It would be surprising for many Indians today to know that the concepts of atom (Ann, Parmanu) and relativity

(Sapekshavada) were explicitly stated by an Indian philosopher nearly 600 years before the birth of Christ. These ideas which were of fundamental import had been developed in India in a very abstract manner. This was so as their exponents were not physicians in today's sense of the term. They were philosophers and their ideas about the physical reality were integrated with those of philosophy and theology. The Five Basic Physical Elements From the Vedic times, around 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C., Indians (Indo-Aryans) had classified the material world into four elements viz. Earth (Prithvi), fire (Agni), air (Maya) and water (Apa). To these four elements was added a fifth one viz. ether or Akasha. Ac cording to some scholars these five elements or Pancha Mahabhootas were identified with the various human senses of perception; earth with smell, air with feeling, fire with vision, water with taste and ether with sound. Whatever the validity behind this interpretation, it is true that since very ancient times Indians had perceived the material world as comprising these 5 elements. The Buddhist philosophers who came later, rejected ether as an element and replaced it with life, joy and sorrow. Indian Ideas About Atomic Physics Since ancient times Indian philosophers believed that except Akash (ether), all other elements were physically palpable and hence comprised miniscule particles of matter. The last miniscule particle of matter which could not be subdivided further was termed Parmanu. The word Parmanu is a combination of Param, meaning beyond, and any meaning atom. Thus the term Parmanu is suggestive of the possibility that, at least at an abstract level Indian philosophers in ancient times had conceived the possibility of splitting an atom which, as we know today, is the source of atomic energy. This Indian concept of the atom was developed independently and prior to the development of the idea in the Greco-Roman world. The first Indian philosopher who formulated ideas about the atom in a systematic manner was Kanada who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another Indian philosopher, Pakudha Katyayana who also lived in the 6th century B.C. and was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha, had also propounded ideas about the atomic constitution of the material world. These philosophers considered the Atom to be indestructible and hence eternal. The Buddhists believed atoms to be minute objects invisible to the naked eye and which come into being and vanish in an instant. The Vaisheshika school of philosophers believed that an atom was a mere point in space. Indian theories about the atom are greatly abstract and enmeshed in philosophy as they were based on logic and not on personal experience or experimentation. Thus the Indian theories lacked an empirical base, but in the words of A.L. Basham, the veteran Australian Indologist "they were brilliant imaginative explanations of the physical structure of the world, and in a large measure, agreed with the discoveries of modern physics." The Story of Kanada The school of philosophy which contributed to the development of ideas about the atom was the Vaisheshika school. A brilliant philosopher by the name Kashyapa (later

called Kanada) is credited with having propounded the concept of atom for the first time. According to legend, Kashyapa lived in the 6th century B.C. He was the son of a phi losopher named Ulka. From his child days Kashyapa displayed a keen sense of service. Minute things attracted his attention. The story goes that once when young boy he had accompanied his faith a pilgrimage to Prayaga, he noticed that thousands of pilgrims who were flocking the town littered its roads with flowers grains of rice which they offered at the temples by the river Ganges. While everybody else was busy offering prayers, or bathing the Ganges, the young Kashyapa started collecting the grains (Kana) of rice that littered the streets. Looking at this strange behaviour coming from a boy who seemingly belonged to do family, many of the passers-by curious and started wondering who he could be and why was he acting in strange manner. Soon a crowd collected around the young Kashyapa who continued collecting the grains, oblivious of the attention he was attracting. Passing by that was Muni Somasharma a learned Sage, wondered why the crowd had gathered time when everybody should have been the bathing ghats for the morning's ritual bath. On going near he saw for himself reason and heard the derogatory remarks being made about the young Kashyapa. Muni Somasharma knew who Kashyapa was, he silenced the crowd and said that, knew who the boy was. Being himself curious to know the reason for Kashyapa's strange behaviour, Somasharma asked him why he was counting discarded grains which even a beggar would not care to collect. Somewhat hurt at question, Kashyapa replied that howsoever miniscule an object might be, it nevertheless was a part of the universe. Individual grains in themselves may seem worthless, but a collection of some hundred grains make up a person's meal, the collection many meals would feed an entire family and ultimately the entire mankind was made of many families, thus even a single grain of rice was as important as all the valuable riches in this world. This reply of the young Kashyapa deeply impressed Muni Somasharma who said that one day Kashyapa would grow into a celebrated philosopher and said that in recognition of Kayshapa's unusual sense of perceiving miniscule objects he would henceforth be Kanada, from Kana which means a grain. This was how Kashyapa came to acquire the Kanada, which was made immortal in history of Indian science due to the path-breaking conception of atom and relativity which Kanada was to put forth. He propounded the Vaisheshika-Sutra (Peculiarity Aphorisms). These Sutras were a of science and philosophy. Their subject was the atomic theory of matter. On reading these Sutras we find that Kanada's atomic theory was far more advanced than formulated later by the Greek philosophers, Democritus and Leucippus. Anu and Parmanu It was Kanada who first propounded the that the Parmanu (atom) was an indestrutible particle of matter. According to the material universe is made up of Kana. When matter is divided and sudivided, we reach a stage beyond which no division is possible, the undivisible element of matter is Parmanu. Kanada explained that this indivisible, indestructible y cannot be sensed through any human organ.

In saying that there are different types of Parmanu for the five Pancha Mahabhootas, Earth, water, fire, air and ether. Each Parmanu has a peculiar property which depends, on the substance to which it belongs . It was because of this conception of peculiarity of Parmanu (atoms) that this theory unded by Kanada came to be known VaisheshikaSutra (Peculiarity Aphorisms). In this context Kanada seems to arrived at conclusions which were surpassed only many centuries after him. According to Kanada, an object appears to be heavy under water than it does in air because the density of atoms in water is more than in air. The additional density of , in water, Kanada said, takes on part of the weight of an object, hence we feel only a part of its total weight, while in air, the lesser density of atoms results in a lesser part of an object's weight being picked by air, hence we feel the object to be heavier in air than what is was when under the water. In saying this, in a very elementary but important way, Kanada foreshadowed Archimedes' theory that a body immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid it displaces. Kanada's idea also had shades of relativity in it which was propounded by Einstien in our times. About his ideas on atom, Kanada observed that an inherent urge made one Parmanu combine with another. When two Parmanu belonging to one class of substance combined, a dwinuka (binary molecule) was the result. This dwinuka had properties similar to the two parent Parmanu. In the material universe, according to him, Parmanu be longing to different classes of substances combine in different combinations giving us a variety of dwinuka, which in other words means different types of substances. Apart from such combination of different Parmanu, Kanada also put forth the idea of chemical changes occuring because of various factors. He claimed that variation in temperature could bring about such changes. He cited the examples of blackening of a new earthen pot and the ripening of fruit to illustrate the chemical change in substances brought about by the heat. Thus according to Kanada all substances, all matter that existed in the universe was formed of Parmanu (atoms). The variations in the matter reflected the peculiarity of the Parmanu which constituted that particular matter, the variety of combinations between different types of Parmanu and the effect on them of variation in temperature. These Indian ideas about atom and atomic physics could have been transmitted to the west during the contacts created between India and the west by the invasion of Alexander. The Greeks invaded north-western India in around 330 B C. Along with Alexander, came Greek philosophers like Aristotle who is reported to have been Alexander's mentor. Scholars like Aristotle would surely have keenly studied the sciences of the lands which the Greek armies overran. Even after Alexander's departure, massive trade and diplomatic relations existed between Indians and Greeks (who had settled in Asia) This way perhaps, Indian ideas could have travelled westwards where they were developed further. Some scholars even go to the extent of saying that in Kanada's lifetime itself some Greek scholars had visited India and through a debate with the great philosopher had been exposed to Indian ideas about atom. the possibility of such a meeting is remote as Kanada lived in the 6th century B.C. and the Greeks came into India only in the 4th century B.C. But nevertheless it remains a fact that Indian ideas about atom are the

oldest. It is only after the 4th century B.C., after the Greeks had come in contact with India do we find references to the idea of an atom in Greek science. Thus it is quite possible that the Greeks borrowed the ideas about atom from Indian philosophers in the 4th century B.C. But the credit of developing these ideas further, goes to the Greeks and other IloveIndia Lifestyle Lounge Art & Entertainment Automobiles Beauty & Fashion Gadgets & Gizmos Health & Fitness Home & Living Parenting & Family Society Travel

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Here is a brief profile of great Indian scientists. Read about information on popular Indian scientists Home : Famous Indians : Scientists Scientists Indian scientists have played a stellar role in the development of India. In the short span of its post-independence history India has achieved several great scientific achievements. Indian scientists have proved their mettle in the face of international sanctions and have made India one of the scientific powerhouses of the world. Here is a brief profile of famous Indian scientists.

C.V. Raman C.V. Raman is one of the most renowned scientists produced by India. His full name was Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. For his pioneering work on scattering of light, C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. Homi Bhabha Homi Bhabha, whose full name was Homi Jehnagir Bhabha, was a famous Indian atomic scientist. In Independent India, Homi Jehnagir Bhabha, with the support of Jawaharlal Nehru, laid the foundation of a scientific establishment and was responsible for the creation of two premier institutions, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Jagdish Chandra Bose Jagdish Chandra Bose was born on November 30, 1858 in Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh). His father Bhagabanchandra Bose was a Deputy Magistrate. Jagadish Chandra Bose had his early education in village school in Bengal medium. Meghnad Saha Meghnad Saha was born on October 6, 1893 in Sheoratali, a village in the District of Dacca, now in Bangladesh. He was the fifth child of his parents, Sri Jagannath Saha and Smt. Bhubaneshwari Devi. His father was a grocer in the village. Meghnad Saha had his early schooling in the primary school of the village. M. Visvesvaraya Sir M. Visvesvaraya was born on September 15, 1860 in Muddenahalli village in the Kolar district of the erstwhile princely state of Mysore (present day Karnataka). His father Srinivasa Sastry was a Sanskrit scholar and Ayurvedic practitioner. His mother Venkachamma was a religious lady. He lost his father when he was only 15 years old. Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose was an outstanding Indian physicist. He is known for his work in Quantum Physics. He is famous for "Bose-Einstein Theory" and a kind of particle in atom has been named after his name as Boson. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. He did commendable work in astrophysics, physics and applied mathematics. Chandrasekhar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983. Vikram Sarabhai Vikram Sarabhai was one of the greatest scientists of India. He is considered as the Father of the Indian space program. Apart from being a scientist, he was a rare combination of an innovator, industrialist and visionary. Anil Kakodkar Dr Anil Kakodkar is a very distinguished nuclear scientist of India. He is presently the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (AECI) as well as the Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy. APJ Abdul Kalam

Apart from being a notable scientist and engineer, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from the period 2002 to 2007. He is a man of vision, who is always full of ideas aimed at the development of the country and is also often also referred to as the Missile Man of India. Birbal Sahni Birbal Sahni was a renowned paleobotanist of India, who studied the fossils of the Indian subcontinent. Also a great geologist, Sahni is credited for establishing the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany at Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Born on 14 November in the year 1891 at Behra in the Saharanpur District of West Punjab, Birbal was the third son of Ishwar Devi and Prof. Srinivasa Ramanujan Srinivasa Ramanujan was a mathematician par excellence. He is widely believed to be the greatest mathematician of the 20th Century. Srinivasa Ramanujan made significant contribution to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series. Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Dr Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar was a distinguished Indian scientist. He was born on 21 February 1894 at Shahpur, which is located in Pakistan in present times. His father passed away sometime after the birth of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. As such, he spent his childhood days with his maternal grandfather who was an engineer and it was here that he developed an interest in science and engineering. Har Gobind Khorana Har Gobind Khorana is an American molecular biologist born on 9 January 1922 to an Indian Punjabi couple. For his work on the interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1968. Raja Ramanna Handpicked by the founder of India's nuclear program, Dr. Homi Bhabha, Dr. Raja Ramanna was a celebrated physicist and nuclear scientist that India had ever produced. A multifaceted personality, Dr. Raja Ramanna played the roles of a technologist, nuclear physicist, administrator, leader, musician, Sanskrit literature scholar, and philosophy researcher. Ganapathi Thanikaimoni Ganapathi Thanikaimoni, a successful botanist of his days, is remembered till date for his widespread contribution in the field of palynology. His researches and projects not only helped India to make its presence felt on the world stage of botany, it also furthered public relations between two countries. Harish-Chandra For those who quiver at the thought of calculations and numerical deductions, unless when counting money, mathematics can be the equivalent of hell on earth. And for such 'math atheists' a mathematician like Harish Chandra can very well seem like a mirage. Harish Chandra is one amongst those few people who often G. N. Ramachandran

Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran, popularly referred to as G. N. Ramachandran surely must be included in the list of one of the best scientists that 20th century India had produced. The best known work of G. N. Ramachandran till date is the Ramachandran plot, which the scientist had conceived along with Viswanathan Sasisekharan, to understand the structure of peptides. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Economic census, population census, agricultural surveys and various other large scale and in depth samples and surveys that have been admired the world over for their scope and accuracy owes its popularity and worldwide acceptance to the grit, determination and genius of one man, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao was one of the greatest physicists of 20th century India. His work in spectroscopy led to the development of the Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in Physics. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao is also known for his long association with the Andhra University in which he served as professor of Physics and subsequently, Salim Ali Almost every one of us is interested in watching colorful and distinct birds crossing us. But very few are passionate about studying them in detail. One such man who took extreme interest and excitement in studying birds closely and categorizing them was Dr. Salim Ali. One of the greatest biologists of all times, Yellapragada Subbarao "You've probably never heard of Dr. Yellapragada Subba Rao, yet because he lived you may be well and alive today; because he lived you may live longer". A famous adage quoted by American author, Doron K. Antrim, Yellapragada Subbarao was one of those rare people who made several significant contributions, Sam Pitroda Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda is a famous Indian and a renowned inventor, entrepreneur and policymaker who currently serves as an advisor to the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Manmohan Singh. His work revolves around Public Information Infrastructure & Innovations. He is respected for being a technological intellect Venkataraman Ramakrishnan Indian born American, Venkataraman Ramakrishnan is a senior scientist in the Structural Division at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in Cambridge, England. This great scholar has worked in various fields of biology during the earlier part of his career. However, Venkat along with Thomas A.

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Higgs Boson: The Indian Connection Beyond S.N. Bose Kolkata | Geneva | Jul 04, 2012 Tweet PRINT More Sharing Services Share on facebook Share on pinterest_share Share on twitter Share on email COMMENTS

Also read: The Goddamn Particle The discovery of a new sub- atomic particle that is crucial to understanding how the universe is built announced in Geneva today has an intrinsic Indian connection. A large number of Indian scientists, representing the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics(SINP), Kolkata, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Harishchandra Research Institute, Allahabad and Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, were involved in the world's most ambitious experiment over the years. The Indian link to the world's ambitious experiment was also significantly reflected in comments ahead of the announcement by CERN scientists that a sub-atomic particle "consistent" with the Higgs boson or 'God particle' has been spotted. "India is like a historic father of the project," said Paolo Giubellino, spokesperson of Geneva-based European Organisation for Nuclear Research, famously known as CERN. As scientists thrashed out the 'God particle' in its physical form in a giant collider, there was palpable excitement at SINP since its scientists had made significant contributions to the development of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiments at CERN. The long-sought particle, known as Higgs boson, is also partly named after an Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose, who worked with Albert Einstein in the 1920s and made discoveries that led to the most coveted prize in particle physics. Stating that it was a historical moment in physics and SINP took pride in being a part of the history, the Institute director Milan Sanyal said "It will require more data and intense scrutiny to establish these findings beyond any doubt. "This is an important moment for the development of science and I am very happy that our institute, this city and our country is part of the science revolution," he told PTI in Kolkata. He said that the core CMS team of the SINP had five faculty members -- group leader Prof Sunanda Banerjee, Prof Satyaki Bhattacharya, Prof Suchandra Datta, Prof Subir Sarkar and Prof Manoj Saran. The phrase "God particle" is a corruption of Goddamit. Nobel Prize- winning physicist Leon Lederman once dubbed it the goddamn particle, because it has proved so hard to isolate. That name was changed by an editor to the God particle, and the name has stuck on. The name Higgs Boson came from a British scientist Peter Higgs and Bose, who studied at Presidency College, Calcutta, The work done by Bose and Albert Einstein, later added by Higgs, led to this pioneering day. The fact that only the "H" in Higgs boson is capitalized in most cases has been a subject matter of debate among the Indian scientific fraternity.

Sanyal said most of his team members at Geneva had worked for more than a decade with the CMS experiment with notable contributions in the development of the experiment right from the early stage and were actively participating in the analysis of the incoming data. SINP is the oldest institute in the area of nuclear physics in India. He said the SINP had joined in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider facility through a memorandum of understanding with CERN signed in Kolkata during the last visit of the CERN Director-General. Eminent Indian cosmologist Archan Majumder termed the spotting of the sub-atomic particle as a great victory for the human civilisation. "The discovery is revolutionary in human history. This is a great victory of the fundamental knowledge of human civilisation," Majumder, attached with the S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, told PTI in Kolkata. "There has been a strong indication of finding the much-awaited new subatomic particle which, though requiring more and more experiments for confirmation in coming years, will go a long way in unravelling the mystery of the evolution of the universe," he said. The cosmologist said that a large number of Indian scientists, representing the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Harishchandra Research Institute, Allahabad and Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, were involved in the CERN experiment over the years. FILED ON: Jul 04, 2012 18:10 IST ALSO SEE Higgs Boson: DAE's Indore Facility Played Major Role Jul 04, 2012 'God Particle': Elusive Higgs Boson Finally Discovered? Jul 04, 2012 FILED IN: Science & Technology | CERN - Large Hadron Collider etc | Science |Geneva Follow us on Twitter for all updates, like us on Facebook for important and fun stuff Translate into: Powered by Translate Copyright PTI. All rights reserved. Republication or redistribution of any PTI content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without their prior written consent. Kolkata | Geneva | Jul 04, 2012 Tweet PRINT More Sharing Services Share on facebook Share on pinterest_share Share on twitter Share on email COMMENTS RELATED WIRES : DRDO in Process of Developing Robotic Soldiers Jul 05, 2012 Higgs Boson: DAE's Indore Facility Played Major Role Jul 04, 2012 'God Particle': Elusive Higgs Boson Finally Discovered? Jul 04, 2012 ISRO to Build Third Launchpad at Sriharikota Jul 01, 2012 Chinese Astronauts Return After 13-Day Space Odyssey Jun 29, 2012 Khurshid for Videography of Police Stations' Proceedings Jun 26, 2012

Chinese Submersible Sets New Deep Sea Diving Record Jun 24, 2012 Chinese Astronauts Complete First Manual Docking Jun 24, 2012 IndiGO Plane Lands at Airport Using Fuel Saving Tech Jun 23, 2012 India Inks Pacts With 6 Nations For Research Projects Jun 23, 2012 Docs Perform Rare Awake Brain Surgery Successfully Jun 19, 2012 India, Cuba to Co-operate in Oil Exploration: Krishna Jun 15, 2012 Scientists Grow New Vein From Girl's Stem Cells Jun 14, 2012 India, US Step Up Bilateral Ties Jun 14, 2012 3 Indians Among 15 Finalists in Google Science Fair Jun 12, 2012 China to Launch Its First Manned Space Docking Jun 09, 2012 Rare Voyage of Venus Offers Visual Treat to Sky Gazers Jun 06, 2012 'Govt Likely to Frame New Science & Technology Policy' Jun 02, 2012 High-Level Exchange of Visits Look to Fortify Indo-US Ties Jun 01, 2012 Economy Resilient to Withstand Global Pressures: Kalam May 25, 2012 CRISAT-ICAR to Build Climate Resilient Agriculture May 23, 2012

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HAVE YOUR SAY 2/D-31 Jul 05, 2012 05:56 AM The fact that only the "H" in Higg's boson is capitalized in most cases has been a subject matter of debate among the Indian scientific fraternity Our journalists know all! They cannot go beyond speculation and 1/10th baked knowledge. I do not know any scientist who has any issue with H thing, and I am Physicist. Bosons and Fermions are two sets of fundamental particles classified according to their spin occupation states, hence their statistical behavior. Fermions follow FermiDirac statistics and Bosons follow Bose Eisenstein Statistics. Bose did a great work, but it has nothing to do with the Standard Model and prediction of Higg's Boson. The particles just have to follow rules of one of the two statistical descriptions.

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Physics Research in India: A Study of Institutional Performance based on Publications Output S.M. Dhawan, B.M. Gupta Abstract The study examines the broad characteristics of India's physics publications output, its subject areas of strength and also the extent to which country's research pursuits have technological orientation. The study is based on contributions by Indian institutions and scientists as indexed in INPSEC-Physics 1998. The study finds that India's physicsrelated contribution is significantly high (86 per cent) in Science Citation Index (SCI)covered journals, of which 26.4 per cent was in high-impact journals (IF = 1.5). Its contributions in condensed matter physics and materials science are significantly strong and also have technological orientation. The study also shows that there are wide differences in the quantity and quality of publications output across various broad and narrow subject fields under physics. The physics research activity is led by a select number of institutions in the country. Out of 435 institutions participating in physics research, just 20 had accounted for 50 per cent of the total output. The academic sector, being the biggest of all the sectors in terms of participating institutions, made the largest contributions to the physics output, followed by R&D sector, industrial sector, and government sector. However, the share of academic sector in high-impact journals was at second rank; the R&D sector topping the list. R&D sector also exceeds all other sectors in terms of publication output per institution. Full Text: PDF Jul 04, 2012 10:41 PM

That must be OUR OWN secular God then. Diggy would be happy with that. And Congress can claim this as the result of the Secular policies pursued by the Govt. Communists will say their stand is vindicated and Karunanidhi will say that the Aryans can not claim any right over it as Dravidians were the original inhabitants. And our dear Manmohan singh will say whatever our constitution says Muslims have first right over the God Particle. And Chidambaram will be in favour of a constitutional amendements. But my bone of contention is; must it be called God particle, which breeds politics within and between several religious groups? Why not, Satan particle! Cause human experiments with minute particles like atoms, have invented monstrous atom bomb. Shyamal Barua, Kolkata Agree PERMALINK | Agree LIKE (6) | Agree DISLIKE (1) | Agree REPORT ABUSE Order by HAVE YOUR SAY ABOUT US | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIBE | ADVERTISING RATES | COPYRIGHT & DISCLAIMER | COMMENTS POLICY

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God particle: Significant contribution by India's SINP scientists Published: Wednesday, Jul 4, 2012, 17:57 IST Place: Kolkata | Agency: PTI The Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) said in Kolkata on Wednesday that its scientists had made significant contributions to the development of the CMS experiments at Geneva-based CERN. "This led to the observation of the new particle at 125.3 GeV, consistent with a Higgs Boson as predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, announced just now," SINP director Milan Sanyal told PTI in Kolkata. Stating that it was a historical moment in physics and SINP took pride in being a part of the history, he said, "It will require more data and intense scrutiny to establish these findings beyond any doubt. "This is an important moment for the development of science and I am very happy that our institute, this city and our country is part of the science revolution," Sanyal said. He said that the core CMS team of the SINP had five faculty members group leader Prof Sunanda Banerjee, Prof Satyaki Bhattacharya, Prof Suchandra Datta, Prof Subir Sarkar and Prof Manoj Saran. Most of the team members, he said, had worked for more than a decade with the CMS experiment with notable contributions in the development of the experiment right from the early stage and were actively participating in the analysis of the incoming data. He said that the SINP was committed to contribute in all areas of the future development and in participating in the exciting physics programme of the CMS experiment in the years ahead. Sanyal said that the SINP had joined in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider facility through a memorandum of understanding with CERN signed here during the last visit of the CERN Director-General.

"Our institute has significantly expanded its collaborative research activities at CERN since then, particularly in three experimental areas, like ALICE, CMS abnd ISOLDE," he said. SINP is the oldest institute in the area of nuclear physics in India. Tweet

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Related links Astrophotographers create cosmological masterpiece There may be two Higgs bosons, not one Want to be the next Einstein, Newton? Daydream more Super particles running out of hiding places Now, glove that can turn your hand into wireless keyboard A neurosurgeon's account of the afterlife - by a fellow scientist 2013 PTI. All rights reserved. Republication or redistribution of PTI content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent. Top stories on DNAIndia.com Popular content Don't talk about 2G matter outside courtroom: Judge Chopper deal: Now, BJP trains guns on AK Antony, says he is guilty too Married woman gang-raped in Delhi, four arrested Parliament will soon pass bill to prevent sexual harassment at work: PM Unfazed by BJP attack, Markandey Katju calls Arun Jaitley's remarks reckless Police custody of constable trying to access Arun Jaitley's call records extended David Cameron promises same-day visa for Indian investors, no cap on students Will not allow forcible enforcement of bandh by central trade unions: Mamata Banerjee "Meteorite rush" begins as Russian scientists find fragments near Ural Mission in Male not used for holding political meetings: India

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Speak Up Anti-rape ordinance: Was it a hasty decision? Interview Car talk with Managing Director of Shreeram Bajaj View more interviews Blogs The Aadhar Card - What are the real intentions of the UPA ? - Berges Malu View more blogs Opinion DNA EDIT: A wrong precedent DNA Analysis: West at its duplicitous worst in wooing Narendra Modi Debate over taxing diesel cars more is over C.0 About DNA | Contact Us | Advertise with Us | Subscription Renewal | Reprint Rights 2013 Diligent Media Corporation Ltd. Kolkata/Geneva: The discovery of a new sub- atomic particle that is crucial to understanding how the universe is built announced in Geneva on Wednesday has an intrinsic Indian connection. A large number of Indian scientists, representing the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics(SINP), Kolkata, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai,

Harishchandra Research Institute, Allahabad and Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, were involved in the world's most ambitious experiment over the years. The Indian link to the world's ambitious experiment was also significantly reflected in comments ahead of the announcement by CERN scientists that a sub-atomic particle "consistent" with the Higgs boson or 'God particle' has been spotted. "India is like a historic father of the project," said Paolo Giubellino, spokesperson of Geneva-based European Organisation for Nuclear Research, famously known as CERN. As scientists thrashed out the 'God particle' in its physical form in a giant collider, there was palpable excitement at SINP since its scientists had made significant contributions to the development of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiments at CERN. The long-sought particle, known as Higgs boson, is also partly named after an Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose, who worked with Albert Einstein in the 1920s and made discoveries that led to the most coveted prize in particle physics. Stating that it was a historical moment in physics and SINP took pride in being a part of the history, the Institute director Milan Sanyal said "It will require more data and intense scrutiny to establish these findings beyond any doubt. "This is an important moment for the development of science and I am very happy that our institute, this city and our country is part of the science revolution," he told PTI in Kolkata. He said that the core CMS team of the SINP had five faculty members -- group leader Prof Sunanda Banerjee, Prof Satyaki Bhattacharya, Prof Suchandra Datta, Prof Subir Sarkar and Prof Manoj Saran. Related Stories God Particle: DAE`s Indore facility had role to play God Particle: Scientists 99.99% sure of having discovered Higgs boson particle Whats Godly about God Particle? God Particle: `Preliminary but strong results` Has `God Particle` been found? The phrase "God particle" was coined by Nobel Prize- winning physicist Leon Lederman but is used by laymen, not physicists, as an easier way of explaining how the subatomic universe works and got started. The name Higgs boson came from a British scientist Peter Higgs and Bose, who studied at Presidency College, Calcutta, The work done by Bose and Albert Einstein, later added by Higgs, led to this pioneering day. The fact that only the "H" in Higgs boson is capitalized in most cases has been a subject matter of debate among the Indian scientific fraternity.

Sanyal said most of his team members at Geneva had worked for more than a decade with the CMS experiment with notable contributions in the development of the experiment right from the early stage and were actively participating in the analysis of the incoming data. SINP is the oldest institute in the area of nuclear physics in India. He said the SINP had joined in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider facility through a memorandum of understanding with CERN signed in Kolkata during the last visit of the CERN Director-General. Eminent Indian cosmologist Archan Majumder termed the spotting of the sub-atomic particle as a great victory for the human civilisation. "The discovery is revolutionary in human history. This is a great victory of the fundamental knowledge of human civilisation," Majumder, attached with the S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, told PTI in Kolkata. "There has been a strong indication of finding the much-awaited new subatomic particle which, though requiring more and more experiments for confirmation in coming years, will go a long way in unravelling the mystery of the evolution of the universe," he said. The cosmologist said that a large number of Indian scientists, representing the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Harishchandra Research Institute, Allahabad and Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, were involved in the CERN experiment over the years.