WAFFLE SLAB

Isha Pundir A1904010003 Nimrata Virk A1904010009 Nirvaan Ghosh A1904010018 Sakshi Dhupar A1904010033

INTRODUCTION
Waffle slab or 2 way concrete joist system is the 2 way equivalent of the one way concrete joist system. Waffle slabs are also known as biaxial voided slab or concrete coffering. Waffle slabs are often employed in a building not only for their economy but also for their richly coffered undersides which can be left exposed as ceiling. Metal or plastic pans called domes are used as the formwork to eliminate the non working concrete from the slab allowing a greater economy in longer spans. ADVANTAGES Medium spans Lightweight Level soffit Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer DISADVANTAGES Higher formwork costs than for plain soffits Slow. Difficult to prefabricate reinforcement span

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Waffles are generally limited to the interior of a slab, leaving one or two of the forms out to create a solid fill around the supports. The solid fills provide the strength required for shear transfer to the supports The fills also reduce the compression stresses at the soffit of the floor around the supports, thus avoiding the necessity of bottom reinforcement in this region. A light top mesh over the waffles is generally the only top reinforcement at the interior of the floor panels. The number of strands in each rib is typically limited to one or two, with bottom rebar not exceeding two (12mm). Where design requirements demand more reinforcement that is generally assigned to a typical interior waffle stem, solid strips along the lines of supports is used to accommodate the excess of reinforcement.

With larger loads and longer spans, such as is common in department stores a heavier solid slab band between the supports accommodates the overage of reinforcement from the individual waffle stems in each direction These slabs are popular in spans up to 10 m. They combine the advantages of waffle slabs with those of level soffits. Standard moulds are 225, 325 and 425 mm deep and are used with toppings between 50 and 150 mm thick. The ribs are 125 mm wide on a 900 mm grid. Depth is governed by deflection of the beams, which, therefore, tend to be heavily reinforced.

CASE STUDIES
Puerta de Sol Subway Station, Madrid, Spain St. Pancras Concourse at King's Cross Station, London Metro Subway, Washington, D.C. Yale University Art Gallery and Design Center Museum of Islamic Art, Doha\ Parliament Library , New Delhi (Live Case Study)

COMPANIES IN INDIA OFFERING WAFFLE SLAB SOLUTIONS

Supreme fibre glass Pvt. Ltd. FRP moulds for waffle slabs

Meena Fiberglass Industries, Pondicherry

Moulds for Waffle Slabs