Improving The Local Planning Process

University of the
Philippines
IMPROVING THE LOCAL

PLANNING PROCESS:
Focus on the
CLUP & CDP
School of Urban and

Regional Planning
December 2005
UP SURP Position Paper on the Improvement of the Local Planning Process
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
List of Tables and Figures ii

Foreword iii
1. Introduction 1
2. Objectives of the Paper 1
3. A Review of the Current Local Planning Process followed in the

Preparation of the CLUP, CDP and the ELA 1
3.1 The HLURB Process 1
3.2 DILG’s Executive-Legislative Agenda 7
4. Critical Issues in the Local Planning Process 10

4.1 The CLUP and CDP Process 10
4.2 Timeframes of CLUP and CDP 14
4.3 Agencies involved in the CDP and CLUP Preparation 15
5. Recommended Definitions of Planning Terms Commonly Used 19

in the CLUP and CDP Preparation 19
5.1 Land Use Planning 19
5.2 Comprehensive Land Use Plan 20
5.3 Comprehensive Development Plan 21
5.4 Zoning 22
5.5 Zoning Ordinance 22
5.6 Local Development Investment Program 23
5.7 Annual Investment Program 23
5.8 Executive-Legislative Agenda
6. Conclusion 24
Bibliography 25
i
U.P. School of Urban and Regional Planning (SURP)
List of Tables
Page Number
Table 1. Components of the Strategic Planning Process 6

Table 2. Basic Steps of Strategic Planning Process in the
Preparation or Revision of CLUP 6
Table 3. Timeframes of CLUP and CDP 14
Table 4. Matrix of the Roles of Various Agencies in Planning
(Outside of Metro Manila) Based on Legal Issuances 18
Table 5. Matrix of the Roles of Various Agencies in Planning
(for Metro Manila) Based on Legal Issuances 18
List of Figures
Page Number
Figure 1. The CLUP Process 3

Figure 2. Preparation of Strategic CLUP 5
Figure 3. The Relationship of the ELA to the other LGU Plans 9
ii
FOREWORD
All cities and municipalities are mandated by law to formulate their respective
comprehensive land use plan, comprehensive multi-sectoral development plan, and
public investment program. These documents are referred to in practice as
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and
Local Development Investment Program (LDIP). The importance of these documents
cannot be overemphasized as they provide guidance and specific courses of action for
the sustainable development of the subject city or municipality.
It was noted that existing guidelines pertaining to the production of the CLUP, CDP and
LDIP contain conflicting provisions that would confuse preparers of these documents. In an
inter-agency meeting on local planning attended by representatives from the
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Housing and Land Use Regulatory
Board (HLURB), National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), Department of
Budget and Management (DBM), the League of Local Planners, University of the
Philippines School of Urban and Regional Planning (UP SURP), and the Local Government
Support Project (LGSP) held on 14 June 2005, it was decided that UP SURP would take the
lead in coming up with a position paper on the local planning process.
This paper presents the output of UP SURP. It outlines a planning process that underlines
the interactive and iterative nature of CLUP and CDP. It also shows their relationships with
the Executive Legislative Agenda (ELA) and the LDIP. Other contents of the paper include
time frames of the various planning documents, recommended definitions of important
planning terms and existing roles played by agencies concerned with local planning. It is
worth mentioning that this position paper represents the unanimous views of the faculty of
UP SURP.
The production of this paper would not have been possible without the hard work and
dedication of many people and institutions. Let me acknowledge the works of the SURP
CLUP-CDP Committee and its core group, chaired by the undersigned, who drafted and
deliberated on the paper to succinctly embody the views of the entire SURP faculty. The
members of the committee are Dr. Zenaida A. Manalo, Prof. Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag and
Prof. Jose Edgardo A. Gomez Jr., who all belong to the core group, as well as Dr. Benjamin
V. Carino, Prof. Ernesto M. Serote, Dr. David Leonides T. Yap and Prof. Rabinder Dickton S.
Rye. Thanks are extended to Ms. Cyd B. Loza-Avendaño and Mr. Leoneil C. Maranan for
providing administrative support and to the LGSP through Ms. Divina Luz Lopez and Mr.
Charlie Singer for facilitating and supporting inter-agency coordination meetings. Special
mention also goes to the DILG, HLURB and NEDA representatives, particularly Assistant
Secretary Austere Panadero, Commissioner Francis L. Dagnalan, and Deputy Director
General Marcelina E. Bacani for their assistance and cooperation in the preparation of this
paper.
Finally, the publication of this paper is handled by the Research and Publications Division
of UP SURP under the directorship of Dr. Zenaida A. Manalo and financially supported by
the UP Planning and Development Research Foundation, Inc.
PRIMITIVO C. CAL
Dean, UP SURP
iii
IMPROVING THE LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS:

FOCUS ON THE CLUP AND THE CDP
1. Introduction
In an Inter-agency meeting on local planning attended by representatives from DILG,

HLURB, NEDA, DBM, the League of Local Planners, UP SURP and the LGSP held
last 14 June 2005, it was decided that UP SURP would take the lead in coming up with
a position paper on the local planning process. This UP SURP position paper will
specifically address the following issues: the relationship between the CLUP and the
CDP and their timeframes; the acceptable definitions of vital planning terms; the
content of the CLUP; and the roles played by agencies concerned with local
development planning.
2. Objectives of the Paper
The objectives of this paper are:
2.1 Present a review of the current local planning process followed in the preparation
of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and the Comprehensive
Development Plan (CDP) as well as a review of the legal mandates that defined
the roles of national and local agencies with respect to the local planning process;
2.2 Array the key definitions given to the planning terms commonly used in the
preparation of the CLUP and the CDP with the intent of reaching a consensus as
to the definitions that can be accepted by all national and local planning agencies
concerned;
2.3 Address critical issues in planning specifically the relationship between the CLUP
and the CDP, the relationship between these plans and the Executive-Legislative
Agenda (ELA) and the time frames for these plans; and
2.4 Generate recommendations on the above for consideration by the Technical

Working Group, composed of the HLURB, DILG, NEDA, DBM, League of
Planners and the LGSP, for the enhancement of local planning.
3. A Review of the Current Local Planning Process followed in the Preparation of

the CLUP, CDP and the ELA
3.1 The HLURB Process
The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) is the government’s
regulatory body responsible for land use and housing and in the land use planning
of local communities (LOI 729 s. 1978, PD 933, EO 648 s. 1981 as amended by
EO 90 s. 1986, PD 1396, RA 7160, EO 72 s. 1993, and RA 7279).
The HLURB’s functions are comprehensive and include:

• Prescribe the standards and guidelines governing the preparation of land use
plans;
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• Extend technical and related forms of planning assistance to the local

government units (LGUs);
• Review and approve the comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) of highly
urbanized cities, independent component cities, provinces and the cities and
municipalities of Metro Manila, which are enacted through zoning ordinances
and stand as the primary and dominant bases for the use of land resources in
the respective localities;
• Monitor the implementation of these plans; and,
• Adjudicate and settle disputes over the same.
3.1.1 The “Old” Ten-Volume Guidelines
In pursuit of its mandate, the HLURB has promulgated updated/revised

planning and zoning guidelines and standards. Entitled “Guidelines for the
Formulation/Revision of A Comprehensive Land Use Plan”, this set of
guidelines comes in ten volumes. Its latest publication series came out in
1998.
This ten-volume publication series is intended to be a ready reference for

planners and other technical and/or administrative personnel who are
involved in the formulation and/or revision of the CLUP as well as the
preparation of training courses for the planner and development staff of
LGUs. As such, the tool is not prescriptive; it encourages flexibility and
innovativeness especially in communities with unique characteristics and
special problems.
This ten-volume guidebook is intended to be used as a reference document

in the preparation of the CLUP as illustrated in the process flow chart in
Figure 1 on the next page. The guidelines suggest a sectoral approach to
planning with the first six volumes dedicated to a detailed discussion on
each of the sectors constituting the CLUP (i.e., I Demography, II Economic
Sector, III Social Sector, IV Infrastructure and Utilities Sector, V Land Use
and Environmental Management, and VI Local Administration).
Presentation and discussion for each sector proceed sequentially as
follows:
• Gathering of data specifying the set of requirements and its

corresponding organization (e.g. tables, maps, charts and graphs) and
analysis;
• Identification of problems and analysis of existing and projected
scenario with attendant procedures/methodologies;
• Formulation of goals (broad and general statements) and objectives
(specific intentions and tangible details) of development, which shall be
in harmony with prescribed national, regional and provincial intentions;
and
• Sectoral plan proposals inclusive of policies, strategies and programs
in pursuit of identified goals and objectives.
2
Figure 1. The CLUP Process
3
Volume VII, Mapping Guidelines, presents the methodology of mapping as

used in land use planning. It focuses on basic instruction for map
preparation and its application in land use planning, including a short
overview of GIS and its usefulness in land use planning.
Volume VIII, Report Writing Guidelines, presents principal elements

generally included in the preparation of a comprehensive land use plan
report. It serves as decision and reference document for local government
and other uses.
Volume IX, Guidelines for Plan Review, Adoption and Approval Process, is
intended to enlighten the local planners and all concerned parties on the
plan review, adoption and approval process. It seeks to ensure a
consistent review process and an expeditious and subsequent approval of
the CLUP and zoning ordinance.
Volume X, Model Zoning Ordinance, presents the revised model of a

zoning ordinance which serves to legally translate the CLUP.
3.1.2 Planning Strategically, the “New” Set of Guidelines
In 2001, the HLURB Board of Commissioners passed Resolution No. 714

approving the guidelines specifically entitled “Planning Strategically:
Guidelines for the Application of the Strategic Planning Process in the
Preparation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Important
Urban Area Issues and Problems”. This “new” set of guidelines came
about in HLURB’s recognition of the following issues:
• the existing ten-volume guidelines, as it is being used for cities and

municipalities, do not adequately cater for the special land use
demands, issues and opportunities faced by the country’s larger and
rapidly expanding cities;
• one of the problems confronting the governance of major urban areas is
the inadequacy of existing HLURB guidelines as they relate to the
challenges of strategic planning and urban management; and,
• another problem that needs to be addressed in the context of good
governance is the absence of guidelines on the conduct of public
consultation.
In addressing these issues and problems which, as mentioned above,

culminated in the passage of Resolution No. 714, HLURB entered into an
activity agreement with the AusAID’s Philippine-Australia Governance
Facility (PAGF), on the project entitled “Guidelines for Strategic Planning in
Urban Areas Project”. The project included the preparation of guidelines to
assist city LGUs in revising/formulating a more responsive CLUP with
respect to strategic planning anchored on genuine community participation
and the enhancement of the planning skills of HLURB staff.
The Strategic Planning Process, Figure 2, is indicated as a 10-step process

addressing the four major components of Vision, Existing Conditions,
Strategy, and Monitoring, and is described in greater detail in Tables 1 and
2.
4
Figure 2. Preparation of Strategic CLUP
5
Table 1. Components of the Strategic Planning Process

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
VISION WHERE DO YOU WANT TO BE IN A PARTICULAR
TIME?
- the preferred future environment
EXISTING WHERE ARE YOU NOW?
CONDITION - the existing/current environment/situation
STRATEGY HOW DO YOU ACHIEVE YOUR VISION?
- policies and actions to achieve the vision based on
analysis of opportunities and constraints and the
analysis of projections and scenarios for the future
MONITORING HOW IS THE STRATEGY PERFORMING HAVING
REGARD TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES?
- monitoring and review
Table 2. Basic Steps of Strategic Planning Process

in the Preparation or Revision of CLUP
Step 1 Getting Organized
This is to be initiated by the planning office (PO) to ensure that
planning activities have the proper administrative, technical and
financial support.
Step 2 Setting the Vision
This enables the community to articulate the kind of future it
prefers.
Step 3 Determining/establishing existing conditions
This step leads to documentation and understanding of existing
conditions prevailing within and adjacent to the planning area.
Step 4 Formulating achievable objectives: essential and discriminatory
This process will identify essential and discriminatory objectives
consistent with the vision formulated in Step 2.
Step 5 Generating options for policies and actions
This stage identifies policies and PPPs.
Step 6 Evaluating options and selecting a preferred strategy
This will identify the preferred strategy or development option
and include justification of the chosen option.
Step 7 Consultation and refining the preferred option
This will refine or identify the preferred strategic option or
develop other strategies that are achievable based on the
documented projections, resource allocation and planning
periods.
Step 8 Implementing the strategy
This will establish a detailed implementation program for the
prioritized PPPs in the adopted CLUP and undertaking
necessary amendments or changes to existing statutory or legal
provisions of the LGU (e.g. LGU Executive Orders, policies,
ordinances, etc.).
Step 9 Monitoring and review
This will evaluate, verify or confirm the extent of actual
implementation; if actions taken are consistent with the policies
of the adopted CLUP; and whether adjustments are needed due
to changing circumstances.
Step Revision of strategy
10 This ensures that the CLUP or a particular strategic plan is
dynamic or remains relevant in a constantly evolving
environment.
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Some Notes in Considering the Strategic Planning Process:
• Planners/users should remember though that the process is flexible and

the “steps” can be interchangeable.
• How, and to what extent, the steps are used will depend on the
complexity of the sector or the theme being examined. The TWG, other
committee, or task force established to undertake or manage the
preparation of the project (i.e. the CLUP, its partial update, or any other
planning issue) is also expected to consider the steps required to
undertake it.
• Steps 2 and 3 (Setting the Vision and Defining Existing Conditions) are
always interchangeable. The order of application will vary from place to
place and applicable circumstances, and even on local preferences or
customs.
• The preparation of forecasts or projections in Step 3 (Defining Existing
Conditions) should reduce the need for too much additional analysis in
Step 5 (Generating Options for Policy and Actions).
How Strategic Planning Helps Make the CLUP More Responsive to Community
Needs:
• Its emphasis on genuine proactive participatory consultation can provide

the level of community ownership and legitimacy that will force apolitical
(bipartisan or multi-party) commitment from the LGUs’ elected members
irrespective of political changes. It is the community’s and stakeholders’
belief (ownership) in the strategically based CLUP that will ensure the
realization of its objectives and projects and demand political and
administrative accountability for its implementation;
• The strategic CLUP also provides the basis for the most rational and
effective use of the nation’s scarcest resource – land;
• Importantly, a good strategic CLUP provide the “planning certainty” that the
community and stakeholders need for confident and predictable decision-
making. A well planned and strongly administered CLUP will limit the worst
excesses of speculation and the Strategic Planning process will enable the
updating or revision of CLUPs without the need for substantial data
gathering. Usefully, the process will also identify LGU data shortages and
other issues. These can in turn become priorities for future resolution;
• The Strategic Planning approach provides for rational horizontal and
vertical integration of the separate sector sub-strategies of the CLUP.
Integration enables a more valid prioritization of programs, projects, and
plans (PPPs) and other identified issues, and hence the more relevant
disbursement of budgets to meet community expectations;
• A strategically prepared CLUP provides a comprehensive overall
development framework to guide the LGU towards the achievement of the
community and stakeholder vision and a better quality of life; and
• The long-term social, environmental and financial costs to the community
will be minimized.
3.2 DILG’s Executive-Legislative Agenda (ELA)
Another development in the field of local planning is the coming about of the
ELA. The following is from the Manual entitled “How to Formulate an Executive
and Legislative Agenda (ELA) for Local Governance and Development”. This
7
was published in 2004 by the Philippines-Canada Local Government Support

Program (LGSP).
The ELA is defined as an integrated plan that is mutually developed and agreed
upon by the Executive and Legislative departments of the LGUs. The document
contains major development thrusts and priorities of both departments for their
3-year term of office consistent with the development vision and mission of the
locality. The ELA is envisioned to be many things. These are summarized
below:
• A planning and budgetary tool which:

- provides a development roadmap for the LGU;
- helps identify results that will contribute to the LGU’s long-term vision;
- identifies priority programs and projects that will help accomplish these
results; and
- organizes and allocates local resources in a rational and results-oriented
manner.
• A transparency and accountability tool which:

- informs the constituents of the LGU’s medium-term development
priorities for which the local chief executive (LCE) and the other elective
officials make themselves accountable; and
- facilitates the consultation process between the LCE and the various
- stakeholders.
• A social mobilization tool which:

- promotes active and quality participation of the community in local
development planning;
- helps rally support from stakeholders; and
- helps unite the broader LGU community.
• A performance management tool which:

- provides a basis for ensuring that LGU plans are implemented and are
producing the desired impact; and
- helps set performance targets to the various departments of the LGU,
thus encouraging greater accountability for results.
• A communication tool which:

- allows elective officials to present and articulate their political agenda
and seek its integration in the ELA;
- creates opportunities for the community to give feedback and voice out
their issues and concerns to the LGU, and the LCE in particular;
- encourages closer interface between the executive and legislative
officials; and
- allows for elected officials to report back their accomplishments and
achievements.
• A convergence tool which:

- encourages collaboration between the executive and legislative
departments; and
- provides avenues for consensus among diverse stakeholders in
pursuing a set of unified actions designed to bring about the desired
changes in the local community.
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The ELA targets the following as its main users: Local Chief Executives,
Sanggunian members, the Local Development Council, LGU personnel and
local planning professionals. The principal uses of the ELA are as follows: to
lead the Executive and Legislative branches towards a unified vision, mission,
goals and objectives; to enable the Executive and Legislative branches to agree
to priority problems and issues; to help the LGU focus on a set of interventions
towards the attainment of a common set of goals and objectives; to increase the
chances for implementation of priority programs of the Executive department if
the Legislative branch formulates ordinances in support of the LCE program of
government; and to speed up the implementation of priority projects.
With respect to the relationship of the ELA to the other LGU plans, the manual
asserts that the ELA does not replace or supplant the existing plans of the LGU.
But rather, it builds on the existing plans which LGUs are mandated to prepare.
The ELA is considered as an implementing instrument of the Comprehensive
Development Plan. Figure 3 shows the relationship of the ELA to the CLUP,
the CDP, the Barangay Development Plans and other sectoral plans, the zoning
plan and ordinance.
Long-Term Comprehensive
Framework Land Use Plan
Zoning Plan/
Plan Ordinance
Medium-Term Barangay Development

Comprehensive
Development Plans and Other Sectoral
Development
Plans
Plan Plan
Implementation
EXECUTIVE-
Instruments LEGISLATIVE AGENDA (ELA)
Local Development
Regulatory Measures
Investment Program
Annual Investment
Plan
Figure 3. The Relationship of the ELA to the Other LGU Plans
The ELA process is a cyclical process made up of three (3) stages, namely, the
ELA preparation, the ELA implementation and the ELA performance
management. In the ELA preparation, the vision, mission, goals, priority
programs and projects, capacities needed and the supporting policy and
legislative measures are set in consultation with the various stakeholders. In the
ELA implementation, the priority programs and projects are carried out while in
the ELA performance management, a two-way feedback mechanism is
established which involves the Local Chief Executive reporting back the ELA to
the community, and the community giving back feedback to the LGUs on a
regular basis. The ELA process is described to be practical, needs-based,
action-oriented and participatory resulting in broad-based support from critical
stakeholders.
In carrying out the ELA process, the following steps are suggested: planning to
plan; prioritizing issues; consulting with stakeholders; defining/revisiting the
LGU vision and mission; formulating goals and objectives; prioritizing programs,
projects and capacity development needs; determining legislative requirements;
9
building commitment; securing endorsement and approval; moving the ELA to

action; popularizing the ELA; managing and sustaining ELA implementation.
4. Critical Issues in the Local Planning Process
4.1 The CLUP and CDP Process
The recommended CLUP and CDP interactive and iterative planning process is
depicted in Figure 4. It may be noted that the preparation of CLUP and the CDP is
basically divided into two parts. The first part, which is common to both plan
preparation, is aimed at coming out with a preferred spatial strategy that serves as
the backbone for both plans. The second part takes off from the first part and
adopts a process that is specific to each plan. The broad steps are described
below.
Data Collection
and Analysis
Formulation of Vision,
Overall Development Preparation of
Goals and Objectives Short-Term CDP
Sectoral
Forecasting
Short-Term CDP
(3 years)
Formulation of • Sectoral Goals
Alternative Spatial and Objectives
Strategies • Strategies
• Policies,
Testing and Programs, &
Evaluation Projects
Preferred Spatial
Strategy
CLUP Preparation Conduct of Detailed

and Detailing Sectoral Studies
CLUP Long-Term CDP

(15 years) (15 years)
Operational
Zoning Interpolation
Ordinance Other Tools
between Short- and
Long-Term CDPs
Medium-Term
CDP (6 years)
ELA
Other Thrusts (3 YEARS)
and Priorities
Figure 4. CITY/MUNICIPALITY CLUP AND CDP PROCESS
10
4.1.1 Formulation of Alternative Spatial Strategies and Selection of the

Preferred Spatial Strategy
The formulation of Alternative Spatial Strategies and Selection of the

Preferred Spatial Strategy are vital stages in the local development
planning process and are concerned specifically with the physical aspects
of planning. In determining the preferred spatial strategy, it is important to
remember that the supply of scarce land and other physical resources and
their existing uses as well as the demand for land to accommodate
prospective uses in pursuance of the city’s vision should be carefully
considered.
As shown in Figure 4, data collection and analysis is first carried out. Also
referred to as Situational Analysis, it aims to obtain all relevant information
needed to gain a better understanding of the study area. The output of the
Situational Analysis is called Socio-Economic-Physical Profile or, the more
recent term, Ecological Profile.
With the Ecological Profile as the background, all the stakeholders in the
City/Municipality proceed to formulate the Vision, the Overall Development
Goals and Objectives. The Vision embodies where the City/Municipality
wants to be in the future. Overall Development Goals and Objectives are
the general and specific direction and quality of development desired by a
community and its population.
The Ecological Profile containing both sectoral and physical data, together
with the multi-stakeholder-generated Vision, Overall Development Goals
and Objectives, provide the preliminary basis for forecasting the future
situation. These in turn become inputs to the formulation of Alternative
Spatial Strategies. In this stage of the process and in the subsequent
testing and evaluation of such strategies, the results of the detailed sectoral
studies particularly the physical requirements of the proposed programs
and projects of the various sectors as well as the indicative financial
implications of such become main considerations in deciding on the
preferred spatial strategy. Needless to say, the consultative process is
observed to the fullest with participation from the POs, NGOs and the
private sector with the LGU as main facilitator inasmuch as the resulting
physical configuration of the City/Municipality and the future use of its land
and physical resources have tremendous implications on both the present
and future generations.
4.1.2 CLUP Preparation and Detailing
Using the preferred spatial strategy as the backbone, a CLUP will be

prepared and detailed. More details will be added into each land use
classification. Land use policies will be developed in support of the chosen
spatial strategy. This step is done in close coordination with the CDP
preparation especially in providing spatial dimensions to each of the
sectors. In the same manner, results of detailed sectoral studies that have
physical implications are fed into the CLUP preparation.
Like the spatial strategy, the CLUP is developed for a 15-year planning
period. This document will be the basis for the formulation of the zoning
ordinance, which is a local legal measure which embodies regulations
11
affecting land use. Other tools implementing the CLUP will also be
formulated such as the Investment Incentives Code, the Environmental
Code, Traffic and Transportation Code, Health and Sanitation Code and,
Gender and Development Code to name a few.
4.1.3 CDP Preparation
As previously defined, the CDP is “a document embodying the vision,

sectoral goals and objectives, strategies, policies, short-medium-long term
programs and projects for the growth and development of the
city/municipality”. The plan is a complete document that includes even
projects of the national government. It is proposed that three (3) CDPs will
be prepared, one each for three planning periods, namely short-term,
medium-term, and long-term. This may not necessarily mean 3 separate
documents but one CDP divided into 3 timeframes.
The short-term CDP could be developed immediately after data collection

and analysis and would provide immediate solutions to identified problems,
while ensuring consistency with the overall vision, goals and objectives that
have been set. A number of programs and projects in the short-term CDP
are those already committed and in the pipeline.
Detailed sectoral studies will be carried out in producing the long-term CDP
(15-year plan). For some sectors, this could entail the formulation of
options, use of mathematical models for option testing, and full evaluation
of each option. This step of the process will still be guided by the overall
vision and sectoral goals and objectives.
The medium-term CDP is derived by operational interpolation between the

long-term and short-term CDP’s. Operational interpolation means arriving
at the 6-year plan through programming of intervention between the two
periods. The production of the medium-term would not anymore entail full
evaluation as such has already been done for the long-term planning
horizon. To ensure consistency with the CLUP, the time period for the
long-term CDP is also 15 years.
4.1.4 The ELA
The ELA, as described in Section 3.2 of this paper, is adopted with a slight
modification on the relationship between the CLUP and the CDP. It is
proposed that the relationships depicted in Figure 4 should be adopted.
Basically, the ELA should contain the short-term CDP plus the legislative
measures proposed by the City/Municipal Council in order to provide all the
needed support (technical, financial, institutional, etc) to the programs and
projects programmed for the 3-year timeframe.
At best and if formulated properly, the ELA can be a good governance tool
inasmuch as it can effectively measure the performance of local
executives. It will be an agenda that local elective officials can commit to
within their 3-year term of office and for which they can be held
accountable for by their local constituents. The ELA as a “score card” can
definitely be a good basis for a well informed and intelligent choice by the
voters in the local community during the succeeding elections. This will
12
guarantee that only the most qualified, dedicated and development-

oriented candidates are elected to office.
4.1.5 Updating of Plans
Plans are updated periodically to take into account changing

circumstances, such as funding surpluses or shortages. Plans are seldom
implemented to the letter. It is possible that some plan components that are
under the jurisdiction of other agencies are not approved or are delayed in
implementation. Moreover, national agencies and the provincial
government might have initiated projects that had not been originally
anticipated. Updating puts the plans back on track or takes into account
new developments.
The frequency of updates is not the same for all plans. The shorter the
term of the plans, the more frequent the plans are to be updated.
a. The CLUP
It is suggested that the CLUP is updated only once to be done during

the formulation of second medium-term CDP. At the end of the term of
the second medium-term CDP or a total of 12 years from the start, a
new round of full blown CLUP-CDP study should be initiated. The LGU
has three years to undertake this study. One of the products of such a
study is, of course, a new CLUP.
b. The CDPs and ELA
The short-term CDP and the ELA should be updated annually, i.e. twice
during their term. The term remains the same and not rolled. For
example, a 2004-2007 CDP becomes a 2005-2007 CDP and not 2005-
2008 CDP. This is also true for the ELA. At the end of their term, new
short-term CDP and ELA are prepared based on the medium-term and
long-term CDPs.
The medium-term CDP is updated only once to be done during the

formulation of the second short-term CDP. As in the short-term CDP,
the updated medium-term CDP will have the same term and not rolled.
A new medium-term CDP is prepared after the expiration of the first
medium-term CDP.
As for the long-term CDP, it is updated at the same that the CLUP is
being updated. This will ensure that both documents remain consistent
with each other.
4.1.6 Reports
The first round of CLUP and CDP preparation is best presented in one
document, albeit with more than volume, to properly reflect the interactive
process that has been employed. The first volume may contain the
Ecological Profile of the study area, the second volume the CDP and the
third volume the CLUP.
The one and only update of the CLUP and CDP (after 6 years) may also be
reported under one document. However, updates of the short-term CDP,
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ELA and medium-term CDP may be presented as separate documents,

although with appropriate references to the CLUP and long-term CDP.
4.2 Timeframes of CLUP and CDP
Table 3 below provides the recommended timeframes for the CLUP and the CDP.
Table 3. Timeframes of CLUP and CDP
Plan Timeframe Rationale

CLUP 15 years It is presumed that the physical
landscape will not be drastically
altered within the next 15 years
unless devastated with severe
natural calamities such as
earthquakes, massive
landslides, tsunamis and other
natural calamities.
Population growth is projected

to be below 2.0 percent for the
next 10-15 years. With
declining population growth,
pressure on the land as
measured by the man/land ratio
is expected to decrease as well,
causing a greater stability in the
use of land.
The proposed updating of the

plan after six years will take into
account rapid changes as may
occur in large urban areas.
CDP Short-term : 3 years The timeframes of the CDP are

Medium-term: 6 years made to coincide with the
Long-term : 15 years terms of office of local officials
to be able to pinpoint
responsibilities for specific local
development initiatives as well
as establish accountability;
There are programs/projects

particularly large infrastructure
ones that have longer
implementation periods, and will
thus spillover beyond the short-
or even the medium-term.
Having a term longer than 15

years is impractical because we
cannot really predict with some
accuracy what will happen
beyond 15 years.
14
4.3 Agencies involved in the CDP and CLUP Preparation
There are various levels of planning in the Philippines. At the national level, the
country has long-range planning, the medium-term planning and sectoral planning.
The highest level of planning agency is the National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA). The plan formulation process starts when the national
government mandates the NEDA Board to prepare a set of guidelines for the
preparation of plans at the various levels. Other agencies provide inputs in terms
of sectoral development goals, objectives, targets, policies and strategies as well
as programs and projects.
Regional planning replicates the planning objectives at the national level. The
Regional Development Council (RDC) serves as the counterpart of the NEDA
Board at the regional level. It is composed of representatives from the local
government units, the regional line agencies and the private sector. Its functions
include the coordination, review and prioritization of socio-economic development
plans, policies and investment programs and their implementation. Apart from the
Executive Committee which acts for and in behalf of the Council when it is not in
session, Sectoral Committees are put in place to handle social, economic and
infrastructure development and development administration matters. It also has an
Advisory Committee that advises, assists and supports the Council in discharging
its functions.
At the Provincial and Municipal level, the Local Development Council (LDC) is the
planning body of the local government units, as mandated by the Local
Government Code.
The legal mandates of various agencies in relation to the formulation, approval and
monitoring of CLUP and CDP are given below.
4.3.1 Formulation
The formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plans and

Comprehensive Development Plans falls under the mandate of Republic
Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code.
The Code mandates that each local government unit (LGU) shall have a
comprehensive multi-sectoral development plan to be initiated by its
development council (the local executive body) and approved by its
sanggunian (the local legislative body). Land use plans are to be prepared
through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant basis
for the future use of land resources. The municipal mayor is to direct the
formulation of the municipal development plan, with the assistance of the
municipal development council, and upon approval thereof by the
sangguniang bayan (municipal legislative body), implement the same.
Section 106, Title 6 of the Local Government Code (LGC) stipulates that
each local government unit shall have a comprehensive multi-sectoral
development plan to be initiated by its development council and approved
by its Sanggunian. For this purpose, the development council of the
province at the provincial, city, municipal, or Barangay level shall assist the
corresponding Sanggunian in setting the direction of economic and social
development, and coordinating development efforts within its territorial
jurisdiction.
15
The functions of the MDC/CDC include the review of the proposed

development programs and projects that will form part of the LDIP and
subsequent AIP, the formulation of long term, medium term and annual
socio-economic development plans and policies, formulation of local
investment incentives, the integration, prioritization and implementation of
plans and programs.
The local planning and development office headed by the MPDC/CPDC

serves as the technical arm of the MDC/CDC. It performs the tasks relating
to planning research, training, budgeting and implementation of
development programs, projects and activities in the LGU in accordance
with the approved development Plan.
The Local Government Code (LGC) has already established provisions and
guidelines for LGUs to be guided in project identification, project
prioritization, project fund-determination, project fund-sourcing, and project
fund allocation.
In the event of the shortage of funds LGUs can guide private investment
through incentives such as tax breaks after it has properly determined its
priority programs and projects.
The Local Planning and Development Office is tasked to screen and match,
compile and compare projects for extra-local agencies and organizations to
identify complementary projects so that such projects can be jointly
conducted and implemented.
The Local Finance Committee (LFC) in close coordination with the Local
(municipal) Development Council (MDC) are tasked to determine and
project fund available for these projects as determined by analysis of
appropriate revenue data from real property taxes, business fees and
licenses, other taxes, service operations income, Internal Revenue
Allotment, with due consideration of what are recurring and what are not. If
it has been determined that the actual funds available do not match the
programs and projects for implementation the LGU can choose to improve
fiscal management, incur public debt of credit financing, or both.
4.3.2 Evaluation/Approval
Presidential Decree 933 and Executive Order 648, S. of 1981, as

amended by EO 90, S. of 1986 – empower the Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board (HLURB) to review, evaluate, and approve or disapprove
land use plans of cities and municipalities.
Executive Order No. 72 of 1993 – delineates the power and responsibilities

of the LGUs and the HLURB in the preparation and implementation of
comprehensive land use plans under a decentralized framework of local
governance viz:
Section 1 – Plan formulation or updating – (a) Cities and municipalities

shall continue to formulate or update their respective comprehensive
land use plans, in conformity with the land use planning and zoning
standards and guidelines prescribed to the HLURB pursuant to
national policies.
16
Section 2 – Plan review and approval – (a) pursuant to section 468 (a-
2-vii) of the LGC, the powers of the HLURB to review and approve the
implementation of the comprehensive land use plans of the component
cities and municipalities are hereby devolved to the province. Such
powers shall be exercised by the sangguniang panlalawigan, subject
to national standards and guidelines.
Section 3 – Plan Implementation – (a) the authority of the HLURB to

issue location clearances for locally-significant projects is hereby
devolved to cities and municipalities with comprehensive land use
plans reviewed and approved in accordance with this Order. Such
cities and municipalities shall likewise be responsible for the institution
of other actions in the enforcement of the provisions thereof. For this
purpose, they may call on the HLURB and such other NGA’s for any
legal and technical assistance.
The HLURB’s functions are comprehensive and include:
• Prescribe the standards and guidelines governing the preparation of

land use plans;
• Extend technical and related forms of planning assistance to the local
government units (LGUs);
• Review and approve the comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) of highly
urbanized cities, independent component cities, provinces and the cities
and municipalities of Metro Manila (which are enacted through zoning
ordinances and stand as the primary and dominant bases for the use of
land resources in the respective localities);
• Monitor the implementation of these plans; and
• Adjudicate and settle disputes over the same.
4.3.3 Monitoring
DILG Memorandum Circular No. 92-41 dated July 6, 1992 mandates the
local government units to prepare, as a minimum requirement, annual
investment programs.
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), requires each

local government unit (LGU) to identify projects and programs to address
the needs of the different sectors. These projects are included in the
LGUs’ Comprehensive Development Plan. DILG acts as the monitoring
body on how each LGU manages their own municipalities.
4.3.4 Summary
The mandates of various agencies in each stage of the CLUP/CDP

process are summarized in Table 4. Several national agencies play
institutional roles in terms of a national land use classification and
allocation system adopted by the inter-agency National Land Use
Committee (NLUC). The land use committees at various levels – national,
regional and provincial are now using these land use planning categories
with their corresponding national sectoral agencies.
17
Table 4. Matrix of the Roles of Various Agencies in Planning (Outside

of Metro Manila) Based on Legal Issuances
AGENCIES
1 NEDA &
City/Mun Province HLURB DILG
Other NGAs
CLUP
I Formulation *** * ** * *
II Review/Approval *** *** **/*
III Monitoring *** ***
CDP
I Formulation *** * * ** *
II Review/Approval *** * *** *
III Monitoring *** * *** *
1
Legend: *** Principal Role Applies to municipalities and component cities
** Major Supporting Role
* Supporting Role
The activities and agencies involved for cities/municipalities located in

Metro Manila are depicted in Table 5. These are based on the Guidelines
for the Formulation/Revision of Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Series of
1996 issued by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB).
Table 5. Matrix of the Roles of Various Agencies

in Planning (for Metro Manila) Based on Legal Issuances
Activities Agencies/Groups Involved
Public Exhibition/ LGU
Information Dissemination Civic Groups
Formation of Hearing Board City Mayors as Chairman
City Urban Planning and Development Coordinator
HLURB Technical Representative
Sangguniang Panglungsod Representative
Local Sector Experts
Public Hearing General Public
Representatives from private sector consisting of
business (such as private investors and
developers) and Professional Organizations
Representatives from Civil Society consisting of
NGO, PO, Environmental Organization, Women’s
Group, Labor, Academe and Church
Representatives from Local Government:
Members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod,
Members of the City Development Council,
Congressmen, Key City Officials
Representatives from the National Agency
Review of CLUP/ZO Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
Concerned Agencies on Traffic (DOTC), flooding
(DPWH), solid waste disposal (DOH & MMDA),
informal settlements (NHA & HUDCC)
Metro Manila Council
Approval of CLUP/ZO Sangguniang Panglungsod
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
18
5. Recommended Definitions of Planning Terms Commonly Used in the CLUP and

CDP Preparation
The following arrays the various definitions for each planning term as taken from a
number of references. In this section, the UP SURP position paper puts forward a
recommended definition for each term.
5.1 Land Use Planning
5.1.1 The act of defining the allocation, utilization, development and

management of all lands within a given territory or jurisdiction according to
the inherent qualities of the land itself and supportive of sustainable,
economic, demographic, socio-cultural and environmental objectives as an
aid to decision-making and legislation (1997 RA 8435 in Endriga, Dolores,
et.al. The Language of Environmental Planning in the Philippines, QC: UP-
SURP, UP-PLANADES, 2004, p.126; 2004 DILG Local Legislators’ Toolkit,
p.241).
5.1.2 A political act of crafting public policy whereby the state regulates the
acquisition, ownership, use and disposition of property to promote the
common good or general welfare (1987 Philippine Constitution in Endriga,
et.al, p. 126; 1997 DENR Guidebook on the Preparation of a Sustainable
Land Use Plan in Endriga, et.al, 2004, p.126).
5.1.3 The rational and judicious development, utilization of land resources in a

sustainable manner (1997 HLURB Guidelines for the Formulation/Revision
of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan: Land Use, Vol V in Endriga, et.al.,
2004, p.126).
5.1.4 The long-term guide for the management of local territories. (Serote,
Ernesto M. Property, Patrimony & Territory: Foundations of Land Use
Planning in the Philippines. QC: UP-SURP & UP-PLANADES, 2004).
Recommended Definition: (Note: Approved by the Inter-Agency Technical

Working Group on Improving the Local Planning Process on 14 November 2005)
Land Use Planning - The act of defining the allocation, utilization,
development and management of all lands within a given territory or
jurisdiction according to the inherent qualities of the land itself and
supportive of sustainable, economic, demographic, socio-cultural and
environmental objectives as an aid to decision-making and legislation
(1997 RA 8435 in Endriga, Dolores, et.al. The Language of Environmental
Planning in the Philippines, QC: UP-SURP, UP-PLANADES, 2004, p.126;
2004 DILG Local Legislators’ Toolkit, p.241).
5.2 Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
5.2.1 A document embodying specific proposals for guiding and regulating

growth and/or development. The main components of the CLUP in this
usage are the sectoral studies, i.e., Demography, Socio-Economic,
Infrastructure and Utilities, Local Administration and Land (1997 HLURB
Guidelines for the Formulation/Revision of a Comprehensive Land Use
Plan: Model Zoning Ordinance, Vol X, in Endriga, et.al.,2004, p.126).
5.2.2 A long-term (10-30 years) guide for the development of the local area.
Guides the formulation of programs and projects of local officials to ensure
19
continuity, rationality and stability in local development efforts down through

the generations. It contains policies on settlements, protected areas,
production areas and infrastructure (DILG, How to Formulate an Executive
and Legislative Agenda for Local Governance and Development, 2004,
p.9).
5.2.3 A translation into spatial dimensions and allocation of the various sectoral
land requirements of the socio-economic development plan (Serote, 2004,
p. 347).
5.2.4 A policy guide for the regulation of land uses throughout the LGU’s
territorial jurisdiction and as such covers 4 land use policy areas: Protected
areas; Settlement areas; Infrastructure areas; and Production areas
(Serote, 2004, p. 347).
5.2.5 A plan which includes a land use map, the factors indicating the socially
desired mix of land uses and a set of policies to guide future development
(Joint DAR, DA, DILG and HLURB Memorandum Circular Prescribing
Guidelines to Implement MC 54).

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP– A document embodying specific
proposals for guiding and regulating growth and/or development. It is also a
translation into spatial dimensions and allocation of the various sectoral
land requirements and includes a land use map, the factors indicating the
socially desired mix of land uses and a set of policies to guide future
development.(UP School of Urban and Regional Planning).
5.3 Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
5.3.1 A medium– to short-term action plan to implement projects identified in the

Sustainable Land Use Plan (SLUP) and other programs and projects
designed to realize the objectives of the SLUP. As a comprehensive plan, it
covers such sectors as social, economic, physical, environmental and
institutional (1997 DENR Guidebook on the Preparation of a Sustainable
Land Use Plan in Endriga, et.al, 2004, p. 40).
5.3.2 A written document that identifies the vision, goals, objectives, principles,
guidelines, policies, standards and strategies for the growth and
development of the community (Universal Glossary of Land Use Terms and
Phrases in the 1998 Land use Law Center Pace University of Law.
5.3.3 A document embodying specific proposals for guiding, regulating growth

and/or development. Its main components are the sector plans, such as the
socio-economic, infrastructure, local administration and land use plan (Joint
DAR, DA, DILG and HLURB Memorandum Circular Prescribing Guidelines
to Implement MC 54).
5.3.4 An action plan and an implementing instrument of the CLUP. Its time frame
should only cover the tenure of local officials (3 yrs.) so that it can serve as
their program of government (Serote, 2004, p. 156).
5.3.5 A medium-term (5-10 years) plan of action for implementing the CLUP. It
provides an overview of key aspirations, concerns and challenges to LGU
20
development It contains plans and programs on social, economic,

institutional, physical and infrastructure development; environmental
management, and administration and financial development (DILG, How to
Formulate an Executive and Legislative Agenda for Local Governance and
Development, 2004, p.9).
5.3.6 The document/s including maps, charts and other materials embodying
goals and objectives, policy guidelines strategies and proposals for over-all
socio-economic growth and development of the area. It has also been
defined as an integrated series of decision documents, including maps
specifying the nature of future physical, social, economic and
environmental development of the Urban Zone as outlined in the Concept
Plan, consisting of, among others, a land use plan, including area phasing,
sectoral programs, land acquisition and disposition programs and capital
improvement programs. (Endriga, Elum, Yap, and Alcalde, The Laguage of
Environmental Planning in the Philippines School of Urban and Regional
Planning, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, 2004,p.55)

Comprehensive Development Plan – A document embodying the vision,
sectoral goals and objectives, strategies, policies, short-medium-long term
programs and projects for the growth and development of the
city/municipality (UP School of Urban and Regional Planning).
5.4 Zoning
5.4.1 The legislative act of delineating areas or districts within the territorial
jurisdictions of cities and municipalities that may be put to specific uses and
their regulation, subject to the limitations imposed by law or competent
authority (l997 DENR Guidebooks on Sustainable Land Use Planning and
Management-Institutional Development Concepts on Land Use Planning
and Management, Vol V in Endriga, et.al, 2004, p.238).
5.4.2 The delineation or division of a Municipality into a functional zone where

only specific land uses are allowed. It directs and regulates the use of all in
the community in accordance with an approved and 0adopted land use
plan for the municipality. It regulates land uses and prescribes limitations
on structures and infrastructures thereon (DILG Local Legislators’ Toolkit,
2004, p. 242).
5.4.3 The division of a community into zones or districts according to the present
and potential uses of land to maximize, regulate and
direct their use and development in accordance with the comprehensive
land use plan of the community (HLURB Guidelines for the
Formulation/Revision of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Volume 10).

Zoning - The division of a city/municipality into zones or districts according
to the present and potential uses of land to maximize, regulate and
direct their use and development in accordance with the comprehensive
land use plan of the city/municipality (HLURB Guidelines for the
21
5.5 Zoning Ordinance
5.5.1 An ordinance or local legal measure which embodies regulations affecting

land use (HSRC, Model Zoning Ordinance, 1983, p.4; Endriga, et.al,
2004,p.239).
5.5.2 The principal and legal instrument for enforcing the locational policies and
performance standards of the CLUP (Serote, 2004, p.154).
5.5.3 An ordinance which classifies, delineates, defines and designates different

land uses in the municipality, requiring fees and imposing penalties (DILG,
Local Legislators’ Toolkit, 2004, p. 242).
5.5.4 A local legal measure which embodies regulations affecting land use.
The preparation of a zoning ordinance is based on the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan and is enacted by the Local Sangguniang through a
resolution. Such ordinance shall be presented in its full context, as a
separate document (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Guidelines
for the Formulation/Revision of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan: Model
Zoning Ordinance, Vol X. Quezon City : HLURB, 1997).
5.5.5 A law by local or regional authority (government) that sets parameters for
the uses of a property. (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Model
Zoning Ordinance, Vol. X, 4th Revised Edition, 1996).
5.5.6 Refers to a local legislation approving the development/land use plan and
providing for the regulations and other conditions on the uses of land
including the limitation on the infrastructure that may be placed within the
territorial jurisdiction of a city or municipality. (Department of Agriculture,
Administration Order 6 (1998) Implementing Rules and Regulations
Pursuant to Republic Act 8435 (AFMA, 1997)
5.5.7 Defines the different land use districts of the city or municipality, the
boundary description of the various zoning districts and the allowable or
permitted uses per zoning district. (HLURB Guidelines for the
Formulation/Revision of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Volume 5)

Zoning Ordinance - An ordinance or local legal measure which embodies
regulations affecting land use (HSRC, Model Zoning Ordinance, 1983, p.4;
Endriga, et.al, 2004,p.239).
5.6 Local Development Investment Program (LDIP)
5.6.1 A document that translates the Comprehensive Development Plan into

programs and projects and selects those that will be picked up by the
municipal government for funding in the annual general fund budget or
through special fund generation schemes (Guidebook on the Preparation of
a Sustainable Land Use Plan in Endriga, et.al., 2004, p. 133).
5.6.2 A document that contains the identified programs and projects that will
have a long-term impact on the physical character of the city or municipality
(Philippines. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Guidelines for the
22
Formulation/Revision of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan: Local

Administration, Vol. VI in Endriga, et.al., 2004, p. 133).
5.6.3 A prioritized list of programs and projects requisite in the achievement of

the local government unit’s development objectives (Philippines. Housing
and Land Use Regulatory Board. Guidelines for the Formulation/Revision
of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan: A Report Writing, Vol. VIII in Endriga,
et.al., 2003, p.133).
5.6.4 An implementing tool of the comprehensive land use plan. It is a translation
of the priority projects as indicated in the CLUP (HLURB Guidelines for the
5.6.5 A compendium of the capital investment proposals of all government

agencies operating in the municipality (The Ministry of Human Settlements,
“Town Planning Under the Inter-Agency Local Planning Assistance
Program”, Philippine Planning Journal Vol XVI, No. 2, April 1985)

Local Development Investment Program – A 3-year document that
translates the Comprehensive Development Plan into programs and
projects that will be implemented by the city/municipal government for
funding (U.P. School of Urban & Regional Planning).
5.7 Annual Investment Program (AIP)
5.7.1 The annual component of plans and programs (Serote, 2004, p.164).
5.7.2 An integral part of the annual local government planning and budgeting
process. Basically, it is a tool by which a local government unit annually
manages and financially supports its 3-10 year sectoral plan and its LDIP
(DILG, NEDA, Leagues of Provinces, Municipalities and Cities, and Liga ng
mga Barangay, Guidebook No. 3 for Annual Investment Programming,
1994, p.7).

Annual Investment Program – The current year’s component of the LDIP
(UP School of Urban and Regional Planning).
5.8 Executive Legislative Agenda (ELA)
5.8.1 An integrated plan that is mutually developed and agreed upon by the
Executive and Legislative departments of the LGUs. The document
contains major development thrusts and priorities of both departments for
their 3-year term of office consistent with the development vision and
mission of the locality (2004 Philippines-Canada Local Government
Support Program Manual on How to Formulate an Executive and
Legislative Agenda (ELA) for Local Governance and Development).

Executive Legislative Agenda (ELA) - An integrated plan that is mutually
developed and agreed upon by the Executive and Legislative departments
of the LGUs. The document contains major development thrusts and
23
priorities of both departments for their 3-year term of office consistent with
the development vision and mission of the locality (2004 Philippines-
Canada Local Government Support Program Manual on How to Formulate
an Executive and Legislative Agenda (ELA) for Local Governance and
Development).
6. Conclusion
The paper is proposing an interactive and iterative CLUP-CDP process that integrates
the preparation of CLUP and CDP1. This process has been adopted for technical and
practical reasons. The CLUP is derived taking into account the supply of and demand
for land and other physical resources. It is mainly for this reason that the preparation
of the CLUP and the CDP should be done at the same time with the CDP providing the
sectoral demand for such resources. Likewise, the updating of the two plans should
also be properly synchronized. Moreover, majority of the data used are common to
both plans, so it is economical to undertake the preparation of both plans
simultaneously. The process, however, produces the CLUP and the CDP as separate
volumes under one document, considering that approval and monitoring of these
documents lie with different agencies. In particular, the CLUP is covered by the
regulatory function of the HLURB whereas the CDP is basically within the domain of
the LGU’s, with the DILG providing technical assistance.
The key points of this paper may be summarized as follows:
- The CLUP and CDP are separate plans but they are the products of one
integrated process.
- The HLURB has regulatory functions over the CLUP, as well as extends technical
assistance in its preparation.
- The DILG provides technical assistance to the LGU’s in the preparation of both the
CLUP and the CDP.
- The CDP includes programs and projects of national line agencies therefore its
preparation should be coordinated with these agencies; this could be done
through membership of these agencies in the LDC concerned and/or through the
NEDA.
1
Approved by the Inter-Agency Technical Working Group on Improving the Local Planning Process
on 14 November 2005.
24
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Plan, vol. 5, Land Use. Cited by Endriga, Dolores; Pulumbarit-Elum, LM.; Yap,
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Plan, Vol. VI, Local Administration. Cited by Endriga, Dolores; Pulumbarit-Elum,
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SURP and UP-PLANADES, 2004.
Endriga, Dolores; Pulumbarit-Elum, LM.; Yap, H.L.; and Alcalde, D.R. The Language of
Environmental Planning in the Philippines. Quezon City: UP-SURP and UP-
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26
Legal Issuances
Department of Agriculture, Administrative Order 6 - Implementing Rules and Regulations

of RA 8435. (1998)
Republic Act 8435 – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act. (1997)
Department of the Interior and Local Government Memorandum Circular No. 92-41 –
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EO 648 – Reorganizing the Human Settlements Regulatory Commissions. (1981)
EO 90 – Abolishing the Ministry of Human Settlements and Creating the Housing and
Urban Development Coordinating Council. (December 17, 1986)
Executive Order No. 72 – Providing for the Preparation and Implementation of the
Comprehensive Land Use Plans of Local Government Units Pursuant to the Local
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Strategically) (2001)
HSRC Model Zoning Ordinance. (1983)
Joint DAR, DA, DILG and HLURB Memorandum Circular Prescribing Guidelines to
Implement MC 54
Letter of Instruction 729. (1978)
Presidential Decree 933 – Creating the Human Settlements Commission. (May 13, 1976)
RA 7279 – Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992.
Republic Act 7160 - Local Government Code of 1991 and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations. (June 1, 1992)
27

Improving The Local Planning Process

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Improving The Local Planning Process

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University of the

IMPROVING THE LOCAL

School of Urban and

List of Tables and Figures ii

2. Objectives of the Paper 1

3. A Review of the Current Local Planning Process followed in the

4. Critical Issues in the Local Planning Process 10

5. Recommended Definitions of Planning Terms Commonly Used 19

Table 1. Components of the Strategic Planning Process 6

Figure 1. The CLUP Process 3

IMPROVING THE LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS:

In an Inter-agency meeting on local planning attended by representatives from DILG,

2. Objectives of the Paper

The objectives of this paper are:

2.4 Generate recommendations on the above for consideration by the Technical

3. A Review of the Current Local Planning Process followed in the Preparation of

3.1 The HLURB Process

The HLURB’s functions are comprehensive and include:

• Extend technical and related forms of planning assistance to the local

3.1.1 The “Old” Ten-Volume Guidelines

In pursuit of its mandate, the HLURB has promulgated updated/revised

This ten-volume publication series is intended to be a ready reference for

This ten-volume guidebook is intended to be used as a reference document

• Gathering of data specifying the set of requirements and its

Figure 1. The CLUP Process

Volume VII, Mapping Guidelines, presents the methodology of mapping as

Volume VIII, Report Writing Guidelines, presents principal elements

Volume X, Model Zoning Ordinance, presents the revised model of a

3.1.2 Planning Strategically, the “New” Set of Guidelines

In 2001, the HLURB Board of Commissioners passed Resolution No. 714

• the existing ten-volume guidelines, as it is being used for cities and

In addressing these issues and problems which, as mentioned above,

The Strategic Planning Process, Figure 2, is indicated as a 10-step process

Figure 2. Preparation of Strategic CLUP

Table 1. Components of the Strategic Planning Process

Table 2. Basic Steps of Strategic Planning Process

Some Notes in Considering the Strategic Planning Process:

• Planners/users should remember though that the process is flexible and

• Its emphasis on genuine proactive participatory consultation can provide

3.2 DILG’s Executive-Legislative Agenda (ELA)

was published in 2004 by the Philippines-Canada Local Government Support

• A planning and budgetary tool which:

• A transparency and accountability tool which:

• A social mobilization tool which:

• A performance management tool which:

• A communication tool which:

• A convergence tool which:

Medium-Term Barangay Development

Figure 3. The Relationship of the ELA to the Other LGU Plans

building commitment; securing endorsement and approval; moving the ELA to

4. Critical Issues in the Local Planning Process

4.1 The CLUP and CDP Process

CLUP Preparation Conduct of Detailed

CLUP Long-Term CDP

Figure 4. CITY/MUNICIPALITY CLUP AND CDP PROCESS

4.1.1 Formulation of Alternative Spatial Strategies and Selection of the

The formulation of Alternative Spatial Strategies and Selection of the

4.1.2 CLUP Preparation and Detailing

Using the preferred spatial strategy as the backbone, a CLUP will be

4.1.3 CDP Preparation

As previously defined, the CDP is “a document embodying the vision,

The short-term CDP could be developed immediately after data collection