EMI Sources & EMC Technologies V Prasad Kodali V.

p.kodali@ieee.org

Sources of EMI - topics

Fundamentals F d l of f EMI EMC Coupling of EMI Natural sources of EMI Electrostatic discharge EMI in circuits and systems Transients in power supply lines Nonlinearities in circuits P Passive i i inter-modulation t d l ti Crosstalk in transmission lines EMI in PCBs and microcircuits Illustrative examples

EMI EMC definitions

Any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a devise, equipment, or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter (an electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic l t ti noise, i an un-wanted t d signal, i l or a change h i in th the propagation ti medium itself)

EM di disturbance t b

EM interference Degradation of the performance of a device, equipment,

or system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance

EM compatibility The ability of a device, equipment, or system to function

satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment

Mechanisms of EM Interferences

EMI/EMC Units

Sources of EMI

EMI from Appliances

EMI from Appliances

EMI - Celestial Noise

EMI Sources

EM Fields

EM Fields

(contd.)

EM Fields from Lightning

Electrostatic Discharge

Materials exhibiting ESD

Acetate Asbestos Glass Human hair Nylon Wool Fur Lead Silk Al min m Aluminum Paper Polyurethane Cotton Wool Steel Sealing wax Hard H d rubber bb Mylar Epoxy glass Nickel, Copper, Silver Brass, Stainless steel Synthetic rubber Acrylic Polystyrene foam Polyurethane foam Polyester Saran Polyethylene Polypropylene PVC (Vinyl) Teflon Silicon Rubber

ESD in Practice

ESD equivalent circuit

ESD model waveform

ESD radiated fields

ESD standard test waveforms

EMI from switches

EM noise from switches

Transients in power supply lines

Transient T i t over-voltages lt ( (probably b bl as a result lt of ft terrestrial t i l phenomena h such h as lightning Radiation from strong radar/radio/communication transmissions within the vicinity, which are picked up by the power transmission lines Sudden decrease or increase in the mains voltage (caused by the switching of low impedance loads) Burst of high frequency noise (probably due to switching of reactive loads)

Surge voltages from lightning

A nearby lightning strike to objects Lightning ground-current ground current flow The rapid drop of voltage A direct lightning strike to high-voltage primary p ayc circuits cu ts Lightning strikes the secondary circuits directly directl

Surge g voltages g from lightning g g

Transients due to Lightning g g

Switching Transients
Minor switching near the point of interest (voltage g notching) g) that occur Periodic transients ( each cycle during the commutation in electronic power converters Multiple re-ignitions or re-strikes during a switch operation Major power system switching disturbances Various system faults, faults such as short circuits and arcing faults

Switching Transients

Voltage Transients on power supply lines

Nonlinearities in circuits

Amplifier noise

Modulation Noise

AM noise - illustration

Passive Intermodulation (Materials and Practices for reducing PIM)

Silver plated Sil l d type N connectors ( (avoid id l low-pressure contacts) ) Terminations or attenuators made with alloys or oxides of nonferrous metals Good, clean dielectric material Smooth well-executed weld Soft solder (satisfactory if well executed) Clean and dry surfaces Corners and edges (all corners and edges exposed to RF fields must be rounded

Passive Intermodulation Materials and practices to be avoided

Ferromagnetic F ti materials t i l (even if not t in i the th RF cavity) it ) Non-magnetic stainless steel Ferromagnetic bolts Circulators, isolators made with ferrites Terminations or attenuators made by plating nicrome or other ferromagnetic materials Terminations or attenuators with composite resistive material Hermetic seals (generally made with ferromagnetic materials) Strip-line components (unsatisfactory, probably due to sharp edges or conductive strip) Pl ti over f Plating ferromagnetic ti surfaces f ( (even a thick thi k fib fiber cannot t guarantee t suppression of PIM) Dielectrics loaded with conductive powder granules (contacts between granules produce PIM) Multi-layer thermal wrap made of aluminum-coated Mylar (not to be used in high strength RF field areas)

Signal Integrity

Signal Integrity in PCBs PCB s

SI analysis y - model

Inductive coupling of EMI

L & C coupling of EMI

Coupling in transmission lines

Cross talk

Cross talk

(contd)

Cross Talk

(contd)

Cross talk - illustration

EM energy coupling