Table of Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................................... i
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................iii
List of Figures and Tables ................................................................................................... iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY........................................................................ 1
2.0 PHTHALOCYANINES................................................................................................ 7
3.0 PORPHYRINS............................................................................................................. 21
4.0

CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................ 47

REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 49
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................... 51
Features of the Nonlinear Equation of Motion ................................................................ 51

iii

AMPTIAC

List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
Figure 41
Figure 42
Figure 43
Figure 44
Figure 1A
Figure 2A
Figure 3A
Figure 4A
Figure 5A

Five-level model used to explain optical power16............................................................................. 3

Chemical structure of phthalocyanine ............................................................................................... 3
Molecular structure of several phthalocyanine derivatives.............................................................. 4
Chemical structure of porphyrin ........................................................................................................ 4
Chemical structure of tetrabenzoporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin............................................ 5
Nonlinear transmission Data3 ............................................................................................................ 8
Output energy vs. incident energy4 ................................................................................................... 9
Output energy vs. incident energy for a PbPc(CP)4 sample4 .......................................................... 9
PbPc(CP)4 f/5 optical limiter to 20 J incident energy4................................................................10
Transmission of laser pulse energy through PbPc(-PEO)4 (532 nm)5 .......................................11
Energy in vs. transmitted energy for F/5 optical limiter6 ..............................................................12
Nonlinear transmittance response8..................................................................................................13
Nonlinear response (experimental data and fitting curves )...........................................................14
Nanosecond nonlinear transmission of CAP & SINC (filled & open circles) solutions11 .........14
Picosecond single pulse transmittance measurements for CAP in chloroform11 ........................15
Normalized nonlinear transmittance................................................................................................16
Repeatability of optical limiting of CuPc in A solution.................................................................17
Optical limiting of copper phthalocyanine at 694 nm13...............................................................18
Nonlinear transmission of samplesa2 ..............................................................................................19
Optical limiting performance of 3-plate device (circles) vs. homogenious solution....................20
Energy transmission measured as a function of incident intensity17............................................22
Energy transmission measured as a function of incident fluence17..............................................23
Optical power limiting curve for the composite1 ...........................................................................24
Models of f/64 limiter performance19.............................................................................................25
Nonlinear transmission response of Zntptbp and Pdtptbp9............................................................26
Nonlinear absorption laser test of Porphyrins13.............................................................................27
Opticallimiting in C60 TP, and TN13 .............................................................................................28
Optical limiting in several modified porphyrins13.........................................................................29
Optical limiting in PP413.................................................................................................................30
Optical limiting in PP513.................................................................................................................30
Optical limiting in PP613.................................................................................................................31
Optical limiting in PP713.................................................................................................................31
Optical limiting in PP813.................................................................................................................32
Nanosecond single beam transmission measurement25.................................................................33
Single beam transmission experiment using ~ 24 ps pulses at 532 nm.........................................34
Nanosecond single beam measurement...........................................................................................36
Nanosecond single beam measurement...........................................................................................36
Transmissivity versus excitation energy..........................................................................................38
Energy transmittance versus laser incident fluences28 ..................................................................39
Input/output characterization of optical limiter ..............................................................................40
A self-focusing optical limiter based on RSA for28 ......................................................................41
Input versus output fluences of [(R-APPC)M]Cln complexes29 ..................................................43
The structure and linear absorption coefficient of porphyrin chromophores7..............................45
Linear and nonlinear transmission of TTMSAP(H2) at a probe delay of 25 ps7 .........................45
Perturbation of a Circular Motion under the Influence of an External Periodic Force50
Frequency Response of a Linear System.50
Variation of Spring Force vs. Displacement51
Frequency Response Curve for a Hard Nonlinear System...51
Frequency Response Curve for a Soft Nonlinear System52

iv

Third Order Nonlinear Organic Thin Films for Eye and Sensor Protection

State of the Art Report

September 1999
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6

Materials Investigated2.....................................................................................................................18
Additional Porphyrin Materials........................................................................................................28
Cross Sections at 532 nm and Triplet State Lifetime of the MOBP Samples26 .......................35
Absorption Peaks and (3) and values of asymmetric pentaazadentate.....................................39
The photophysical properties for nine [(R-APPS)M]Cln complexes29........................................41
Optical Properties of the Nine [(R-APPS)M]Cln Complexes29 ...................................................44