Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Semantic Web
Roushdat Elaheebocus
School of Electronics and Computer Science
University of Southampton
re1e08@soton.ac.uk
ABSTRACT Trust has been given due importance as shown in the semantic
Trust is considered crucial for the success of the Semantic Web. In cake diagram below:
this paper, research works in this area have been analysed and
grouped into two categories, namely 'trust for individuals' also
referred to as a 'Web of trust' and 'trust for Semantic Web
Services'. Their strategies are compared and analysed. It has been
found that the two categories differ in their approach and rarely
take costs into consideration.
Keywords
semantic web, strategies, semantic, trust, provenance
1. INTRODUCTION
A Web where people and agents understand one another for better
cooperation, such is the vision of the Semantic Web described as
an extension of the original Web [1]. Similarly to the real world, Source: Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Semantic Web on
for cooperation to happen a certain level of trust is required XML.[5]
among the entities involved. The issue of trust is considered so
The semantic web cake diagram above shows a dedicated layer for
crucial, several researchers have argued that for the Semantic Web
trust at the top which can make use of the different layers
to succeed, the issue of trust must be addressed [10, 13, 23].
underneath to achieve a semantic web of trust through digital
There is no universal definition for trust with respect to the signature , encryption and reasoning. As for applications and user
semantic web but most of them revolve around the idea of a interfaces, they are then come on top of the trust layer. This
quantifiable level of belief entity A has in entity B, that B is diagram further illustrates the semantic web as an extension of the
competent, will perform reliably to the expectation of A and the Web mentioned earlier.
latter accepts to be vulnerable to an acceptable level during a time
period and under specific circumstances [2, 3, 4].
2. TWO AREAS OF RESEARCH
According to Donovan, A. and Gil, Y. [4], in order to understand It has been found that there are two main streams of research that
the issue of trust in the context of the Semantic Web, one should have emerged from the Semantic Web researchers' community:
first look at the much bigger picture which goes back to computer 'Trust among individuals' which revolves around the idea of a web
science. Research work on trust can therefore be broadly of trust [8] and 'Trust for semantic web services' in which users
classified into four main categories;policy-based, reputation- who can be either humans or intelligent agents making use of
based, general-models, trust in information resources. services and needing to have a way of determining the trust of
Due to space limitation we will focus on the last one that is 'trust services.
in information resources' which in fact makes use of the other According to O'Hara, K. et al [15], there are five main strategies
three categories and is the most relevant to the Semantic Web. when tackling the issue of trust on the semantic web namely:
optimism, pessimism, centralisation, investigation and transitivity
and five type of costs to be taken into consideration; operational,
opportunity, risk, deficiency, service payments. We therefore
intend to investigate to what extent O'Hara's observation has been
implemented.