Solved Examples based on Progression Part 1

Solved Examples
Example 1:
Find the sum of the series
1 3 + 5 7 + 9 11 + upto n terms.
Solution :
This problem can be solved by different approachesm of course some one is
tricky, some one is little bit lengthy. Now you have to judge which one is
suitable for your.
Method I:
In the problem, it is not mentioned that n is even or n is odd. So, take
the different case.
Case I:
When n is even
i.e. n = 2m
Now, given series can be broken into two series like
(1 + 5 + 9 + 13 +m terms)
= m/2 [2 + (m 1)4] m/2 [2 3 + (m 1)4]
= m/2 (4) = 2m
= n
Case II:
When n is odd
i.e. n = 2m + 1.
[1 + 5 + 9 +(m + 1) terms] [3 + 7 + 11 + m terms]
= m+1/2 [2 + 4m] m/2 [6 + (m1)4]
= m/2 [2 + 4m 6 4m + 4] + 1 + 2m
= 2m + 1
=n
Method 2:

1 3 + 5 7 + 9 upto n terms
Case I:
When n is even i.e. n = 2m
Take two terms of given series at a time then above series becomes
(2) + (2) + (2) + upto m times.
So, sum of series = 2m
= n
Case II:
When n is odd i.e. n = 2m + 1
1 + (2 + 2 + 2 + upto m times)
=1+2m
= n.
Method 3:
1 3 + 5 7 + 9 11 + upton terms
This series is also written as
1 + 3.(1) + 5.(1)2 + 7.(1)3 + 9.(1)4 + upto n terms
1 + [3.(1) + 5.(1)2 + 7.(1)3 + 9.(1)4 + upto (n1) terms]
And seeing clearly, it is arithmetic geometric series is and common
difference is 2 and the first term of geometric series is (3) and common
ratio is (1).
Sn = 1 + [3.(1) + 5.(1)2 + 7.(1)3 ++ (2n1).(2)n1]
Let Sn1 = 3.(1) + 5.(1)2 ++ (2n1).(1)n1

Sn1 = 3.(1)2 ++ (2n3) (1)n1 + (2n1)(1)n

Subtracting, we get,
2 Sn1 = 32 [(1) + (1)2 ++ (1)n2] (2n1)(2)n

Case I:

When n is even
2 Sn1 = 3 2n+1 = 2 (n+1)
Sn1 = (n+1)
Sn = 1 + Sn1 = n
Example 2:
The sum of three consecutive terms in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their
squares is 293, then find all three terms.
Solution:
If we take three terms of an A.P. like a, a + d. and a + 2d
then a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) = 3(a + d) = 27 and
a2 + (a+d)2 + (a+2d)2 = 293
In this way calculation is very long, so we take the terms like
, , , + are the required numbers.
so (a ) + + ( + b) = 27
or 3 = 27
=9
Now ()2 + 2 + (+)2 = 293.
or 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + a = 293
or 32 + 2= 293
or 22 = 293 32 = 293 3(92) = 293 243 = 50.
or 2 = 25
= +5
So the numbers are 4, 9, 14. Negative values will just reverse the order. (Ans.)

Example 3:
Find the common difference of an A.P. whose first term is 100 and the sum
of whose first six terms is five times the sum of the next six terms.
Solution:
Let the common difference is d.
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n1)d]
Sn = 6/2 [2 100(n1)d]
= 3[200 + 5d]
S7.12 = 7thterm+12thterm/2 6(using equation 4)
= 100+6d+100+11d/2 6

(i)

= (200 + 17d) 3
According to problem 5 eq. (i) = eq. (ii)
So 5 (200 + 7d)3 = 3(200 + 5d)
Or 1000 + 85d = 200 + 5d
Or 80 d = 800

(ii)

So d = 10

Solved Examples based on Progression Part 2

Example 4:
The sum of three consecutive numbers in G.P. is 39 and their product is 729
then find all three numbers.
Solution :
Let /, , are required numbers
Product = 3 = 729 = 93
=9
/ + + = 39 (given)
(1/ + 1 + ) = 39
Multiplying each term by
9(1 + + 2) = 39
Or 92 + 9 + 9 39 = 0
Or 92 30 + 9 = 0
= 30+900324/18 = 30+576/18
= 30+24/18 = 54/18, 6/18 = 3, 1/3
So numbers are 3, 9, 27 or 27, 9, 3. (Ans.)
Example 5:
If Sp denote the sum of the series 1 + rp + r2p + and sp denote
the sum of series 1 rp + r2p (assume |r| < 1) then prove that
Solution:
Sp = 1 + rp + r2p +

(i)

=1/1rp
sp =1/1rp
(here common ratio is rp)
Sp + sp = 1/1rp + 1/1rp = 1+rp+1rr/1(rp)2
= 2/1r2p
= 2 S2p

Example 6:
Prove that 0.423232323 is a rational number
Solution:
This problem could be solved by either using progression or without
progression.
Let S = 0.4232232
Method 1:
S = 4/10 + 23/1000 + 23/100000 +...
= 4/10 + 23/103 + 23/105 +...
= 4/10 + 23/103 [1 + 1/102 + 1/104 +...]
= 4/10 + 23/103 [1/11/102]
= 4/10 + 23/103 100/99
= 4/10 + 23/103 = 419/990
So S is a rational number. (Proved)
Method 2:
1000 S = 423.232323
10 S = 4.232323 ..
Subtracting, we get,
990 S = 419
S = 419/990
So S is a rational number. (Proved)

Solved Examples based on Progression

Part 3
Solved Examples based on Progression :
Example:
If a2, b2, c2 are in A.P. show that b+ c, c, c+ a, a + b are in H.P.
Solution:
a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
So adding ab + bc + ca to each term
a2 + ab + bc + ca, b2 + ab + bc + ca. c2 + ab + bc + ca will also be in
A.P.
i.e. a(a + b) + c(b+a), b(a+b) + c(b+a), c(c+b) + a(b+c) are in A.P.
i.e. (a+c)(a+b), (b+c)(a+b),(c+a(b+c) are in A.P.
dividing each term by (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
1/b+a, 1/c+a, 1/a+b are in A.P.
So b + c, c+a, a+b are in H.P. (Proved)
Example :
If the AM between a and b is twice as greater as the GM, show that
a/b = 7+43
Solution:
A.M. =a/b
G.M. =ab
We have given
AM = 2 GM
a+b/2 = 2ab
a+b4 (ab)1/2 = 0
divide each term by b
(a/b) + 1 4 (a/b)1/2 = 0
or (a/b)2 4 a/b + 1 = 0
a/b = 4+164/2 = 4+23/2 = 2+
Squaring both sides, we get,
a/b = (2+3)2 = 4 + 3 + 43 = 7+43
Example :

The sequence N of natural numbers is divided into classes as follows

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Find the sum of the numbers of j-th row
Solution:
Numbers of element in j-th row = (2j1)
So number of elements in first j rows
= (2j-1) = 2 j 1
= 2 j(j+1)/2 j
= j(j+11)=j2
So number of elements in first (j-1) class = (j-1)2
So first element of j-th class = (j1)1 +1
So sum of (2j-1) terms of A.P. with first term, (j-1)2
Common difference, 1
1 = (2j1)/2 [2{(j1)2 + 1}+(2j1).1]
= (2j 1) (j2 2j + 2 + j 1)
= (2j 1) (j2 j + 1). (Ans.)
Example :
If a1, a2, , an are in arithmetic progression, where ai > 0 for all I,
show that
1/a1 + a2, 1/a2 + a3, ......., 1/an1 + an = n1/a1 + an
Solution:
L.H.S. = 1/a1 + a2, 1/a2 + a3, ......., 1/an1 + an = n1/a1 + an
= (a1+a2)/(a1+a2)(a1a2), (a2+a3)/(a2+3)(a2a3)
++ (an1an)/(an1+an)(an1an)
= a1 a2/a1 a2 + a2 a3/a2 + a3 +...+ an1 + an/an1 + an
Since a1, a2, a3, , an are in A.P.
So a2 a1 = a3 a2 = = an an1 = d
(say)
Adding all terms, we have an a1 = (n1)d
(i)
So L.H.S. = a1a2/d + a2a3/d +...+ an1an/d

=[a1a2 + a2a3 +...+ an1an]

= an+a1/d = ana1/(ana1)/(n1) = (n1)(an
a1)/(an+a1)(ana1) (from I)
= n1/an+a1 = R.H.S. (Proved)
Example :
If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of the reciprocals of n terms of
a G.P.
Solution:

Given S = a + ar + ar2 ++ arn1

P = a.ar.ar2 arn1
R =1/a + 1/ar + 1/ar2 +...+ 1/arn1
So, S =a(1r)r/1r
P = an.rn(n1)/2
R =(1/a)(11/rn)/11/r
So L.H.S. = (S/R)r = [a(1rr)/(1r)1/a(11/rn)/(11/r)]
= [a2(1rn)(r1/r)/(1r)(rn1/rr)]n
= [a2(1rn)(r1)rn/r(1r)(1rn)]n = [a2rn1]n = [anrn(n1)/2]2
= P2 = R.H.S. (Proved)

Solved Examples based on Progression Part 4

Example:
Find the sum to n terms of the series
1.3.5 + 3.5.7 + 5.7.9. +
Solution:
Here tn = (2n1)(2n+1)(2n+3)

 Sn = tn = (2n1)(2n+1)(2n+3)
= ((2n)2 12) (2n+3)
= (4n2 1)(2n+3)
= (8n3 + 12 n2 2n 3)
= 8 n2(n+1)2/4 + 12 n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 2 n(n+1)/2 3n
= n[2n (n+1)2 + 2(n+1)(2n+1)(n+1) 3]
= n[2n (n2 + 2n + 1) +2(2n2 + 3n + 1) n 4]
= n[2n3 + 4n2 + 2n2 + 4n2 + 6n + 2 n 4]
= n[2n3 + 8n2 + 7n 2]
Hence Sn = n[2n3 + 8n2 + 7n 2]
Example:
Find the sum of n terms of the series
1/1.2.3.4 + 1/2.3.4.5 + 1/3.4.5.6 +.........
Solution:
tr = 1/r(r+1)(r+2)(r+3)
tr+1 = 1/(r+1)(r+2)(r+3)(r+4)
tr/tr+1 = r+4/r
r tr = (r + 4) tr+1
r tr = (r + 1) tr+1 + 3 tr+1
Putting r = 1, 2, , n1
adding we get, t1 ntn = 3 [t2 + t2 + t3 ++ tn]
or 4t1 ntn = 3[t1 + t2 ++ tn] = 3 Sn
Sn = 1/3 [4t1 ntn]
=1/3 [1/1.2.3 m/3(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)]
= 1/18 1/3(n+1)(n+2)(n+3) (Ans.)
Example:
Sum of the following series to n terms:
1/1.3 + 2/1.3.5 + 3/1.3.5.7 + 4/1.3.5.7.9 +......
Solution:
tm = m/1.3.5.7 ...... (2m+1)
= 1/2 [2m+11/1.3.5.7 ...... (2m+1)]
=1/2 {1/1.3.5 ...... (2m1) 1/1.3.5 ...... (2m+1)}
m = 1:
t1 =1/2 {1 1.3}
m = 2:
t2 =1/2 {1/1.3 1/1.3.5}
m = 3:
t1 =1/2 {1/1.3.5 1/1.3.5.7}
m = n:
tn =1/2 {1/1.3.5..... (2n1) 1/1.3.5......(2n+1)}

Adding,
Sn = t1 + t2 +tn = 1/2 {1 1/1.3.5 ..... (2n+1)}