Geometric properties

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Geometric properties
Type of property:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cross section area A Centroid C Moment of Inertia I Polar Moment of Inertia J Section Modulus S Radius of Gyration r

Defines:
Axial stress fa and shear stress fv Center of mass (Neutral Axis) Bending stress fb and deflection Torsion stress Max. bending stress fb (S = I/c) Column slenderness r = (I/A)1/2

Todays topics:

Centroid Parallel Axis Theorem

Geometric properties

Centroidal Moment of Inertia, etc. Moment of Inertia of composite sections

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Centroid
Centroid is the center of mass of a body or surface area. Beam centroid is the Neutral Axis of zero bending stress. Centroid also defines distributed load center of mass, etc. 1 Centroid C of freeform body 2 Centroid C of composite cross section (with centroid outside cross section area) Centroid is a point where the moment of all partial areas is zero, i. e., the area is balanced at the centroid. Defining the total area A =da with lever arms x and y from an arbitrary origin to partial areas da with lever arms x and y to that origin, yields: Mx = 0 xA - x da = 0 A = da xda = x da x= x da / da y= y da / da

Geometric properties

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

X=8/2=4

Centroid
Beam centroid example Assume: A1 = 8x2 A2 = 2 x 2 x 6 Y1 = 6 + 1 Y2 = 6/2 Due to symmetry: X = 8/2 A1 = 16 in2 A2 = 24 in2 Y1 = 7 Y2 = 3 X = 4

Y= AY / A = (A1 Y1+A2 Y2) / (A1+A2) Part 1 2 Y = 184 / 40

Geometric properties Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

A (in2) 16 24 40

Y (in) 7 3

A Y (in3) 112 72 184 Y = 4.6

4

1. T-beam centroid
Part 1 2 Y = 148 / 28 A (in2) 8x2 = 16 2x6 = 12 28 Y (in) 7 3 Y = 5.29 A Y (in3) 112 36 148

2. Facade centroid
Part 1 2 Y = 48,000,000/180.000 A (ft2) 200x600 = 120,000 2x100x600/2 = 60,000 180,000 Y = 267 Y (ft) 300 200 A Y (ft3) 36,000,000 12,000,000 48,000,000

3. Plan centroid (eccentricity = seismic torsion )

Part 1 2 X = 13,892 / 284
Geometric properties Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

A (ft2) 2x34 = 68 2x2x(34+20) = 216 284

X (ft) 1 64

A X (ft3) 68 13,824 13,892 X = 48.9

5

Parallel Axis Theorem The Parallel Axis Theorem is used to find the Moment of Inertia for composite sections. 1. Beam for derivation 2. T-beam 3. Box beam Consider the basic Moment of Inertia equation a 2 I = ay a2 Referring to diagram 1 yields: Ix= a(y+y)2 = ay2 + 2ayy + ay2
(a+ b) 2 = a2 + 2 ab + b2 ab

b ab b2 a b

Ix= ay2 + 2yay + ay2 where ay = 0 since the partial moments above and below the centroid axis 0-0 cancel out. Hence: Ix= ay2 + ay2 Since ay2 = Io Ix=(I0+ay2) The Moment of Inertia of composite beams is the sum of moment of inertia of each part + the cross section area of each part times their lever arm to the centroid squared.
Geometric properties Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 6

Parallel Axis Theorem examples T-beam

Part 1 2 A (in2) 12 12 Y (in) 2 2 Ay2 (in4) 48 48 I0 = bd3/12 (in4) 6x23/12 = 4 2x63/12 = 36 Ix= Ix (in4) 52 84 136

Geometric properties

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Parallel Axis Theorem examples T-beam

Part 1 2 A (in2) 12 12 Y (in) 2 2 Ay2 (in4) 48 48 I0 = bd3/12 (in4) 6x23/12 = 4 2x63/12 = 36 Ix= Ix (in4) 52 84 136

Box-beam
(2 MC13x50, A= 2x14.7 = 29.4, I= 2x 314 = 628)
Part 1 2 A (in2) 29.4 20 Y (in) 0 7 Ay2 (in4) 0 980 I0 (in4) 628 2x10x13/12= 2 Ix= Ix (in4) 628 982 1610

AISC Table: MC13x50 channel

(AISC = American Institute of Steel Construction)

I=

Geometric properties

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011

Geometric properties

Copyright Prof Schierle 2011