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EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA AND CALCULATION

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EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA AND CALCULATION

INDEX Page

1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 EARTHING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 3 4.0 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY REPORT................................................................................................. 4 5.0 CALCULATION OF EARTHING RESISTANCE ................................................................................... 4 6.0 EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE.......................................................................................................... 8

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EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA AND CALCULATION

1.0

SCOPE The scope of this document is to give the detail of the earthing system and to provide its calculation.

2.0

REFERENCES
3402 D/E/CA/3041 3402 D/E/DL/3506 3402 D/E/DL/3502

CEI 64-8 CEI 11-8 Topographic survey and soil investigation dated June 1998

Short Circuit Calculation for generating sets 00WATER PUMPING STATIONRoutes of General Grounding Network M.V. SWITCHBOARDRoutes of General Grounding Network Impianti el. ed utilizzatori in B.T Imp. di produz. e trasmiss.- Impianti di terra Appendix A-5 Table 7- Electrical resistivity results

3.0

EARTHING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The earthing system has been carried out in accordance with the following:

The earthing system will be connected to the existing network through two (2) bare copper conductor.

The earthing network for the electrical system shall be constructed by a mesh electrode made of galvanized steel plated, integrated by rod electrodes.

The main earthing conductor, shall have a cross-section of 105 mm (30x3.5 mm) The mesh shall be buried at a depth of 1 m below grade. The new plants earthing systems shall be interconnected between them as per figure of pag.6.

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4.0

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY REPORT The specific electrical resistivity of soil is the average of the values calculated in according Appendix A-5 Table 7- Electrical resistivity results of Topographic survey and soil investigation dated June 1998

5.0

CALCULATION OF EARTHING RESISTANCE Earthing resistance of earthing network is expressed by the following equations:

Meshed network

RM

S1 S1 with D 2D L

4A A 2

Rod electrode

RR
where:

S2 4t l n 2 t d

S = Specific electrical resistance of soil (-m) D = Equivalent diameter of meshed network (m) A = Area covered by meshed network (m) t = Length of earthing electrode (m) d = Diameter of earthing electrode (m) L = Total length of subgrade grounding wire (m). In this earthing network design, the values for each item are as follows: S1 = S2 = 20 /m (average value) - depth of 1 m

The following data are exstimated for the mesh grid buried at the OO Water pmping station:

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D = 137.86 m A = 14920 m t=4m d = 0.030 m L = 1600 m These values applied to the equations give the following results:

RM =

20 20 + = 0.085 2 137.86 1600

RR =

20 44 n = 4.999 2 314 . 4 0.030

The earthing resistance of new plants is:

RN =

RM RR 4 = 0.080 RM + 4 RR

The value of RN = 0.080 complies with Electrical Safety Requirements for LV network. The connected mesh grid buried located at the WSW 4 well area, shall provide an more safety performance, and , therefore, is not to be evalueted.

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existing

Earthing system configuration

The above diagram represents the configuration of the Earthing System for 00 WATER INJECTION FACILITIES project. In case of fault, the assumed fault current IF will flow directly to the central star point of the feeding throught the earth/earthing conductors.

The earthing fault circuit shall be:

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where: Uo is the earthing voltage of system Zf the phase impedance Zpe the protection conductor impedance Rt the relevant earthing resistance The partition voltage give the total voltage as:

Ut =

Zpe Rt Uo [V] (Zpe + Zf) + 2Rt

In case of fault, the assumed fault current IF will flow directly to the central point of the feeding transformer without involving the surrounding ground IG = 0 (Ground current), being Rt>>Zpe for a lot of cases.

For more relevant case shall be possible to demonstrate the total voltage is less than 50 volt, therefore no dangerous voltage will be present in the plant, not for materials, nor for people. The protection device and circuit impedance shall be suitable to provide, if any earthing fault occurs, the following condition:

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Zg Ig Uo

Great care shall be taken to build up the grounding network so to guarantee the maximum equipotential, as additional safety requirements. After earthing grid completion, the functionality of grounding protection shall be verified because the protection must trip in less than 5 seconds, as per IEC 364. In this way the presence in the plant of dangerous currents for too long periods shall be avoided.

6.0

EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE Copper material has been used for the earthing conductors. As a matter of fact besides the high conductivity, copper has the advantage of being resistant to underground corrosion. The earth conductors shall be suitable to sustain the maximum fault current without damage and to maintain the maximum temperature rise within acceptable values. For a conservative design, in the study and calculation related to the earthing system, the symmetrical short-circuit current IF = 14.5 kA will be used as per document 3402 D/E/CA/3041 The minimum cross-section area of the conductors shall be determined according to the following IEC equation :

I t S F K
2

where: IF = Fault current t = Time of current flow in s (assumed value) K = Constant value as per material characteristics S = Conductor cross-section area

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14.5 103 0.5 S= = 44.969 mm2 228

Therefore the minimum cross-section to be applied shall never be less than 50 mm.