EE10, Fall 10

Solutions to Assignment 1
Problem1: In the circuit shown the switch is closed at t=0, The current flowing in the circuit is given by the equation i(t) = 1 - e-t Amperes, t>0. At a certain time the current has a value of 0.63 Amperes. The battery voltage V=1 Volt V, L = 1 Henry, and R = 1 Ohm.

At what rate is the current changing and what is the total flux linkage respectively at the time when the current is 0.63A ? Solution 1: First evaluate the time at which the current is 0.63A, 1 - e = 0.63A ==>
-t

t 1 sec
-t di =e dt

Rate of change of current is Hence at time t 1 sec,

di = 0.37 A/s. dt The total flux linkages can be calculated from the constitutive relationship for inductors,

Li = 1H * 0.63A = 0.63 Wb
Hence the rate of change of current at the time when current is 0.63A is 0.37A/s and the total flux linked is 0.63 Wb.

EE10, Fall 10 Problem 2 In the circuit shown the switch is closed at t=0, The current flowing in the circuit is given by the equation i(t) = 1 - exp(-t) Amperes, t>0. At a certain time the current has a value of 0.63 Amperes. The battery voltage V=1 Volt V, L = 1 Henry, and R = 1 Ohm. What is the rate of change of flux linkages and voltage across the resistor?

Solution 2: Rate of change of linked flux =

d di =L dt dt

To evaluate the time at which the current is 0.63A, 1 - e-t = 0.63A ==> t 1 sec
di = e-t ...(2) dt

Rate of change of current is Hence at time t 1 sec, Therefore,

d = 0.37V. dt

di = 0.37 A/s ... from (2) dt

Voltage across the resistor can be given as I*R = 0.63A*1 = 0.63V

EE10, Fall 10 Problem 3 Refer to the figure shown. If network (A) is electrically indistinguishable from network (B), what are the respective values of C_eff and V_eff (Vab)?

Solution 3: 1) 28 uF is in series with the 21 F capacitor. Hence it can be replaced by, Ca = 28*21/(28+21) = 12 F. 2) Ca is in parallel with the 24 uF capacitor. Hence it is replaced by, Cb = (24 + 12) = 36 F . 3) Cb is in series with the 36 F capacitor, Hence is replaced by, 36*36/(36+36) = 18F. Hence it is replaced by Cc = 18F. 4) Cc is in parallel with 14uF capacitor, hence is replaced by Cd = 14+18 = 32 F. 5) Ce is the parallel combination of 20uF and 12 uF. Hence Ce=( 20+12) = 32F. 6) C_eff = Series combination of Cd and Ce 32*32/(32+32) = 16F. 7) C_eff = 16F 8) Vab = 8V -10V -5V +2V = -5V from KVL

EE10, Fall 10 Problem 4 A 36V battery is used to initially fully charge the capacitors C1, C2 and C3. The capacitors are then connected as shown in the figure. What is the steady state absolute value of the voltage VPP' ? C1 = 2000nF, C2 = 5000 nF, C3 = 7000 nF.

Solution 4 Initially, when the capacitors are charged using a 36V battery, the initial charges Qi1, Qi2, Qi3. Qi1 = C1V = 2F * 36V = 72C. Qi2 = C2V = 5F * 36V = 180 C. Qi3 = C3V = 7F * 36V = 252 C. Total initial charge = Qi1 + Qi2 + Qi3 = 504C. When the capacitors are connected as shown, the plates connected by the wires share charge to satisfy KVL. By principle of charge conservation we set up the equations below where Qfi is the final charge on the ith capacitor after charge redistribution. -Qi1 Qi3 = -Qf1 Qf3 --- (1) Qi1 Qi2 = Qf1 Qf2 --- (2) Qi2 + Qi3 = Qf2 + Qf3 --- (3)
Qf1 Qf2 Qf3 + = ---(KVL) ---(4) C1 C2 C3

Solving (1), (2), and (4) Qf1 = 29 C, Qf2= 137C, Qf3 = 295C VPP = (Qf3/C3) = 42.1 V

EE10, Fall 10 Problem 5 Referring to the figure shown, express vd as a function of time. va(0) = 15V, vc(0) = -45V, vd(0) = 40V, ib(t) = 50exp(-250t) uA (micro Amperes), for t>0

Solution 5 The effective capacitance can be calculated as a parallel combination of 1nF and 1.5nF = 2.5nF Also given that the current exits from the positive terminal of the capacitor, the capacitor will get discharged (hence the negative sign in the equation below).

EE10, Fall 10 Problem 6 As per the figure shown, what is the total energy delivered to the blackbox? va(0) = 15V, vc(0) = -45V, vd(0) = 40V, ib(t) = 50exp(-250t) uA (micro Amperes), for t>0

Solution 6 We reduce the network to a simplified capacitance attached to a blackboxas shown in the network below.

EE10, Fall 10

7
Energy delivered to the blackbox is positive as the current flows into the positive terminal of the blackbox. The amount of energy delivered can be calculated from the integral below Edelivered =

v.i.dt .
.

Particularly for the blackbox we will substitute vb and ib, and integrate this over t=0 to t=

100 exp(250t ).50 exp(250t )dt J

(Note the micro comes from the current being in micro-amps). Edelivered = 100*50/500 = 10 J