itself to other programs and can then delete or alter files. The damage is generally activated by using the computer's clock. Then, any program that is executed may be exposed to the virus, including programs spread through telephone connections. Because of the increasing incidents of virus infiltration, businesses and agencies are becoming wary of sharing software. Security policies need to be increased as immunity programs are being developed. 1. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A. Be Aware B. Stop the Clock C. Deleting Files D. Sharing Software. 2. The people most interested in reading this passage probably would be A. medical personnel B. computer users C. government workers D. health researchers 3. It is inferred that a company can best protect itself from the virus by A. keeping clean B. spreading programs by telephone C. setting the clock correctly D. not using shared software 4. The virus is A. a microbe B. an insect C. a disk D. a program 5. If the virus infects a computer, the result would probably be A. lost information B. a broken computer C. sick personnel D. dead telephones I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history combined. World population totaled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650 to 1850. Today the population is more than five billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will be more than double in the twenty-five years between 1975 and the year 2000, reaching seven billion by the turn of the century. No one knows the limits of population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus, an English economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the nineteenth century. he suggested that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply, a continual strain was exerted upon available resources. Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics, and other disasters as the usual limitations of population growth. With recent advances in science and technology, including improved agricultural methods and great strides in medicine, some of the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened, with obvious results. International organisations have recommended programs to encourage general economic development in target areas along with a decrease in birth rates to effect a lasting solution. QUESTIONS 1. The title below that best expresses the ideas in this passage is A. Thomas Malthus's Theory B. The United Nations's Estimate C. Limiting Factors in Population Growth D. A Brief History of Population and Overpopulation 2. According to this passage, by the year 2000 the earth's population should exceed the present figure by how much? A. 500 million B. Five billion C. Two billion D. Seven billion 3. Who was Thomas Malthus? A. A scientist B. An economist C. A doctor of medicine D.A United Nations representative 4. According to the passage, why has overpopulation been caused? A. Improved technology B. Disasters C. Scarcity D. Precaution 5. What do most experts recommend in order to solve problems of overpopulation? A. Famine and epidemic B. Medical advance and improved agricultural methods C. Economic development and a decline in the birth rate D. Conservation of available resources.

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