Solution to In-Chapter Exercise - (Mathematics)

Chapter 18 - Determinants & Matrices

IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-(A)
1. (i) Use,
1 1 2 3 1
0 C C C C C + + = Determinant value =0
(ii) Use,
2 2 3
R R R + and then take (a +b +c) out of the determinant which leads to R
1
equal to R
2
Determinant value =0
(iii) Use,
2 2 3
C C C + and then take (ab +b c +ca) out of the determinant which leads to C
1
equal to C
2
.
Determinant value =0
(iv) Use,
1 1 2 3 1
0 C C C C C + + = Determinant value =0
(v) Use,
1 1 2 2 2 3
and R R R R R R

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0
0
1
b a c c b a a b c
D c b a a c b a b c
ab ab a b
+ +
= + +
+
=
( )
0 1
( )( ) 0 1 0
1
a b c
ac b a c a a b c
ab ab a b
+ +
+ + =
+
(vi) Use,
1 1 2 2 2 3
and R R R R R R

( )
( )
( )
( )
0
0 0
1 1
1
c a
b a c
ac
a b
D c b a
ab
ca
c a

= =
+
(vii) UseR
1
R
1
R
2
and R
2
R
2
R
3

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
0
1
a b a b a b c
D b c b c a b c
c c ab
+ +
= + +

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
0 1
0 1
1
a b c
a b b c a b c
c c ab
+ +
= + +

=0 [As R
1
=R
2
]
(viii)
0
0 0
0
a b
a c abc abc
b c

= =

2. (i) Use,C
1
C
1
C
2
and C
2
C
2
C
3

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
0 0 1
1 1 D a b b c c a b b c c a
c a ab
= =

. Hence proved
(ii) Use,C
1
C
1
C
2
and C
2
C
2
C
3

2 2 2 2 2
a b b c c
D a b b c c
b a c b a b

=
+
= ( ) ( )
2
1 1
1 1
c
a b b c a b b c c
a b
+ +
+
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions 25 Mathematics
Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions Mathematics 26
Vidyamandir Classes
Operate R
1
R
1
+R
3
=
( )( )
( )
2
0 0
1 1
c a b
a b b c a b b c c
a b
+ +
+ +
+
=(a b) (b c) (c a) (a +b +c). Hence proved
(iii) Use, C
1
C
1
C
2
and C
2
C
2
C
3
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 3
3 3 3 3 3
0 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 D a b b c c a b b c c
a ab b b c bc c a b b c c
= =
+ + + +
=(a b) (b c) (b
2
+c
2
+bc a
2
ab b
2
)
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (a +b +c). Hence proved
(iv) Use, C
1
C
1
C
2
and C
2
C
2
C
3

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
0 0 1
D a b b c c
a b b c c
=

=(a
2
b
2
) (b
3
c
3
) (a
3
b
3
)( b
2
c
2
)
=(a b) (b c) (c a) (ab +bc +ca) Hence proved
(v) Use, C
1
C
1
C
2
and C
2
C
2
C
3
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4 4 4 4 4
0 0 1
D a b b c c
a b b c c
=

=(a b) (b
4
c
4
) (b c) (a
4
b
4
)
=(a b) (b c) (c a) (a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+ab +bc +ca). Hence proved
3. (i) Use,C
1
C
1
C
3
and C
2
C
2
C
3

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
y z x x
D z x y y
z x y z x y x y
+
= +
+
R
3
R
3
R
1
R
2

( )
( )
0
0
2 2 0
y z x x
D z x y y
y x
+
= +

=4 x y z. Hence proved
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions 27 Mathematics
Vidyamandir Classes
(ii) Use, R
1
R
1
R
2
and R
2
R
2
R
3

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
b a b a
D c b c b
b a a b

=
+
Use, R
1
R
1
+R
3

2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 0 2 b b
c b c b
b a a b
=
+
Use, C
1
C
1
C
3

2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0 2b
c c b
a a a b
=
+
=4a
2
b
2
c
2
. Hence Proved
(iii) Same as Q. 3(i) replace x =a
2
, y =b
2
, z =c
2
(iv) Use,R
1
R
1
R
2
and R
2
R
2
R
3

2 2
2 2
2 2
ab bc b c
D a bc ac c
ab bc b c

=
+
Use, R
3
R
3
+R
1

2 2
2 2
2
0 2 2
ab bc b c
a bc ac c
bc c

=
Use, R
1
R
1
+
2
bR
a
; D
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
0
0 2 2
b c bc
bc b c bc
a a
a bc ac c
bc c
+
=
=
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 4
b c bc
a c bc b bc c bc a b c
a a
( | | | |
+ = ( | |
| |
(
\ . \ .
. Hence proved
4. (C)
1 1 1
1 1 2 1
1 1 1 3
x
y y
z z z
+
+ +
+ + +
=x y z
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 2
1 1 1
1 1 3
x x x
y y y
z z z
+
+ +
+ + +
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions Mathematics 28
Vidyamandir Classes
Use, R
1
R
1
+ R
2
+R
3
=
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 2
1 1 1
1 1 3
x y z
x y z y y y
z z z
| |
+ + + + +
|
\ .
+ + +
Use, C
2
C
2
C
1
and C
3

C
3
C
1
=
1 0 0
1 1 1 1
3 1 1 1
1
1 0 2
x y z
x y z y
z
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
+
=2 x y z
1 1 1
3 0
x y z
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .
x
1
+y
1
+z
1
=3
5. (A) The determinant f is symmetric in x, y, z and vanishes when x is replaced by y or z and also when y is replaced by z so that
f =(x y) (y z) (z x) F (x, y, z). F (x, y, z) being a symmetric function in x, y, z.
The main diagonal gives x y
3
z and in the product, we have the term (x y) (y z) (z x). It follows that :
F (x, y, z) =xy +yz +zx
f = (x y) (y z) (z x) (xy +yz +zx) and g =(x y) (y z) (z x)
f
g
=xy +yz +zx
6. (A) g (x) =
3
5
log 2
log 3 4
log 5
1
x
e
x
e
x
e
a x
a x
a x
a e x
a e x
a e

=
( )
2
3 3 4 log
5 5
1
x x
x x
x x a a
x x
a a x
a a x e
a a

g ( x) =
2
3 3 4
5 5
1
x x
x x
x x
a a x
a a x
a a

=
2
st
3 3 4
nd
5 5
InterchangingI
andII columns
1
x x
x x
x x
a a x
a a x
a a

| |
|
|
\ .
= g (x) g (x) +g ( x) =0
7. (AC) Substitute x =0 in the given determinant, we get a =0.
Differentiating A column by column
A' =
2
2
sin 1
sin log (1 ) 1
1 1
x
e
e x
x x
x
+ +
2
cos 1
2
cos 1
1
2 1
x
e x
x
x
x
x x
+
+0 =b +2c x
Now, substitute x =0
b =
1 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
+ =
8. (C) Since 3 <t <3.2 and 2.7 <e <2.8, [3t] =9 and [2e] =5, so that the three equations are consistent provided [4a] =6. This
gives, 6 s 4a <7

3 7
2 4
a s < i.e. a lies in
3 7
,
2 4
|
|

.
Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions 29 Mathematics
9. (D) We have
|' (x) =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
'' '' ''
'' '' ''
''' ''' '''
+
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
' ' '
''' ''' '''
''' ''' '''
+
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
iv iv iv
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
' ' '
'' '' ''
=0 +0 +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
f x g x h x
f x g x h x
' '
'' '' ''
=0 [ f, g, h are polynomials of degree 3, f
iv
(x) =g
iv
(x) =h
iv
(x) =0]
| (x) must be a constant.
10. (A)
2
2
2
1 2
2 3 1 3 3 3
2 3 2 1 2 1
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+
+ +
Use, R
2
R
2
(R
1
+R
3
) =gives
2
2
1 2
4 0 0
2 3 2 1 2 1
x x x x
x x x x
+ +

+ +
=12 (2x 1) =Ax +B
A =24, B = 12 A +2B =0
IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE-(B)
1. (C) Let
0 2b c
A a b c
a b c
(
(
=
(
(

. Now A
T
=
0
2
a a
b b b
c c c
(
(

(
(

As A is orthogonal AA
T
=I

0 2 0 1 0 0
2 0 1 0
0 0 1
b c a a
a b c b b b
a b c c c c
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (


2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 2 2
2
2
b c b c b c
b c a b c a b c
b c a b c a b c
(
+ +
(
( + +
(
+ + + (

=
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
(
(
(
(

Equating the corresponding elements, we get
4 b
2
+c
2
=1 . . . (i) , 2 b
2
c
2
=0 . . . (ii) and a
2
+b
2
+c
2
=1 . . . (iii)
On solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
1 1 1
;
2 6 3
a b c = = =
2. (A) A
2
=AA =
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
p q r p q r
( (
( (

( (
( (

=
2
0 0 1
p q r
pr p qr q r
(
(
(
(
+ +

Again
A
3
=A
2
A =
2
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 p q r
p q r
pr p qr q r
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
+ +

=
2
2 2 2 3
2
p q r
pr p qr q r
pq r p pr q qr p qr r
(
(
+ +
(
(
+ + + + +

Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions Mathematics 30
=
2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
p q
p q
p
pq q qr
(
(
(
(
+
(
(
(
(


+
2
2 2 3
0 0 r
pr qr r
pr pr qr qr r
(
(
(
(
+ +

=p
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1
q
p q r
( (
( (
+
( (
( (

+r
2
0 0 1
p q r
pr p qr q r
(
(
(
(
+ +

=pI +qA +rA
2
A
3
rA
2
qA =pI
3. (D) We have,
1 0
1 1
A
(
=
(

2
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1
A
( (
=
( (

=
1 0
2 1
(
(

A
3
=
1 0 1 0 1 0
2 1 1 1 3 1
( ( (
=
( ( (

Similarly, A
n
=
1 0
1 n
(
(

.Now, go option by option
Clearly A and C are ruled out.
(B)
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1
n n
n n n n
( ( (
= +
( ( (

(D) Now,
nA (n 1) I =
0 1 0
0 1
n n
n n n
( (

( (

=
1 0
1 n
(
(

4. (C) Now, p
3
=P (I P)
=PI P
2
=PI (I P) =P I +P =2P I
P
4
=P P
3
P
4
=P (2P I) P
4
=2 P
2
P
P
4
=2I 2P P P
4
=2I 3P P
5
=P (2I 3P)
P
5
=2P 3 (I P) P
5
=5P 3I P
6
=P (5P 3I)
P
6
=5 P
2
3P P
6
=5 (I P) 3P P
6
=5I 8P, So, n =6.
5. (A) 3A =
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 x y
(
(

(
(

A =
1 2 2
3 3 3
2 1 2
3 3 3
2
3 3 3
x y
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(

AA
T
=
1 2 2 1 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 2 2 1 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
x
x y y
( (
( (
( (
( (

( (
( (
( (

( (

=
2 2
2 4
1 0
9
2 2 2
0 1
9
2 4 2 2 2 4
9 9 9
x y
x y
x y x y x y
( + +
(
(
+ (
(
(
( + + + + +
(

x +2y +4 =0 . . . (i) 2x 2y +2 =0 . . . (ii)
Solve (i) and (ii) to get : x = 2 and y = 1 x +y = 3
Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions 31 Mathematics
6. (ABD)
2
3
1 2 2 1 2 2
4 5 2 1 2 2 1 2
2 2 1 2 2 1
A A I
( (
( (
=
( (
( (


1 2 2 1 0 0
4 2 1 2 5 0 1 0
2 2 1 0 0 1
( (
( (

( (
( (

=
9 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0
8 9 8 8 4 8 0 5 0
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5
( ( (
( ( (
+ +
( ( (
( ( (

=
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
(
(
=
(
(

A
2
4A 5I
3
=0
A
1
A
2
4A
1
A 5A
1
I
3
=0 (A
1
A) A 4 I
3
5A
1
=0
IA 4 I
3
5A
1
=0
1
3
1
( 4 )
5
A A I

=
Also,
2
| | A =
9 8 8
8 9 8 25 0
8 8 9
= = A
2
is invertible
and A
3
=A A
2
=A (4A +5 I
3
) =4A
2
+5A
=
36 32 32 5 10 10 41 42 42
32 36 32 10 5 10 42 41 42
32 32 36 10 10 5 42 42 41
( ( (
( ( (
+ =
( ( (
( ( (

| A
3
| = 0 A
3
is invertible.
7. (A) P
T
P =PP
T
=I Q
2
=PAP
T
PAP
T
=PA
2
P
T
Q
n
=PA
n
P
T
A
2
=
1 2
0 1
(
(

, A
3
=
1 3
0 1
(
(

A
n
=
1
0 1
n (
(

P
T
Q
2005
P =P
T
PA
2005
P
T
P =A
2005
=
1 2005
0 1
(
(

8. (AB) 2x y =
3 3 0
3 3 2
(
(

. . . (i) and x +2y =
4 1 5
1 4 4
(
(


. . . (ii)
Multiply (i) by 2 and add to (ii) to get :
5x =
6 6 0 4 1 5
6 6 4 1 4 4
( (
+
( (



10 5 5
5 10 0
(
=
(

x =
2 1 1
1 2 0
(
(

Multiplying (ii) by 2 and subtract (i) from it to get :
5y =
8 2 10 3 3 0
2 8 8 3 3 2
( (

( (


=
5 5 10
5 5 10
(
(


y =
1 1 2
1 1 2
(
(


x +y =
3 0 3
0 3 2
(
(

and x y =
1 2 1
2 1 2
(
(

9. (B) Solve 2x +y =5 and x +3y =5 to get x =2 and y =1. As (x, y) (2, 1) satisfies the equation x 2y =0, we have unique solution
for given system of equations.
Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 18] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions Mathematics 32
10. (C) f (x +y) =
cos( ) sin( ) 0
sin( ) cos( ) 0
0 0 1
x y x y
x y x y
+ + (
(
+ +
(
(

=
cos sin 0 cos sin 0
sin cos 0 sin cos 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
x x y y
x x y y
( (
( (
( (
( (

=f (x) . f (y)
11. (B)
cot 1 sin2
1 tan 2
A
u ( u
=
(
u

assuming
cos 0
sin 0
u = (
(
u =

;
cot 1 sin2
1 tan 2
B
| ( |
=
(
|

assuming
cos 0
sin 0
| = (
(
| =


cot cot 1 cot tan sin2 sin2
cot tan 1 tan tan 4
AB
u | + u + | ( u |
=
(
| + u + u |

As sin 2u sin 2| = 0
cot u cot | +1 =0 | u | | =
(2 1)
2
n + t
and cot u tan | =0 | u | | =
(2 1)
2
n + t
and cot | tan u =0 | u | | =
(2 1)
2
n + t
and 1 +tan u tan | =0 | u | | =
(2 1)
2
n + t
| u | | =
2
t
12. (A)
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
( ) 1 1
1 1
A B
(
+ e e + e + e
(
( + = e + e e + + e
(
e + e + e e + (

=
2
2
2
1
1
1
(
e e
(
( e e
(
e e (

2
2
2 2
1
1
( ) 1
1
A B C
(
e e
(
(
(
( + = e e e
(
(
(
e e e (


=
2 3
2 4
2 4
0
1 0
0
1
(
e e e
(
(
(
( e e =
(
(
(
e e (

13. (A)
2
2
2
0
0
0
a ab ac
c b
c a ba b bc
b a
ca cb c
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
(
(
(
(

=O.
14. (BD) For infinite solutions or no solution
| A | =0
1 0
1 0
1
a
b d
b c
=
(ab 1) (c d) =0 ab =1 or c =d
Adj (A) =
0 1 1
bc bd c d
d c ac ad
ab ab
(
(

(
(

Vidyamandir Classes
[Chapter - 19] In - Chapter Exercise Solutions 33 Mathematics
(Adj A) U =
( )
( )
(1 ) ( 1)
bf c d cg dh
f d c gac had
g ab h ab
+ (
(
+
(
( +

Now for infinite solution (Adj A) U =0
bf (c d) cg +dh =0 ; f (d c) +a (cg dh) =0 and (ab 1) (h g) =0
All the above holds good if d =c and g =h.
15. (D)

AX =U has infinitely many solution
c =d, h =g

1 1
| | 0
a
B d c
f g h
= =0 [

c =d, h =g]
adj (B) =
T
dh cg cf df
g h ah f f ag
c d ac ad
(
(

(
(

=
0
0
0
T
cf df
ah f f ag
ac ad
(
(

(
(

[ c =d, h =g]
(adj B) V =
0 0 0
cf ah f ac
df f ag ad
(
(

(
(

2
0
0
a
(
(
(
(

=
2
2
0
a cf
d f a
(
(
(
(

Nosolution
=0 if =0 solution
0
acf
=

16. (ABC) (adj B) V =

2
2
0
a cf
d f a
(
(
(
(

(When AX =U has infinitely many solution)
As, BX =V is consistent, also we have | B | =0
(adj B) V =0 either, f =0 or a =0 or c =d =0.
17. (D) AX =U has infinite solution so from 15th question, BX =V has either no solution or infinitely many solution
Give c = 0, f = 0
But nothing given about a', so system can have infinite solution or no solution.
In case a =0, then system is homogeneous and then one solution is always (0, 0, 0).
18. (A) p, q, r are the entries of first row and C
21
, C
22
, C
23
are cofactors of second row
p. C
21
+q. C
22
+r . C
23
=0
19. (C) x, y, z are the entries of second row and C
21
, C
22
, C
23
are cofactors second row
x.C
21
+y . C
22
+z . C
23
=A
20. (B) q . M
12
y. M
22
+m . M
32
= q . C
12
y . C
22
m . C
32
= (q . C
12
+y . C
22
+m . C
32
) =A
[q, y, m are the entries of second colu mn and C
12
, C
22
, C
32
are cofactors second column]