Differential Calculus.

Final review.

I. Find the given limits.

t 3 − 27
(a) lim t →3 .
t2 −9
sin 2 x
(b) lim x →0 .
sin 5 x
4 − x2
(c) lim x →2 .
3 − x2 + 5
(d) lim x → a 3 g ( x) [ f ( x) + 3] , if lim x →a f ( x ) = 3 and lim x→ a g ( x ) = −1 .

II. Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of

x2 + 4
y= .
x2 −1

III. Find the derivative of the following functions

(a) ( )
f (θ ) = sin (θ ) 1 − cos 2 (θ ) ( cot (θ ) sec(θ ) ) .
−x
e +ex
(b) y= .
e x − e−x
   1   
(c) y = cos sin  tan  x    .
  4 
1+ ex 
(d) f ( x) = ln .
x 
1− e 
(e) e xy + x 2 − y 2 = 10 . (Implicit differentiation).

IV. Sketch the graphs of the following functions, using the first and second derivative rules.

17. f ( x) = 1 − 3 x + 3 x 2 − x 3 .
19. f ( x) = x 4 − 6 x 2 .
21. f ( x) = ( x − 3) .
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V. In the production and selling of x units of a certain merchandise, the function price p and the
function cost C (in dollars) are given by
p ( x ) = 5.00 − 0.002 x
C ( x) = 3.00 + 1.10 x
Find the expressions for the marginal income, cost and revenue; find the level of production that
gives the maximum revenue.

VI. An open rectangular box is to be constructed by cutting square corners out of a 16- by 16-
inch piece of cardboard and folding up the flaps. [See Fig. 10(b).] Find the value of x for which
the volume of the box will be as large as possible.
VII. A toy rocket fired straight up into the air has height s (t ) = 160t − 16t feet after t seconds.
2

(a) What is the rocket’s initial velocity (when t = 0)?

(b) What is the velocity after 2 seconds?
(c) What is the acceleration when t = 3?
(d) At what time will the rocket hit the ground?
(e) At what velocity will the rocket be traveling just as it smashes into the ground?

Answers:

I. (a) 9/2, (b) 2 /5, (c) 6, (d) -6.

II. Vertical Asymptotes: x = 1 and x = -1, Horizontal Asymptote: y = 1.

−4
f (θ ) = 2 sin(θ ) cos(θ ) , (b) y ' =
III. (a)
(e x
− e −x ) 2 ,

   1      1  2  1  ln 4 2e x
(c) y ' = sin  sin  tan x    cos tan x   sec  x  x , (d) f ' ( x) = ,
  4    4  4  4 1 − e2x
− ye xy − 2 x
(e) y ' = .
xe xy − 2 y

V.
IV. Income: xp( x) = 5.00 x − 0.002 x 2 , marginal income: 5.00 − 0.004 x ,

Marginal cost: C ' ( x) = 1.10 .

Revenue: Income – Cost: 5.00 x − 0.002 x 2 − ( 3.00 + 1.10 x )

= −3.00 + 3.9 x − 0.002 x 2 .

Marginal revenue: 3.9 − 0.004 x .

Maximum revenue: x = 975 .

VI.

Volume: V = w2 x Objective equation.

w = 16 − 2 x Constraint equation.
V = (16 − 2 x ) x We substitute the expression for w (constraint
2
equation) in the expression for the volume
(
V = 256 − 64 x + 4 x 2 x ) (objective equation). That way, the expression
for the volume depends on just one variable,
V = 256 x − 64 x 2 + 4 x 3 x.
V ' = 256 − 128 x + 12 x 2 We want to find the maximum of the function
for the volume, so we find its derivative, and
V '= 0 set it equal to zero.
256 − 128 x + 12 x 2 = 0
64 − 32 x + 3 x 2 = 0
− ( − 32 ) ± ( 32) 2 − 4( 3)( 64) We can’t solve this equation using
x= factorization, so we use the general formula
2( 3) for second degree equations:
32 ± 16 − b ± b 2 − 4ac .
x= x=
6 2a
x1 = 8, x 2 ≈ 2.7.

Finally, we choose x = 2.7 as our final answer, the other value (x = 8), is a minimum, because if
we evaluate the second derivative of the volume ( V ' ' = −128 + 24 x ) with x = 8, we obtain a
positive value, which means that the function is concave up at x = 8.

VII. (a) 160 ft/sec (b) 96 ft/sec (c) -32 ft/sec2 (d) 10 sec (e) -160 ft/sec.