THE

SHE
OE,)

KING;)

THE

BOOK

OF

ANCIENT

POETRY,)

TKANSLATED

IN

ENGLISH

VEESE,)

WITH

ESSAYS AND

NOTES)
\303\214))

JAMES
PROFESSOR

LEGGE,

D.D.,

LLD.,

OF OXFORD, IN THE UNIVERSITY OP CHINESE FORMERLY OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY.)

LONDON:
TB\303\234BNER

&

CO.,

57 &
1876.

59, LUDGATEHILL.
reserved.])

[AU

Sights

PEEFACE.)

JOHN

CHILC8 AND

BON,

FEINTEES.)

has endeavoured to the author third chapter of the Prolegomena of the Book of which the metrical the on version clearly principles in the present volume, has been made, ancient poetiy, published China's and will only repeat here that his readers will find in it, in an English and not others composedby para dress, the Chinese poems themselves, for him to relate how he came to undertake phrase from them. It remains in completing it. the work, and the assistance that he has received at While his larger and critical work on the She, published preparing as he has stated in the chapter referred to, he Hong-Kong in 1871,though, did not think that the collection as a whole was worth the trouble of it often occurred to him that not a few of the pieces were well versifying, worth that trouble ; and if he had had the time to spare, he would then have undertaken it. Occupied with other Chinese classics, the subject of from his mind until he received versifying any portion of the She passed in the spring of 1874,from his nephew, the Eev. John Legge, M.A., of in Victoria, Australia, a suggestion that he should bring out a Brighton metrical version of the whole Book. To encourage him to do so, his and that of his brother, the Eev. nephew promised his own assistance, James Legge, M.A.,of Hanley, Staffordshire, while another helper might be found in the Eev. Alexander near Manchester. Cran, M.A.. of Fairfield, A plan for the versification of all the pieces was drawn out in harmony with this suggestion, and the principles on which the versions should be made were laid down. Various each causes, however, operated to prevent of his helpers from doing all the portion that had been assigned to him, and many of the versions which were sent had to be altogether set aside. of the volume three-fourths are the author's own, while he had much Fully to do in revising the other fourth. he tenders his To all his three associates most cordial thanks. which Many of the pieces have a beauty they would not have possessed but. for them ; and several of them\342\200\224of those especially from Australia\342\200\224asthey came to him, glowed with more of the fire of poetry than they now show.))
IN the
state

IV)

PREFACE.)

to acknowledge his great obligation. the end of his task, he asked his old HongW. T. Mercer, Esq., M.A. Kong friend, Oxford, to read and revise his before it went to the press. He knew he could not have a kinder manuscript all will say who are acquainted critic, nor an abler,\342\200\224as with Mr Mercer's own volume of \" Under the Peak ; or, Jottings in Verse, during a length ened residencein the Colony of Hong-Kong,\" published in 1869. Mr Mercer kindly acceded to the request, and went over every one of the the versification, and pieces, pruning, correcting, and smoothing otherwise various suggestions. He recast some of the pieces in making the first Part. The author has appended two of his recastings to his own as entirely his. versions, and I. ii. V. should have been mentioned In other casesit was found advisable to remake the pieces. To Mr Mercer also the Work is indebted, as the reader will perceive, for Latin versions of some of the pieces. Two metrical versionsin German of the old Chinese poems have existed for a good many years. The one was published at Altona, in 1833,with the title :\342\200\224\" Chinesisches Liederbuch, gesammelt ron Confu Schi-King, \" cius, dem Deutschen angeeignet von Friedrich E\303\274ckert the other at ; oder Chinesische Crefeld,in 1844. with the title :\342\200\224\" Schi-King, Lieder, von Confucius. Neu und frei nach P. La Charme'slateinischer gesammelt bearbeitet. F\303\274r's deutsche Volk herausgegeben von Johann Uebertragung Cramer.\" Of these the former by Eiickert has much the greater merit, and the second translator had it constantly before The present him. is under no obligation to either, nor can a comparison version,however, be instituted between it and them. Cramer says that his version was \" \" made from Lacharme's Latin translation freely ; nor had Eiickert any other original. Of the characterof Lacharme's the author has translation in the preface to his larger Work. spoken
gentleman

To another

he has also

When

he was

beginning

to see

CONTENTS.)

PEOLEGOMENA.

CHAPTER I.
THE

EARLY HISTORY

AND THE PRESENT

TEXT OF THE BOOK AND WHAT, IF

OF POETRY.
PAGE

SECTION

I. THE BOOK BEFORE CONFUCIUS UPON IT .. HIS LABOURS

II. BOOK

..

..

ANY,

..

WERE

.. 1
8

FROM THE TIME OF CONFUCIUS TILL THE GENERAL THE TEXT .. OF THE PRESENT .. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

CHAPTER II.
THE

SOURCES OF PRETATION AND THORITY

APPENDIX.

THE ODES AUTHORS ;

AS A COLLECTION THE PREFACES

THEIR

INTER

AND THEIR AU
\302\267 \302\267 \302\267 \302\267 \302\267 \302\267 13

..

..

..

..

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE PIECES

..

..

25

CHAPTER

III. PIECES ; THEIR POETICAL THE PRESENT VERSION OF PECULIARITIES

THE

RHYME

AND METRE

OF

THE

VALUE ; PRINCIPLE ON WHICH THEM HAS BEEN MADE ; CERTAIN STRUCTURE .. .. .. CHAPTER
THE

..
IV.

..

..

IN THEIR

,.

SI

122, King

Henry's Road,
April,
1876.)

London,

OF POETRY, CONSIDERED TION TO THE EXTENT OF ITS TERRITORY, ITS ITS RELIGION, AND ITS SOCIAL CONDITION STATE,
OF BOOK

CHINA

THE

IN

RELA

POLITICAL

..

..

41)

Oo) THE

POEMS. THE
.. .

PART
OOK

I.\342\200\224LESSONS FROM

STATES.
.. ..

I.

THU

JI\302\267 \302\267\302\267 ..

ODES OF CHOW AND THE SOUTH SHAOU AND THE SOl'TH

11
14

58
67))

CONTENTS.)
BOOK) PACE)

III.) THE
IT.) V.) VI.)

ODES OP P'EI)
YUNG)

19) 10) 10)

76) 93)

..

WEI)
THE

102)
111)

..

ROYAL DOMAIN)

10)

vu.)

CH'lNO)
TS'E)

21)
11) 7)

Till.)
IX.) X.)

1]9)
132)

WEI) T'AKO TB'IN CH'IN KWEI)

TS'AOU) PIN)

140)
147)

PBOLEGOMEM.)

. .) ..) . .)

12) 10) 10) 4) 4) 7)

XI.) XII.)

xiii.)
XIV.)

157) 167) 173)

176)

CHAPTER

I.
TEXT

XT.)

180)

THE EAELY
PART
I.) II.\342\200\224 MINOR

HISTORY

ODES OF

THE

KINGDOM.)

AND THE PRESENT BOOK OF POETRY.

OF

THE

DECADE OP LUH MIKO) .. PIH HWA) III.) .. T'UNG KUNG) II.)

IT.)

. ,) . .) . ,) . .) . .)
..)

189) 203) 208) 219) 232) 247) 261) 274)

THE

SECTION I.
BOOK

.. .. .. .. ..

K'E-FOO) SEAOU MIN)

BEFORE

CONFUCIUS

T.)
VI.)

HIS

; AND WHAT, LABOURS UPON IT.

IF ANT,

WEEK

PIH
SAUG TOO

SHAN) HOO)

Til.)

1.
\"

SZE-MA

Ts'\303\253en,

in

his

memoir
more

Till.)

JIN 8ZE

The

cius removed
PART
I.) III.\342\200\224 GREATER WAN) MIN)

old poems

ODES OF

THE

KINGDOM)

for , ,) 11)

DECADE OP KING .. ..
SHANO TANG)

284)
302)

II.)

III.)

321)

PART

IV.\342\200\224 ODES

OF THE
CHOW)

TEMPLE ANO
MEAOU)

THE

ALTAR.)
350)

I.) SACRIFICIAL\302\267 ODES OF

SECTION I. DECADE II. .. III. II.) PRAISE-ODES

OP TS'lNO

..
ODES

.. ..

SHIN MIN

KUNG)

, \316\262) 350) ..) 357) TSZE)

11) \302\267) 4) 5)

as high as S\303\253ehand Ascending and How-tseih, descending through the prosperous erasof Yin and Chow to the times of decadence under kings Yew and Le, he in all 305 selected to his lute, pieces, which he sang over to bring them into accordancewith the musical style of the Shaou, the Woo, the Ya, and the Sung.\" This is the first notice which we have of any of the ancient compilation it mainly poems by Confucius,and from are derived all
ness.

and selected thosewhich would statements o\303\255 scholars. the inculcation of propriety and righteous- ch\303\255nese

those which

amounted to
were

of Confucius,
than

says :\342\200\224
Confu

3000.

only repetitions be serviceable

of others,

YU SEAOU

364) 373) 384)

OP LOO

..

..

..

III.) SACRIFICIAL

the subsequentstatements In the History of the

of

OP SHANO)

the

INDEXES.)
I.) INDEX II.)

OP ..

SUBJECTS) PROPER NAMES)

392) ..) 428)

made and collected,Che,the Grand were arranged in order those which and made a copy of them. Then existing, Confucius expurgated them ; and going up to the Shang dynasty, and coming down to the State of Loo, he alto compiled gether 300 pieces.\"
odes

Suy

dynasty

ceased

to be

subject. Books in the Records (A.D. 589\342\200\224618), it is said :\342\200\224\" When

on the Classical

music-master

of Loo,

VOL.

III.

1))

THE

EAELY HISTORY

OF

THE

SHE.)
THE

SHE

BEFORE CONFUCIUS.

Gpw-yang

particularly

Confucius was.

Sew (A.D. 1006\342\200\224 1071) what the work of

\"Not

endeavours

to state

expurgation

reject whole
more stanzas

poems, ; from

; and from lines he rejectedoneor more characters/' Choo He (A.D. 1130\342\200\224 whose own classical Work 1200), on the Bookof Poetry in A.D. 11 78, declinedto appeared himself on the positively question of the expurg ation of the odes, but summed his view of what Con up fucius did for them in the \" Poems following words :\342\200\224 had ceased to be made and collected, and those which were extant were full of errors and wanting in arrangement. When Confucius returned from Wei to Loo, he brought with him the odes which he had gotten in other States, and digested them, along with those which were to be found in Loo, into a collection of 300 pieces.\" have not been able to find evidence these

only/' says he, from others he rejected stanzas he rejected one or more

but

performed by \"did the sage

one or
lines

express

the same divisions as in the present Classic, the sage's time. about and 3 \316\240 1 It would not be surprising, if, floating in the 6th century current among the people of China, before Christ, there had been even more than J^n\302\260\302\243p-\342\204\242 of poetry. The marvel is that cms. 3000 pieces such was not the case. But in the \"Narratives of the States,\" a Work attributed by someto Tso K'ew-ming,1 occur quotations from 31 poems, made there by statesmen and others, all anterior to Confucius of those poems ; and it cannot be pleadedthat more than two are not in the of those two one is an ode of it present Classic,while under another name. Further, in the Tso Chuen, quoted of Tso Kfew-ming, and a most valuable the work certainly to Confucius' own Work of the Ch'un supplement Ts'ew, we have quotations from not fewer than 219 poems ; and of
digested

under

existed before

these

representations,
These

ments
deice.

not

statesup-

^G

and propose uow

considerations\"

to

sustaining submit to the

of the author.
stantially

concurring to the The-r\303\254ew Confucius, the

same

But inde of this consideration, there is ample evidenceto pendently prove, first, that the poems current before Confuciuswere not by any means so numerous as Sze-ma Ts'\303\253en says, and, secondly, that the collectionof 300 pieces or thereabouts,)
affirmed

know, had

he may have somewhat altered the of its arrangement Books and odes, the he rendered principal servicewhich to it was not that of but the impulse to the compilation, study of it which he communicated to his disciples. The in the number of the odes as discrepancy given in the above statements will be touched on in a note. 2. If we place Ts'een's of the memoir of composition Confucius in B.c.100,nearly four hundred years will thus have elapsed between the death of the sage and any The statement groundto the effect that he a expurgated collection of poems, or \303\214i\302\273verepr\303\251s\342\204\242teprevious compiled ations. that which we now have, consisting of a few over 300 pieces ; and no writer in the so far as
interval,

which prevent me from in them, and have brought me conclusions that, before the birth of the Book of Poetry existed sub as it was at his death, and while that,

reader

250 poemscurrent
tion

only

thirteen Book

are not
in

found

in

the

Classic.
in

Thus of

China

before

of

the

14 are absent.
1736\342\200\2241795),

of the present dynasty,

\"If

To use the words

of

of Poetry,
the

286 are found

of

the supposed
Chaou
in

it, and only Yih, a scholar time

in

compila
(A.D.
these

the

period

K'een-lung
Confucius'

had
two
have

as numerous
been

been more than the quotations 3000, Books of poems now lost shouldhave

poems

existing

found
been

as the quotations

ten

times

from

the

tween
statement

we

or

implied

any such

facts.

to show that Ts'\303\253on's pieces. This is sufficient not worthy of credit.\" I have made the widest possible induction from all existing Recordsin which there are of poems made anterior to Confucius, quotations and the conclusion to which I have been brought is altogether of that deduced from the Works of Tso confirmatory If Confucius did make any K'\303\253w-ming. compilation of he had no such work of rejection and poems, expurgation to do as is commonly imagined. But I believe [ii.] that he did no work at all to which the name of myself can properly be applied, compilation but an existing collection of simply adopted con poems of 305, or at most sisting of 311 Of the expieces. 1 Notes on Chinese Wylie's Literature, p. 6. TsoK'evv-ming was not far removed

the existing

a twenty-first
is

preserved

by him, whereas they are only and twenty-second part of those

305 pieces

said to
be

from

from the era of Confucius.

1*))

4)
Proofs of the

THE

EARLY

HISTORY OF

THE

SHE.)

THE

SHE

BEFORE

CONFUCIUS.

5
Chow,

istence
Confucius,

of the in the

She, or Book of
under

Poetry,

before

Bod^oFpoetr16 before the

digested

time much

same orderas

four divisions,
at

and

that

as he
the

wished to hear the music of

in

which

he

:\342\200\224 may be advanced the following\302\267 proofs in the \" Official of Chow,\" we are told that Book First, it belonged to the .grand-master \" to teach the six classes of poems,\342\200\224the Fung, with their descriptive, metaphorical, and allusive the Ya, and the Sung.\" Mr Wylie pieces, of the Official that the question of the genuineness Bays Book may be considered as at rest since the inquiry

present,

there

set

into
of

it

of Chow, or someother sage of the Chow on Without committing myself to any opinion dynasty.1 in Preface this point, as I find the passage the just quoted to the She (of which I shall treat in the next chapter), I cannot but accept it as having been current before Con fucius ; and thus we have a distinct reference to a collec tion of the same earlier than his time, with poems, division into Parts, and the same classification of the pieces in those Parts. Second, in Part II. of the She, Book vi., Ode IX.,\342\200\224an ode to the time of king Yew, B.C. 780\342\200\224770, we assigned have the words, \" They sing the Ta and the Nan, Dancing to their flutes without error.\"
the

by

Choo

He, and that it

is to

duke

be accepted asa work

of the Chow-nan and the Shaou-nan ; those Wei ; of the Eoyal domain ; of Ch'ing ; and of P'ei, Yung, of Wei ; of T'ang ; of Ch'in; Ts'e of ; of Pin ; of Ts'in ; of Ts'aou. Kwei of They sang to him also the odes ; and Ya ; and they sang of the Minor Ya and the Greater in here of the Sung. We have the existing pieces finally before he had set his mind on the boyhood of Confucius, what we may call the present Bookof Poetry, learning,1 odes of the Fung with its Fung, its Ya, and its Sung. The were in 15 Booksas now, with merely some slight differ ences in the order of their arrangement;\342\200\224the odes of Pin forming the 9th Book instead of the 15th, those of the llth Ts'in the 10th instead of the llth, those of Wei the 12th instead of instead of the 9th, and those of T'ang

could do better
odes

Loo

than

in any

to him

other State, they sang

the 10th. In other

Confucius

was a
which
this

as that
the

mere boy, appears

matter

respects

the

She, existing in to have been

Loo

when

of

Fourth, in
odes as

the compilation
we

Confucius

himself.

Twice

our era, there was some bore the name of to forbid our supposing the Nan, which there is nothing and the Shaou-uan, to have beenthe Chow-nan forming the first two Books of the first Part of the present of together as the Nan; and of classic,often spoken bore the name of the Ya, being which others probably a large portion of the earlier pieces which now compose

a collection of

So early then

as the

8th

century

before

poems,

of which

the secondand
29th year
only court

third

Parts.
Tso B.C. S\303\253ang,

Third,

in the
of

narratives of

duke

8 or of

Loo

man of the time, and

1

9 years old, we have by an envoy from

of

under K'ew-ming, Confucius 543, when of a visit to an account

Woo,

tlie

was

the

an

great

learning.

eminent states We are told

Notes

on Chinese Literature,

p. 4.)

a collection consistingof 300 pieces.3 'That of chronological Work not being made on any principle those sayings to any order, we cannot positively assign life ; but it is, I may particular periodsof Confucius' say, the unanimous opinion of the criticsthat they were spoken before the time to which Sze-ma Ts'\303\250en and Choo He refer his special labour on the Bookof Poetry. The reader the evidence which has been set before may be left, with to form his own opinion on the questions discussed. him, To my own mind that evidence is decisive on the points. \342\200\224The Book of Poetry, arranged very much as we now have before the sage ; and it, was current in China long its pieces were in the mouths of statesmen and scholars, constantly by them on festive and other occasions. quoted Poemsnot included in it there doubtless were, but they were comparatively few. Confucius may have made a copyfor the use of himself and his disciples ; but it does not appear that he rejected which had been pieces any previously received, or admitted any which had not pre a place in the collection. viously found
1

has been ascribedto him. to the words of in the Analects he speaks of

may appeal

the same

Confucian

Analects,

II.

iv.

1.

2 Confucian

Analects, II. ii. ;

XIII. v.)

\316\233))

6)

THE

EARLY HISTORY OF

THE SHE.)
As

THE

'

SHE BEFORE

CONFUCIUS.)

4.
Further

Having
errors

come

to the

\303\254nente^ in**the first paragraph,

to make any further observations superfluous adduced in the first paraon *ne statements
graph.
as

it seems above conclusions,

to

If Confucius

Book,
purgation wo

it
should

is vain
suppose

to

try

Gow-yang

the

that of the the time of king Le, whereasthere of king Seang, and 2 of 13 of that time of king Hwuy, Even the Sung of Loo which are of king time Ting. Choo He are not the and referred to by the Buy writer The statement of the former in the Book. latest that the odes were arranged in order and copied by Che, but his of Loo,2 rests on no authority the music-master of Con time after the own ;\342\200\224morethan a thousand years in the next I shall refer to it again, however, fucius.
than

expurgated no previous the nature of his ex Sew did.1 From Sze-ma Ts'een there were no odesin the She later
and

specify

are 12

pieces

5. The question arisesnow of what Confucius really did at all. he did anything for the Bookof Poetry, if, indeed, the The only thing from which we can hazard slightest his own lips. on the point we have from Did Confucius opinion he tells I us :\342\200\224\" IX. In the xiv., Analects, \316\221\316\223\316\255\316\221? Poetry? returned from Wei to Loo,and theii the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Ya and the Sung all The return from Wei to Loo their found places.\" proper took placewhen the sage was in his 69th year, only five death. He ceasedfrom that time to take years before his himself with and solaced au active part in political affairs, the the of the Classics, writing of the music, study
Chcun

chapter.

Ts'ew,

disciples
the to
The

who still kept

music,\342\200\224that

reformation the

pieces
present

the about him. He reformed the poems were sung ; but wherein to which we cannot tell. And he gave consisted of the Ya and the Sung their properplaces.

and

familiar

intercourse

with

those

of his

called the the correct Ya precedethe pieces but a of or character a changed degenerateage; Ya of one an order in their following is no chronological there notes on the separate other, and it will be seen, from the the latter class,which odes,that there are not a few ofand observance the of of a good reign are illustrations In the former. the of as much as of propriety, any Books of the Sung again, the occurrence of the Praiseand sacrificial odes of Chow songsof Loo between the in vain to discover we which for an is try anomaly Shang a reasonable explanation. cannot we 6. While discover, therefore, any peculiar on the Book of Poetry, and we have labours of Confucius it now, as will be shown in the next section, substantially subse the it already compiled to his hand, as he found Confucius\302\267 serbe of it reasonably may preservation quent \302\267 vice to the She \302\267 -\316\271 \317\200 \316\271 ,\302\267 , \317\204 ,1 , , -\316\271 -\316\271 7 ex- was in the im) he which the admiration attributed to for it, and the enthusiasm for it with pressed which he sought to inspirehis disciples. It of itto converse he delighted was one of the themes on which the odes that the that it is from with them.1 He taught of them A man mind receivesits best stimulus.2 ignorant face to his one who stands with like was, in his opinion, wards a wall, limited in his views, and unable to advance.3 his son could specify as particular Of the two things which was that he should on him by the sage, the first ly enjoined contri learn the odes.4 In this way Confucius, probably, of the Book of buted krgely to the subsequent preservation the of the tablets on which the Poetry; \342\200\224 preservation odes were inscribed, and the preservation of it in the memories of all who venerated and looked his authority,
are

the Work, we cannot

now

the arrangement called

of the
say

odesin

the

other

Parts
What

of

of

what

extent

it was.

order

of the

Books

in

the

up to

him

as

their

master.)
Ana., ix. VIII. viii.; XVII. * Ana., XVI. xiii.))

Fung,

differing,
his
1

which was common in that we have seen, from determined him. now been also have by may boyhood, instance
and

slightly

VII. xvii. Analects, 3

Ana.,

XVII.

x.)

Every

pleaded
characters

lines, stanzas, 2

When this Che lived in Ana. VIII. xv., XVIII. contemporary of Confucius.)

of his expurgation of by Sew in support of by various scholars. has been disposed to him From tbe references is much disputed. to have been a ix., we naturally supposehim

THE

SHE AFTER

CONFUCIUS.)

THEEE Book quarters.

DIFFERENT

TEXTS. three

J different

of Poetry
earlier

was recovered cataloguex of

Han
the

from

SECTION

II.)
TIME

library of the

[i.] Lew Hin's

with

Works

in the

King,
Text
Shin
the

a Collection

THE
THE

BOOK

OF POETRY FROM THE GENERAL-ACKNOWLEDGMENT

OF

CONFUCIUS
PRESENT

TILL

which

is

followed

OF THE

TEXT. of

the attention ' From con\303\255u- ^ \302\256T paid cms to the ay- Book from the of Poetry \302\267 ,1 m ,. , rj ,\302\267, nasty of Ts'in. to tue rise ol the

to the

is in
his

death
,
dynasty, One

study of ,

the

P'ei, and

of Loo. of whom

of the three Texts in 28 chapters, the on Works of commentary two by a was Text of them The of The former by

dynasty

commences,

imperial on the She

we

have

some

account

in

^0\302\267 native

Confucius , have we Tsze-

Literary

abundant evidence in the writings sze, of Mencius, and of Seun

of his graudson
of

a scholarof
to by many

Loo,

had received his own

Ts'e,

Biographies
called

of Han.
knowledge
K'\303\253w-pih.

He was a

of

Fow

of the odes from He was resorted

ledged distinctions the odes, of which

K'ing. of Menciusis
canon

the

acknow
with

bnt withont
interpretation. dynasty

disciples,whom
entering When

his

fixed to
survived

'my

larger

volumes

the

extinction

of the
in excepting

for the study of them is a proof ; and Seun

acquaintance

to repeat odes, he taught with them on discussion into of the first emperor the

the

their Han

into

the times

of Ts'in.
Ts'in

Chow dynasty, and

the

K'ing
on

pre

was

passing

through

the

lived

other classical Works,

the

2. The Poems shared

tyrant

the

of

But I have
The

of elapsed betweenthe execution of the Han the establishment itself by its which distinguished dynasty, to restore the monuments of ancient literature. labours The odeswere all,or very nearly all, recovered ;1 and the reason assignedfor this is, that their preservation de more than on their scholars of pended on the memory

shown,

issued his edict for their destraction. to vol. I., that only in the prolegomena
and

calamity Yih,

which all the suffered, when

Poems a

few years

1\342\204\242 decree \342\204\2423terthe\302\260fire\302\241 of Ts'in.

inscriptionupon
to accept

tablets

and
texts

silk.

We shall

find

reason

this statement.
different

3. Three
differ-

of the

anee

ent texts.)

early

in the

She of

Loo, of Ts'e, and

odes made their Han dynasty, known

of

appearas

the
the)

Han

; that

is,

was made to the number of the odes, reference In the last section the round number, mention by Confucius himself as 300. Hemight The not thinking it worth while to say that they were 305 or 311. Classic now contains the text of 305 pieces, and the titles of other 6. It time other scholars, that in Confucius' is contended by Choo and many the text of those six was already lost, or rather that the titles were names of tunes only. More likely is the view that the text of these pieces was lost after Confucius' death.)
given

80 years when he was more than to court sent for him a considerable survived old; and he appears to have The names age. number of years beyondthat advanced and are given, all men of eminence, of ten of his disciples the most little A later, Gan-kwoh. among them K'ung noted adherent of the school of Loo was a Wei Keen, who and published of prime minister, at the dignity arrived down \" in the She of Loo in Stanzas and Lines.\" Up and to be found quotations of are the Books of Han and Wei the odes,which must have been taken from the professors recension of the Loo ; but neither the text nor the it long survived. on They are said to have writings Tsin the dynasty (A.D.265\342\200\224419). When perished during of them none the catalogue of the Suy library was made, were existing. works on five different mentions [ii.] The Han catalogue a Yuen from was text Koo, a This the She of Ts'e. the The Text of about whom we learn, from native of Ts'e, Ts'e\302\267 same of Literary Biographies, that he chapter in the time of was one of the Great scholars of the conrt the emperorKing (B.C. 155\342\200\224142), a favourite with him, of the odes his and specially distinguished for knowledge doctrine. He Confucian and his advocacy of orthodox died in the next reignof Woo, more than 90 years old ;
1

capital The emperor

of that State,

Loo, Shin followed him to him. with and had an interview

his

Woo, in the

of beginning

reign

(B.C. 139),

Proleg.,

Toi. I.

p. 4.))

10)

THE SHE

AFTEE

CONFUCIUS.)

THE

TEXT OP

MAOCT.)

11)

and we are told that all the name in those days for their

scholarsof
acquaintance who
native

Tsfe

who

with

got a the She

convulsions

by which

his acquisitions to How Ts'ang,a of Shan-tung province, and author the Han catalogue. How had three
\342\200\224Yih

sprang from known name

his of

school.
H\303\253a-how

Among
Ch'e-ch'ang,

his disciples
of

is the wellthe

consequent we have witnessed

of

the empire was often destruction of literary monuments,

rent,

and such

the as

in

our

own

communicated

two

of the

Works

present
in

appearance and superior correctuess,

a fourth which

Text

day in China, than to the which displaced them by its ability

the
\"

with

it

was

advocated
later

of disciples

Fung,
with

them

the
the

Text of
Books

S\303\253aou Wang-che,

and
transmitted

Ts'e was
from

K'wang
to

eminence, From H\303\244ng.

into the

others,

whose

names,
through

quotations

their

of Han.

Neither text nor

writings,
than

are scattered
comment

aries,

There is no
are

however, said

had
mention

a better
of

They

to have

in the catalogue of Suy. even before the rise of the perished

them

fate

the

She

of Loo.

Tsin

more fortunate. [iii.] The Text of Han was somewhat The Han catalogue contains the titles of four works, all
emanated in the text of the She which of How His biography follows that Ts'ang. of the province of Yen, and He was a native, we are told, \" in the time of the a \" Great scholar emperorWan (B.C. Woo. on into the reigns of King and and 178\342\200\224156), \" He of the the it is said, \"to unfold laboured/' meaning ' of the Text,' and odes, and published an Explanation ' Illustrations several of the She/ containing myriads of the His text was somewhat different from characters. but substantially of the of the She of Loo and Ts'e, texts Han founded a school ; but same meaning.\" Of course while almost all the writings of his followers soon perished, on through continued the both the Works just mentioned The Suy catalogue various dynasties to the time of Sung. contains the titles of his text and two Works on it ; the T'ang those of his text and his Illustrations ; but when in the time we come to the catalogue of Sung, published in 10 the we find of the Yuen dynasty, Illustrations, only Sew tells us that in his Booksor chapters ; and Gow-yang It continues, remained. time this was all of Han that entire or nearly so, to the present day. 4. But while these three different recensions of the of a single frag with the She all disappeared, exception not more to the) fate was owing ment, their unhappy
Han

dynasty.

The Text
Ying.

of

^>J -Han

Yinn>

wh\302\260se

surname

is thus

perpetu-

ated

from

him.

Text of Maou.\" It came the others; but the Han cata of Maou in 29 chapters, and a the She logue contains in 30. According to on the text commentary Ch'ing author of this commentary was a native the known as Maou H\303\244ng or the Greater of Loo, Maou, who was a disciple,we are told by Luh Tih-ming, of Seun The Work is lost. He had communicated his of the She, however, to another Maou,\342\200\224Maou knowledge or the Lesser Maou,\342\200\224who was \" a Great scholar\" Chang, at the court of king Heen of Ho-keen.1 This king was one of the most diligent labourers in the of recovery the ancient Books, and presented Maou's text and the Work of H\303\244ng at the court of the emperor King,\342\200\224pro in B.C. 129. bably Chang himself published his \"Ex of the She,\" in 29 chapters, which still re planations main it was not till the reign of the emperor ; but P'ing that Maou's recension was received into the (A.D. 1\342\200\2245) and took its place along with those of imperial college, Loo, Ts'e, and Han. The Chinese have traced the line of carefully scholars who had charge of Maou's text and explanations

This

was what
field

is called the
than

and commented on.

AfourthText\302\267 that of Maou.

K'aug-shing, K'ing.

Heen

critics

down

to

the

reign
Seu was

Yen-n\303\253en, K\303\253ah,who

and

in

Gaou succeededCh'in office at the court of the usurper Wang

Gaou.

of P'ing
He

wan ;\342\200\224K

To Seu

Ch'ang-k'ing,

H\303\253ae

Mang
and

(\316\221.\316\240. 9\342\200\22422).

transmitted

his

treasures
Wei

to

S\303\253ayMan-k'ing,

who

himself
of

commented

from

him

chung

scholars addicted themselves to

(A.D.
25\342\200\224101)

the next chapter. From

published

or Wei

they

passed to
whom
this

the

on the
most

She;
King-

well-known

Hwang,

I shall
time

have to
the
\"

speak in
famous
and

Maou'stext.
on the
previously in Chih-le, was Tih.))

K\303\253a Kwei

a Work

Difficulties

of Maou's
kingdom

She,\"having

Meaning

compiled

The

petty Shin

of

Ho-k\303\253enembraced

the present

districts of

department of the same name Chow. King He'en's name

three of the

districts in
the two

and one of

\342\200\242\316\257)

12)

THE SHE

AFTEK

CONFUCIUS.)

OF THE SOUECES

THE

ODES

AS A

COLLECTION.

\316\2523)

of the of the differences between its text and those of the other three recensions, at the command emperor (A.D. 69\342\200\224165) followed Ming (A.D. 58\342\200\22475). Ma Yung arrive with another we at Ch'ing ;\342\200\224and commentary \" digest

his wrote who Heuen, or Ch'ing K'ang-shing, Supple and his mentary Commentary to the She of Maou,\" former The to She.\" Introduction the \"Chronological of these two Works complete, and portionsof the latter, as defects has are still extant. That the former great well as great merits,there can be no question ; but it the world of China, and after took possession of literary the time of Ch'ing the other three texts were little heard text on Maou's of, while the names of the commentators numerous. become and his explanations of it speedily very of Tsun-fuh, Maou's grave is still shown near the village in the departmental district of Ho-k\303\253en. now to what I said in the 2nd paragraph, 5. Returning it will be granted that the appearance of three different and independent texts, immediately after the rise of the evidence of affords the most satisfactory Han dynasty, it Book of as had *^e recovery of the Poetry, The diff\303\251rait texts guarantee continued from the time of Confucius. Unof /\302\267..\302\267, tho integrity , \316\271 /. \316\212 , \316\267 recovered lortuiiately the only fragments of them remain Blle' we have seen that they were dili now ; but scholars with one another, gently comparedby competent and with the fourth text of Maou, which subsequently In the body of the larger Work got the field to itself. to many of their peculiar readings; is called attention their variations and it is clear to me that Thetextswere and from Maou's text arose one another from ^fi'S'trom\342\204\242 citation. fact that the preservation the alleged from the odes was owing to their being transmitted of by re to retain The rhyme helped the memory citation. them, all consumed and while wood, bamboo, and silk were by of repression ceased time the the flames of Ts'in, when their stores. It to rehearse be scholars would eager that the same sounds, when taken down inevitable was by cases writers, should in many different characters. Accepting the no reason to doubt that it is a have which was current in the time to that different

CHAPTER

II.

THE SOURCES
INTERPRETATION

OF THE ODES
AND
AND

AS

A COLLECTION;

THEIR

AUTHORS;

THE PREFACES

THEIR

AUTHORITY.)

APPENDIX\342\200\224A

CH-EOKOLOGICAL

TABLE OF

THE

ODES.

IT has been shown in the first section of last chapter odes of the Book of Poetry existedasa collection that of a question the time of Confucius. It becomes before collection the how ascertain can whether we some interest {he gaps that now for came to be formed, and account no are poetical memorials at exist in it,\342\200\224how there Chow of the of the several kings, How wore the all of reigns a portii^flr only and how the first Part embraces was g\342\204\242^ the which of kingdom tion of the States
1.

incomplete?

Composed.

of \"a very wise man,\" make all the balladsof

should

2.

Sir Andrew Fletcher

that
a

of \"

Saltoun if

tells

us the

a man

nation, the

were permitted to he need not care who

Chinese

opinion

make

its
with

is, that it was

the

acquainted
different

States,

the

character several princes, praise

cordingly.
1

themselves duty in the current and odes all the songs and to judge from them of The theory of a^r^coiecof the rule exercisedby their
of

laws/'1

The theory of
kings

scholars

to make

so that they

or blame,

reward or
\"

might punishment,

minister ac-

fO^govenTmentai purposes.

John

text as it exists,we
near
of
approximation

be represented

by

Confucius.)

on Governments.\" Sir adduces the remark of a a minister of I have heard that writer in the Spectator (No. 502):\342\200\224\" of hooks and had all manner Elizabeth State in the reign of Queen ballads brought to him, of what kind soever,and took great notice how he would, and certainly which much they took with the people; upon and of the most might, very well judge of their present dispositions, to his own purposes.\ proper way of applying them according
See Fletcher's Davis (The

account of Poetry of the

a Conversation

Chinese,

p. 30)

\\

\316\235))

THE

SOURCES OF

THE ODES

AS

COLLECTION.)

THE

SOURCES

OF

THE ODES AS A
would

COLLECTION.)

15)

3.

The
classical tiS

of this theory support '

The fuppOTtatto \302\253y-

one classical

passage
is

in

the

14 :\342\200\224\" fifth Every made a progress Grand

the

is referred to in Le Ke, V. ii., parr. 13, year, the son of Heaven

which

we

may

presnrne
within

a fortiori,
the

be

done

with

through

the

the
him

lay before
several Eoyal

was only compiled in the reign of the Han dynasty (B.C. 179\342\200\224155). The scholars entrusted with the work did their best, we with the materials at their command. may suppose, They made much use, it is evident, of Mencins, and of the E \" Le. The Chow Le, or the Official Book of Chow,\" had not then been recovered. But neither in Mencius, nor in the E Le, do we meet with for the state any authority ment before us. The Shoo mentions that Shun every fifth made vear a tour of inspection his ; but through empire there were then no odes for him to examine, as to him and his minister rudi Kaou-yaou is attributed the first at the poetic art. Of the mentary attempt of progresses the sovereigns of the H\303\253a and Tin we have no dynasties information those of the kings of Chow ; and were made, we know, only Once in twelve The above state years. ment in the Le Ke, therefore, was based only probably on and is erroneous in the tradition, of the frequency royal progresses which it asserts. which beset the text Notwithstanding the difficulties of the Le Ke, however, I am not disposed to reject it al It derives a certain amount of together. confirmation from the passage quoted in the last the chapter, p. 4, from \" Official Book of Chow/' showing that in the Cho\\v dy there was a collection of poems, under the divisions nasty of the Fuiig, the Ya, and the Sung,which it was the busi the emperor
Ordinances,\"
Wan

people.\" \"

quarters,

as au

music-master collected poems

was commanded to

kingdom,

when

Unfortunately,

in the States of the exhibition of the manners of the this Book of the Le Ke, the

lar State, so that their have an opportunity to t\302\267, \316\271 \316\271 mi for themselves,
points,

domain itself. produced royal 4. But the feudal Stateswere modelled after the pattern of the royal State. They also had their music-masters, their musicians, and their historiographers. The kings in their did not visit each progresses particu- The musicmusic-masters

those

of

ness of the Grand

aud

music-master to teach the musicians

royal

the

\303\251l\303\250ves of the

school.
in

then,

that the duke

that

of Chow,

It

may

be

enacted
progresses,

legislating

the be

States should
and

poems produced collected on the

in the different

for his dynasty,

royal

granted

the

bureau

of music

lodged

thereafter
the

at

occasions of the among the archives

The same

feudal
of
thing,)

royal

court.

earls, barons, &c., of the different quarters kingdom ; there gave them audience ; ad judicated upon their merits; aud issued to them their orders. We are obliged to suppose that the princes . would be attended to the of rendezvous places by their music-masters, with them the poetical carrying composi tions collected in their several to present them regions, to their superior of the royal court. 5. By means of the above arrangement, we can under stand how the poems of the whole kingdom were accumu lated and arranged among the archives of the capital. Was there any provision for disseminatingthencethe of one State poems among all the others? Thereis suf ficient evidence that this dissemination was \" . \302\267 TTn\342\200\236 tl 11 \316\240 r til -HOW tile COIin some effected. way the lected poems Throughout \"Narratives of the States\" and the details Stta^Si of Tso the on the K'ew-ming history of the Ch'un stotcs\302\267 the Ts'ew, officers of the States generally are to us as familiar not only with the odes of their presented States, but with those of other States as well. particular They ap pear equally well acquainted with all the Parts and Books of our present collection and we saw in Chapter ; I., p. 5, how the whole of the She was present over to Kesung chah of Woo when he visited the court of Loo. My is that there was a opinion regular communication from the royal court to the courts of the various States of the poetical pieces, which for one reason or another were thought of worthy This is nowhere ex preservation. stated pressly but it may be \302\267, argued by analogy from the account which we have in the \" Official Book of Chow\" of the duties of the or recorders,of the historiographers, Exterior.\342\200\224\302\273 had They charge of the Histories of all the))

the marquises, of the

ihey

collect the ,

met, at well-known music-master.

odes ,, ,

could \302\243ngtewou\303\256d *? odesof each in it *'\302\253 State from its

16)

THE SOUECES OF

THE

ODES

AS A

COLLECTION.)

THE

SOURCES OF

THE ODES

AS

COLLECTION.)

17)

States ; of the Books of the the five emperors. They the kingdomthe writings

three August communicated

[in

their

of fuller
satisfactory

give a thoroughly and the Booksrefer I quote them redto in merely of to establish the fact that, according to the constitution were not under the dynasty of Chow, the kingdom only for States collected the literary monuments of the feudal the satisfaction of the kings, but they were again sent and became forth to the courts of the different princes, the common of the cultivated classes through possession evidence of The out the whole documentary country. in the fact is scanty, owing to the imperfect condition Han the the Books of Chowwere recovered which during mention made of the and so we have no special dynasty, \" which I have of the odesin the passages Official Book/' adduced; but that they, as well as the other writings
information

it

is not

account these brief

of the Histories sentences ; but

easy to

[rulers] and of to all parts of charge] ,\"1 For want

which

Tsfe,

to Loo, are specified, were made known vaguely the Tsin, and all the other States, seemsto have to of analogy in its favour, and to be necessary evidence with them account for the general familiarity which, we

know, prevailed.
G.

produced in the several States capital, and thence again dis we might conclude seminated kingdom, throughout the collection would have been far more extensive that of it we have it now. The smallness and than complete and disorder HOW the col- is to be accounted for by the after fell which the into confusion kingdom toaid email\" from complete. t}ie lapse of a few king Woo. reigns fell into when ceased government royal lloyal progresses
But

if

the

were thus

poems

collected

in the the

1 to everything about the feudal related These Histories, it is held, of their princes and barbarous tribes, the history States, and the outlying their ceremonies, music, chiefs, their origin and boundaries, their tributes\302\273, what the Books of the three customs,&c. We try in vain to discover for my is the most important The second sentence ones were. August ' \" argument. I cannot accept the interpretation of the writings,' in which Biot characters. = the names of the written many acquiesce, as simply ou \303\251crits, Ils sont charges (le propager les noms gives fcr the whole :\342\200\224\" I believe de l'\303\251criture, dans les quatre parties de l'empire.\" IPS signes that I have given the sense correctly.)

larly uncommemorated,and the latestodesare of the time of Tiug, when a hundred years of the Ch'uii Tsce\\v had still to run their course. I cannot suppose but that many were made and collected during the 143 years odes after The probability is that Ch'ing. king they perished the feeble and disturbed reignsof B, H\303\253aou, B, during Of the reign of the first of these we have only and Le. of all of which five Choo considers the dato to be pieces, uncertain of the second, as has been observed ; of that we have no memorials at all ; of that of the third above, we have only one piece, which Choo, for apparently good would to a considerably later date. Then reasons, assign follow four the date of which is quite uncertain, pieces, and to the reign of Le,\342\200\224some of them eleven, assigned with evident error. To Le's succeeded the and long vigorous reign of Seuen (B.C.828\342\200\224781), when we may the poems suppose that the ancient custom of collecting was revived. Subsequently to him, all was in the main decadence and disorder. It was probably in the latter an ancestor of part of his reign that Ch'ing-k'aou-foo, obtained from the Grand music-master of the Confucius, conrt of Chow twelve of the sacrificial odes of the previous was held dynasty, with which he returned to Sung which of the House of Shang. were by representatives They used there in sacrificing to the old kings of Shang, and were probably taken with them to Loo when the Kfung Yet of family subsequently sought refuge in that State. the twelve odes seven were lost by the time of Confucius. The general conclusion to which we come is, that the existing Bookof Poetry is the fragment of various col lections made during the early reigns of the kings of and added to at intervals, especiallyon the oc-) '-'how,
See Mencius,
TOL. \316\240\316\231.) 2)

the odes were no longer collected.1 We of any progress of the kings during the period of the Ch'un Ts'e'w. But, before that period, there is a longgap of 143 years between kings Ch'ing and E, coveringthe reignsof K'ang, Ch'aou, Muh, and we have no poetic memorials, if we ex Kung, of which the sacrificial odes of pieces among cept two doubtful The reign of H\303\253aou who Chow. succeeded to B is simi
decay, have

and then no account

IV. ii. XXI.

\\))

18)

THE

SOUKCES

OF

THE ODES AS A

COLLECTION.)

THE

AUTHORS OF

THE

ODES.)

19)

rule, in accordancewith the preserved in the Le Ke. How regulation more not than a it is that we have in Part I. odes of dozen of the Statesinto which the kingdom was divided,1 over a of those States extend only odes the and that we these can :\342\200\224for their short period of things history that such were the than not account further by saying ravages of time and the results of disorder. We for can it. as it is, and be thankful only accept the collection was a native of Loo, for such Confucius It was well that and so the others, was the position of that State among the court, that tlie odes close its relations with royal
currence

of a prosperous which has been

.manners
garding

student

them
than

to be surprised
at

so cometo a decisionre their rulers. A government translator of the odes has simply to allow and and has no morereason to speak for themselves,
of the

people,\" and
and

the

morals of

at

the

language

of vice in
in

some of
others.

them

the language
odes without

of

virtue

many

saying of enigmatic \" the three hundred

meaning
tence,\342\200\224Thought

Confucius

himself,

that

The the whole of

numerous more preserved in it were probably cannot Yet we else. than anywhere plete statement of the editor of the Suy catalogue been page 2, that the existing pieceshad and arranged by Che, the music-masterof

and com

accept
adduced copied
Loo,

the
on out

unless,

indeed,

Confucius, when, as we have seen, the collection was to the same as it is now. be found there, substantially I have sought to establish in which 7. The conclusions of the She the sources the above paragraphs,concerning the inter on an h ave as a collection, bearing important Sze-ma remark of odes. of The the of many pretation
Bearing above

Che had

been in

office

during

the

boyhood

of

graphs

the paiathe on
of of

Ts'\303\253en,

that

\"

Confucius

selected

those

interpretation particularpieces.

selected 80S pieces out

studied and
taught

for the be serviceable pieces . I: and righteousness, illustration ot propriety tte sage as tlie \316\277\316\233\316\262^ jg ^ emmeous ^

which

would

of

3000.

the

illustrative odes contained and the collection necessarily of licentiousness of bad government as well as of good, been such a has as of a pure morality. as well Nothing the way of the reception of Choo He's in stumbling-block as the readiness with which he of the pieces interpretation a licentious meaning to thoseof Book vii., Part attributes I. But the reasonwhy the kings in their progresses had the odes of the different States collected and presented to them, was \" that they might judge from them of the
1

pieces

which

Confucius merely he found existing,

I have given to it in the translation It may very well be said, in harmony that the odes were with all that I have here advanced, of good collected and preserved for the promotion manners. The merit attaching government and virtuous of what was to them is that they give us faithful pictures was bad in the political State of the good and what and in the social habits of the people. country, made by in 8. The pieces in the collectionwereof course dividuals who possessed the gift, or thought that pos they sessed the gift, of poetical composition.Who ite writers of the odes\302\267 on the authority they were we could tell only of the odes themselves, accounts or of crediblehistorical with them or nearly so. They would contemporaneous in general be individuals of someliterary for the culture, arts of reading and writing even not be widely could diffused during the Chow dynasty. It is not worth our while to question the opinion of the Chinese critics, who attribute many to the duke of Chow, though we pieces have independent testimony only to his compositionof a of Book xv., Part I.2 We ode,\342\200\224the second single may to him also the 1st and 3rd odes of the same assign Book ; the first 22 of Part IL; the first 18 of Part III.; and with two doubtful exceptions, all the sacrificial Songs

in the
of

may be depravity,\"

summed up in one sen l must be understood

which

the

Analects.

of Chow.

assignedwith
the ciently

Of the 160 piecesin 2nd of Bookxv.,which

certainty.

Pt I.
lias

only

just Some

historical

fixed,

iii., iv.j

I might

Wei, and

probably

say not quite a dozen,for Books iii., iv., and also xiii., as well as x., to Tsin.)

v., all

belong

to

interpretation may be considered as suffi as the complaints of Chwang in Books Keang, in the first person ; but the author v., are written
\" 1 See the Ana. II. See the Shoo, V. vi. 2*))

the of the authorship been referred to, can be of the others, of which

ii.
15.

20)

THE PREFACE

TO

THE

SHE.)

THE

PEEP ACE TO THE

SHE.)

21)

his subject. In Pt II., the 7th made by a K\303\253a-foo, a noble of the ode him ; the more about royal State, but we know nothing 6th of Book vi., by a eunuch styled M\303\244ng-tsze ; and the of external testi a concurrence 6th of Book vii., from monies, may be ascribed to duke Woo of Wei.
may

be personating of Book iv. was

of a disproportionate was separated from

But the
evidently

length ; and very the rest, and called

the and

early,

this

portion

the

Great

division

of

unnatural

original inartistic

his
tions

truer
of

critical
the

preface thus made was ; and Choo He showed

Preface,

the same duke Woo ; the 3rd by an earl of must have been made royal domain ; the 4th

iii.,the In Pt III., Book

2nd

piece

was composed
Juy

by

in

the

under feelings Seuen's ministers,to expressthe king's the drought which was exhausting the kingdom;and of Yin Keih-foo, 5th and 6th claim to be the work the

by one

of

one of
9.

Seuen's principal officers. the odes are

allow given

text

the of the
In

She, the occasionand

;

preface which appeared

but
much

along with
authorship

Maou's

of

more of fixed

I am

have of cases the unsatisfactoriness of in a multitude shown the view which it would oblige us to take of particular There are few western Sinologues, I apprehend, odes.
who

substanceof it to the piecesof the

weight will

to be found in the notes several Books, where I

not inclined to The its testimony.

pre

many

to the Kwan ts'en, and preface dignifying them with the same name of the Great This Preface. of the nature gives us some account and origin of poetry in general,and of the different Parts which the compose She. But Choo should have farther. In what is gone left of the preface to the Kwan ts'eu, we have not only an account of that ode, but alsowhat be regarded may as a second introduction to Part L, and especially to the first and second Books of it. To maintain the symmetry of the prefaces there to be ought sentences corresponding at the commencement of the notices to the introductory first odes of the other Parts. But there is nothing of the sort ; and this want of in the preface as a whole symmetry is a sufficient it did not all proof to me that
from

ability by detaching only

certain por

one

hand.
\316\240. of

proceed
until

missionof

In Section

Maou's

last text

find the meaning of the odes in instead of accepting the interpreta to follow and of tion by we know not whom, to absurd enigmas. of them which would reduce many of the Pre the discussion From the large spacewhich

will

not

Choo He, that

odes

cordially concur
we

with

me

in the

principle

of

must

the

themselves, them given

no sub is said upon it ;\342\200\224on of what attempt a summary more divided. scholars of native the views are ject what is now called K'ang-shing, According to Ch'ing \" was '' the Great made by Confucius' disciple

face generally occupies,it is

necessary

that

should

receivedfrom
to
S\303\253eh

got possession of the HOW it is atScholars try to trace it up to Tsze-h\303\253a, and {^^g^ Tsze-hea. consequently through him to Confucius ; but the evidence is not of an equally satisfactory character. The first witness is Sou officer of the State Ching, an or Kingdom of Woo in the period of \" the Three Kingdoms (A.D. 229\342\200\224264),\" who says, as reported by Luh Tih:\342\200\224\" Tsze-h\303\253a handed niing down the She [which he had
Confucius] to

I have traced chapter from its first appearance world of China. literary

the trans
it

to Kaou

H\303\244ng-tsze

Tsfang-tsze account

preface
what

and

; Ts'ang-tsze

to

; H\303\254\303\255ng-tsze M\303\253en M\303\253aon-tsze ;

Tsze-h\303\253a,

and

is called
but

\"

the

Little

preface

\"

was

alsoanother
Tsze-h\303\253a

M\303\253aon-tsze

the elder Maou.\" of the connection

handed

afterwards supplemented is no distinction there Maou. In Maou, however, odes As the between a Great and a Little made

also by

Tsze-h\303\253a,

made
came

by

:\342\200\224\" Tsze-h\303\253a

down

Shin to

down to

him,

the

itself, and when it into portions,

gave

an account of it. In the Kwan ts'eu, or the to

was an additional document by his commentary, he divided he published which to ode the portion every prefixing
Preface

preface.

tsze; Mfing
Seun

Ts\303\244ng

Shin

to Le

this way,
first

however,

the

preface

ode

of the

collection,

was)

K'ing ; and Seun K'ing to the Maou.\" There is no attempt made, so far as I know, on the part of Chinese to reconcile these two critics, genealogies of of Maou's She ; but there is no doubt that, the during Han dynasties, the schoolof Maou did trace their master's))

Chung-tsze

Kcih ; Le K'ih to Mang Chungto Kin Mow-tsze ; Kin Mo\\v-tsze

Luh Tih-ming gives between Maouand the She to Ts\303\244ng

elder

\303\256)

22)

THE

PKEFACE

TO

THE

SHE.)

THE

PREFACE TO THE

SHE.)

23)

text

his note appended to Lew Hin's catalogue of the She; and hence, as the text and the preface came to Maou together,there arosethe view that the latter It became current, \342\200\242was made by that disciple of the sage. was and under his published separately name, indeed, the from odes, so that, in the catalogue of the T'ang \" to the She by Puh Shang, The Preface dynasty, we find

up to

Tsze-h\303\253a.

Yen

Sze-koo

states

it positively in of the copies

have

no

hesitation

in adopting
with

the freer
account
:\342\200\224

views
\"

of which

I conclude this chapter of scholars are much divided as to the Some; ascribe it to Confucius Preface. ;' the of authorship to the historiographers of some and Tsze-h\303\253a ; some to of clear testimony it is im the States. In the absence
Opinions

of Choo

He,

a condensed

choo^ -news on re ace\"

He.g

the

in two
face

the Pre the 2nd sectionof last chapter I have made mention of Wei or Wei Hwang, one of the great Different ac- King-chung scholars who adopted the text of Maou. Han ^f0ft\302\243eep0rt face\302\267 as a connecting link between the serves He westernand eastern dynasties of Han ;\"and in the account \" we are told that of him in the Biographies Literary But there is another
which account

Books,\"

as a

distinct Work.
with

of the
this.

origin of
In

seems

to conflict

par. 4 of

\"

famous for

Hwang

became
the

wardsmade
with

to it, remarkable for the accuracy the meaning of the pieces in the Fung and the Ya, and which is now current in the world.\" A this cannot be gainsayed. If we allow like testimony Maou first made public his text, therewere when that, notes it, yet Hwang must have accompanying prefatory in the to as Maou additions himself, made these, large done. opinion of Ch'ing K'ang-shing,had previously eminent Since the time of Choo He, many scholars, and such as Yen Ts'an in the Sungdynasty, K\303\253ang Pingsentence in the in the present, adopt the first chang the original constituted introduction to each odeas what to dispute. preface, and which they do not feel at liberty odes the the to much was so think that by prefixed They when of the kingdom or of the States, historiographers maintain like they were first collected, and they would of Tsze-h\303\253a. it bore the that I stamp wise, suppose,
Preface which

of his knowledge

the pupil of

Man-k'ing, S\303\253ay

who

was

Maou's

She

; and

he after

it gives

about Wei notice the possible to decidethe point; but of Han the in the dynasties,8 Biographies literary Hwang, would seem to make it clearthat the Preface was his on the other however, work. We must take into account, that the Preface of statement Heuen,3 the Ch'ing hand, with Maou when document appeared existedas a separate it up, prefixing to each ode he broke his text, and that The natural conclusion is to it. the portion belonging from a remote period, down had come Preface the that and roundedit off. to it added that and merely Hwang scholars with this, In accordance generally hold that the the in the introductory notices formed sentences first the which Maou distributed, and that Preface original added. were subsequently portions following \" This view reasonable ; but when we ex appear may
amine

those

first
which

sentences
they

themselves,
the

we

find

some

of

them

which do
baseless

rash and
from

the odes to
the

not agree with

are

obvious

meaning

of

lations

the Preface was made up of private specu and conjectures as to the subject-matterof the and constituted a document by itself, separately ap odes, pended to the text. Then on its first appearance there were current the explanations of the odes which were given in connectionwith the texts of Ts'e, Loo, and Han, so that readers could know that it was the work of later
first,

and give prefixed, writers. the of expositions

merely the Evidently,

a whole
\"

K\303\253ang

calls

these

brief

sentences

\"

the

Old

and

\" the

is often

to question,he calls the Little preface.\"

After

Great preface,\" and the fuller which and appended to \"them,

Appended

preface
which and

explanation

he feels at
preface,\"

liberty \"

the

Ch'ing E-ch'uen (A.D. 1033\342\200\224 The style, he says, 1107) held that the Great preface was made by him. is like that of the appendixesto the Yih, and the ideas are beyond what Tsze-h\303\253a could have enunciated. Wang Tih-shin (later on in the Sung ascribed to Confucius the first sentence of all the introductory dynasty) and called them the Great preface. notices, 2 3 Also adduced above.)) Adduced above.

1 This is No one stated. too broadly was from the hand of Confucius.

has affirmed

that

the Preface as

long

and

extensive

investigation

of the subject,)

THE

PEEFACE

TO THE SHE.)

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABLE

OF THE

ODES.)

25)

But when Maou hands, and not give entire credit to no longer published the Preface as a separatedocument, the notice as a each ode appeared with but introductory it to the to seemed this of the authority give text, portion Then after the other texts disappeared of the text itself. of testing had the field to itself, this means and Maou's existed. no longer notices the accuracy of its prefatory They appeared as if they were the production of the the odes spemed to be made from and poets themselves, Scholars handed down a faith as so many themes. them to in them from one to another, and no one ventured The text was twisted their of a doubt authority. express with them, and and chiseled to bring it into accordance were that would undertake to say plainly they

it.1

APPENDIX.

A TABLE
OF

THE

PIECES
BELONGING

IN THE SHE

CHEONOLOGICALLT

AREANGED.

I.
Five

TO THE SHANG

DYNASTY

...

B.C.

1765\342\200\2241122.

nobody the work of the

1

scholarsof
odes
given

the

Han

dynasty.\" their prefaces,often differing fact.) a very important

That

the other
views

texte, as Maou's,

from the

of the

all had in that, is

odes of Shang. Of the pieces Na (I.), the LeeJi tsoo (II.), and the Ch'angfafi (IV.), the date of the composition is uncertain. I think that the IV. is Ode oldest, and may have beenmade any time after B.C. 1719. The Heuen neamt (III.) and the Tin woo (V.) were made after B.C. 1261. Ode V. should be referred, pro to the reign of Te-yih,B.C. llyO\342\200\2241154. bably,
Sacrificial ;\342\200\224the II. Thirty-four BELONGING TO THE TIME OF KING WAN

1184\342\200\2241134.

or thirty-five pieces. These are com in the three hundred and six pieces of monly included the Chow dynasty ; but we can only date the commence ment of that from the reign of W\303\244n's son, king Woo. The composition, or the collection at least, of most of the Odesrelating to Wan aud his affairs, is attributed to his son Tan, the duke of Chow, and must be referred to the reigns of kings Woo and ... ... Ch'iug These pieces embrace :\342\200\224 In Part I., all the 11 pieces of Book i. :\342\200\224the Kiean, ts'eu, the KoJi fan, the Knien iirJi, the Eete muJi, the the T'ami yaov, the CJmng-sze, 'J^oo tsen, the Fuiv e, the San and the Lln, eJie cite ; and kieang, the Joo fun, 12,or perhaps 13 pieces, of Bookii. :\342\200\224the Ts'euii ch'aoii, the Ts'ae fan, the Ts'auu cTi'ting, the Ts'ae pin, the H\303\244ng loo, the Kaou yang, the Yin k'e lity, the P'eanu yew mei, the Seaou sing, the the Tay yem szc Iteun, Keang yew sze,and the Tsote yu, with perhaps also the

1121\342\200\2241076. \342\200\236

Kan t-ang (V.)

In

Szeiiwtv,
the

Te too.
Ban
I)

II., 8 pieces of Book i. :\342\200\224the Luh ming, the Hicang-htvaiig chay ftiea, the Fall imtlt, T-een paoti, the Ts'ae Ch'uh Iteu, and the me, the
Part the and
of Book i III., 3 pieces the Ling t'ae.) -\342\200\224the Tihp'oh,

In Part
luh,

the

III.
[i.]

TO THE CHOW BELONGING Of the time of king Woo)

DYNASTY.
1121\342\200\2241115.)) \342\200\236

26)

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABLE

OF

THE

ODES.)

CHEONOLOGICAL

TABLE

OF

THE

ODES.)

27)

the Kan
In

In all 8 or 9 pieces, viz.\342\200\224 In Part I., Book ii., the Ho pe

mtny e, and

perhaps

II., the the Hwa shoo,and

Part

t'ang.

Nan

line of

the

date

of these pieces is not certain. In Part III., the Meen,the Sze ehac, and the Hiding e, all in Book i. B.C. ... [ii.] Of the time of king Ch'ing In all 60 pieces, viz.\342\200\224 In Part I., all the seven pieces of Book xv., the Ts'ih yneh, the Ch'e-heaou, the Tung shan, the POfoo, All these the fah Tin, the Kern yUi, and the Lang jioJt. are assignedto the duke of Chow iu the reign of Ch'ing. In Part II., ten pieces:\342\200\224the Chang te, of Book i. ; the Sung Jt'eiv, the the Yew h\303\244ng, the Nan yen hea-yn, Nan shan yew t'ae, the Yen; e. the Luh seavn, and the Chan loo, of Book ii. ; the T\"img hung, and the Ts'itigts'ing ngo, of Book iii. Of these ten pieces, duty the date of all but the Choo He thinks that however, first is uncertain. In Part twelve Wan mang, the Ta pieces :\342\200\224the and the Wan n-ang the Hea \316\212\316\232\316\237\316\237, ming. yew shing, of Book i. ; the Sang min, the Hung wei, the Ke titmj, the Hoc e, the Kea loft, the Knng Lew, the Ilenng choh, antl the Reven o, of Book ii. the pieces of In Part IV. thirty-one pieces, viz.\342\200\224all the Wei T'een che Book i. [i.] :\342\200\224the mean\302\273, Ts'ing the Wei ts'ing, the Lech man, the T'cen tsoh, the ming, Haou Teen y em ch'ing ming (assigned by Choo He to the time of king K'ang), the Go tseang, the Site mae (as signed by Choo to the time of king Woo), the Chili king (assigned by Choo to the time of king Ch'aou), and Shin the Szeman : all the piecesof Book i. [ii.] :\342\200\224the

\316\245\317\205 le, of

Book i. ; the Plh Book ii., though

hn-a,
the

of Wei ; but ChooHe would to the time of duke K'ing the time of king P'ing. place it later in [vi.] Of the time of the above king E, or of king

Le

pieces, all thoseof Part I., Book xiii., but Choo Kaou k'ew, date :\342\200\224the considers them to be of uncertain the Slit yew ch'ang ts'oo, and the Fei the Sao J\303\255ivan,
Four
1114\342\200\2241076.

...

...

...

... ...
Le

\302\273.

...

B.C.

893\342\200\2248\302\253.

...

fung.

In all, eleven pieces,viz.\342\200\224 Ytten If em, and the Two in Part I., Bookxii. :\342\200\224the Choo considers both these as of ehe fun. Tung 11111\302\273,

[vii.] Of the

time

of king

...

...

...

877\342\200\224841. \342\200\236

uncertain date.
Four

(correctly the and

Shih yueh che heaou in Part II. :\342\200\224the assigned by Choo to the time of king Yew), Yu woo citing (Choo would also assign a later date to this), in Book iv. ; the Seaou min, and the Reaon yt/en, both considered by Choo to be of uncertain pieces

date, in
Five

Bookv.

III.,

and the Min lam\303\255, in Part III. :\342\200\224the Pan, of Bookii. ; the Tang, the Yih (correctlyassigned the Sang yew by Choo to the time of king P'ing) ; and of Book iii. ... ... Of the period Kung-ho ... [viii.] of Part I., Book x., but One piece, the Sih tsiiii Choo considers the date to be uncertain. ... Of the time of king Seuen ... [ix.] pieces

840\342\200\224827. \342\200\236

826\342\200\224781. \342\200\236

pieces, viz.\342\200\224 Twenty-five Pih chow of Book iv. ; In Part I., five pieces :\342\200\224the to Choo uncertain) ; the Keu, lin of Book xi. (according and the the Tung mun che c7\303\255'e, the H\303\244ng and M\303\273n, Tung m-iin che yang, of Book xii., all accordingto Clioo uncertain.

by Choo to the time of king K'ang), the Cliin loo, the Fung iieen. the Yen koo,the Tit'een, the Yung (assignedby Choo to the time of king Woo), the Tsae iieen, the Yew h'ih, and the Woo; and Min yu seaou tsze, all the pieces of Book i. [iii.] :\342\200\224the ktmg, the

he

(assigned

shoo, the

the Tang

loh,

the

King

Leanrj

sze, the

che, the Seaotipe, the Tsae Sze e, the Choit, the Hican, the
king

Lae, and
[iv.]
Five

the
Of

Pan.
the time of
in

(|j^

^)

...

...
ming,

933\342\200\224909. \342\200\236

the Scuen, the Choo, the Tung fang che jih, and the All these are supposed to belong Tung fang we ming. to duke Gae of Ts'e or his times,but Choo He considers their date uncertain. ... Of the time of king E ... [v.] ^H) (\303\214\303\210p|
One piece,

pieces, all

Part

I. Book

viii.:\342\200\224the Ke

893\342\200\224878. \342\200\236

the Pih

chow

of Part

I., Bookiii.,

the Meen s\303\261miy (ace. to Hoh ming (ace. to Choo un certain) ; in Book iv., the K'e foo, the Pih Jteu, the k'e yay, the Sze kan, and Hnang neaon, the Go h\303\244ng the Woo yang, all according to Choo of uncertain date. In Part \316\240\316\231., six pieces, viz.\342\200\224 The Yun han, the Sung hann, the Ching min, the Han yih, the Keang han, and the Chang troc,all in Book iii., and all admitted by Choo but the Han yih, of which he considersthe date uncertain. ... ... [x.] Of the time of king Yew In all forty-two pieces,viz.\342\200\224 Book iv., the Tseehnan Of Part II. 40 pieces:\342\200\224in shan,, and the Ching yveh (Choo considers the date of for)) this uncertain, but there is some internal evidence

(accordingto Choouncertain),
Choo uncertain),
and

In Part II., fourteen pieces, vin.\342\200\224 the Ts'ae li'e, the Keu In Book iii,, the lath yueh, leaou the 'fing the Keih jih, the Hung yen, iimig,
the

780\342\200\224770. \342\200\236

assigned)

28) its

CHRONOLOGICAL being
of

TABLE

OF

THE

ODES.)

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABLE OF

THE

ODES.)

29)

pill, the

Seaoupiean,
Kuli

and the SJiang-shang chay of all which Choo Ima, the assigned date, exceptingin the case of the Kvu denies chiing ; in Book vii., the Sang hoo. the Yuen yang, the Eweipecn, the Keu Tieah, the Ts'ing ying, the Pin che t\302\273oo yen, the Tu ts'aou, the Ts'ae shuJi, the Keoll lamg, and the Tu7i lew,\342\200\224hut of these Choo allows only the fin che tsooyen to he capable of determinate reference to the time of Yew ; and in Book viii., the Tvojin sze, the Ts-ae lull, the Shoo mea.au (referred by Choo to the time of king Seuen), the Sill sang, the Pill lima, the 3Ieenman, the Hoo yell, the Ts-eentseen eke sliili, the T'eamiche and the Ho ts'aoupall Juvang, but Choo only agrees hwa, in assigning the Pill, hiea and the Ho ts'aou puh Imang to Yew's reign. In Part III., Book iii., two pieces;\342\200\224theChenjang and the Shaoti min. Of the time of king P*ing B.C. [xi.] In all 28 pieces, viz.\342\200\224 In Part I., 1 in Book iii.,\342\200\224the Luh e ; 3 in Book v.,\342\200\224 the K~e yuli, the K'ami pman, and the Sliili jilt, but Chooconsiders the date of the Raoupnan to be uncer 6 in Book vi.,\342\200\224the Shoo le, the Keun-txze yu tain; the the Yang che shivuy, y'ili, the Eeuii-ts-e yang-yang, Ciiung laili yen t'uy, and the Eah luy, of which Choo agrees in the assignment of one only, the Yang die t Amity ; 7 in Book vii.,\342\200\224the Tsze e, the Tseang chungtsze,the SltuJt yu t'een, the Ta slmli yu t'een, the Kaou the Neu, yueli lie tiling, of Wem, the Tsun ta loo,and which Choo allows the assignment of the Tsze e, the STiukyu t'een, and the Ta sliuli yu t'een ; 7 in Book x.,\342\200\224 the Slum yem cii'oo, the Yang che shnuy, the Tseanw leaou, the Chmv mom, the Te too, the Kaou ft'ew, and of which Choo agrees in the assignment the Paou yu\302\267, \303\255 in only of the Yang die shieuy and the Tscaouleaon Book xi.,\342\200\224the Sze t'eeh, the Seaou the Keen Itea, jung, and the Clmng nan, Chooallowing only the Seaoujung. [xii.] In the reign of king P'iug, or king Hwau Seven pieces, all of Part I., Book ix., and all, accord Eoh keu, the Hicun ing to Choo, of uncertain date ;\342\200\224the tseu joo, the Yuen yem t'amt, the Cliili hoc, the Shih che \303\254teen, mom the Fall, fan, and the Sliih shoo.

the Luh go, the Ta tung, and the fling, the date of all of which is with Choo uncer tain; in Book vi., the Pill shan, the WHO tseang ta lien, the Seaouming, the Euo eliung, the Ts'oots'ze, the Sin nan shan, the Foo Peen, the Ta t'een, the Clien pe Lvh e,

the time of-king Yew) ; in Book v., the the K'eaou yen, the Hojin sze, the Heang

Sze yueli,

769\342\200\224719.)

the yero Tt'oo y eh, the Kuhfung, the Shili \316\267\302\267\316\265, k'erv, the Keen Tie, the Ts'euen shwuy, the Pih the Tsingneu, the Sin t'ae, and the the Pihfung, mun, of which Choo allows only the Urh tsie shing dun\302\273, date assigned to the Yen yen, the Jih yueli, the Clmng \302\267 and the Keih Two ; \316\257 in Book iv.,\342\200\224the fnng, Ts'eang yew tsze, the Keim-tszelieae loan, the Sang divng, and hut the the Shun die punpun, in regard to all of which Sang ciiung Choo coincides ; 5 in Book v.,\342\200\224the Mang, the Cliuli han, the Hman lan, the Pill lie, and the Yew of uncertain date ; 3 in Book vi., Two, all ace. to Choo T'oo yuen, the Ts'ae hill, and the Ta heit, also of \342\200\224the date with Choo; in Book vii.,\342\200\224the uncertain Yem neu with him uncertain ; and lieu, and the Keen sliang, t'u\303\254ig Moo mun, whose date Chooin the 1 in Book xii.,\342\200\224the same way does not think can be determined. ... 695\342\200\224681. [xiv.] Of the time of king Chwang Fifteen pieces, all in Part I., vi\303\274.\342\200\224 in Book K'em 1 vi.,\342\200\224the chvng yem ma, with Choo all with Choo uncertain,\342\200\224 uncertain ; 8 in Book vii., the Shan yemfoo soo, the T'oh he, the Kcami t'lnig, the Fung, the Tung mun die shen, the Fling yii, the Tsze li'iii, and the Yang die sJiwuy ; and 6 in Book viii., the date and occasion of the 2nd and 3rd of which only are deemed uncertain by Choo.\342\200\224the Nan shan, the Foo the Loo ling, the Pe Itoto, the Tsae itmeu, aud the teen,
:

... B.c.

E tscay.

[xv.] Of the

time

of king

769\342\200\224696.)

Five pieces, all in Part I., viz.\342\200\224 3 in Book vii., all with Choo uncertain,\342\200\224the CWiili k-e tung mun, the Yay yew man ts'aov, and the Tain ivei in Book x., the date assignedto the former of which is admitted by Choo, the Woo e, and the Yew te die too ... ... [xvi.] Of the time of king Hwuy Twelve pieces, all in Part I., viz.\342\200\224 5 in Book iv., all admitted by Choo,\342\200\224the Ting che fang diung, the Te tung, the Scang shoo, the Kan titaoii, and the TgaecJi'e in Book v., with Choouncertain, \342\200\224the Muh laea ; 1 in Book vii., admitted by Choo, the Ts'ing j-in; 2 in Book x., with Choouncertain,\342\200\224the Koli sang and the Ts'ae ling ; 2 in Bookxii., with Choo uncertain,\342\200\224the Fang yew ts'eoh ch'aou, and the Yueh eh'uh ; and 1 in Book xiv., also with Choo uncertain,\342\200\224 the Fom yem.

Le qj||

j\302\243)

...

680\342\200\224676. \342\200\236

.
676\342\200\224C31. \342\200\236

; 1

In the reign of king \316\227\316\233\316\245 an [xiii.] Thirty-two pieces, all of Part 1., viz.\342\200\224 17 in Book iii. :\342\200\224the the Yen yen, the Jih yueli, die,) Cliungfung, the Keih Two, the K'aefung, the Heiing

718\342\200\224G96.)

... 650\342\200\224618. [xvii.] Of the time of king Seang \342\200\236 In all thirteen pieces,of which 9 are in Part I., viz.\342\200\224 1 in Book v., admitted Ho Itirang ; 5 by Choo,\342\200\224the in Book xi., of which Choo admits only the first and fourth,\342\200\224the the Woo e, neaov, the Shin-fung, Hmang the
Wei

...

yang,

and the

E'euen yu

; 3

in Bookxiv.,

of))

so) which

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABLE

OF

THE

ODES.)

THE

RHYME

AND

METEE OF

THE PIECES.)

81)

the Choo accepts only the first,\342\200\224the Hmv-jin, She-kern, and the Sea ts'euen. In Part IV., the 4 piecesof Book ii., in the occasion Choo agrees,\342\200\224 for the first and last of which assigned and the Pel the Keutu/, the Yew peih, the P>van-s7i>vuy,
Tiling.

CHAPTER
605\342\200\224585.)

III.

Two

the Book

the tune of king Ting Part I., viz.\342\200\224 Chou lin, admitted by Choo, and the Tsih p'o in
Of [xviii.] pieces in
xii.)

B.c.

THE

ICAL

METRE OE THE PIECES ; THEIRPOET PRINCIPLE ON WHICH THE PRESENT VERSION OE THEM HAS BEEN CERTAIN MADE; PECULIARITIES IN THEIR STRUCTURE.
RHYME

AND

VALUE;

The editors of the imperial edition of the present dynasty say : \" difficult to of the odes it was found The dates of the composition after the fires of Ts'in, and so we find them variously examine thoroughly assigned by the writers of the Han, T'ang, and other dynasties. \" the text of the its appearance along with But the old Preface made

1. I
Book

HAVE

of Poetry

Poems, and Maou, Ch'ing,and K'ung Ying-tah maintained and defended there the dates assigned in it, to which may be belongs what authority derived -from its antiquity. \" When Choo He took the She in hand, the text of the poems was consideredby him to afford the only evidence of their occasion and date, and where there was nothing decisivein it, and no evidence afforded by de these points uncertain other classical Books,he pronounced ;\342\200\224thus ciding according to the exercise of his own reason on the several pieces. \" notices of Ch'ing, but dis Sew followed the introductory Gow-yang Heu K'c'en, and and reasoned on the subject at the same time. puted Lew Kin followed the authority of Choo,now and then slightly differing from him. \" of the text of the the ' Old meanings In the Ming dynasty appeared of Ho K'eae, adducing abundance by arranged She,' chronologically erroneous views. We have in thia work testimonies, but with many collectedthe old assignments of the Preface, supported by Maou, Ch'ing, The opinions and K'ung, and given due place to the decisionsof Choo. of we have preserved,but have not entered on any discussion of others

tended much about

length, on tlie Prosody of larger work. In this volume, for English readers, it is not to necessary
written

at

the

in my

in say in and

it.

Rhyme has always been a characteristicof China ; and all the earliest at poetical attempts tion were of the same form,\342\200\224in lines consisting
nature

verse

composi
Metre

is any
of

the

of four words, forming, from of the language, four syllables. marked deviation from this type, as a relic of antiquity becomes piece
of

the

Ehvme\302\267

Wherever there the genuineness

liable

picion.
She,

to sus

four words is the normal measure of the not invariably adhered to. We have in one ode, according to the judgment of many native scholars, a line of only one word in each of its stanzas. Lines of of three, of five, of six, of seven, two, and even of eight

This line

but it is

them.\

parts from the

then

characters, occasionally occur.

normal

When

the

tinues his innovation

relapses

law for

of two

aware

takes

constructed and balanced.

usual form. He is evidently of his deviation from that, and the stanzas where it placeare in general found to be symmetrically
into

the metre, he or three more

poet

once de

the

often con lines, and

2.

The

pieces, properly his

as printed, so,

\342\200\224and

such

He did
rhyme, allusive,

division

In most

was first made by Maou. Chang. well, guided mainly by the and by the character of the piece as or metaphorical.
work

though

appear divided into the Han scholars

stanzas ; say that

anzas'

narrative,

pieces the stanzas are

of

uniform

length,

and))

THE

RHYME

AND

32)

THE RHYME quatrains

AND

METRE

OF THE

METEE OF

THE

PIECES.)

33)

PIECES.)

authors allowed themselves as in that of of the stanza as much liberty rare are ; and those lines two of very the line. Stanzas ode One so. less are or only three of triplets, lines, another in and two of lines, made up of stanzas occurs, We have three three such stanzas follow three quatrains. is occasionally stanza this and odes made up of triplets, Stanzas of of others length. greater introduced among the form sometimes They lines five occur, but not often. intermixed sometimes are and of whole pieces, structure of ten, and of Stanzas of six lines, of eight, others. with extend found are Some with. met twelveare frequently seventeen. and sixteen to even and ing to fourteen lines, un Those of seven lines, of nine, and of eleven, are all
frequently

; but the in the length

Where one or more lines at the commencement [vi.] of the different stanzas of a piece, or their concluding with one another. In all the instances lines, rhyme adduced to illustrate this case, however, we have not a concord of the rhymes, but the repetition of the merely lines. whole
; [vii.] What we call medial rhymes occur occasionally in a few instances the membersof different lines rhyme in this way at the csesural pause. Without specifying other characteristics,I may say there are throughout that the pieces multitudes of lines, sometimes do not rhyme one, and sometimes more, which with any others in the same stanza. The piecesof Part IV. have several of them do not peculiarities. Many admit of a stanzaic there are at least ; and arrangement eight in which there is no attempt at rhyme. We may consider such disregard of rhyme as an approach to the structure of blank verse; but while every other irregu in the ancient odes has found imitators, I am not larity aware that this has received any favour. So far from the Chinese having for rhyming, such as any contempt Milton when he called it \"a jingling sound of expressed \" a like troublesome bondage,\" they consider endings,\"

and

usual.

with an odd. those lines greatly outnumber I could con wherever version, In the present metrical of the stanzas the made I have to attain it, veniently Some expansion, same length asin the originalChinese. ; con seemed to be necessary has frequently however,

Generally

speaking,

stanzas

with

an

even

num

ber of

densation

has

seldom
in received

been
which much

3. The manner
Disposition tiie Rhymes. of

possible. the rhymes are disposed has from the Chinese attention

others, [i.] lines, more

and have been pointed lines rhyme Where up &c., occasionally

critics

the following
out :\342\200\224 in succession

cases, among

it essentialto
In

[ii.]
those

Where

the

rhyming

lines

lines intervening all. at not rhyming

intervening,

to twelve. lines are interrupted by one \316\277\316\271\302\267 them ; with which do not rhyme
differently

; two, three, four

rhyming

together,

or

[iii.] [iv.]

Where Where Where

the the the

[v.]
or

less

quatrains

of five stauzas then and rhyme, lines, the of six lines, the others In fourth, and fifth. the second, and then the second, fourth, first and third will rhyme, The sixth. and regularities, or rather irregularities, fifth, are very numerous.) kind of this gether,

and the
first

Some pieces are of regularity. lines and third first the proper,

contains stanza contains stanza different rhymes

only one rhyme, two or more rhymes, alternate, with more

made

up

of

rhyming

to

second and
third

fourth.

In.

and

will sometimes

version, as in the proseoneof my larger made no attempt to adhere to the length of the original or to adopt their rhymes. The dif lines, ferent attributes of the Chinese and English languages made it impossible to do so. In passingfrom this sub venture to say that the nature of Chinese ject, I will is at the best but ill adapted for the purpose of agreeable in an rhyme. It doesnot admit the variety that is found alphabetical language, and which is to us one of the charms of poetical composition. The single rhyming in endings English are about 360 ; and if we add to them the double and triple rhymes, where the accent falls on the penultimate syllables, they cannot come short of 400. In on the other hand, the rhyming are Chinese, endings very few. Those of the Bookof Poetry are under twenty. There is, indeed,in Chinesea greaternumber of words or characters to any one endingthan in other languages, and scholars have produced in which the compositions
the present work,

poetry.

I have

VOL.

III.

3))

\\

I)

THEIR same tudes

POETICAL

VALUE.)

PRINCIPLE
Multi

ON WHICH

PRESENT

VERSION

IS MADE.

35

occurs a ending of the rhymes, assonances,

merely

hundred times and more. ear however, are to a foreign of a prolonged and the effect is that
the cmicernant

monotony.

4. In the

Treatiseon

\342\200\242which the

it is said, \"The poetry of

The poetical value of the Book of Poetry.

\"M\303\251moires

of the Chinese, antiquity les Chinois\" commence,

with

most primitive simplicity, and that the principal which the collection possesses arises from its of manners ; but there are not a few pictures pieces which from the pathos of their de may be read with pleasure
the
interest

the

She

an<^ harmonious, of antiquity rules ^ \302\267> tures

o\303\255 manners

. that

the lovely and sublime tone in it so continually, its pic\302\267 .. \302\277 S are so naive and minute,

King

is so beautiful

its authenticity. in the following

that The less can this be heldin doubt I will not say ages we find nothing, but worthy to be odes, nothing equal to these ancient connoisseurs sufficient them. are not with We compared to pronounce betweenthe SheKing on the one side and to Pindar and Homeron the other; but we are not afraid in speaking say that it yields only to the Psalmsof David a of virtue, of of the Divinity, &c., with Providence, of ideas an and elevation of expressions magnificence the ravish which make the passions cold with terror, senses.\" the of the the soul from and draw sphere spirit,

all these

characteristics

give

sufficient

attestation

of

the compositionsin of David is peculiarly

Such language is
The

extravagant,

and

the \"

\"

Book

of Poetry

unfortunate.

gious poems.
small

which constitute a Songs,\" \"religious,\" describedas be may of the founders themes the heroic have to was them. House of Chow and the worship which paid In these, arid in many of the other pieces, God often ap as the righteous and sovereign Lord of Providence ; pears He for what but the writers never make Him their theme is in Himself, and do not rise to the conception of Him \" for) blessed as \" over all,\" China and other nations,
Praise of them, and part for their principal

of comparison to the Psalms are not reli They

the
\"

wider applicationto the pieces. Thecriticallabour neces in ray sary to secure accuracy of translation larger work alive to their beauty. The kept me from being sufficiently renewedstudy which every poem has received, and flio endeavour to give an adequate rendering of it in English of many beauties verse, have resulted in the perception which I did not previously appreciate. I shall be dis if my readers do not agree with me in think appointed that in China's ancient Odes, Ballads, ing Songs,and Bardic Effusions there is much poetry of a high order. 5. Sir John Davis in the Treatise referred to contends, \" that verse must be the shapeinto which above, Chinese, as well as other poetry,must be converted, in order to do it mere justice,\"adding that he himself, while giving now a pruse a faithful now metrical \303\274vrsion, translation, and now an avoiced paraphrase, has deferred more thau his judgment and inclinations approved to the prejudices of those who are partial to the literal side of the ques tion. When I had resolved to publish ihe present piece should be a ^r^rS'oiuLS faithful metrical of the original. I becn raad6 version at first of re-publishing, side by side with thought each in piece, the prose translation work ; but this my larger plan was abandoned, as it would have made the book
the
volume,

boldness and frequency of their figures. I expressed myself to the above effect in writing about the poetical value of the She in 1871, and I have now to re-affirm the judgment with a greater and a emphasis,

of scriptions,their expressions

natural

feeling,

and

the

I had

no hesitation

rendering

of every

in deciding that

Principie

ou

ever.)

wrong to deny to the Chineseodes It is true amount of poetical merit. a very considerable has said in his of them, as Sir John Davis that many \"Treatise on the Poetry of the Chinese,\"1 do not rise above
But it wouid be
The Poetry of the Chinese, p. 35 (London, 1870). This interesting Treatise was first published nearly fifty years ago. It had the merit of the subject of Chinese poetry to the English public ; and may) introducing
1

larger

than

was

the attention

was intended. They they have here no

well

of the

desirable,
majority

and would
of

only

have

distracted

the

readers
the

may

rest

assured,

paraphrase, but

for whom it however, that ut' the poems

side by side with the author's two volumes on \" The Chinese,\" in the \" Library of Kntertainmg Knowledge \" in 18.'!C. Fuller descriptions of China and the Chinese have since appeared, but none with, the sume literary finish which we find in these volumes.))
stand

published

36

PEINCIPLE

ON WHICH

PKESENT

VEESION

IS MADE. with
often

PECULIAEITIES

IN THEIE STEUCTUKE.)

37)

Chinese writers presented to them little introduction of ideas of my own

faithfully,

as
hard

or of
to of

it

was

possible

to

attain

to.

master,

in as
which

permit, it was necessaryto

are not
found

good English verseas the nature

employ

and as it

was our
in

Rhyme is
occasionally

my helpers as
a

it was still Nor did it

advice of
She, which

dealt

with

themes

which

endeavour

give the the case

my duty to show to me that appear

they

could not make to how they liad treated

shine,
them.
the
in

pieces would

Horace, touching me more nearly,

Nee destiles
Unacjjcdem

might make me take warning

there was

anything

from

that

other

the

Chinese

While much been done sparingly. of have been a misrepresentation been translation would often have There not only so ; it would also have been unfaithful. the ear ; meets is more in the words of the text than nature the it be more correct to say, from peculiar might the eye. meets of the Chinese characters, than Apart even from the satirical pieces, and the allusive pieceson I shall which presently touch, in translating Chinese to regard what was in the one has constantly poetry
mind

text, but this has would amplification a bad the original, And mere doggerel.

epithets

prvferrc

piidor

imitator in arctmn, tetet, ant operls lex.

of

the

writer.

It was
transferred

my

in the notes in out there had

far

object to

to
what

to be
But

my

larger
this

work ;
also

and

bring
was

this out
brought

the

stanzas

present version.
as

has

been

of the done only so

seemed

valuable

in getting rny nephews, of whose have spoken in the Preface, to enter fully into my views of what their versions should their versions, the be ; and occasionally I had to re-cast in merit to what inferior result being poetical

I had

some difficulty
assistance

indispensable.
I

pieces

they

had

sented the

produced,
original

but

which

thought

better

repre
text

There are, indeed, pieces in it which no treatment could make to \" shine,\"and others which be might described as narrow and entrance into which cramping, is difficult and graceful exit from them all but impos sible. My friend and others, seeing this, advised that I should publish a selection of the pieces,and not the whole of them. But this was forbidden \"the law by of the work,\" as a reproduction in Englishverseof the translation of the Book of Poetry. And as I pursued my task, even the poorerodes became clothedwith an attractiveness which I did not I previously perceive. would not now say,as I did in 1871, that \"the collection as a whole is not worth the trouble of versifying.\" The no doubt, versification, might have been executed better than I and my coadjutors have succeeded in doing; but our such as they are, will, I labours, hope, satisfy my that these ancient Chinese readers, as a poems have, whole, not a little poetical merit. At any rate they have those poems, and not others made by paraphrase from them. Chinese ;
mind

If the dress be
while

English,

the

voice

Chinese.

Kong, having himself no and condemning the adherenceto the I contend, even to the extent for which

A correspondent little of the poetical

letter
Et

in Hongfaculty,
of

much could

may

be learned

and

manners

the

referred
qn\305\223

to the

words of

Horace

in his Iractata

De Arte

Po\303\251tica,

Desperat Horace, an.

nitescere posse, relinqidt.

howover, original

is poet

which

But I was intending to which counsel come before the publicnot as an original poet, but as a of what Chinese poets wrote verse translator in English thousand three and two between years ago. If they)
he suggests.

giving his view of the course should pursue, and I agreein the

of of the odes in the first Part of the She. The different stanzas of a pieceoften the convey substantially same idea, which is repeatedagain and ,.' 6 again ... . \342\200\236 \302\267 ,. .,, ii -, Peculiarities 9m with little in the in the structure change ihe oi language, the pleces\302\267 writer wishes to and he prolong his ditty, effects his purpose by the substitution of a fresh rhyme,

6.

the bulk

Nothing

of feudal be more

China.
simple
than

from them of the

the

is always

structure

the

ation but

preceding
what an

stanza
is

There is his rhyme

rendered

xiv.,

where

amusing the poet to

say

that

with no other alter necessary by the new term. instance in the third ode of Book is compelled by the necessities of

re-appearing

the young

of the

turtle-dove

are))

38)
seven

PECULIARITIES

IN

THEIK

STRUCTURE.)

PECULIARITIES
each,
for

IN THEIR

STEUCTUEE.)

G9)

Some of the piecesin the other Parts In those Parts, characteristic. best ex afford the which others there however, III. of Part The first of Chinese piece poetry. amples in the in as Chinese, remarkable is being constructed, same way as the 121st and other step Psalms, as they form been have called, the concluding line of \"one stanza next. In other the of one the pieces commencing ing to the same form. there is an approximation
in number.
by

are marked

the same are many

the

stanza has most part

in

the

animal

where follow, as in I. i. IV., the verses with Like or

proceeds to his proper subject. lines convey a meaning harmonizing

an

allusive lines peculiar to itself. Theseare descriptive of some objectorcircumstance the poet them or vegetable world, and after
Generally,

the

allusive

with

As.

phorical,

but

the

difference

between an
in

They are in
the

English

which would poet begin

the

lines

reality

meta

allusive

and

Throughout the book the pieces are

themselves a narrative
out,

metaphorical
while

among In
right

as narrative,

manner,

writing without

mind.

such because It is not to be supposed, however, other two classes, that the from are distinguished pieces use the metaphor the anther does not, at his pleasure,

to say he has piece the poet says what it down in a simple, straightforward in his any hidden meaning reserved

metaphorical, or alhisive.

distinguished

He uses and other figures of speechin their composition. them as freely as descriptive poetsin any other language. In a metaphorical piece the poet has under his lano-uage

meaning

to indicate. Such a piece may it is ^sopic fable ; but while

to

from d\303\256n\303\250rent meaning there should be which

what
be

it

nothing in the language

the

expresses,\342\200\224a

inculcate

historical
phorical

done in the a com such of best The of these case specimen pieces. Part where of ode Book second the I., is xv., position reared hear we young, only the plaint of a bird, whose have been destroyed by an owl, and who toil, by her with
of the

fable is subjoined

the virtues of morality interpretation has to be pieces of the She. Often,

to

object of the
and

compared

to

the

fable

prudence,
the

an
meta

sought for
moreover,

the

moral

it, which

never is

volume, enabled me to see a goodand suitable in many .lines, of whoseforce I had previously but a dim and vague and even in some perception, lines where the meaning had eluded all the critics. My rule has beento bring out in the English verse the con lines nexion betweenthe allusive and those that follow ; and this is the principal reason why my stanzas are than of those the Chinese text. Occa frequently longer
present
meaning enjoyed

the theme which he is occupied state with, such intimation is given in the latter. Some it is difficult to discover the metaphorical times,however, in the allusive lines, and we can only deal with element them as a sort of refrain, placed at the begin strangely to say that ning of the verses. Chinese critics do not scruple are many cases in which it is impossible there to find any in the allusive lines akin to what is subsequently meaning said. I cannot that the poets however, myself, persuade wrote in such a random style ; and the fresh ever and in careful study of each piece, required the preparing

piece is

this,\342\200\224that

former

the poet

proceeds to
no

no addition to show it. been obliged to leave the connexion

have made
myself

sionally,

where

the

connexion

was

sufficiently More

evident, rarely,

have

unable

is

also be destroyed. the of History, that however, duke of Chow, intendedhimself by the bird,

afraid

that

her nest
the

will

We know,
the

from

Book

writer,

he had
his

wished in the pieceto

vindicate

the

stern

and that he course which

adopted

to

put

down

the

rebellion
than a

of some
the couple

of

allusive pieces are more numerous They often commence with taphorical. lines which are repeated without change,
The

brothers.

me of

rhythmical changes, in all the stanzas. In other

or

with

slight
pieces)

further that the allusive,the metaphorical, and the narra tive elements sometimesall occur in the same piece. Chinese critics make a further distinctiou of the pieces, especially in the first three Parts, into correct and changed, or piecesof an age of good government, and piecesof a degenerate age. Such a distinction was made at a very time early ; but it is of little importance. Many pieces ranked in the second and inferior are in their spirit class and style equal, and more than equal, to any in the other.))

In leaving

to perceive

this subject, it is

it.

in obscurity,
necessary

as being
to

only

say

\316\212!)

40)

THE CHINA

OF

THE

BOOK OF

FOETEY.)

41)

CHAPTER

TV.
OF

THE CHINA OF
RELATION

THE BOOK
THE

POETRY,

CONSIDERED
TERRITORY,

IN

TO

EXTENT

OF ITS

AND

ITS

POLITICAL

STATE; ITS

AND RELIGION;

SOCIAL

CONDITION.

prefixed to this chapter will of the extent of the kingdom of give to which the was as it China period during Chow,\342\200\224of of The China of Poetry belongs. Book the The terrltory of the kingdom call China proper, what we \" the present day, \302\267 Chow. \302\267 rr,o\302\243 i \316\271 \317\205 , be the eighteen provinces, may embracing and in general terms as lying betweenthe 20th described and 121st 100th the and north of latitude, 40th degrees an area of about of east longitude, and containing degrees of the Chow dynasty 1,300,000 square miles. The China of latitude, and 38th parallels lay between the 33rd and The degrees of longi the 106thand 119th of longitude. in it were thus about two-thirds of the included tude the territory and the 20 degreesof latitude of ; present It extended nearly of Chow embraced no more than five. and boundaries on the north of the to the limit present course of the from the was it because north, along west, had come settlers Chinese first the that the Yellow river,
1. A
GLANCE

at

the

the

reader

an idea

map

into

the

Yellow river
followers

country,
that

and
the

it was
chiefs
way

of the
to

again
the

from

the

west
and

of the
their

Chow family
east,

sides of that river, which had of H\303\253a the to been occupied, nearly sea,by the dynasties of the The and departmental present position Shang. which neighbourhood we find duke Lew city of Pin-chow,in of in the beginning with his people emerging into notice, our era, is given as in lat. 35\302\260 before the 18th century

sion of

pushed
tracts

their

and took

posses

the

on both

4',

and The

in connection

under the Chow dynasty into in of which we read so much

with

46'. long. 105\302\260 She says nothing

of the division the nine

the

of
Chow

the
or

country

provinces,

third

Part of

the

labours

of Yu.

Four times in

the Shoo,
the))

42)

THE

CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OP

POETET.)

THE

CHINA OF

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

43)

Books of Chow in the She that famous is men personage tioned with honour,1 but the sphere in which his action is referred to does not extendbeyond in the the country it turns to flow to the neighbourhood of the Ho before east, and there is reason to believe that he did hereac a most meritorious work. Twice he is men complish in the sacrificial odes of Shang,and tioned there the of him are on a larger scale, without dis but predicates tinct specification ; but T'ang, the founder of the dynasty, \" nine is represented as receiving from God the regions,'\"2 \" \"3

and appointed to be a modelto the nine circles of the land. These nine regions and nine circles were the nine Cliow of the Shoo; and no probably though similar the first language is found in the She respecting of Chow, their dominion, according to the Official kings book of the dynasty,4 was divided into nine provinces, seven of which bear the samenames as thosein the Shoo. have no Seu-chow, We which extended along the sea on

king's

in a of Bookiii., Part TH., relates, an expedition conducted ardour, the States of the south to reduce in person by king Seuen to order; but it was all confined to the region of Seu, and in that to operations against the barbaroushordesnorth The 8th ode of the same Book gives an Hwae. of the sent by the saine king Seueu of an expedition, account where the the an earl of Shaou, to start from under point tribes south of the to act Han and unite, against K\303\253ang to open up the the Hwae, between it and the K\303\253ang, and model of the country and establishStates in it after the

picion. manner

The 9th ode

of

full

military

the eastfrom
of

IVing-chow

scholars tell
the vince

that it was absorbed in the Ts'ing pro In the same way that Yu's they say on the to his west, L\303\253ang-chow extending Yung-chow, was absorbedin Chow's The number of nine Yung. Yu's K'e-chow in the provinces was kept up by dividing to the east, Ping in the west, and north into three ;\342\200\224Kfe and centre. The disappearance in the north of Seu Yew that the kings of Chowhad and L\303\253ang su\303\255Bciently shows no real sway over the country embraced in them ; and of Yang and King, extending south names the though it was merely a retention the K\303\253ang, were from retained, as indeed the dominion of China south of of the names, times had never been anything but the K\303\253ang in earlier is also the last The last ode of the She, which nominal. of the Shang dynasty, makes men odes of the Sacrificial of the tribes of King, or Kingtion of the subjugation
Tso-chuen, of Chow.

us,

contrary

to

to the the

K\303\253ang river,

and

Chinese

evidence

of the

She and

was done \" as far as the therefore beyond extend southern Sea,\" of the same still Ode of the 5th, the mouth K\303\253ang. of an uncle of king the appointment Book, describes and the measures taken to of Shin, Seuen to be marquis establishhim there, with his chief town in what is now as a bulwark the department of Nan-yang, Ho-nan, wild tribes of the south. of the the encroachments against
own

State.

All

this

which

did

not

Now

Seuen

was

merit,

and is

celebrated as
than

a sovereign

of extraordinary vigour
restored and

and

to its

disastrously
that

widest limits under Woo death the process of decay

even

having

the ; and

kingdom

Ch'ing

after his

went

on more

it had

preceded

his.

the

princes

Yu's

ts'oo,

have shown on that

by

king

Woo-ting

is open ode, its genuineness

III. i. X.
4 Ch. XXXIII.)
5 ; iii. 3 IV.

(B.C.

1323\342\200\2241263)

but, to

as I sus-

of the the title of king, and aimed at the sovereignty from the kings the sceptre States of the north,\342\200\224to wrest extend China of Chow did not of The Chow. beyond are indi the limits which I have assignedit, and which on the map, hardly marked cated by the imperfect oval is now Yellow river to what the reaching half way from held by the called the Yang-tsze K\303\253ang. The country the royal State, lay along the often styled kings themselves, but of longitude, Wei the Ho for about five and degrees It was, it was not of so greatextentfrom north to south.

of Ts'oo, Woo, and Yueh, to whom of Yang, King, and L\303\253ang, provinces

During

done during several the period of the Ch'un

all

rapidly and

reigns
Ts'\303\253w,

belonged

claimed

moreover, being growing States of

and

continually

encroached

upon

Ts'oo

on the

south, Ts'in

on the west,

by

the

1 See II. vi. VI. 1 : * IV. iii. IV. 1 ; V. 3.

VII. 1 : iii. III.

IV.

1. 7

ii. IV. 1. and IV.

on the north, till it was finally by extinguished which subdued also all the feudal States, changed Ts'in, the feudal kingdom into a despoticempire,and extended))
Tsin

44)

THE CHINA

OF THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

THE CHINA OF THE

of

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

45)

boundaries former period.

its

to the

soutli

far beyond

tliose

any

2. In

the extravagant a great durhar

the prolegomena to the ShooI have mentioned of Chinese writers,that statements

held by
when
Yu

at

the

feudal

house of
and

to 10,000;
that,

that,

the

Yu,

Chow, they were only 1773. The lowest of these numbers cannot the fact that the districts into the which by the present day, in all its eighteen provinces,
II \302\241I)

the princes when Shang

Shang dynasty superseded the were reduced to about 3000 ; was superseded in its turn by

princes

amounted

absurdity of the betterthan be exposed

empire

of

are not quite 1300.

But

and all the States or territorial divisions, Chcun Ts'ew and Tso-chnen, including the of Ts'oo, Woo, and Yueh, with outlying regions in the appanages royal domain, attached territoriesin tribes on the east, the larger States,and the barbarous In the \" Annaare 198. and west, north, south, only listic Tables of the successive dynasties,\" publishedin its in the kingdom of Chow, from the occurrences 1803,
dozen

been pointed

out

already,

is divided in the Book of Poetry, as has about a we have odes of only

Yen, mentioned in III. iii. VII. 6, lay north and The subject of that ode is a marquis of Ts'e. Han, who appears to have played a more noticeablepart the time of king Seuen, than in of his family who any went before or came after him did. His principality was on the west of the Ho, covering the present department of and perhaps some adjacent Shen-se, T'ung-chow, with a reference to the territory. The ode commences labours of Yu which made the country capable of cultiva but much of it must still have been marsh tion, and forest in the time of king Seuen, for is made of mention its large streamsand meres, and of the multitudes of its
Tsre.
east

from

States ;

mentioned

in the

commencement

in

B.C. 1121

clown

to

403,

under thirteen
tion

States, and
Ts'in,
Tsin,

from

402
come
from

down
before
the

are arranged to its extinc

in

The principalStates which

; \\)

B.C. 225, are

&

under seven

States.
us in the
royal

She

ed

states in

mentionthe she.

lying west
part the

considerable having of

759; it in B.C. lying to the north

Wei,

the

Ho, and Ch'ing on the south from Ch'in extending south Ch'ing. was Sung, a East from Ch'ing, and south of the Ho, of the royal family of the dukedom held by descendants from North Sung was the marquisate Shang dynasty. from it again was Loo, held by of Ts'aou ; and north to of Tan, the famous duke of Chow, the descendants as to the warlike enter whose political wisdom, as much prise of his brother king Woo, was due the establishment with the northern border Conterminous of the dynasty.
on

the

north

of the

royal

was granted to the west, and domain ; then to the east,

of which Ho on

domain,

of

it, with

Heu and

of these States, them distinguished among titles of Kung, How, Pih, Tsze, and Nan, which most be expressed by duke, may conveniently count or viscount, and baron, were earl, marquis, mostly from the royal stem of Chow. So it was Kes, offshoots with those of Loo, Ts'aou, Wei, Ch'ing, Tsiu, Yen, and Han. it has been stated, was held by descendants Sung, of the kings of Tszes. The Shang, who were therefore first of Ts'e, was Shaug-foo, a chief counsellor marquis and leader under military kings Wan and Woo. He was a would trace his liueage up to the chief K\303\253ang, and minister of Yaou, as did also the barons of Heu. The to be descended marquises of Ch'in were Kweis,claiming from the ancient Shun. The earls of Ts'in were Yings, and boasted for their ancestor who in LJih-yih, appears the Shoo, II. i. 22, as forester to Shun. The sacrifices to Yu, and his the sovereigns of the H\303\253a descendants, were maintained dynasty, by the lords of Ke, who were in the consequently Szes, but that State is not mentioned
The princes selves by the She. All these

deer, wild-cats,

bears,

and

tigers.

of Loo, and
called

extending

to

the

waters

of

what

is State

the gulf of

Pih-chih-le, was the

powerful

now of)

commencement of the dynasty, or I have subsequently. touched slightly on the duties which owed to the they as king of Chow their in the prolegomena to suzerain the and I do not enter further Shoo, on them here. A more appropriate for and the re place them, exhibiting lations which the States maintained with one another, will be in the Ts'ew and the prolegomena to the Chun
-Iso-chuen.)

princes held their lands by

royal

grant

at the

\\))

46)

THE CHINA OF 3.

THE BOOK
abundantly

OF

POETEY.)
confirms

THE

CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)
and it is not a consequence government.2

47)

The

Book of
drawn

the ancient Shoo-king Chinesehad some considerable of God. The knowledge names given to Him are Te, which we commonly trans or and Shauy late emperor rider, Te, the views.) Religious Ruler. My own opinion, as I have Supreme to vindicate it in various and endeavoured pub expressed in in translating on the term to be employed lications Te and Greek Chinese the Hebrew Elohim Theo\302\253, is that corresponds exactly to them, and should be renderedin \" English by God. He is also called in the She the
clusion
from

Poetry
the

the

con

that

men to repentance.1 who really causes the

He hates no one;
evil

time

:\342\200\224that is ways

people, He gives to a good them nature, but few are able to keep it, and hold out good to the end.3 In one ode, II. vii. a fickle X., and oppressive king is called Shang Te in bitter irony. While the ancient Chinesethus in God, and believed
giving
birth

forsaking the old and right

to

He of
In

of

the

multitudes

of the

thns

conceived

of

great\"
God ;

and 2

sovereign but,

God/'1

and

\"

the

as in

the Shoo,

the personalappellation

bright

and glorious

is

with T'\303\253en,Heaven ; Shang T'\303\253en, Supreme interchanged Heaven Haou T'\303\253en, Great ; Hivamj T'\303\253en, Great Heaven; IL'acen. \316\227 in Teen, or August Heaven; \316\272\316\261\316\254 Compassionate iii. as in III. The two styles are combined,

sometimes
the

TV., where we
Haou

have

forms Te,

and

T'\303\253en Shanij

of Shany which last

the

T'\303\253en, Te, \316\227\316\261\316\277\316\271\316\271 seems to me to

mean\342\200\224God

as God appears especially He lower world.3 appointed He watches of all.4 especially

dwelling

in the

great heaven.
ruler grain

of men and this for the nourishment

whose

most Heaven.\" 5

over the conduct of kings, of of \"Son honourable designation is that While they reverence Him, and administer to His their high duties in His fear, and with reference He maintains their as His them, will, taking ways pattern, of their smellsthe sweetsavour offerings, and blesses them and general and their peoplewith abundance prosperity.\" and negligent of their duties, When they become impious from them the throne, and takes He punishes them, His appointments come in their others place.' appoints and fore-ordination.7 from His fore-knowledge Himself in terrors, and Sometimes he appearsto array is altered.8 The evil in the the course of His providence is ascribed to Him.8 Heaven is called uiipitying.8 State But this is His strange work ; in judgment ; and to call
1

of the host of heaven;\342\200\224the the Milky way, the oxen Weaving sisters (three stars in Lyra), Draught (some stars in Aquila), Lucifer, Hesperus, the Hyades, the Sieve in (part of Sagittarius), and the Ladle (also
complaint

and presiding rivers, others dwelling in the heavenly bodies. In fact there was no object to which a tutelary Spirit might not at times be ascribed, and no where the approaches of place not be expected, and ought not to spiritual Beings might be provided for by the careful keepingof the heart and In the of How-tseih ordering of the conduct.4 legend (III. ii. I.), we have a strange story of his mother's preg caused nancy being by her treading on a toe-print made by God. In III. iii.V. a Spirit is said to have been sent down from the great mountains, and to have given birth to the princes of Foo and Shin. In IV. i. [i.] VIII. as having attracted and given re king Woo is celebrated to the pose to all spiritual Beings, even Spirits of the Ho and the highest mountains. In II. v. IX., the writer, when the sufferings caused to the States of the deploring east by misgovernment and oppression, suddenly raisesa
over

under

Him, some

Him,

they believed
hills

in

other

Spirits

and

Sagittarius)
have

:\342\200\224all afflicted

no help to the
a

idly

occupying
country.

their
In

no other

places, and giving

ode do we

exhibition of Sab\303\255an views. Mention is made in HI. iii. IV. 5 of the demon of ; and we drought find sacrifices offered to the Spirits of the ground and of the four of the sky/ to the Father of hus quarters the Father of war/ and the Spirit of the bandry,\" p.ith.8 These last three, however, were the of)
similar
probably

Spirits

IV. ii.

III.

E.g., III. i. VII. 1 ; iii. I. I. 5 Er/., II. i. VIII. 1, 3 ; IV. i. [i.] VIII. 6 EJJ., II. i. VI.; III. i. I.; VII. 7 ; IV. ii. IV. \" III. \\\\. X.; iii. I. 1 ; II. iv. VII.: i. VII. 1, a.

IV. 3.

rv.

i. [ii.] I. 4 IV. i. [i.]

X
und

HI.

ii. X. 8 ;
5

and

often.

II.

II. vi.
7

I. 1. VII. 2 ; et al.
III. iii.
i. VII. 8.)

often.)

III.

iv. VIII. 4 ; III. iii. I. 5. ' III. iii. II. 7. 6 If. vi. VIII. 2: et al. * III. ii. 1. 7, et al.))

\316\247. \316\264.

48)

THE CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OF

POETEY.)
the

THE CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

49)

to

men. A belief in departed dead in a spirit-state, and in

maintain

the continued existence of

the

duty

by

religious

worship

have first
odes

been characteristics appearance

used
of

of the
profess

the last Part

in history.
the

The first

Chinese peoplefrom
and

of their descendants a connection with them,

their

third

Books
sacrificial

of

She

to consist
the

of

in the

and thanks songs are songs of supplication ; and others relate ; some giving to the circumstances of the service, describing the occasion The of or the parties present and engaging in it. it, ancestors worshipped are invited to come and acceptthe ; and in one (IV. i. [i.] presented homageand offerings VII.) it is said that \"king Wan, the Blesser,\" has Shang. Someof
them

temple services of
are

kings

of Chow

and

iii. IV. 5, how king Seuen, in his III. on in distress drought, consequence of the long-continued his father his to king Le had been parents, though prays and how endeavours and wicked worthless; notoriously have been made to explain away the simple text, from a which it would the honour to escape from wish, probably,

pointed out,

of praise

of it. seem to give to one so undeserving was paid of the worship which 4. The odes do not speak to God, unless it be incidentally. There were two grand on which it was rendered by the Beiigious cereoccasions
sovereign,\342\200\224the

summer

The

and the
of

and descended,

The first stanza of III. his death as being\"on high,

accepted

the

i. I.

offerings.
describes

king

Wan

after

and descending on

bright

in heaven,

the

left

and
affirms

the

9th

ode

of the

same Book

the right of
that in

God,\"and
his father, The early

ascending

and grandfather, Chinese, as I have

ceased

were associated

Wan, heaven.

did not suppose that man said, just to be, when his mortal life terminated. We from the Tso-cliuen, that scepticism on this indeed, know, classes the had begun to spread among higher point and we know that the sage before the time of Confucius, affirm nor deny it ; but that their would neither himself dead lived on in another state was certainly the beliefof to do, as it is still the early ages with which we have now
all

of the Chinese people. majority great as to any puni silent as the Shoo-king hereafter. There are rewardsand dignity tive retribution is said of any for the good after death, but nothing In indeed bad. v. VI. for one the ode, (II. punishment 6), a vague feeling betrays itself in the writer, that after had slanderers other method to deal with proud every it execute upon them ;\342\200\224but justice failed, Heaven might in their punishment temporal may be that he had only the view. The system of ancestral prevented worship The view on this subject. development of a different tyrant-oppressor took his place in the temple, there to be

the belief of
But

the

the

She

is as

I do not here speak, ceremonies usedon thoseoccasions in the She. Whether them as there is nothing said about besides these two there were other sacrifices to God, at on which of the year, is a point in the course statedperiods themselves are very the opinions of the Chinesescholars there that much divided. I think were, and that we have IV. i. [i.] X.isaddressed of two of them. someintimation as having to How-tseih, proved himself the correlate to God men to cultivate the grain which Heaven, in teaching was all. This of nourishment for the appro appointed was offered to God, priate to a sacrificein spring, which labours of the on the to seek His blessing agricultural of the House of Chow, ancestor as the year, How-tseih, of agriculture, and the great improver being associated was IV. i. [i.] VII-, again, with Him in it. appropriate of Light, at in the Hall to a sacrifice to Godin autumn, when a great audience to the feudal king Wan princes, the founder of the as being was associated with Him,
dynasty

the

to Heaven, sacrifice is often described as offered summer one to earth ; but we have the testimony that in the Doctrine of the Mean, ch. XIX., Confucius, Of serve Te. the them both was to of Shang object

and

winter

solstices.

monies\302\267

winter

and prayedto, in feasted, and worshipped, of his as much as the greatest benefactor

his

proper

order,

people.

I have)

in the royal temple ceremonies at the sacrifices of seasons of ancestors, in the first months of the four odes. in several the year, we have much information and various purifications They were preceded by fasting on the part of the king and the parties who were to assist in the performance There was a great of them.1 concourseof the feudal princes,2 and much importance) 1 2 IV. i. HI. ii. I. 7. [i.] I., IV.; et al.))
Of the
VOL.

of

Chow.

III.)

50

THE CHINA OP

THE BOOK

OP

POETRY.
THE them

CHINA OP

THE BOOK

OP

POETET.)

51)

was attached

to the
the

sentatives of
the

presence among
dynasties

former

devolved mainly on the princesof the same as the royal House. Libations of fragrant and their pre made to attract the were spirits Spirits, sence was invoked who took his place by a functionary inside the principal gate.2 The principal victim, a red for the pur bull, was killed by the king himself, using handle of which were attached small to the pose a knife the bells.3 \"With this he laid bare the hair, to show that animal the wound was of the required colour, inflicted of death, and cut away the fat, which was burned the inceuse and to increase southernwood, along with victims were numerous, and II. vi. V. Other fragrance.3 as greatly exhausted describes all engaged in the service with the what carcases, boiling they had to do, flaying the flesh, roasting it, broiling it, arranging it on trays and stands, and setting it forth.4 Ladies from the harem are present, presiding and assisting ; music peals ; the of a that cup goes round.4 The descriptionis as much feast as of a sacrifice in fact, those great seasonal ; and were what we might call grand family Occasions reunions, where aud drinking the dead and the living met, eating the dead, and the worshipped together, where the living
Occasion

* but

of

the duties

the repre
of

after

surname

were made We have complete.\" happiness and dignity in Mencius an allusion to this strange custom (VI. Pt i. how a junior member of a family, when V.), showing at the sacrifice one of his ancestors, to represent chosen his was for the time exalted above and received elders, the demonstrations of reverence due to the ancestor. This custom under the Chow dynasty, probably originated of the \342\200\224one made regulations by the duke of Chow ; to it, it fell into disuse. and subsequently sacrifice to ancestors was finished, the When the king and younger brothers or cousins, feasted his uncles that the princes and nobles of the same surname with is, all The himself, in another apartment. musicians who hud

sacrifice, feasted,

summary repetition of the ceremoniesof the these personators of the dead were specially and so, as it is expressed in III. ii. IV., \"their

discoursed with instrument and entertainment of

vivial

and
the

dead blessedthe living.

This

characteristic
in

indi ancestors should be representedby living to certain, of the same surname, chosen according took rules the odes do not mention. They for the which time the place of the dead, received the honours which to be possessed by and were due to them, were supposed their They ate and drank as those whom they Spirits. have done ; accepted for them the would personated rendered by their descendants ; communicated homage or and their will to the principal in the sacrifice feast, him and their on his line benediction, beingpronounced assisted in this point by a mediating priest, as we must of a better On the next day.) term. call him for want

strikingly

the

of these ceremonies custom which required

appeared most
that

the

de

parted viduals

their soothing aid at the second which had been provided, we have in great seen, im little abundance, aud on which far have been made, were brought in pression could thus from the and set forth The guests anew. ate to temple, the full and drank to the full ; and at the conclusion they all bowed their heads, while one of them declared the satisfaction of the Spirits with the services rendered to and assured the king of their favour them, to him and his posterity, so long as they did not those neglect observances.1 During the feast the king showed parti cular respect to those amoug his relatives who were aged, filled their cups again and and desired that'\"their again, old age might be and their bright happiness blessed, 2
party,

\"

ancestors,

voice during the worship followed the con

blessing.\"

to give

The

viands,

ever

increased.\"

sketch of the seasonal sacrificesto ancestors were mainly designed to maintain the they of the family and intimately unity related to connection, the duty of filial Yet by means of them the piety. ancestors Of the kings wereraisedto the of the position
The

above
that

shows

\342\200\242\303\216utelary Spirits

of

III.

i. I. 4, 5 ; IV. i [ii.] 3 II. ii. VI. 5.)

III.

2 II.
4

each
vi.

V. 2.

family

became
1 II.

II.

vi.

V.)

Pieces

in Part

IV., it is to
V. 6.) T\303\215.

the dynasty ; aud the ancestors of its Tutelary Spirits. Severalof the

be observed,

are

appropriate)
4.))

III.

ii. II.

52)

THE CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

THE CHINA OF

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

53)

sacrifices offered to some one monarch. They on particular occasions connected be celebrated in the past, or when with his achievements it was sup be specially valuable in con posed that his help would
to
would
were also other services performed in the temple of ancestors which were of less frequent and occurrence, all known by the name of te. That term was applied in a restricted the annual sacrifice of the summer season; but there were also \" the fortunate te,\" when the Spirit-tablet of a deceased monarch was solemnly the set up in its proper in 25 months after temple,

literature

not but fall so extensive as the Chinesecould that by degrees into many devious tracks. It is only in their to the are properaccuracy attaining Sinologues take in hand. of the subjects which they representations

templated enterprises.

There

On two or three
ations.

points I subjoin
or

some

additional

observ

senseto
\"

his death ;
brated royal mythical

once House

in the Sheof the ceremonies There is no description used on those occasions. With to all the ceremonies of the ancestral regard Confucius the following account of them gives temple, and the purposes they were intended to serve in the
Doctrine of the Mean,ch.XIX. they distinguished the royal order of descent. By arranging to their rank, they distinguished
4 :\342\200\224\" By means kindred

cele te,\" called also Jieah, great in five years, when all the ancestorsof the were sacrificed to, beginning with the their was traced. emperor Kuh, to whom lineage
and

place

the

is duty is the first of all virtues the and at moralists Chinese of ; a well-known principle the of a well-ordered socialState they place foundation and husband between relation the of regulation right sentiments filled with admirable be wife. Pages might on this them from subject ; but nowhere doesa funda of the vice of the family and social constitution mental In the in the She. than nation appear more strikingly

i. That

filial

piety

according

of them to their

less.

those present according the more noble and the

of duties at them, they made By apportioning a distinction of talents and worth. In the ceremony of the inferiors presente'd the cup to their pledging, general was given to the lowestto superiors,and thus something do. At the [concluding] feast, places were given ac cording to the hair, and thus was marked the distinction
the of

of earliest latest, it, as well as in the The low status we have abundant evidenceof the low status of woman, and poygamy\302\267 which was theoretically accorded to woman, of polygamy. Biot has referredto of the practice and furnished the evidence by the last two stanzas of II. iv. birth of sons and the different the of way in which The family in a family. that of daughterswas received the king to whom but is the royal family, indeed, there, was one of excellent refer to the ode is believed is that the lower of China character ; and the theory to the conformed classes example of those always sentiments above The them. expressed in that ode are those of every class of the Chinese, ancient and modem.

pieces

VI.

are

\\Vhile and

habits and manners of the as they may be generally, will be found set forth She, cune\342\204\242 te\303\261e?5. The
Manners

years.\"

ancient
in

Chinese
the

and

learned from
a variety

of

al'y-

M. Edouard Biot, death was a great calamity to the causeof whose early It appeared in the Journal Asiatique Chinese study. and December, 1843. It was not possible for November him in his circumstances, and depending so much as for he did on Lacharme's translation of the to avoid odes, of) falling into some mistakes. The pioneers in a field
particulars

in

an essay by

others the princes of the land; the latter would go did wrong or if they did if they beyond their province and the kitchen to right, all their work being confined tlie temple, and to causing no sorrow to their parents. The line which that it was for daughters neither to says do wrong nor to do good was translated by Dr Morrison as if it said that \"woman was incapable of good or \" evil the correct but he subjoins from a commentary ; \" a slavish submission is woman's duty meaning,\342\200\224that and her She onght not to originate)) highest praise.\"

would be splendidly princes young and to sleep on couches, the ground to The former coarse suffice for the princesses. wrappers would to play with ; the latter have only tiles. sceptres The former would them the future king, the be-\342\200\224oneof
the put

dressed sleepon

54

THE CHINA OF

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

THE

CHIMA OF THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

55)

in all loyal sub but to be satisfied with doing anything, jection what is prescribed to her to do. In is compared to a dove, but the point of comparison bride of a consists nest lies in the stupidity of the bird, whose no is It un few sticks brought inartistically together. for a wife to be stupid, whereas a wise desirable thing woman is more likely to be a curse in a family than a it is As expressedin III. iii. X. 8, blessing.

I. i. I a

more poverty,

gether
are

have sympathized them and helped them and to make

with them in

II., III.,
XI.,

and V. ;
among

vii.

VIII.

the odes
affection in

of

to keep their little means to more. I. ii. III. ; v. VIII. ; vi. and XVI. ; viii. I. ; x. V. and
the

their trials

and

fcshe

which

pictures of wifely I believe also that

freedom

give

and

those

early

of movement

allowed

\"

A wise man builds But a wise woman

up the wall [of a city], overthrows it. Admirable may be the wise woman, than an owl. But she is no better with a long tongue A woman

is

now, as there was of it so many themselves

more possibilityof
centuries

days there to young women

their

permanent

pleasant attachment.

was more
than

there

availing

before

Is [like] a stepping-stone Disorder does not come

to disorder. down from heaven ;\342\200\224 It is produced by the woman. Those from whom come no lessons, no instruction, Are women and eunuchs.\"

The tion

marquis to

D'

Hervey

his Poetry different account of

of the

Saint-Denys, in the

introduc

the status

T'ang
of

dynasty,

p.

the

woman

gives a in anciently
19,

China.
\"

He says:\342\200\224

who The wife of the ancient poems is the companion of a spouse She chooses takes her counsels,and never speaks to her as a master. her own. Kothing freely the man with whose life she will associate Futtg, composed be showsus as yet polygamy in the Songsof the J\304\271icnh tween the 12th and tile 8th century before our era.1 If tradition will in choosing him to it that Yaou gave bis two daughters to Shun have a grand number of im succeedto the throne ; if the Chow Le mentions may believe ;\342\200\224we perial concubines independently of the empressproper with the popular) that these were only royal exceptions, not in accordance manners.)

cramping their feet and cripplingthem had been intro the But on the other hand there are odeswhere duced. from as the mistress her of proper place wife, displaced the family, deplores her hard lot. Thereis no evidence that honourable marriages ever took place with to show of the go-between, and merely by the intervention out the preferenceand choice of the principal parties con cerned; and there can be no doubt that polygamy pre from earliest the vailed times, just as it prevails now, far from the of the family. So means limited by only of it in the odes of Part I., there being no intimations In ode IV. of Book i., the other ladies there are many. harem of king W\303\254\303\255n's sing the praises of T'ae-sze,his queen, to all ages of female and model the paragon excellence,
because The of her freedom from of jealousy. subject ode V. is similar. In ode X., Book ii.,we see the ladies of some prince's harem to his apartment, repairing happy
their

the practice

of

in

That there and wife in

was often
China,

a true

affection

in the

times of

and a fact to be acknowledged in which estimation low the in. Notwithstanding rejoiced of woman's intellect and character were held, the mind her than husband's, the wife often was and is stronger in Chinese wives history and her virtue greater. Many of their husbands, and have entered into the ambition spurred them on in the path of noble enterprise; many

is

the She-king,as there

between

husband

and acquiescing in the difference between it mistress. Every feudal prince received his bride and eight other ladies at once,\342\200\224a younger sister of the bride and a cousin,and three ladies from each of two great Housesof the same surname. The thing is seenin detail in the narratives of the Tso-chuen. Nothing
lot,
of

and

that

their

at

the

present

day, is

could show more the degrading influence than the vaunted freedom from jealousy

of

polygamy

on

be expected. Many to
deeds
which

the properwife, and subordinately The consequences of this social

of atrocious
it

the

element people,

Between

the 12th

century

and

the

6th.)

of depravation and disorderworking among the moral condition of the country, bad as it

gave

odes have reference to the of the licentiousness and horrible bloodshed rise. We wonder that, with such an
the
was.))

in her inferiors. State were such as might

part of

56)

THE CHINA OF not

THE BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

THE

CHINA

OF THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)
war of

57) in the

was

worse.
heartily

That China
received

can be

now, with

this

into

is a vain
ii.

the comity

of westernnations
was,

thing

in it,

imagination.
with

The preserving
and

salt of the
the their

kingdom

the filial piety,

Chineserace,

strong respect
All

certainly

of eminent
mally
danger

worth.

family affections of the virtues for the aged ;\342\200\224 in these are illustrated
\316\206 ther\302\243!\303\214S

I believe,

than in other lands. During intestine dynasty a condition of

in

a matter

of fact there

has not beenlessof the greaterpart

strife

China Chow

States was chronic. The State of Te'in fought its way to of blood. seas Probably there is no empire through in so
country

among

the feudal

the

world

which has
xi.,

drunk

much

blood

The filial piety and other virtues of the CMnese,notcoiiduo

tn6 \302\260f \316\237(1\316\2708

81\316\220\316\270 ' &\316\240<1 F6*

from of misiudgin!? *?\302\267,. i ii. oic the condition country.

D'
iX-j

marquis
\317\207 astwe ,) expec

Hervey
Part
Greece

error. \342\204\242*\302\260 \316\267

Starting

J3oo]j

I.,

contrast between ancient duction, p. 15):\342\200\224

\"

Saint-Denys has again from the 4th ode he institutes an eloquent China (Intro and ancient
poem

4.1,T this In

actual them the \302\267 point

and from its battles, sieges, iii. The 6th ode of Book

massacres

as this.

A \302\2771

the

plorable event, esteemed throughout character,in the grave

the

coffin.
dividuals Following who says

according to Altogether, on that immolated were

the

Part I., relates to a de three men, brothers, of burying of Ts'in for their admirable the State his of duke Muh, and along with

177in the Tso-chuen,

occasion,
immolating \302\243m'bs a*( Ts'\303\253en,

one which can

The Iliad,\" says

civilizations

two

different developed parallelly under conditionsso On oneside are a warlike earth. at the two extremitiesof the inhabited one another ; the who challenge without end ; combatants life ; sieges the poet of military glory which animates in the same degree sentiment On the we feel ourselves in the midst of a camp. and his heroes :\342\200\224 of a the home-sickness hearth \302\277 other side are regrets for the domestic and discern at a distance mountain to ascends a who soldier try young have rejected from would the house of his father ; a mother whom Sparta her walls ; a brother who counselsthe absent one not to make his race \342\200\224 ourselves in illustrious, but above all things to return home : we feel world, in I know not what atmosphere of quietude and of country another Three or four times conquered by the time Tile reasonis simple. life. Uncontestedmis as her invaders. Greece became warlike of Homer, to behoved of the globe, China tress of the most magnificent valleys remain pacific as her first colonists had been.\

be of

he,
use

\"

is the most ancient to us by way of

of the

west,the

only

comparisonin

judging

of the

which

But there

are not a
ardour,

few

odes

which

breathe
and

a warlike
IV. : III.

and V. IV. VIL; iii. VIII. and IX.: IV. ii. III.; of dissatisfaction There is certainly in others an expression with the toils and dangersof war,\342\200\224complaints especially from their of the separation entailed by it on the soldiers mostof in II. iv. I. deplore the speakers families. What do all to home alone at left were mothers their that all is It may be allowed that tho the cookingfor themselves. to excite a is not of the She as a whole natural tendency of habits to but to ; yet as) peace dispose spirit, military

spirit

of

great

such as

II. iii. III.

iii.

i.

TIT Tirii Oh mg, Muh s elder brother and prede- in them. M. buried at whose death 66 personswere alive, cessor, Biot observes that, this bloody sacrifice had been recently Yen Tsfan, of the Sungdynasty, taken from the Tartars. much made on the She I have use, of whose commentary time in pos that at of State that the Ts'in, though says sessionof the old territory of the House of Chow, had tribes with it the manners of the barbarous brought mind But dwelt. in had its whom my long people among there is no doubt that the people of Ts'in was made up tribes. This will appear barbarous of those plainly mainly for us occasion when the Ch'un Ts'ew and Tso-chuengive of the three great States of to review the rise and progress The practice was probably of old Ts'in, Tsin, and Ts'oo. as other existence neigh among the Chinese tribe as well one of Confucius' of tribes. A Tsze-k'in, story bouring on p. 119 of the Analects, mentioned in a note disciples, entire into would indicate that it had not fallen disuse, States even in the time of the sage, in the most polished con of the kingdom. calledit Tartars so the Among on the tinues Williams Dr to the present states, day. the that the Shun-che, emperor authority of De Guignes, Erst of the present Man chew dynasty, ordered thirty of his consort, but persons to be immolated at the funeral from sacrificing forbade four his -h-'ang.he, son, persons

that

the cruel

authority

duke

/-ii r\302\267 \316\212\316\231

princes, or burywith beran practice them alive \316\271\316\267\316\232 \317\200 \316\271 \316\267

of Sze-ma

\303\255he

themselves at the death

1 The

of

his.1

Middle Kingdom,vol. i., p. 267.))

\316\222\316\272 1.1.])

THE

BOOK

OF

I'OETEY.)

59)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

one of them, called duke Lew, returned to China in B.c. 1796, and made a settlement iu Pin, the site of which is pointed out in the present There the family till T'an-foo moved Pin Chow in Shen-se. remained south in B.C.1325,and settled in K'e, in the present district farther still of K'e-shan, department Thence his grandson Wan Fung-ts'cang. south and east again, across the Wei, to Fung, moved south-west from When Wan took this step, he the present provincial city of Se-gan. Chow and Shaou, which separated the original Chow\342\200\224K'e-chow\342\200\224into he made the appanages of his son Tan, and of Shih, one of his principal The pieces in this Bookare said to have been collected by supporters. Tau in Chow, and the States lying south from it, along the Han and other
but
rivers.)

PAET
\302\253

I.)

The LESSONS BOOK

TITLE

Kiran-ts'en
BHIDE

FROM THE

mainly WAN,

STATES.

THE
This

OF

KING

allusive. CELEBRATING THE VIRTUE OF HIS QUEST FOR HER, AND WELCOMING

HER TO HIS PALACE.

I. THE

The
WHOLE

Odes of
WOKK.

Chowand the South.

This in Chineseis SHE KING, \" The \" The Poems.\" Book of Poetry,\" or simply \302\241SHE, By poetry, according the expression, in rhymed of to Chinese scholars, is denoted words, In this collection there were origin thought impregnated with feeling. ally oil pieces,but of six of them there are ou!y the titles remaining. one of them, indeed, is a long poem. They are generally short ; not Catholic them Father Lacharme, a Eoman missionary who translated and a half ago, calls the Book Jj\303\257bcr Carinto Latin about a century of miwum ; and with most English writers the ordinary designation Otic is a sufficiently correct them has been \"Tlie Book of Odes.\" by that term a short designation of many of the pieces,understanding be termed songs; some ballads ; and better Some might lyric poem. All come under the general name of Poems. others Bartlic effusions. This in Chinese is Kirnli or THE PART. TITLE Vung, which I have Davis translates the translated \" Lessons from the States.\" Sir John words by \" The manners of the States.\" Similarly the French Sinologues \" des Royaumes.\" Clioo He, the foremostof Les m\305\223urs render them by The pieces are called Fling, because Chinese critics, says :\342\200\224\" they their \316\237\316\233\316\245\316\262 origin to, and are descriptive of, the influence produced by of this is again sufficient to affect men, ; and the exhibition superiors just as things give forth sound when moved by the wiiul, and their sound \"Lessons from the States\" is again sufficient to move outer things.\" to come nearer to the force of the Chinese terms than seems therefore \"Manners of the States.\" The States are those of Chow, Shaou, P'ei, Yung, and the others, which give their names to the several Books. OF THE BOOK.\342\200\224\"TheUdes of Chow and the South.\" TITLE By the Seat of the House or lords of Chow,from the Chow is intended \" time of \" the old duke T'an-foo in B.C. 1325, to king Wan. The chiefs back to K'e, better known as How-tseih, of Chow traced their lineage 2000 years B.C. His descend of Agriculture, more than Shun's minister the wild tribes of the west and north ;) ants had withdrawn among
or

is the view of Choo He, and is so in accordance with the language the stanzas, that it is not worth while to discuss the view of the older school,\342\200\224that the subject of the piece is W\303\244n's queen, and that it celebratesher freedom from jealousy, and her anxiety to fill his harem with virtuous ladies ! It is. moreover, entirely from tradition, that we believe the subject to be the famous bride and queen. T'ae-sze, W\303\244n's I have given the Chinese name of the piece,\342\200\224the two Juran-ts'eti, characters in the first line. The names of most of the other pieces are formed in the same way, and are not in themselves descriptive of their subjects. They were attached to them, however, before the time of Con fucius.
of

1 Hark
Of

from

the

islet

in the

o'er their uest ! Fromthem our thoughts to that young rejoice lady go, Modest and virtuous, loth herself to show. Where could be found, to share our prince's state, So fair, so virtuous, and so fit a mate ?
the

stream the voice

fish-hawks

that

2 See how the duckweed's stalks, or short or long, the current Sway left and right, as moves strong So hard it was for him the maid to find ! By day, constant mind by night, our prince with Sought for her long, but all his searchwas vain. Awake, asleep, he ever felt the pain Of as when on restless bed, longing thought, one turns his fevered head. Tossing about,

3 Here long,there short, But caught at last, we

afloat
seize

the duckweed
the

lies ;
prize.))

longed-for

60)
The

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAKT

I.)

BK I.

iv.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

61)

modest, virtuous, coy, is found; lute, and joyous welcome sound. Ours the duckweed from the stream we bear. now, And to use with other viands rare. cook He has the maiden, modest, virtuous, bright ; Let bells and drums proclaim our great delight.)
maiden
Strike

every

II.
The FULNESS

KoJi fan ; narrative. CELEBRATING OF KING WAN'S QUEEN. to have

THE

INDUSTRY

AND DUTI-

that this ode celebratedT'ae-sze for being The old interpreters thought the court of Chow filled with worthy ministers, earnestty bent on getting for sympathizing with faithful officers in their toils on distant expeditions, to feast them on their return. It is for suggesting to king Wan and that the imperial editors should still lean to this view ; on astonishing to the allusive class. which the piece belongs \" the ode to T'ae-sze, the mnn of her whose ascribes Choo husband, on some and return toilsonip for whose she is absent heart,\" expedition, I must drop the idea of T'ae-sze altogether,and can make longs in vain. We must read it as if it nothing more of the piece than I have stated. were from the pencil of its subject, and narrative. 1

It is supposed

as if it had been made, by the queen herself. The old interpreters that the piece was of T:ae-sze in her virgin intent on all woman's prime, work, and they placed it among the allusive pieces. The first two stanzas the third requires too much be thus explained ; but to might straining admit of a proleptical interpretation as to what the virgin do in would the future when a married wife.
1

been made, and

however

that was, it

is to

be read held

Filled it with mouse-ears but in part. I set it on the path, and sighed

Though

small

my basket,

all my toil

For

the

dear

master

of my heart.

2 My steeds,
When
Give

o'er-tasked,their progress stayed,

up that rocky height. from that gilt vase,\342\200\224 this longing end in sight
lofty

me When

midway a cup shall

that
my

Sweet
Extended
With

was the
far,
leaves

scene.
down

to the
on

The spreadingdolichos valley's depths,

The orioles
the

3 To mount
Until
A

luxuriant.

Fluttered around, and

steeds

bushy

trees
pleasant

In throngs collected,\342\200\224whence their Resounded far in richest melody.

notes

cup

from

I drove, their hue. that rhinoceros' horn

ridge
all changed to subdue.
flat-topped

2 The spreadingdolichos
It down, then
Of

May help my longing 4 Striving to reach that

My steeds,
My

extended

far,
to

the valley's Covering With leaves luxuriant

boiled,

sides, down
and

its

depths,

driver PU

dense.

I cut

never

and

from the

To wear,
3
Now

cloth,

both

fine and

unwearied

of such

coarse, large store, simple dress.

my

fibres span
The Rim-miili ;
JEALOUSY,

worn out, relaxed their strain ; also sank oppressed :\342\200\224 see my lord again !)
IV.

hill,

allusive.

back

I go. The matron I have told. Who will announcement make. Meanwhile my clothes, I clothes and rinse wash, My private my robes. be rinsed ? and which need not ? need Which of them dear to visit, back I go. My parents
To see,

to my

old home,

parents

dear

AND OFFERING

CELEBRATING T'AE-SZE'S FREEDOM FROM FERVENT WISHES FOR HER HAPPINESS. 1/))

Tlie piece

praise
radier,

of

is supposedto be from the ladies of king W\303\244n's in harem, who was not jealous of them, but cherished them as the great tree does the creepers that twine round it.
T'ae-sze,

III.
The

E'euen-urli FRIEND,

; narrative.
PROBABLY

LAMENTING

THE ABSENCE

OF A CHER

1 In the South are the trees whose are bent, branches And droop in such fashion that o'er their extent All the dolichos' fast cling. creepers See our princely lady, from whom we have got

ISHED

OF A HUSBAND.)

Rejoicing that's endless! May lier And her honours reposeever

happy
bring

lot

!)

62)
2

THE

BOOK

OP

POETBY.)

[PAKT are

I.)

I. 13\316\272

vin.])

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

63)

In the South are the trees And droop in such fashion

All

whose

branches

bent,

This

bride to
and and

her new home repairs;

house

that

o'er

their

extent

Chamber

she'll

order right.

the

dolichos' lady,

See our

Rejoicingthat's endless!
And her

princely

creepers from whom

Of

are spread.
lot

we have got

Graceful

her

In
And

honours the greatnessne'er fade ! the South are the trees whose branchesare bent, in such fashion that o'er their extent droop
All

happy

Thi.s bride to her Chamber and househer sway

3 Graceful
Its

Large cropsof

young

the peach tree stands; it soon will show. new home repairs ;
fruit shall

know.

and young the

clustering

the

dolichos'

See our princely lady, from whom we have got Rejoicing that's endless. May her happy lot And her honours complete evershine!)
V.

creepers

entwine.

This bride to her new Her household will

foliage

home
attest

green and full. repairs ;

her

peachtree stands,
rule.)

VII.

The Too tteu ; AS FIT TO BE A

fluence
were

allusive, PRINCE'S

or narrative. HATE.

PRAISE

OF A RABBIT-CATCHER)

The Ckung-sze ; metaphorical. THE FRUITFULNESS OF THE LOCUST ; TO CELEBRATE T'AE-SZE'S SUPPOSED FREEDOM FROM JEALOUSY. The piece is purely T'ae-sze not being mentioned in it. metaphorical, The reference to her exists only in the writer's mind. This often dis such pieces from those which are allusive. tinguishes
1

Maou),as so powerful
made

The generally of king fit

accepted view
Wan

the view of

two of

it to occupy the highest I prefer, positions. however, it according to an old tradition that interpret W\303\244n's ministers had at one time actually been rabbit-catchers.
by

of this piece is that it sets forth the in to Choo), or of T'ae-sze (according ^according to and beneficial, that individuals in the lowest rank

others, who

Ye Well

Gather in concordfine In
your descendants
numerous

locusts,

winged tribes,
;

1 Careful
Chting-chani/

he sets his
his be

rabbit-nets

may
hosts

bright

shine

2 Ye locusts, winged

Stalwart the man Showshe might

Llows
and

his

tribes,

all round ; the pegs resound. bold ! his bearing all shield and wall. prince's

upon

Your wings in flight resound ; Well your descendants may In endless lines be found !
tribes,

3 Ye locusts, winged
Together
In

2 Careful he is his rabbit-nets to place, Where many paths of rabbits' feet bear trace. Stalwart the man and bold ! 'tis to see Heto his prince companion good plain would be.

cluster

Well your descendants may

swarms

strong ;
!)

for ever throng

VI.

Where in the forest's depth the spread, trees shade. Stalwart the man and bold ! fit his thegive part Guide to his prince to be, and faithful heart.)
VIII.)

Careful

he

is his

rabbit-nets

to

The T'ami yaau;

FUTURE

allusive.

PI\303\215AISE OF

A BRIDE

GOING

TO

HEB The I\\no e ;

HOME.

1 Graceful and young the How rich its flowers,

; peach tree stands all gleaming bright !)

narrative. THE soso OF THE PLANTAIN-GATHERERS. We are supposed to have here a happy instance of the tranquillity Uie times of Wan, so that the

women, their householdlabours

of

over,

could))

THE

BOOK OP
the

POETET.)
or rib-grass

PAHT

I.) con

BE I.

XL])

THE

BOOK OP

POETET.)

65)

go out and gather the for what purposes cert ;\342\200\224

seedsof

we are

not told.

plantain

in

cheerful

1 We gather and gather the plantains ;

Come gather them

gather
here gather off
And

Yes,

and gather the plantains, \\ve have got them now.

gather the plantains ears we must tear. the plantains, gather are laid bare. seeds gather

anyhow.

We

and the
the

3 Many the faggots bound and piled; The southernwood I'd cut for more. As brides, those girlstheir new homes seek ; Food for their colts I'd bring store. large Like the broad Han are they, which one cannot dive ; Through And like the Keang's long stream, Wherewith no raft can strive.)

Now

Yes, gatherand
And
no\\v

The Joofun;
THE JOO,
AND

mainly

narrative.

THE
ABOUT

AFFECTION

We

The seedsin our skirts are placed. Yes, gather and gather the plantains.

gather

and

the plantains, waist

!)

THEIB

SOLICITUDE

THEIB

HUSBANDS'

OF THE WIVES OK HONOUR.

Ho ! safe

in

the

girdled

The royal House, in the last stanza, like a blazing to fire, is supposed be that of Shang. under the tyranny of Show, its last monarch. The to the closingtime of that dynasty, when Wan was piece therefore belongs

consolidating his powerand

1 Along
MAKMy

influence.

IX.

THE VIRTUOUS The Han kn-ang : allusive and metaphorical. EIVEES. THE HAN AXD K\303\213ANG ABOUT WOMEN \303\217OUNG THE OF NEES and of the people, of Wan the dissolutemanners Through the influence in the regions south from Chow, had undergone the of women, especially The praise of the ladies in the piece,therefore, transformation.
\316\271 great

To hew
lord

the raised
slim

Like hunger-pang my troubled thought! raised the banks of the Along Joo, Branch and fresh shoot confessed art. my
I've

away,

and branch my husband true,

stem

banks of the Joo,

I wrought,

is to

the praise of
1 High
No

Wan.

and compressed,
shelter not

the southern trees

afford.
Han,
by

seen my lord, my husband And still he folds me in his

heart.

true,

from hear

the sun enticing

The girls free ramble

But
will

the
are

3 As the toiled bream makesred its tail, Toil Sir, for the royal House, you,
Amidst

word.

its

Like the
Through
And

broad Han
no

which one
raft

cannot dive
can strive.

they,

Your
;

fires, blazing see you parents

nor quail :\342\200\224 pay your vows.)

like
Wherewith

the Keang's

long stream,
\316\220\316\257\316\267 che cite allusive. OFFSPBING AND DESCENDANTS The

XI.
;
CELEBRATING THE GOODNESS OF KING WAN. OF THE

and piled ; 2 Many the faggots bound The thorns I'd hew still more to make. seek As brides, those girls their new homes undertake. Their colts to feed I'd

Like

the

broad
which

Han
one

are they.
cannot

And like
Wherewith

Through

the Keang's longstream,

no

dive;

raft

can strive.)

The Un is the female of the li'e, a fabulous the symbol of all animal, goodness and benevolence ; having the body of a deer, the tail of an ox, the hoofs of a horse, one horn, the scales of a fish, &c. Its feet do not tread on any living thing, not even on live grass ; it does not butt with its forehead ; and the end of its Jiorn, is covered with flesh, to show that, while able for war, it wills to have peace. The linwas to appear, supposed inaugurating a golden age, but the poet finds a better auspiceof that in the character of W\303\244u's family and kindred.
VOL.

III.

5))

66)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART
thing,

I.)

THE

BOOK OF

POETKY.)

67)

1 As

the feet of
prince's
front

the

So our

lin, which avoid each living noble sons no harm to men Tliey are the lin !
Un,

will

bring.

ii)

As

the

of the

never

forward
of
lin

So our prince's noble grandsons They are the

the horn of So our prince's

love
!

thrust in wrath, tread the path.

THE ODES OF
to

BOOK
SHAOU

II.
AND

THE SOUTH.

3 As

the lin, flesh-tipped, no wound all with noble kindred kindly

They are the
lin !)

give,

live.

has been stated, on the title of the first Book, that king Wan, on to Fung, divided the original Chow of his House into two por tions, which he settled on his son Tan, the duke of Chow, and on Shih, oneof his principal adherents, the duke of Shaou. The site of the city was in the present department of Shaou of Fung-ts'\303\253ang. and probably in the district of K'e-shan. Shih was of the Chow surname of K'e, but his exact relationship to king Wan cannot be determined. On the overthrow of the Shung dynasty, he was invested by king Woo with the principality of Yen, or North in the present district of Yen, having its capital Ta-hing, of There we can trace his descendants, department Shun-t'\303\253en, Chih-le. down to the Ts'in dynasty ; but he himself, as did Tan, remained at court, and we find them, in the Book of History, as the principal ministers of \" \" king Ching. They were known as the highest dukes,\" and the two great chiefs,\" Tan having charge of the eastern portion of the kingdom, Shih of the western. and
IT removing The

States south last Book.)

and the

pieces

in this

Bookare supposed
of it,\342\200\224west from

to have been producedin Shaou those that yielded the odes of the

I.
The PEINCESS Ts'\303\253oh cfi'aim

; allusive.

CELEBRATING

THE

MAEEIAGE OF A

TO THE PBIKCE

OF ANOTHER

STATE.

\" The critics will all have it, that the poet's object was to set forth tbe virtue of the lady ; \" but I do not see that the writer to indicate wished that at all. His attention was taken by the splendour of the nuptials. Be that as it may, the virtue of the bride is supposed to be emblemed by the stupidity and quietness of the dove, unable to make a nest for herself, or making a very simple, unartistic one. The dove is a favourite emblem with all poets for a lady, but surely never, out of China, because of its \" One writer says, \" The duties of a wife are few and stupidity.\" confined ;\342\200\224there is no harm in her being stupid.\" That the dove is found in the magpie'snest, as assumed in breeding the allusive looked out for in China, and never lines, is a thing I often saw. Some of the critics, however, assert it. vehemently

magpie'snest the dove at rest. This young bride goes to her future
In the
Dwells

To meet

her a

hundred chariots come.))

home;

\317\200)

68) 2

THE Of the

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAET

I.)

BE

II.

iv.])

THE BOOK 0 to
0

OF POETEY.) !

69)

Is the
This

magpie's
dove

nest
;
Then

meet him
heart

bride

And escort

goes to

her new home to live a hundred chariots give.

wove

possest.

to greet
my

him !
would that

rest and southern

sing.
hill,

8
And

The nest magpie

Now

This bride now

these

filled by
takes

the dove.
;

numerous

to her home her way cars her state display.)

Turtle ferns I strove to get. While I my husband do not see, Sorrow must my heart beset.

Ascending

high

0 to meethim
0 to
my

greet him
heart

!
cease to
southern

II.

Then INDUSTRY

would
that

fret.
hill,

The
PRINCE'S

Ts'aefan;
WIFE,

narrative.

THE

AND

REVERENCE

OF A

ASSISTING

HIM IN SACRIFICING.

admiring and
duties.

We must suppose

the ladies of a harem, in one of the States of the South, her praising the way in which their mistress discharged

to find. Spinous ferns I sought While I my husband do not see, Hankies sorrow in my mind.

Ascending

high

1 Around

Fast
And

the pools, the

islets o'er,
southernwood,
store ;

0 to meet him
heart

she

To help

the

plucks
sacrificial

white

0 to

In my

greet him
would

!
be shrined.)

peace

for our
streams

prince does servicegood.

among
she

Where

Of southernwoods
And

To aid our

brings

it to
prince

the sacred

the valleys shine, the white plucks

IV.

;
YOUNG INGS.

shrine,
rite.

in solemn

The Ts'aepin; narrative. WIFE OF AN OFFICER,

THEDILIGENCE
DOING

AND REVERENCE HER PART IN SACRIFICIAL

OF THE OFFER

3 In. head-dress high, most reverent, she The temple seeks at early dawn.

She

The service o'er, the head-dresssee

To

her

own

chamber

slow withdrawn.)

And for the

Left

From valley
on

gathers

fast the
stream

large duckweed,
that

pondweed to the pools the plains by floods she goes.

closed her toil, round and baskets she hies to cook her
when

southward

flows ;

III.
; Ts'aou-ch'ung HIS ABSENCE BEWAILS
The RETURN.

2 The plants,
OF SOME GREAT OFFICER LONGS FOR THE JOY OF HIS
\342\200\242 In Then

narrative.
ON

THEWIFE
AND

baskets
home

she puts

DUTY,

In
3 In

pans

and

tripods
this

ready
she

there.
sets,

spoil,

square.

Shrill
While

chirp the insects in All about the hoppers

the

grass

Sorrow

I my
must

husband
my

do not see,
wring.)

spring.

sacredchamber

bosom

Where the light falls down through JTis she, our lord's reverent
Who

the wife,

wall.

manages this

young

service all.))

70)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

I.)

BE

IL

vin.]

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.
\"

71
Nay.

The
MEJIOBY NEATH

Kan

THE LOVE ov THE PEOPLE t'ang ; narrative. OF SHAOU MAKES THEM LOVE THE OF THE DUKE WHICH HE HAD BESTED.
of

FOE THE TEEES BE

I might have ta'en ; but I said, \" The dew is thick, at home I'll
2

stay.\"

You
How

say the
could

is mentioned in the preliminary note to tins' \" as having been invested with Chief of Shaou In the exerciseof that, he of the west. States the all over jurisdiction was somehow connect had won the hearts of the people, aud his memory eye, who would ed with the pear-tree which the poet had in his mind's \" think of the man often it, Chinese as the express make therefore them, and love the tree.\"
The

duke

Shaou

Book.

He is

here called

\"

the

0 fell

See

not that sweet

how

pear tree !
spread.
laid

You say this trial is a proof That I exchanged betrothal vows. made me here appear in court, But though you've Yet at betrothal what you did fell short. 3 You say the rat's teeth are complete.\342\200\224 ? could it else bore through your wall How

sparrow has a horn.\342\200\224 it else bore through your house ?

its

branches

Spoil not its

chief For Shaou's

shade, head.
tree !

But though
My

You say this Of plighted

to will

trial proves troth were

you've

my

vows

court

perfect all. forced me here to come,

you go

is firm

not ;\342\200\224I'll

with

home.)

Beneath

it his weary

2 O clip not that sweet Each twig and leaflet

'Tis When

pear

VII.
The Kaou yaug AT SOME COUET.)

spare. Shaou,

narrative.

THE

EASY

DIGNITY

\316\237\316\223 THE OFFICERS)

sacred weary,
not

Since the

lord of

now,

rested him

there. !

Arrayed
With

in skins
five

of lamb or
with

3 0

touch

that
a twig

Bend not
As

sweet pear tree of it now. show,

chief

silk
they

From court
All

all of white, braidings go, to take their meal,

spirits

sheep,

There long ago,

the

self-possessed, their

light.

stories

2 How on
Shaou.)
With

skins
seams

Oft halted

the

of

The five
easy

VI.

The Hing

loo ;

narrative and

allusive.

TO FOECE HEE TO MARRY, AND

A LADY RESISTS AN ATTEMPT AEGUES HER CAUSE.

From court, to take their meal,they go. or sheep Upon their skins of lamb Shines the white silk the seamsto link.
With

steps,

of lamb or sheep with white wrought and self-possessed,

silk show !

of the cases that came be that we have here a specimen It is thought to lady of Shin was promised in marriage fore the duke of Shaou.\342\200\224A his family, however, from The ceremonial offerings a man of Fung. as the rules required; and when he wished to meet were not so complete to carry out refused and convey her to his house, she and her friends her The case was brought to trial, and the lady made this the engagement. was not complied that, while a single rule of ceremony ode, asserting house. she would not leave her parents' with,

easy

steps
from

They go

court

and self-possessed, to eat and drink.)

VIII.
The BAND

A LADY'S ADMIRATION or HEE HUS Yin Tt'e Ivy ; allusive. FOE HIS KETUEN. ABSENT ON PUBLIC SEEVICE, AND HEB LONGING 1

1 The
Thither

de\\v

thick at

on the

wet paths lay

my
way)

Grand
Beyond

in the
that

south the thunder

lofty
hill.))

rolls,

early

dawn

72

THE

BOOK

OF

I. \316\223\316\237\316\225\316\244\316\225\316\244. [?AET

BK
herself

II.

XL])

THE

BOOK OF

POETET.)

73)

Why
Brief Absent

must he

May he
Along

at space my noble
return !

go, nor dare to stay

rest and still lord I mourn,
he return
\303\217

may

2 Grand in the south the thunder

that

rolls

mountain's

side.

It is the early dawn, and she is returning and her companions. her visit to the prince's chamber, which had been allowed her by his wife, who alone could pass the whole night with her husband. T.he others were admitted only for a short time, and had to go and return in of king Wan and T-ae-szewrought, the dark. But so had the influence Shaou and tlie South the wives of the princes dealt kindly that throughout with their inferiors. and the others were not en They were not jealous, Such is the interpretation vious. given to this piece.
from

nor dare this, Why must he go from Brief time at rest to bide 1 lord I mourn, noble Absent my

May he return ! may he return ! Grand in the south the thunder rolls,
Around

that

mountain's
this,

base.
nor

Why must he go from Indulge himself a

Absent

May he return

my

noble
!

lord
may

space1
he

dare

1 Behold those starlets small, How three or five the east illume ! we came when fell the gloom, Swiftly at dawn the hall And now Of the harem we leave, nor dare gainsay Our lot which grants us here no longer stay.

2 Beholdthose starlets
Orion

small,

I mourn,
return !)
And

and the
we

Swiftly

Pleiads bright ! came as failed the light,

to the hall

here

IX.
The

Our coverlets and sheets. Now we return, Nor our inferior lot presumeto mourn.)
ANXIETY OF A YOUNG LADY TO XI.

brought

P'eami
MABBIED.

yen mei

narrative.

GET

Ripe,
Only

Ye whosehearts on me are set,

Now

the plums fall from the bough; left there now ! tenths seven
the

The Eiang
OP GOOD

yew

FEELING

sze ; allusive. IN A HAEEM.

JEALOUSY

CUBED ; THE RESTORATION

time

is fortunate
fall left

2 Eipe, the plums Only three tenths Ye who wish my

Will

from the bough now ! there

love to

The bride of some prince in the south, we are told, had refused to allow who by rule should have accompaniedher, to go with her to but afterwards, coming under the influence of King Wan and she repented of her jealousy, sent for them, and was happy Tae-sze, with them. The lines agree tolerably well with this traditional inter
her cousins, the harem;

not

now

apply

in vain
the
now

gain,

pretation.

1 See how
!
Here
When

3 No more plumsupon All are in my basket

Ye

the Keang's

bough
!

leave
first

who

me with

Need the word

ardour seek,
freely

but

speak

!)

She would She would But soona better courseshe tried.

its stream, and there back our lady came as bride, not have us by her side. not us by her side ; have

great branchesflow,

go !

2
SUBMISSION THE THANKFUL allusive. The S\303\253aou sing; MEMBEKS OP A HAREM. LOT OF THE INFEB10B TO THEIR

The Which

islets soon

part the resumes

us

When first as bride our

the

Keang's broad course, its wonted force.

lady

came,

We have

here the

description

by .one

of

the

concubines

of

lot

of)

To be

with

she

thought

it shame.))

74
To

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.

[PAKT

I.)

BE

II.

XIV.]

THE BOOK

OF

FOETET.

75)

Ere
When

be with
long

she

us she thought it shame ; she was to blame. knew

the

3 As
To

threads of
form

silk togethertwine,
faithful

3 The TO streams,from
Mow devious,
first

river

we

She would not She would not But to a songshe

and rejoin its bed. saw our lady here, us to come near. deign us to come near ; deign
changed

led,

So may
Of

gallant

the union close abide and royal bride prince

XIV.

the angler's

line

;
!)

her

sneer.

The
.) SOUTH

Tsow-yu : narrative. FOB HIS BENEVOLENCE.)

CELEBRATING

BOMB

PRINCE

IN

THE)

XII.
sze Tteiin ; allusive and narrative. y\303\253ro LAUT EESISTS THE ATTEMPTS OP A BEDUCEB.) 1

The fay
In
With

\316\224 VIBTUOUS

TOUKG)

the wild
Wrapt

lies an
in a

up her

Whom

mat of white grass. of the spring comes a thoughts a treacherous fop watches pass.
grow there

antelopedead,

of the words of the piece depends on the meaning interpretation in the third line. Both Maou and Choo take these as the name \" of a wild beast, a righteous beast, a white tiger with black spots, which does not tread on live grass, and does not eat any living thing, making when a State is ruled its appearance by a prince of perfect benevolence This view of them has been called in question, but the and sincerity.\" correct in favour of its substantial concluding ode of Book i. is decisive ness.
This
Tson-yu

maid,

1 Five

boars collect where grow the

strong

rushes rank

and

2 Scrubbyoaks In the wild

the forest around a lies stretched

Closeand
\" Hold

As a gem seethe maiden

thy \" Be thou

tight

with

the

; dead deer, white matting bound.

appear.

He only sends '2 Five

one arrow
Oh ! the

all
Tsow-yu

the
is

five among. he ! mugwort

hand, civil, with

and beware, and haste my

Meddlenot
Do not

make my

Sir,\" she cries. not to wrong. handkerchiefs ties. Pass along.\ bark. dog

He only

pigs collectwhere strong ;

sends

grows

the

rank and

Oh !

one

arrow
the

all the five

is he

among.
!))

Tsow-yu

Kill.
The Ho pe PRINCESSES.

nung

allusive.

THE MAEEIAGE OF ONE

OF THE BOYAL

Of flowers in clusters large and gay, How bright the sparrow-plum's display
In

reverent

The chariots of the royal bride. 2 These flowerstheir clusterslargeand gay, As of the peach or plum display. of the Peaceful king This grand-child
Joy

harmony

on glide

to

the

marquis5

son shall

bring.)

76)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

BE

[PART

I.)

III. And

i.]) aimless

THE BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

77)

The fever
BOOK
THE
OF \316\2401.

I might
of mind
Reflecting

I might my

muse, my thoughts with wine refresh my

and,

of sorrow full.
spirit

worn

go forth,
heart
resembles
all

; but grief
not a
th'

sauntering

holds sullen rule.

try to

cool

My

ODES OF PfEI.

its

its name to this Book, and of Tung which gives next, we hardly knojr anything. Long before the time of with the State of Wei ; and it is Confucius, they had becomeincorporated universally acknowledgedthat the odes of Books iii., iv., and v. are odes of Wei. Why they should he divided into three parts, two of which are has baffled all assigned to P'ei and Yung respectively, is a question which the critics. of its oE Shang, the domain When king Woo overthrew the dynasty north of their capi by him into three portions. That kings was divided ta] was P'ei ; that south of it was Yung ; and that east of it was Wei. into three principalities Thesewere constituted ; but who among his ad ascertained. herents were invested with P'ei and Yung has not been clearly The marquises of Wei, however, managed in course of time to add them to their own territory. of Woo, of whose The first marquis of Wei was K'ang-shuh,a brother The first capital investiture we have an account in the Book of History. of the State was on the north of the Ho, to the east of Ch'aou-ko, the old There it continued till B.c. 659, when the State was of Shang. capital hordes, and duke Tae removed by Borne northern nearly extinguished duke across the river to Ts'aou ; but in a couple of years, his successor, the present district of Shing-woo, Wan, removed again to Ts'oo-K'\303\253w,\342\200\224in
P'ei

which gives

name

to the

With me in 3 My
And mind

Upon their hearts;

it receives. impressions The good love, the bad regard with hate ; I only cherish whom my heart believes. ColleaguesI have, but yet my spirit grieves, That on their honour I cannot depend. I speak,but my complaint no influence leaves

mirror plate,

with

mine

anger
is

no feelings

they,

and

fierce

disdain

blend; contend.

Be

turned

to that, and that alone, alike within, without ; Nor can like mat be rolled and carried out. With in presence of them all, dignity,
what

and cannot, fixed, at will indifferently

give,

like a

abont ;

stone,

I think,

utterance

If there

be aught 4 How full of

With

My foes I

My conduct marked,my
boldly

goodness

challenge,

great

who shall scout and small,

in

me

they

can in question

call.

department

of Ts'aou-chow,

Shan-tung.)

I,

The Pih climv ; mostly narrative. WITH AKD CONTEMPT THE NEGLECT

AN

OFFICES

WHICH HE

WAS

OF WORTH BEWAILS TREATED. ,

piece by Maou, who refers it to the time He contends against him that we the wife of one of the mar K\303\253ang, have complaint of Chwang quises of Wei, because of the neglect with which she was treated by her the view of the husband. Mencius, however, VII. ii. XIX., sanctions officer, neglected by piece which regards it as the complaint of a worthy his ruler, and treated with contempt by a host of mean creatures.

Such is the
duke

view

taken

of

the

of

K'ing, in it the

B.c.

866\342\200\224854.Choo

My

is my anxious heart ! blatant herd of creatures mean Ceaseless Of their attacks the smart pursue. Keepsmy mind iu distress. Their venomed spleen vents and with insulting mien itself; Aye They vex my soul ; and no one on my side A word will speak. Silent, alone, unseen, think of my sad case ; then opening wide sore-tried. eyes, as if from sleep, I beat my breast,
trouble the
hate

5 Thy

1 It

floats about, that boat of cypress wood, borne. Now here, now there, as by the current mood ; Nor rest nor sleep comesin my troubled has torn wound I suffer as when painful The shrinking body. Thus I dwell forlorn,)

Would

disk, 0 sun, shouldever be complete, 0 changing thine, moon, doth wax and wane. But now our sun hath waned, weak and effete, are ever full. And moons My heart with pain Is firmly bonnd, and held in sorrow's chain, As to the body cleavesan unwashed dress. Silent I think of my sad case ; in vain I try to find relief from my distress. I had wings to fly where ills no longer press !))
While

78)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETKY)

[PAKT I.)

BE

III.

in.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

79

II.)
Luh e, metaphorical-allusive. WIFE. 6IGNED, OB A NEGLECTED
The if it had

But

THE COMPLAINT,
been
written

SAD

BUT

EE-

This ode is interpreted as duke Chwang, The marquis Yang, better known as marchioness of Wei. She was a of the House of Ts'e, in B.c. 755. married her, a daughter he took another as she had no child, and, character ; admirable of lady She had a son who died early ; but a Kwei of the state of Ch'in. wife, her to the harem, gave had who accompanied Tae called Kwei, a cousin, in due as destined recognized the marquis whom birth to a son, Hwan, But own. her as child this up brought K\303\253ang time to succeed. Chwang a son, called Chowalso bore inferior of rank, another lady of the harem, The mar young man. a bold, dashing, unprincipled yu, who grew up subse murdered was who by Hwan, and was succeeded in

by Chwang

a K\303\253ang,

Sufferers who were resigned.)

Hard my lot, my sorrow deep, my thoughts in check I keep. Ancient to mind story brings

III.
; allusive and narrative. GRIEF AT THE DEPARTURE OF TAB
The

Yen-yen

CHWANG KWEI,

L\303\204DT'S VIRTUE.

K\303\211 ANG RELATES HER AND CELEBRATES THAT

quis died
quently

734,

Yellow is or favourite in the piece. concubine the while green is one of of the Chinese, colours correct five the of one Here we have the yellow \" lessesteemed. \" are that colours intermediate in the lower, or less used merely as a lining to the green, or employed and intimating of inversion propriety, the dress of ;\342\200\224an honourable part the place of the rightful wife, and thrust how the concubine had got into

is the Chow-yu's mother \" \"

by Chow-yu.

The introductory note to the last ode speaksboth of Chwang K\303\253ang Tae Kwei. When duke Hwan, the son of the latter, was murdered by his half-hrother, Chow-yu, in B.C. 718, she returned\342\200\224was obliged, to return\342\200\224to her native prohably, state of Ch'in. the Chwang K\303\253ang, continued in Wei. and here bewails marchioness-dowager, the loss of her virtuous friend and companion.
and

With

About the
Homeward

wings,

not
the

swallows stir.
lady

level,

spread,

her down.
1

And I
\"When

escorted her.

sped,

the upper robe is green, a yellow With lining seen, There we have a certain token

And

when

Like rain,
2
Now

away from sight she came falling my tears

about,

passed,
fast.

Right is
How

wronged and order broken.

sorrow

The swallowsfly

can

In a
Lower

caselikethis depart
green the
garment

from my heart
?

Sheto her home

up, now

down, they dart.

set

2 Colour

robe displays ;
Haze.

Her
3

And
form

I was loth
when

to part.

out,

Thus it is that favourite

yellow's

Long time
Above,

distance I stood, and their

swallows

mean
grief;

from me kept, silent wept. cry

vent.

In the placeof
Vain the
Memory

wife
with

is seen.
my

beneath,
flying

conflict
the

The

denies relief.
green

Homeward

Far

she passed,
her

and I
went.
me

with

southwards

3 Yes, 'twas you

who dyed,
pride.

You who fed the favourite's rises in my heart, Anger

Her form when distance from With bitter grief my heart 4

With

bore

was

sore.

Pierces it as with
But

a dart.

This lady Chung loved me Docile and

feeling

on ancient

Lest to wrong
Fine

rules lean I,
thoughts
thin

true

my

should
dress,

fly.

Nor
Unworthy

failed
me

good was

and deep.
she,

or coarse, if

the

Cold winds always

cause distress.)

Taught to respectour

the right to keep. her deed and word

former

lord.))

80)

THE

BOOK OF

POETKY.)

[PAKT

I.)

III. \316\225\316\232

VI.]

THE BOOK Scornful and

OP

POETEY.

81

lewd his words,

his

IV.) The JlJi

yneh ;

narrative.

CHWANG
TREATMENT

COMPLAINS K\303\213.ANG WHICH

PEALS
HER

AGAINST, HUSBAND.

THE

BAD

or, AND AP SHE RECEIVED FBOM

Bound is my heart with In sorrow's coil.

Haughty

smile. cords

See the

introductory notes to

the

two last

pieces.

2 As cloudof
Just
And

dust

wind-blown,

such
come

O sun so bright, O moon so fair, This lower earth that light, this man, so bold to dare Behold
mind ? shall he fix his restless Would he not then to me be kind ? How

Heady he seemsto own,

But he

is he.

comesnot

to me.
nor

Transgress
sun,

the

ancient

right.

Stands Grieved

Long, long, with 3 Strong blew

the

in his pride.
painful

goes, throes,

I abide.
wind the ; the

O'erspreads this earth

this

O moon,

whose shining
with
wilful

vault

cloud

below,
fault,

Behold

man,

Soondark I
wake,

Hastened away.
again,

shroud

Kindness

refuse

to show.

Covers the
and

His restlessmind how shall he turn ? He couldnot then my fondness spurn. in upper O sun, O moon, 3 sphere, That from the east comeforth,
This

day.
eyes.

Visits
His

sleep
my

no more

course
With

I sad

deplore,
sighs.

heavy

man

But

speaks
of

phrases
worth. so much

sounding fair, forget.

4 Cloudy
The

the sky, and dark ;

thunders

all

little me

roll.

Were but his mind

He
4

to goodnessset,

Such

could

not

O sun so bright, 0 moon so fair, come ; That from the east forth O parents dear, whose tender care

well mark My troubled soul.

outward signs
and

wake,

His

Comes to give rest. course I sad deplore,

sleep

no more

Ne'er

comes

in

If fixed his He could not

mind,
thus

home ; reason sage 'gainst my heart outrage.

this

uew

In anguished

breast.)

VI,
V.

The

Ke'i\303\254i narrative. \303\214\303\214OO;

The

Ciamgftmg

metaphorical-allusive.

THE

SUPERCILIOUS

TREATMENT

BEMOANS CHWANG K\303\213ANG WHICH SHE BECEIVED FROM HEB HUS

TION FBOM FINAL.

THEIR

FAMILIES,

SOLDIERS or WEI HEWAIL THEIR SEPARA AND ANTICIPATE THAT IT WILL BE

BAND.

1 Fierce

And

is the such is
wind

and

cold
bold

he.

Smilinghe looks,and
Speaks

mockingly.)

718, Wei twice joined in an expedition against Ch'ing. Chowjust murdered duke Hwan, and the peoplewere restless under his rule. To divert their to other minds, and make himself acceptable States, he attacked made an agreement with Ch'ing ; and having Sung, and a Ch'in, force marched against that State. This ex Ts'ae, combined pedition did not last long, and a secondwas undertaken in autumn, in
B.C.

In

yu had

VOL. in.

6))

82)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.) it is

[PART

I.)

BE

III.

VIII.]

THE BOOK

OF

POETE Y.

83)

alliance with a force from Loo. It is supposed that tions that reference is made in the piece.

to these opera

2 On that

1 List

Some raiseTs'aou's
But

See how
we

to the

thunder

and

roll

we

spring

and

drum ! brandish the dart

of the do fieldwork

!
at home ;
3

Bright

jujube tree the wind, From the south, blowssoft and Till its branches all are seen
and

kind,

rich

walls

; some

to the

southward

lonely depart.

Wise our mother is and Goodness we have never

See that
How

in living

green.
good;
showed.

has made, 2 Our chief, Sun \"Tsze-chung, agreement Our forces to join with Ch'iri and with Sung. When shall we back from this service be led ? Our heartsare all sad, our courage unstrung.
3

its

cool and crystal

waters
forth in

comfort
the

spring,
!

All who dwell

Welling

bring,
near,
to cheer

city
Tseun

Here
Anon

we are halting, and lose our we soon

The forest's gloommakes Each thicket of trees

there we delay ; high-mettled steeds.

our

Pained our mother is and tried, As if help we seven denied.

4 In their

yellow

steps

go astray;

Lovely gleam

our

searching

misleads.
word.
vowed,

4 For death as for life, at home or abroad, faithfullest our We pledged to our wives we Their hands clasped in ours, together accord. live to old age in sweetest We'd
5 This

And their notes fall or\303\255 the ear, Rich and, oh ! so sweet to hear. Seven sons we, without the art To compose our mother's heart

those birds to sight,

plumage

bright,

!)

VIII.

The word that

Us

march to the south can end but in ill ; we our wives again meet. Oh ! never shall
we

The Hetmg che ; allusive ABSENCE OP HEE HUSBAND,

1

and AND

narrative. A WIFE DEPLORES CELEBRATES HIS VIBTUE.

THE

pledged

home

returning

we cannot they never will

fulfil

Away
With

the startled
lazy heart's

greet.)

Borne was my
VII.
What
SEVEN RESTLESS

movement

pheasant flies, of his wings.

lord

from

pain

the separation

brings !

my eyes

;\342\200\224

The JS'aefang
IN

WEI

; metaphorical-allusive. FOR THE BLAME THEMSELVES

SONS OF SOME TAMIL r UNHAPPINESS OP THEIR

MOTHEB.

not rest in her widowhood, but would mother, it is supposed, ou the ode says nothing to marry again ; and it is added, though on them the point, that the sons, by laying the blame of her restlessness selves, recalled her to a sense of her duty.
The
wanted

2 The pheasant,though no move in view, His cry, below,above, forth sends. Alas ! my princely lord, 'tis you,\342\200\224 Your that my bosom rends. absence, 3 At sun and moon I sit and gaze,

In

converse from

with me

1 On

that

Prom the south, blowssoft

jujube

tree

the wind,
and

Par, far
When

my my

will

he men,
ye

come to
not

troubled heart. husband stays !

heal its smart ?

kind,
grace.

lotto bear!) 'Twasour mother's

Till each twig, in inmost place, Swells with life, and shineswith O how great the toil and care

who with him mate, his virtuous way. His rule is\342\200\224covet nought, none hate ;\342\200\224 How can Eis steps from gooduess stray ?))
Ye

princely

Say, mark

S\303\255)

THE

BOOK OF

I.) \316\223\316\237\316\225\316\244\316\225\316\244.) [PART

III. \316\225\316\272

x.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETEY.)
oft

85)
hand ;

IX.

4 The and
narrative.

The

Peanu

LICENTIOUS

; allusive y fin Ji'oo y\303\251li MANNERS OP WEI.

AGAINST

THE

And
Others

boatman beckons, waving

with

his

him may

others the
to my

cross,

but I
with

here stand.

cross,
friend,

but not

I wait

The old school held that this piece was directed against dulie Se\303\261en, Choo, and his wife also. who was distinguished for his licentiousness, in the object of the piece, yet demurs to this particu agreeing generally here, as several of of Seuen may be given lar reference. Somenotice of him and his doings. the odes that follow are'interpreted a lady of his father's harem, by an inces His first wife was E K\303\253ang, became tuous connection with whom he had a son, called Keih-tsze, who he contracted a marriage for this son his heir-apparent. By-and-by in as Seuen K\303\253ang ; but on her arrival with a daughter of Ts'e,known and by her he he took her himself, and her moved beauty, youth Wei, by ; herself in vexation E K\303\253ang and Soh. hanged had two sons,\342\200\224Show to Sfiien was prevailed on by Soh and his mother time in of course and in a noble, but fruit consent to the death of Keih-tsze,Show persisting In the next year, the duke died, and life. less, attempt to preservehis was succeededby Soli, when the court of Ts'e insisted on Ch'aou-peh. Seuen K\303\253ang. From this connection another son of Seuen, marrying of Wei, and two daughters, sprang two sons, who both becamemarquises married the rulers of other States. who of the conrt of Wei, we can well perceive When such was the history that connexions licentiousness that prevailed throughout the State ; and formed. were condemns continually being this which kind of the piece

I darenot rush By virtue's law

my

them I go ; to time show. proper mere lust ; gratify control I must.) lusts

X.
The

Kuh

fung ; metaphorical,
SUPPLANTED

allusive,

OP A WIPE

BY ANOTHER,

THE PLAINT and narrative. AND KEJECi'ED BY HEB HUSBAND.

The
With

east wind
cloudy
wife

gently blows,
and rain.
ne'er
should

skies
obtain.

'Twixt man and But harmony

Radish

be strife,

and mustard
name
me

While 2

Are used, though

my

plants
be poor

some

Don't thrust
Slow,

good

is free
from

from blame,
door.

your heart.

I go alongthe road,
with

1 Its

bitter leaves still hang upon the gourd ; ford. Deepis the water where we cross the Conditions these which well might make them pause, But bent are they to break the heavenly laws ! \"if deep, clothes on go through; \"We'll cross,\" say, they clothes will do.\" If shallow, holding up our
The female pheasant'scry
Now
will

reluctant

Your escort
There
Sow-thistle,

lame to door but came, glad from me to part.

bitter

called,

With

As shepherd's purse new mate you your

As joyousbrothers meet.
the

is sweet; feast elate,

of King

2 To

overflowing

full

the

ford

appears
salutes

;
their

ears.

3
You

Part clear,
Loose mate,
What

stream

In
\" \"

vain

pause, they the warning

pheasant callsher mate.\" the day, In early morn, when 'gins to dawn away, In spring, the ice not yet dissolved who home his wife would bring, The gentleman, ring. the goose, whose notes harmonious Presents down ; lays Such is the rale that virtue's law I will ever own.) And such the rule which
And

The

depth,\" by

they her cry the

nor tempt the foaming stream. ; more intent they seem. \" say : our axles will not wet,

Is foul beside the Wei. feast elate with your new no heed of me. take And
avoid

mate,

Nor dare my basket Person slighted, life all

can

my dam, move !

blighted,
prove ?

the

future Pd

4
And

The water deep, in boat,

Or where

raft-sustained, the stream dived or breasted

go ; did narrow
through.))

seem,

86)

THE

BOOK

OF

POE\303\217EY.)

[PAKT

I.)

BE

III.

xiii.]

THE BOOK

OF

\316\223\316\237\316\225\316\244\316\225\316\244. 87)

I laboured
When

to increase Our means,or greator small ; 'mong friends near death did appear,
On

XII.

knees

to help

Pd crawl.
give,

The Maoit Ik'en: ; allusive OF LE COMPLAIN OF THOSE

and

THE BEFUGEE MINISTERS narrative. OF WEI FOR NOT ASSISTING THEM.

Fm hostile in your eyes. As pedlar's,wares for which none My virtues you despise.
When

No cherishing you

1 On that high With joints cares,

sloping

mound,

The plants
Show
thus

now parted
we

wide,
style,

of

dolichos

I strove our
You,

poverty

was

DOW

rich

To poison

means to spare; grown, me scorn to own;

me

nigh,

Wei's nobles,whom
Why
delay rest Do

here

we long
on us

abide.
uncles

to smile

They

and

compare.

The stores for winter

now,

So

Are all unprized in spring.

elate

piled

Wherefore protract

they

do not stir allies expect ?

the

;\342\200\224

time

with

your
you

new mate,

Somereasonthey
For conduct,

AVhy us

so much neglect ?
could

Myself away
Your
A

strange in this our need.

of

surely

plead

fling.

cool disdain for

anguish

me
prime,

ID

chariots

bitter

hath. In

sweet The early time, our love's Tn you wakes only wrath.)

Hither from danger borne, Wei we live depressed,

Our

the west,

fox-furs

Ye nobles, uncles,sooth to For us no sympathy display.

4
SOME

frayed

and worn.
say,

XI. THE OFFICERS OF The Shih mei; narrative. AND IN DISTRESS IN WEI, EXHORT WERE REFUGEES BETUEN WITH THEM. It
State

A remnant
Driven

small of
from

Le,
home ;

our

STATE, WHO THEIE BULEB TO

is

supposed

that

adjoining

Wei, in

the speakers in these two verses were from Le, a which they had taken refuge in the time of duke

Children dispersed, we hoped That from Wei would come. help Alas ! though the robes you wear, grand You stop your ears against our prayer.)
XIII.
The

proper

Seuen.

1 At this low

ebb !

At

this

low

Why not, 0 prince, return But for your sake, why bide Houseless beneath the dew to
At

ebb ! to Le ? we here,

Keen
AN

he ;

narrative

and OF

allusive.
TELLS

SOBROW,

OFFICER

WEI

HALF IN SCOKN, HALF IN OF THE MEAN SEBVICES IN

be ?

WHICH HE WAS
1

EMPLOYED.

this
Why

low
not

But for your Here in the mire so longhave

ebb ! At this low ebb ! to Le go back again ? how should we person,

lain
\303\216)

In

With
every

mind
when

indifferent,
I prompt

dance

Then,

There,in the placethat

the sun

is at his topmost height ;

courts

things I easy take. appearance make :\342\200\224

the

public

sight.))

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET

I.)

III.

XVI.]

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.

8(J

2 With figure large I in the court-yard dance, And the duke smiles, when he beholdsine A I have ; the steeds swift tiger's strength The reins as ribbons in my hands are found.

prance.
bound

my heart go far astray, Panting for its native Wei ? 4 By the Fei-tsfeuen'swinding
Does Daily sighing Sen and Ts'aou

stream stray.

thought
in

will

3 See how

I hold the flute in iny left hand ; In right the pheasant'splume, waved like a wand ; With visage red, where rouge you think to trace, While the duke pleased,sendsdown the cup of grace !
has
thoughts ; the ling in meadow damp;\342\200\224 its place, while I'm a slightedscamp. go back to th' early days of Chow,

memory !

Broken

Gone the grief my

Spring,

glints of
horses

childhood's day.
Speed, feels
!)

gleam,

my

my wheels

bosom

4 Hazelson hills
Each
My

XV.

The Pih

\316\217\316\231\316\231\316\231\316\240 and ; metaphorical

narrative.

And

inuse

0 noble

upon its
who

chiefs, not
then

equalled

now.
?)

Would ye

chiefs,
have

the

thus

neglected

west adorned, ine and scorned

FORTH, RATHER JESTINGLY, HIS HARD LOT, IN SUBMISSION TO HEAVEN.

AN OFFICER OF WEI SETS AND HIS SILENCE UNDER IT

XIV.

The Ts'eiien shmuy ; allusive and narrative. A DAUGHTER IN ANOTHER HOUSE OF WEI, MARRIED STATE, EXPRESSES HER TO REVISIT WEI.

1 My way leads forth by the gate on the north of woe. My heart is full I hav'n't a cent, begged, stolen, or lent, me so. And friends forget
OF THE

So let it
What

be ! 'tis Heaven's

decree.

LONGING

can I

say,\342\200\224a poor

fellow

like me

It is not dead. It
if

said would

who this princesswas ; but her parents must have been have been allowable for her to visit them at stated times
alive.

they

were still
1 As

2 The king has his throne, sans sorrow or moau ; On me fall all his cares, And when I come home, resolvednot to roam,
Each

the streamlet from into the river Flows

daily

its

one

spring-

So let it
What

be ! 'tis Heaven's

indignant

stares.
decree,

on wing thoughts to thee Wei, Fly, my native there For I long with cousins Counsel

So my

E/e,
;

can I

say,\342\200\224a poor

fellow

like me

3 Each thing
On

sweet and
at

love to share.
I stayed

2 Fora night,
Parents,
Such

Tse

Drank the cup to Ne when

brothers,
the

;
come

Solet it be ! 'tisHeaven's
; What

the and the fate of king, come more and more. And sad and worn, I come when, thrust me from the door. They me decree.

of the State,

back forlorn,
?)

fate

Parentsare not
Aunts and
8

farewell bade :\342\200\224 on leaving home.

alive

can I

say,\342\200\224a poor

fellow

like me

now

sister still survive. again.

;
The
PRESSES

XVI.

Pih
HIS

fung;

metaphorical-narrative.

Lo ! I
Pause

Let the rushing chariot-wheel

hasten home
at Kan,
flashing

FRIENDS TO LEAVE THE IN CONSEQUENCE OP THE PREVAILING

OF WEI SOME ONE COUNTRY WITH HIM AT ONCE, OPPRESSION AND MISERY.

Pebbles

and part
to

at Yen,
steel.)

1 As
And

its

when the north winds keenly blow, all around fast falls the snow,))

90

THE

B.OOK

OF

POETET.

[PAET I.

BE:

III.

xix.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

91)

The source of pain and suffering great, So now it is in Wei's poor State.

Oh !

Let

us

'Tis

My friends and lovers all.

not

join

hands

and haste away,

the grass does not dwell in my thought, fair.) But the donor,more elegant,
XVIII.

a time
for

will brook

delay ;
call. shrill, The Sin
DUKE

Things 2 As when the

prompt winds

action whistle

t'ae ;
AND

allusive-narrative.

SATIRIZING

THE

MARRIAGE

OF

SEUEN

SEUEN

K\303\213ANG.

north

each hollow fill, snows And drifting The source of pain and suffering great. So now it is in Wei's poor State. Let us join hands, and leave for aye, 'Tis
all, My friends and lovers not a time will brook delay; Things for prompt action call.

how duke stated In the introductory note to Ode IX., it has been Seuen took to himself the lady who had been contracted to marry his eon Keih-tsze. It is only necessary to add here, that to accomplish his purpose,he caused a towpr to be built near the Ho, where he received the We are not to suppose detained her. on her way from Ts'e, and lady or otherwise mis-shaped;\342\200\224the that the duke was hump-backed poet so describes Mm, to express how he loathed his character.

3 We

look

The creatures, both Well suit the state our Let us join hands and mount My friends and lovers all. for wordy jars ; remains No time

For black,

for

red, and foxes

crows

meet ;

and

our vision greet. of omen bad, of Wei so sad. cars,

1 The New tower, fresh and bright, they show, Wliere its vast volume rolls the Ho ;\342\200\224 For a palace rare. bride To Wei she came, a mate to find ; a husband young and kind, She sought
But

found

this

mis-shaped
tower

bear.

Things for

prompt

action

call.)

2 There standsthe New Where with still stream

For

bride
she

To Wei
XVII. A GENTLEMAN DEPLORES HIS DISAP narrative. neu; POINTMENT IN NOT BEING MET BY A LADY ACCORDING TO ENGAGEMENT, AND CELEBRATES HEB, GIFTS AND BEAUTY.
Tsing

came,

a palace rare. a mate to

this

and high, grand the Ho flows by ;\342\200\224

find

She

sought

But found

a husband young
mis-shaped

and kind,
bear. set,
get,

The

3 As when And lo !

the net for fish they a gooseensnaredthey

stamp
she

1 0

sweet maiden,
At the

so fair

and

corner I'm

waiting

And I'm scratching my head, What on earth it were best I

2 Oh

retiring, for you ; and inquiring

should

So

They
might

do.

The genial son, and in his stead Got but the hump-backed sire.)

with sudden ire ; who came to wed stamp

! the maiden, so handsome and coy, a pledge gave a slim rosy reed. Than the reed is she brighter, my joy ; On her loveliness how my thoughts feed
For

XIX.
The SONS

Urli-tsze or DUKE

; SEUEN.

narrative.

SURMISES

AS TO THE DEATH

or

TWO

3 In

the pastures a
And

she

gave

it, so

t'e blade she sought,

elegant, rare.)

to

and Sob had plotted on Ode IX., how Seuen K\303\253ang rid of Keihto the State by getting Soli's succession on to send him on At last the duke was prevailed tsze, the proper heir. a mission to Ts'e, that he shouldbe waylaid by ruffians,)) haviug arranged stated, clear

It has been

the way for

92)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

[PART

I.)

IV. \316\225\316\272 T.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

Show hecame aware bank of the Ho. after he landed on the northern the scheme, told Keih-tszeof it, and advised him to escape to another to do this, the other took his boat, personated State. Keih-tsze declining him, and was murdered by the ruffians. When Keih-tsze awoke, and found that Show was gone, he divined his object, took another boat, and in language which him ; crying out, as he drew near the ruffians, followed must always recall to a western reader the words of \305\203isus,
of Me, me!

BOOK

IV.)

adgum qui fed

\"

in

me convertite

ferrum.

THE ODES OF YUNG.

THERE is little to be said here beyond what has been stated of the last Book. The statistical account of the present that the capital of Yung was in the north-east of the

It was too late. dered him also.

intimate 1

The

mur that they might make no mistake,\" ruffians, the facts, but the people here The duke tried to conceal
truth.

their suspicions of the The

Whose What

two youths
shadow evil

went into their boats, on the water floats. to them came ?

Keih, department Wei-hwey,

on the title dynasty Bays present district of

Ho-nan.)

SomeOne must be to blame. 2 Into their boats the two youths passed, And on the stream werecarriedfast.
What
With

Anxious and wondering, long we muse ; hearts are tossed with tossing views. Our

The Peh
TJEGED

charv ; allusive. TO MAKBY AGAIN.

PBOTEST

OP A WIDOW AGAINST

BEING

was

there
thought
thoir

to alarm

?
trace,
?)

The secret of

longing

we fain would ill-starred race.

harm

Did they not come to

piece, it is said, was made by Kung Keang, the widow of Kungof the marquis He, B.c. 854\342\200\224813.Her husband dying anearly tleath, her parents, who must have been the marquis of Ts'e and his wife, or one of the ladies of his harem, wanted to force upon her a second which she here protests. This reference marriage ;\342\200\224against of the piece to Kung historical difficulties ; but, no doubt, the Kcang is not without was piece preserved as au example of what the Chinesehave always con sidered a great virtue,\342\200\224the refusal of a widow to marry A again. famous writer gives his opinion on the point tlius :\342\200\224\" It may be asked whether a widow left solitary and poor, \302\253 ith none to dependon, may not I reply that such is the suggestion of marry again, to which subsequent times through fear of want and starvation. But to die of want is a very small matter, while the loss of chastity is a very great matter ! \" But mete out different measures for the widow why should Chinesemoralists and the widower \303\216)
The

peh, son

You

mid Ho that cypress boat floats free, a second marriage press on me. I see my hnsband's youthful forehead there, on it the twin tufts And of falling hair. Rather than wed Pll die, I swear ! again O mother 0 Heaven supreme, why should dear, not allow my vow, and aid my purpose good ?
In the While

friends

2 Near

While friends a secondmarriage on press He was my only one, with forehead fair, And on it the twin tufts of falling hair.)

to the bank that

cypress

boat

floats

free,
me.

i'1, I,))

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

[PART

I.)

\316\272 IV. \316\222

iv.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

95)

Till death

to
dear,

shun

O mother
You

the evil O Heaven

not allow my

vow, and aid my

II.

I swear supreme, why

thing
purpose

!
should
?)

Majestic Her

robes

good

Fit seemsit she such

But, lady, vain
No is

as a river, the various

large and fair ; figured forms display.

pictured

robes

should

wear !

claim

to it

can you, in virtue wanting, lay.

;

all your

grand array ;

\302\267

The

Ts'\303\253ang yem

ts'ze ;

allusive. WEEE

OF THE PALACE

OF WE!

THE THINGS DONE IN THE HAEEM TOO SIIAHE\303\216ULTO BE TOLD.

\" are supposed to refer to the connexion The \" things done in the harem has been mentioned on the between and Seuen K ang, which Ch'aou-peh 9th ode of last Book.

the 1 As grows on wall tribulus, And 'gainst the brush retainsits hold in the harem done So let what's us without remain untold. By

2 Her pheasant-figured robe resplendent shines, Her hair, jet-black, cloud-like surmounts her head Her own, no false locks with it she entwines. Then see her ear-plugs,of the precious jade ; Her comb-pin, of the finest ivory made ; And her forehead, high shining pure and white. In
3 At

Like visitant
fashion

come

down

from heaven,
rite,\342\200\224 no

thus,

for

sacrificial

arrayed
wight.

Well

may

we goddess

call her, and

earthly

What must be told would

With

tongue

defile

things

unfit

for the

speech, tribulus,

and vile.

2 As grows on wall
us

Which vainly to remove we try So let what's in the harem done

By

without

If on
The

detailswe

unspoken
condescend,

lie.

narrative

would have no
the

end.

court now see her, on occasions great, Tomeetthe ruler, or guests entertain ! As rich and splendidis herrobeof state, With muslin 'neath it of the finest grain, Which takes the place of warmer garment plain. Her eyes are clear, with forehead broad and high, Which the full temples on each side sustain. With woman such as this how few can vie ! The beauty of the land, she charms the gazing eye !)
IV.

3 As growson wall
And
let
So

cannot in the sheaf be tied; in the harem done what's

untouched

tribnlus,

If truth were in the tale laid How foul a scene werepainted

HI.

By us without

abide. bare,
there
!)

The Sanff-cfninff AND INTEIGUES

WITH

; narrative. VAEIODS

GENTLEMAN

NOBLE

BOASTS Or LADIES.

His

INTIMACY

comesup in every stanza, I think the licentiousness which prevailed.)

THE
1)

The old school holds lewd customs of Wei.\"

that this Choo sees

piece was intended as a satire on \" the in it only a love song. As a new lady it may have been constructedto expose

The Kemi-tszc
BEAUTY

Mae

laou

AND SPLENDOUR

CoKTEAST BETWEEN ; narrative. AND HEB. VICIOUSNESS. OF SEUEN K\303\213ANG

The

gold-thread
Where

and See again the note on the 9th ode of the last Book. The intention spirit of this pieceonly come out in the last two lines of the first stanza. 1 Pledged

in

Wei

But

my To

thoughts

to gather I'm going, it spreads over the tree for ever are
flowing

the

Her
As

With

to her husband, his aloneto head-dress high, cross pins,

graceful, stately,

be

movements mountain

and free ; elegant, air ;) with imposing

and jewelsrare;
And

To

the
Freely

Beauty who eldest Keang.

did

she
come

She would
then

company

captive holds me,\342\200\224 Yes, it is she ! agree in Sang-chung, to me here in Shang-kung, keep with me on to the K/e.))

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

[PART

I.)

BE

IV. VI.]

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.)

97)

For

the

-wheat north

about where

But my
To To

To the
the the

Wei I'm it grows

going in each
flowing

part.

And

She would come to me here in Shang-kung, then keep with me on to the K'e. company
Where

Freely

Beauty who rules in my heart,\342\200\224 eldest Yih. Yes, it is she in Sang-chung, did she agree

thoughts

for

ever

are

3 For

But my
To To

the mustard-plant I am going in Wei it grows over the

thoughts

east.

for

the

the

She would come to me herein Shang-kung, And then keep with me on to the Kfe.) company
V.

Freely

on Beauty eldest Yung.

did

whose love I feast,\342\200\224 Yes, it is she !

in Sang-chung,

ever are

flowing

The Duke Hwuy of Wei died in B.C. 668, and was succeeded by his son as duke E, who perishedin fighting with the Teih in B.c. Oh'ih, known 659. Wei was then reduced to extremity, and had nearly disappeared from all the family of Hwuy, among the States of China. The people destroyed and, what we cannot but be surprised at, called to their head Shin, a son of Seuen Ke'ang and Ch'aou-pih. He was duke Tae, and crossed the Ho with the shattered remnant of the people,with whom he camped in the of Ts'aou. He died that same year, and his brother Wei, neighbourhood as duke Woo,was called to his place,and became a sort of second known of the State. founder It is of him that this piecespeaks. is a small spacein the heavens, embracing two stars of Pegasus. Ting at this time in the 10th month of the year, It culminated from counting the first month of spring, at night-fall, and this was a signal that now the labours of husbandry were over for the year, and that building operations should be taken in hand. The urgency for the rearing of the new capi tal was great, but the marquis would not take it in hand till the proper time for such a labour had arrived.)

she

agree

At
And

dusk Ts'oo

the Ting star

for

field-work

The SJiiin

che pun-pirn
as worse

CH'AOU PER,

than beasts.
quails for

allusive.

AGAINST

SEUEN

AND) K\303\213ANG

1 How bold the

Each
Upon
fighting

together his mate

rush,

!
fierce

How strong the

the same

magpies,battling
debate !

the duke his palacetook in hand, by the sun fixed how its walls should stand. All round about he planted many a tree,\342\200\224 Hazels and chestnuts, t'ung, and Isze, and e, And varnish trees. The grove would yield ere long Abundant wood for lutes, to aid the voice of song.
At

the year

passed on to the west, was laid to rest.

And

a trait that's good, This man, without Is stainedby vicious crime ; :\342\200\224 Yet him as brother I regard the time ! Alas ! woe worth

2 He

The site he wished

climbed those ruined walls, thenceto inspect

for
from

Ts'oo-k'ew
Ts'oo

His glance the land

to select.

Noting the hills and smaller heights about.

to T'ang

mapped out,

2 How strong the magpies, battling Each one to keep his mate !
How

He then camedown,
And

the

fierce,

Upon the same debate!

fierce

the

quails together no trait

rush,

Answer auspicious got,\342\200\224and

Thesethings

judged

the
once

soil, and
done,

trees to view, learned its nature true. he asked the tortoise-shell,

mulberry
all

succeeded

well.

This

Is stained by
Yet her
Alas ! woe

woman,

with

that's good,

vicious

I hail as

:\342\200\224 marchioness

crime,

worth
VI.

the time

The Ting cTiefang \302\277hung ; narrative.

\342\200\224\342\200\224HIS DILIGENCE, PROSPERITY.)

THE

PRAISE

or

DUKE WAN :
PEOPLE,

FORESIGHT,

SYMPATHY

WITH

THE

AND

3 Thereafter, when there fell the copious showers. He -often called his groom, and in the hours Of early dawn a-field drove by starlight Among the labourers,and to cheer them strove. And many ways he had, not this alone, In which his character shone, distinguished To duty bound, assiduous in his cares ;\342\200\224 And thousand steeds and mares. came,\342\200\224three blessing
VOL.

in.

7))

98)

THE

BOOK

OF POETKT.)

[PAKT

I.)

BK

IV.

IX.]

THE BOOK
void

OF

POETKY.

99
:\342\200\224

VII.)

Bearing
AGAINST

of bearing
better
a

The Te
NEXIONS.

tiing

metaphorical

and narrative.

LEWD

'Twere
CON

2
result

Behold Then

A rainbow

is

the the dark and the light, the yin and the ynng, connexion between of nature ; and so it is an emblem of feminine and masculine principles to a rainbow men and women. To point improper connexions between in the east is deemed unlucky. 1

regarded

by the Chinese

as

the

of an improper

mark

east invites the gaze, to it dares to raise. it with dislike ; but viler she, All view Who hastes to marry 'gainst propriety ! their When from early homes young women go, Parents and brothers they nigh cease to know. for rules like this are made, step Important rules obedience should be paid. And to such
A rainbow
But

in the

Manners thus carelessof what's right declare 'Twere well the man himself for death prepare. 3 Behold a rat ! How small its limbs, and fine ! Then mark the course that scorns the proper line !
Propriety's neglect may well provoke A wish the man would quickly court

it ? This !\342\200\224whatmeans than longer life werehis ! rat ! Its teeth can sharply bite ! careless of what's right ! deportment

death

none

a finger

death's stroke.)

IX.

The Ean maon; TO WELCOME MEN

narrative. OF

THE

ZEAL or

THE

orriCERS

or WEI
of this of Wei, of worth,

WORTH.

When

So fleeting
When

close the By morning's

are

rainbows

in the

west at morn
sky

appear,

from

rain
prove.

the

Licentiouspleasuresevanescent
from their

joys of lawless

love ;

is clear;

According to Choo,who gives the only admissibleexplanation piece, the first four lines of the stanzas describe the officers meeting in the neighbourhood of Tseun, a recluse, but a man who comesfrom his obscurity, or a visitor to Wei from another

State.

early homes young cease and brothers they nigh Parents Important rules for step like this are should And to such rules obedience !
think

women

1 Where
go,
Prom

Tseun's suburbslie remote,

the

to know. made,
be

staffs

paid.

High the staffs, and With its silkenbandlets

Pour
Welcome

the ox-tails float. each one bright

white !

cars

8 Ah

heart of this young girl whose wilful on marriage as her only part. She wrongs herself, to the right courseuntrue, woman should pursue. virtuous Which every own not her She blames lot, and, wanton, will thrown. it on the of Heaven's parents ordering ties the wisest rules are made, For marriage rules obedience should be paid. And to such

drawn by steeds of fire whom all desire. guest

Is bent

Give to

Admirable, what will he meet such courtesy ?

2 In Tseun's suburbs near the town, Ply the falcon banners,blown Prom the staffs that rise around, All with bands of white silk bound. Five cars drawn by horses strong Wait the guest who comes along.
is
NOT

VIII.

The S\303\253ang shod; EQUAL TO A RAT. 1 Behold

allusive.

MAN

WITHOUT

PROPRIETY

Courteous, Pay for all

3
mean
!)

Now

the

Then

! Its skin has glossy sheen ! mark that man's demeanour,poor and
a rat

Feather'd streamersflutter
From

this courtesy ? walls of Tseun we see j

free

worthy,\342\200\224what

shall

he

Girt by silkenbands

the flag staffs

7

strong and stout,

about.
*))

100)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART I)

BK IV.
4

Till.]
I would Passed

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

101)

Six cars drawn Well attest the

That euch welcomewill

Sage profound,

by steeds of fame guest's high name.

what

can

he say
?)

repay

where fields of rich wheat shone, have made to Ts'e's great state, Prayer Help have sought for Wei's sore strait.

through

the land have

gone,

Nobles who
Hundreds

o'er

Wei

Zeal like this you

are

the

MUH as HETJ COMPLAINS THE BARONESS The Tsae ch'e narrative. TO GO TO WE1 TO CONDOLE WITH THE MAR\316\237\316\223 NOT BEING ALLOWED OF HIS SlATE, AND APPEAL TO SOME GKEAT QITIS ON THE DESOLATION POWERS ON ITS BEHAL\303\217.

Best the courseI

should not chide. plans you make ;

wished

preside,

to

take

!))

baron of Heu was one of the daughters of Se\303\261en of the Ch'aou-pih Hwan (see on iii. IX.), and a sister consequently of the dukes Tae and Wan of Wei. Sorry for the ruin which the Teih had brought on Wei, she had wished, while the remnant of the people was collectedabout Ts'aou, to go and condolewith her brother (probably could be done in his him as to what duke Wan), and consult with desperate case. It was contrary, however, to the rules of propriety for a lady in her position to return to her native State, and she was not In this piece we hare, it is supposed,her complaint, allowed to do so. and the vindication of her purpose.
The

wife

and K\303\253ang

and drive to urge my steeds, To Wei, to share my brother's grief, arrive Not slacking till we should And halt at Ts'aou, and find relief. Another went, o'er hill, through stream, cross plain in deep sorrow I must still remain. Here
1

I wished

What

Here in Heu I
And

I wished

for you denied;

must

abide.

I I

in your
hold
unkind,

decision's spite'
my
my

must

purpose
purpose

right.
spurn
;\342\200\224

You,
Not
must

to Wei
slight
cannot

can I
your
quench

return.
views
my

For I

as nought,
thought.

blame In Hcu the peopleall my purpose ; Their childish, hasty thoughts causeme no shame.)

3 I'll climb the sides of that steep mound, And pluck the liliesgrowing there. in woman's heart abound, my Thoughts And every might blossom bear. thought

102)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART I.)

V. \316\225\316\272 in.])

THE

BOOK

OF serene

POETEY.) ;

103)

With

BOOK
THE

Accomplished, elegant in mien Him we can ne'er forget.

V.)

Grave and of dignity force of will

as

plainly

seen ;
;

3 How
WEI.

thick
Around

the
each

clumps
cove

ODES OF

said of Wei in the introductory note to the third here that the State had a longer history under the descendants of K'ang-shuh than any of the other States of the Chow It outlasted that dynasty a period itself, and subsisted through dynasty. of 905 years, when the last prince of Wei was reduced to the ranks of the people under the second of the emperors of Ts'in.)
Book, it
may

To what

has been be added

They lead my thoughts Of winning grace or gold, tin Pure as the finest And as the sceptreprinceshold
So

of K'e ! to our duke is he !

of green

bamboo,
Woo ;-

Magnanimous and free from pride. His words to jest are oft allied,
But

See him

strong,
in

car

while mild in mood with lofty side,

I.

never

are they rude.)

yuh;
OUS

allusive.

CULTIVATION

OF DUKE Woo,\342\200\224HIS ASSIDU OP HIMSELF ; HIS DIGNITY ; HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

The

THE PRAISE

II.
K'cuni pman

critics agree to accept duke Woo of Wei as the subject of this 55 years ; and in his 42nd year, long rule,\342\200\224of piece. \" He had a very \" killed the Dog Jung when king Yew (B.C.770),he led a body of Koldiers to the assistanceof Chow, and did great service the Jung, against him \" a duke of the Court.\" so that Yew's son, king P'ing, appointed
All the

narrative.

A HAPPY
vale

EECLUSE.

1 By

the stream in the

his

That

1 How rich the clumps of each cove of Around

They Of

He lives
green
Kfe !

bamboo,

And

talks then and all alone ; he sleeps, wakes, to forget what he prizes, he swears. ne'er
of the

man

tall

and

stout,

hut he has reared, all looking free from

cares.
;\342\200\224

my thoughts to our duke Woo ;\342\200\224 grace is he ! winning As knife and file make smooth the bone, As jade by chisel wrought and stone,
lead

2 In the

bend

mound his

hut

he

has

and stout, gay and He lives all alone ; he sleeps, wakes, from this spot he will He swears
That man tall

lightsome then and

never he

reared, of heart. sings

;\342\200\224

depart.

Grave
With

Is stamp upon him set. and of dignity serene;

force

3 There

of will

Accomplished, elegantin
Him

as plainly seen
mien;

we can

ne'er forget.
clumps
of

so contains. That man tall and stout, who himself He lives all alone ; he sleeps, wakes, sleeps again ;\342\200\224 in his mind reigns.) he'll ne'er tell what He swears

on that level height

his hut

has

reared,

2 Strong grow
They
Of

the

Around each cove

of green
Kfe.

bamboo,
;\342\200\224

III.
AS RHE SMh jin : narrative. CHWANG K\303\213ANG The HER ARRIVAL HER GREAT CONNEXIONS ; HER IN WEI. EQUIPAGE ; THE BICHES OF TS'E.
ON APPEARED BEAUTY ; HER

His ear-plugsareof pebbles fine;

And All

lead my thoughts to our grace is he ! winning

like his

duke Woo

gems o'er

stars bright cap of state.)

glittering shine,

The

the subject

principal of

of Cliwang Kcang, who is evidently points in the history oil in the notes to the second) this piece, have been touched

\303\215))

104)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PART

I.)

BE

V.

iv.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

105)

and some other odes of Book iii. The only difficulty in translating or it is to determine whether the verbsare to be taken in the past tense or in the present. I have deferred to the general opinion of the Chinese critics, who take the piece to have been written after the lady became an object of commiseration through the behaviour of her husband.
versifying

IV.
A WO interspersed. The Jlfanff : narrative, with the other elements NOW CAST OFF, CONNEXION, MAN, WHO HAD FOBJIED AN IlIPEuPER BELATES AND BEMOANS HEE SAD CASE. In the 9th line of the 1st stanza the speaker refers to the practice in or intertimes of employing go-betweens from the most ancient \" The \" shell and reeds in line nuncii to form the contract of marriage. 11th of stanza 2nd are the tortoise-shell and the stalks of the achillew, of divination. used for purposes
China

1 The

Could be alleged, sister of Ts'e's heir. great Of other grand alliancesa train She could display, for her two sisters fair The did wear. highest dignity in Hing and T\302\243an 2 Like blades of white were her fingers fine ; grass Her skin like purest ointment hard ; congealed Her neck like larvas on the tree which shine So long and white. Her openinglips revealed Her even teeth, behind their screen concealed,

lady was of figure large and tall. In broidered robe, hid 'neatli a garment plain, A bride, she carne from Ts'e's high palace hall, In Wei, as wife of our great lord to reign. 'Gainsther of no inferior birth the stain

1 A

simple-looking lad you seemed, first you met my eye, a travelling merchant most By silk for cloth to buy. Raw
When

deemed,

But

Like

melon

seeds.

Her

front

That I should go with ; you And through the K'e I went quite Until we reached Tun-k'ew. \" It is not I then

your

true

aim

\"was

to

propose

free,

curved its field, Displayed her eyebrows upon Like horns of silkworm moth ; and rare, dimples With dark and lucid eyes,showed face beyond compare. 3 When, on her coming, near the city Avail, She in the cultured fields, each eye halted with Viewed her figure large and tall. delight Her team of mettled steeds their bits tossed high, Bound which was twined red cloth in rich supply. Then

cicada-square,

'Twas
Who

would

said, the

I,

time
have

Your go-between I
I must not
run

delay ;
not

seen, ;

I pray,

Sir, do
autumn

not

away.
angry

be

In autumn

be the day.\"
came,
wall,

When

then
and

climbed I oft
gazed

That ruined
Towards
With

Fuh-kwan,
expectation

my heart all
raised.
my

soft,
lot

in

her

\"

Its pheasant-screens oft

Early

carriage

she went on in state,

followed

retire
leave

The marquis
4 Where

from court,
untired,

to cherish

ye nobles great ;
this
fit

by

the cry,
mate.\"

When you came With streams

At

last

out of Ts'e into our State she passed, Its banks all green with rush and sedges rank, Northwards the Ho rolled on the waters vast Of its majestic stream, while in it sank With plashing sound the nets, which dank, dripping, The toiling fishers dropt into the wave, and lank. 'Mong shoals of sturgeon, both the large Her sister ladies shone in dressesbrave, And martial looked the officers, who escort gave.)

were turned. And tears to smiles With words I strove to tell my love,

your

of tears I mourned. longed-for form I saw, made

good

not,

hapless

While
\" \"

That shell and

No Your

you averment
seeds

answer

more

My

delay,\" I said. carriage bring ; I'll goods all in it laid.\"

the mulberry in glossy

gave.
once,

go at

When All

on hang

tree the state,))

leaves

106 The sight

THE

BOOK

OP POETEY. 0 dove,

[PART I.

BK V.

v.])

THE

BOOK OP

POETET.)

107)

is fair.
intoxicate.

Its

beware ;

6 Together
Old

fruits

Ah

! thou, Cause

young maiden,
seduced,

too wilt

find

If, by a lover'sarts
Thyself
A

for repentance thou

deep,

The K'e Its shores the lake confine.

But

now,

were we to grow old ;\342\200\224 you make me pine. flows within its banks, aye
know

you
Your

neither
ne'er

bank nor
denied.

shore,

For what
Thou'lt

The joys of lawless is done may To thee they'll fatal

try

gentleman

fail to keep. who hastes to prove

love,
still prove.

atone

Back to my happy time, girlhood's With hair in knot still tied, I wildly go ; I'll never know

passions

Its smilesand

chat

Lost like the foolish

4 When All

in vain excuse to feign,

dove.

sheds its leaves the mulberry on the ground, And Such fate have sear they lie. rash conduct found. Through my
yellow

tree,

To me you clearly swore the faith, now to break you're fain. Which I foresee so false you'd be ? Could now is vain.) And regret

again.

I
V.

Three years with you in poverty And struggles hard I've passed; Through flooded K'e I haste.
always

The
MAEEIBD

Chuh kan

narrative.

IN ANOTHER

STATE,

A DAUGHTER OP THE HOUSE Or WEI, EXPRESSES HEK LONGING TO REVISIT

And

now

with

carriage-curtains same,

wet,

WEI.

was

the

'Tis

have shown. A double mind the base, Sir, you, right transgress; I have known. Your conduct Aye changing with your moods of mind, And reckless of rny moan. wife, years of life I was your in your house ; laboured late sought rose, repose,

but you

The

are not
other.

argument

of this to suppose that

ode is the same with that of iii. XIV. ; but we the lady of the one is the same as that in the

1 With
You

long and tapering

in angle of you,

think

the K'e. dear friends,

rods,
Wei.

Here far removed from

2 Ts'euen-yuen

5 Three And

K'e on

the

early

And so fulfilled my vows. I never did, one morning'sspace, But me thus

And
All My

But married far away, To home I bade adieu.

right

upon the left, I view.

willing

work

suspend,
treat,

this

At me
And

from your dwelling send. will not own, my brothers

cruelly you
only

3 Those streams,this on the right, That on the left, appear.

The laugh that

the

shows

say I reap as Reply they will

fate

they'll

Your tinkling
cedar

gems, I
oars

your

hear.

teeth,

I
not

jeer,
have

sown

4 I watch
O
And

hear.

In heart
My

I groan, and
with

sad bemoan

On K'e, and boats of might I travel there,

soothe

pine.

many a tear.)

this

heart

of mine

!)

\\)
\\))

108)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT I.)

BK Y. ix.])
They
Ere

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

109)

VI.

tell me
morning

Sung is distant
fades
VIII.

far

;\342\200\224

The Hman-lan;
OP BANK.) It is of

allusive.

PICTURE OF A

I might

be there.)

CONCEITED

YOUNG

MAN)

Chinese no use trying, as many application for the subject of this piece. worn for the purpose of loosening ivory, equipment

critics do, to

find

a historical

The spike at
knots.

of grown-up men, and was supposed to of business, however intricate. The archer's management thumb of the thimble was also made of ivory ; it was placed on the the bow. A ring of jade is now often hand, to assist in drawing right employed for the same purpose.

the girdle was of It belonged to the indicate their com

The Pik he ; THE PROTRACTED

1

narrative,

ABSENCE

and metaphorical. OF HEB HUSBAND

A
ON

WIPE MOURNS OVER THE KING'S SERVICE.

petency for the

How
The

martial
hero

Feeble
Wears Were He
How

seen ! full How drop his girdle-ends, jaunty that coxcomb Like leaf of sparrow-gourd, young, With archer's thimble at his girdlehung ! Hewears the thimble, but he's not the Swell

as branch, of sparrow-gourd, this youth, at girdle, as if he, forsooth, spike the spike he wears, quite a man ; but though not us at whom he proudly stares. knows is his mien ! and conceited easy

See him in van, His halberdin his hand ! eastward Since on his course he sped,
I might anoint and wash my But not to meet his eyes.
My

of the land ! lead the chariot

looks my

noble man,

hair

neglected

flies.
head,

3 For rain, for

But brightly shines the sun ; Sofor my absent lord long I,

rain,

the

people

cry,

To lord
How
How

us who know him well. it over ! easy and conceited is his mien seen full jaunty drop his girdle-ends,
VII.

4 Where

!)

Head pained,and heart undone. shall I lethe's lily find, Behind my house to set ?
of
how

think

him
can

with

For
TO

aching mind,
?)

I forget
IX.

The Ho
OVERCOME

Jtimnff

THAN

OTHER THINGS MORE DIFFICULT narrative. : DISTANCE MAY KEEP ONE FROM A PLACE.

The A

Tern

Ju>o

; metaphorical.

A WOMAN

EXPRESSES

HEB

DESIEE

FOR

HUSBAND.

of Seuen Ke'ang (iii. IX.) is referred to a daughter to duke Hwan of Sung. After bearing a son, she was of By and by that son became duke divorced, and returned to Wei. to return to that State, but submitted to the rules Sung, and she wished of propriety, which forbade her doing so ;\342\200\224intimating, however, her to which are supposed to be greatly in these two verses, maternal longing her honour.

This

who

little piece was married

The woman certainly doesso in a singular way ; but in this interpreta tion of the piece all the critics agree ; while the older ones find in it a condemnation of the government of Wei, which certainly does not appear
in

it.

1 Lonely,
At

suspicious,
that

1 They

tell me that

the

Ho

is wide

dam
that

cross

a few reeds me Sung tell They on tiptoe Rising

With
They

I could crossthrough. is distant far ;\342\200\224 Sung I view. Ho is wide ;\342\200\224

not

;\342\200\224

Like him
No

lower

man, dress has

is that fox, the Kfe. for whom I'm sad !

he.

tell

me

little

that the boat it will

2 Lonely, suspicious, is that fox. At that deep ford of K'e.

Like him
No

that

man, has

bear.)

girdle-sash

for whom he !))

I'm sad !

110)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAKT

T.)

BK

VI.

i.])

THE BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETET.)

Ill)

3 Lonely,

Like him
No

There,

suspicious, is that fox, on the bank of K'e.

that

clothes

man, at all

for whom I'm has he !) X.

sad !
BOOK

VI.) DOMAIN.

THE ODES
GIFTS SHOULD FRIENDSHIP IS MORE THAN OF KINDNESS

Jiwa ; metaphorical. BE RESPONDED TO WITH GREATER ANY GIFT.

The Muh

\316\237\316\223 THE ROYAL

SMALL ;

WHILE

When Wei was nearly extinguished by the Teih, duke Hwan of Ts'e, leading prince among the States, came grandly and munificently to its help ; and Maou finds in this sentiments of the piece the grateful people of Wei towards him. If this be the correct interpretation, Hwan's all but royal munificence and favour is strongly represented by the insignificant Choo compares present of a fruit. the piece with Hi. XVII., and thinks it may refer to an interchange of courtesies between a lover and his mistress. But we need not seek any particular interpret ation of it. What is metaphorically set forth may have a general ap

as the

plication. 1

BY the \" Royal Domain \" we are to understand the territory attached to Loh, or the eastern capital of ( !how. At the beginning of that dynasty Wan occupied the city of Fung, in the present district of Hoo of king the department his son Woo moved the seat Se-gan, Shen-se, from which of government a little further east to Haou, SO le south of the present district city of Ch'ang-gan. in the same department. In the time of king a was built near the Ho nan, and called Ch'ing, city present Loh-yang, \" the eastern capital.\" Meetingsof the princes of the States assembled there, but the court continued to be held at Haou, till the accessionof 769. From this time the Chow king P'ing, who removed it to Loh in B.C. kings sank nearly to the level of the princes of the States, and the poems collected in their domain were classedwith \" the Lessons of Manners,\" though still distinguished to them. by the epithet of Boyal, prefixed

A tree-gourd they gave me in compliment, And I in return gave a lovely A-ett-gem. 'Twas not in return for the ;\342\200\224 compliment I wished to make with lasting my friendship

I.
AN OFFICEE le; narrative. DESCRIBES His MELANCHOLY AND REFLECTIONS ON SEEING THE DESOLATION OF THE OLD CAPITAL OF CHOW.

The Shoo

them.

2 A

And I

peach they
in

'Twas not
I wished

presented return gave

in

return

with lasting my friendship 3 A plum they presented in compliment, I in return And /rew-stone. gave a lovely 'Twas not in return for the compliment;\342\200\224
Our

to make

a lovely yaou-gem. for the compliment ;\342\200\224

in compliment,

1 Where
When

Chow

them.

Millets, somewith
Some,
All

the palaces rose grand, ruled the land, nobly

drooping

just coming into

abundant

head,

blade,
through,

around

Slow the
Moved
Friends
What

fields I

grew.

wandered

friendship

to knit

was

my

motive

alone.)

Those
0 thou
Who

There I

in heart such sight to view. who knew me understood induced mood. my saddened who did not know me said,

search for
desolation

azure Heaven, remote,

wrought

something

made.

this

2 Where the
When

palacesrosegrand,
nobly
heavy
ear,))

Chow

ruled the
here,

Millets,drooping,
There

land,

just coining into

\302\277)

112

THE All

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

[PA\303\237T

I.

BE

VI.

iv.]

THE BOOK III.

OF

POETKT.)

113)

around with
who
induced

abundant

Slow the fields I

Drunk
Friends
What

grew.
through,

wandered

Scotic\303\250.)

grief such sights to view. knew me understood

my
for

saddened
something

mood.
made.
\303\216

narrative. The Keun-tsze yang-yang AND THE WIFE'S JOY, ON HIS EETTJRN.

THE HUSBAND

S SATISFACTION,

Those who did not know me said,

There I

search

azure 0 thou Heaven, Who this desolation 3

remote,
wrought

I have interpreted both this piece and the former after thinks this is a sequel to the other ; and I do not think can be made of it.

Choo anything

He. He better

1 The

Where
When

the palaces
Chow

nobly

rose grand, ruled the land,

low,
show,

An' his rieht han'

It's

His organ

gudeman's come hame,

o'

an'
in

his
his

reeds

till ca's me to come

he hads
mair

face weers a left han' ;

his

bloom,
:\342\200\224

room

Millets, heavy,
Some the All around
Breath

siccan

drooping

a joy

; it's

nor

I can

stan'.

Slow the fields I

bursting grain that abundant grew.

wandered

Friendswho

nigh

stopt such
knew

scene to view.
understood

through,

me

I'll comehame,an' he'spleesed 2 The gudeman's engage, His gran' fether screen he hadsin his left han' j An' his rieht han' ca's me to cometill the stage :\342\200\224 I can stan'. nor It's siccan a joy ; it's mair

What induced my saddened mood. Those who did not know me said,

For the
Mr Mercer.

following

Latin version

of

these

two

verses I am

indebted to

ThereI search
Who

for

0 thou azure
this

Heaven, remote,
wrought
?)

something

made.

desolation

Fronte
In

vir grata

meus appropinquat,
sinistr\303\242

manu

Allicit
II. The Keuii-tsze yn yih ; ABSENCE THE PROLONGED FOB HIS BETUBN. LONGING 1
Scotic\303\250.

citharam port\303\242t dextr\303\242 thalamos

inire.

Gaudia
FEELINGS

nobis !

narrative. OF HEB

THE
HUSBAND

OF A WIFE ON ON SEBYICE, AND HEB

Indicit
Fert
Invocat

Isetam

faciem

et umbellam
dextr\303\242

gracilem in
nobis
!)

Maritus,

sinistr\303\242

penetrare

scenam.

The

An' when he'll be back, oh ! my The hens gae to reist,an' the beests As hameward they wend frae their park on the hill.

gudeman's

awa, for

to

Gaudia
fecht

vd'

the hert

stranger, canna tell. to their manger,

IV.

But hoc can T,

Help thinking

thus

left
man

alane,
that's

o'

my

gane ?

The Yang che shmuy : allusive. DUTY IN SHIN, MUEMUB AT THEIB

The Shin.

THE

TEOOPS

SEPABATION

ON OF CHOW, KEPT FBOM THEIE FAMILIES.

2 The gudeman's awa, An' lang will it be

for

to fecht

The hens g-ae

ere he see his fireside. an' the beests to their manger, throu the forest trees glide. As the slantin' sunbeams I think. Heaven kens the l\303\241\303\261eseme things Heaven sen' my man his meat an' drink !)
to

wi' the

stranger,

reist,

a daughter of the house of mother of king P'ing was a K\303\253ang, That State had suffered from the attacks of Ts'oo, and repeatedly to the eastern capital, sent his own people to the king, after removing occupy and defend it, and kept them long absent on the service; and this in consequence. The of their dissatisfaction piece contains the expression of the two allusive lines in each stanza on the rest has not been bearing detected in a satisfactory way by any one.\342\200\224Ptoo and Heu were Email confederate with Shin. States,
VOL.

in.

8))

114)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PAKT

I.)

BK VI. vi.]
Behold

THE

BOOK

OP

POETKT.

115

1
Unable

Fretted

Yet gently
Wives
All

the waters
flows

seem,
stream
roam,
;\342\200\224

the

Guarding Shin here we

absent
We

a faggot

to bear.

We As

and children at home, toils who should share. think of them ever ;
our
them

a wife driven forth from home, By stern misfortune's blows ! hear her groans, we hear her groans, she her hapless fate bemoans.
show

3 The valleys

the

Thought parts from

What

never

;\342\200\224

month

shall we
waters

homeward repair ?
seem.

2
A

Fretted the

Her tears aye

However

Scorched in each dampest Behold a wife driven forth Bewail in vain her case !
flow,

mother-wort, place.
from home\342\200\224

her

tears

Yet gently flows the stream ;\342\200\224 bundle of thorns 'twill not bear. Guarding Pfoo here we roam,

she grieve,

ne'er ends her woe

aye

flow

;
!)

Wives and
our
think
We

All

absent

toils who should of them ever ;

from

children at home, share.

them

VI.
AN OFFICER OF CHOW DECLARES metaphorical. HIS WEARINESS OF LIFE BECAUSE OF THE GROWING MISERIES OF THE AOT> OF THE WAY STATE, IN WHICH ME\303\216\303\217 OF PRINCIPLE SUFFERED, WHILE WORTHLESS MEN ESCAPED.

The T'oo ynen;

Thought parts
What

never;\342\200\224

month

shall we
waters

homeward repair ?
seem,

3
The

Fretted the

Yet gently flows the stream ;\342\200\224 reed-bun die powerless to bear,

1 Caught is the pheasant in the That vainly for the hare is

So

set.

net,

those

who

All

GuardiDgPieu here we roam, Wives and children at home, absent our toils who should share.
We

think

of them

ever ;
them

Thought parts from

What

never

;\342\200\224

month

shall

we homeward

repair ?
1

v.

Find cause their loyal zeal to rue, While one whose endsare base and mean Contrives from harm himself to screen. When I was in my youthful prime, Without commotion the time ; passed Bnt since those happy were o'er, days Numerous the ills that press us sore:\342\200\224 would that I might sleep, and rise no more!
Caught Avoided

duty

promptly

do

The Chnmg Jath; TO SEPARATE FROM

allusive.

THE
HUSBAND

HEE

BAD CASE OF A WOMAN FORCED BY THE PRESSURE OP FAMINE.

is

1 The
Now

valleys
scorched

show the

mother-wort,
dry spot.

So those who

by

the pheasant the cautious

duty

in the hare.

snare,
do

in each

Behold a wife driven forth from home, Beneath hard famine's lot !

She

From husband torn

2 The
Now

sadly

sighs,

she

sadly
and

sighs,
ties.

dearest

valleys show the

scorched

mother-wort,

where

tall it rose.)

Find cause their loyal zeal to rne, While one whose endsare base and mean Contrives from harm himself to screen. When I was in my youthfnl prime, No strange events e'er marked the time ; But now those days have passedaway, And sorrows meet us day by day :\342\200\224 would that I might and sleep for aye sleep,

promptly

!))

116)

THE 3 Into
Which

BOOK

OF

POBTET.)

I.) [\316\241\316\224\316\225\316\244

BE VI.

IX.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

117)

the trap
the

the pheasantflies,
shuns
with

VIII. eyes.

hare

cautious

So those who duty Find cause their

While

one

whose

loyal zeal to rue, ends are base and mean

himself
youthful

promptly

do

The Ts'ae koh;

THE
OBJECT

narrative.

A LADY

LONGS

FOB THE SOCIETY

OF

OF HER AFFECTION.

Contrives from When I was in

No toilsome Our miseries 0 for the sleep

harm
my

to screen.
prime,

He's
Only

there,
one

But in theselatterdays

tasks distressed the time ;

of

To

me

the dolichos from sight it seems as three

day

among !
away,\342\200\224 months

long

!
!

are waxen rife

life,
:\342\200\224

2 He's
Only of

there,
one

unbroke by sound
VII.

strife

!)

It

seems

among the southernwood sight away,\342\200\224 three seasons' solitude !

day from
mugwort

3
A WANDERER The Koh luy ; allusive. FROM HIS KIN, MOURNS OVER HIS LOT. 1 FEOM

Among

the

Only one day from

To

he appears
sight
full

!
!)

me

CHOW,

SEPARATED

it seems

as three
IX.

away,\342\200\224

years

Around

My

On the bordersof the Ho. native soil no more I tread ;

the

creepers

thickly spread,
The Ta hew ;
OUS narrative.

Into exile
Though Kindly

MAGISTRATE 1

THE INFLUENCE or IN EEPRESSING LICENTIOUSNESS.

SEVEEE

AND VIRTU

forth

Father I a stranger
2
the

Far removed from

I go.

kindred all,
call. brook

He
His

so called, he does not upon me to look.

creepers

His robesare bright

robes

rolls along in

carriage grand,
with

is seen. The tendersedge

I always
with

of rank,

as on the
desire

green,\342\200\224

bank
;

Around

of On the green banks My native soil no more I

thickly
the

spread,
Ho.

Thinking

am of

thee,

Into exileforth
Mother

tread ;

But dreading

Thinking

fond

kindred Far removed from all, I a stranger call. she does not so called, Though

I go.

his severity,
the

must

repress

fire.
sound

2 With
His

slow and heavy

car

his
colours

car,\342\200\224

Me as childto entertain.
the

deign

the O'er his dressspread,

of state,

moves on.
red of thee
have

Around

On the
My

bank-lipsof the Ho.

soil

creepers

thickly

spread,

am Thinking I always The fondest thoughts

Shine

like carnation-stone. ;
I.

Into exile

native

no more

I tread
my
claim

;
3

The fear

of

him

alone

holds
fly.

forth

Far from all who bear Elder brother I would but he In a stranger,

I go.

Or to
Our

thine arms I'd

apart
we're

me,

name,

fate may
when

Sucha claim,

spurns

But

Always

be, while still alive, to dwell ;

dead,

we shall

and

from

me turns.)

In the sameearthen cell.))

be laid

118

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET. I

[PART I.

BK

VII.

i.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

119)

I swear its truth by that day's eye, Whose piercing glanceI fear.)
THE

If haply thou should'st say that Am not iu this sincere,

BOOK
ODES

VII.)
OF CHfING.

The
PRESENCE

Ji'ew BY

chunff

yew ma

; narrative.
WHO,

A
THINKS,

WOMAN

HER

ANOTHER

OF HEB LOVERS, WOMAN.

SHE

FOE THE ABE DETAINED FROM

LONGS

given

This interpretation by Choo He.

who drove away from king Chwang their employment (B.C. 69\316\267\342\200\224\316\26279), men of worth his want of intelligence. The people, they say, through mourned the loss of such men, and expressedtheir desire for their return
in

of the ode lies upon the surface of it, and is that The older interpreters refer the piece to the time of

these

verses.

1 Where

grows on the mound, Tsze-tseay ; There someone keepsTsze-tseay :\342\200\224

the hemp
some
There

THE State of Ch'ing was not one of the oldest fief s of the Chow dynasty. on his brother Yew the appanage of In B.C. 805, king Seuen conferred Shen-se. Hwa the in Chow, department of T'ung-chow, Ch'ing present as Yew, who is called duke H wan in the list of the lords of Ch'ing, acted minister of Instruction at the royal court, and was killed in 773, not long sovereign before the Juag hordes took the capital, and put the reigning was of great service to king to death. His son, known as duke \316\233\316\245\316\277\316\277, to his father's to the east, and succeeded P'ing when he moved the capital office possessed of the lands of Kih and K'wei, south of ; and becoming the Ho, north of the Ying, east of the Loh, and west of the Tse,he re
the name of one of the information For further

one keeps

moved there, and called his

State New districts of the

I.

Ch'ing

Why

comes

not lie to
where

me with

about Ch'ing,

see the

department

still which (/Si\302\253, Ch'ing), Ho-nan. of K'ae-fung,

is

note on

the

title

of Bkxiii.

a bound

2 On

the

mound

There Why

There some one keeps Tsze-kwoh some one keeps Tsze-kwoh

comes
the

grows

the wheat,
; :\342\200\224

The Tsze
ADM1BATION

e ;

narrative. THE PEOPLE

OF, AND REGARD
FOR,

OF THE CAPITAL DUKE WoO OF

EXPBESS

THEIS

Cll'lNG.

not

he

with

me

here

to eat

On

0 for

place. There someone keepsthose youths ; some one keeps those youths :\342\200\224 There
their
\303\204ei\303\274-stones

mound

plum trees have

this

girdle

to grace

!)

We have the authority of Confucius, in the Le Ke, for understanding The and virtue. of the regard due to ability piece as expressive in to be duke Woo, mentioned subjectof it is by all critics understood in the of the court wore black rohes,\342\200\224not the preceding note. Ministers king's court when having audience of him, but in their own courts or the morning audience to discharge to which they proceeded after offices, their several duties.

1 The

When they are worn we'll make you new. Now for your court ! oh ! there we'll sit, And watch how you your duties do. we to our homes repair, And when

black robes well

your

form

befit ;

We'll sendto you Such is the love

When Now

our to

richest

you

fare, we bear ! !

2 Thoserobes well
they

with

your

are

worn

for

Well

court ! There will we watch, pleased, how you your duties do.))
your

virtue match ; we'll make you new.

120)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART I.)

BE

VIT.

m.] Into

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

121)

And when we Such is

We'll sendto you

the
love

to our homes repair,

our to

richest

fare,

you
character

we bear

!
;

my garden jump, My sandal trees to thump. For them I do not care,

3 Thoserobesyour

beseem

But peoplegrow
'tis that

aware

When they are worn we'll make you new. Now for your court ! oh ! there we deem It pleasure great your form to view. And when we to our homes repair,

What

'Tis their words

brings you there.

I fear. ;

We'll sendto you Such is the love to

You, Chung, have my heart But their words severe me to smart.) cause Will

our

richest

you

fare, we bear !)
IIL)

II.

The

SJwh yu

t'\303\253en ;

narrative.

THE

ADMIRATION

WITH

WHICH)

The

LET HEB ALONE, AND OTHEES.

; Ts\303\253ang Cleung-tsze AND NOT

narrative.
EXCITE

LADY

THE

SUSPICIONS

BEGS HER LOVEE OF HEB PAEKNTB

\317\204\316\277

SHUH-TWAJ\303\215 WAS

BEGAUDED.)

1 My
Into

Do not in such
my
willow

worthy

Chung,

a way

I pray,

hamlet
trees

bound,
to wound.

My

Duke Woo was succeeded as duke Chwang, by his son Woo-shang, known To this son his mother had a great dislike,while a younger B.C. 742. brother (Shuh), named the two plotted ; and Twan, was her favourite to get possession of the State. Shuh was a dashing young fel together otherwise was the reverse of being worthy of low ; but his character admiration, and we must suppose that this ode and the next merely ex press the sentiments of his partisans.
in

For them

But you
'lis

I do not care,
my

their words I
Chung, cause

parents

scare,

fear.
my heart ;

1 To the hunt Shuh has gone, And people there are none
Remaining

You,

have me

in

the

street.

But their
Will

wordssevere
I pray,

Perhaps
But

to smart.

none

So graceful,will
2 To
And

a few you'll find ; like Shuh so kind,

you

meet.

2 My

worthy

Do not in
Come

such a way
mulberry

Chung,

the chase Shuh has gone, Left feasting in the

find

And make
From

leaping

the branchesfall
tree.

o'er my wall,

people

there

are none

That does not trouble me, But my brothers all see.

You, Chung, have my heart But their words severe me to smart.) cause Will

my

Yet none like Shuh

So graceful,
; there

If

street.

a few

you could,

would you meet.

are none
you

so good,

'Tis

their

words

I fear.

3 To the fields Shuh has gone,

And

Some riders
Yet none

Careering through the

though

people

street.
meet.))

3 My

worthy

Chung,

Do not in such

a way)

I pray,

So

like Shuh so bold,

would

told,

graceful,

you

122)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART

I.)

VIT.

V.]

THE

BOOK

OF POETEY.
ground ;

123
;

IV.

The Ta Shuh
ING, BAKING,

They now have reached the marshy One blaze of flame wraps all around cease the hunt's alarms. Soon

AND

CELEBRATING THE CHARIOTEER narrative. yu t'\303\253eti; AECHEEY OF SHUH-TWAN.

1 Our

As ribbon in his grasp eachrein;

With

In

Shuh a-hunting forth

four-horsed

has gone;

chariot

grand

lie shone.
twain,

His skill the arrows ceaseto prove. the lid is closed, quiver's Straightway in its case the bow reposed. And

Shuh'ssteedsbefore

him

slowly

move ;

How his fine

bearing

charms

!)

measured The

steps,

like dancers

outside

horses

flew.
marshy

At once the flames break out around. With naked arm and chest Shuh stands A tiger fierce his nervous hands
He then
While

They now have reachedthe

ground
;

;
or

V.) THE USELESS The Ts'ing jlii ; narrative. CH'ING ON THE FEONTIEES.

MAN\305\222UVHING

or

AN

ABMY

Grappleand
all

soon

subdue.

presents it to the
with
try

But, Shuh,
What

grief
Your

wonder on him look. not such sport again. were ours if you were slain ! we should rue. daring

duke,

2 Our Shuh a-hunting drove away, His four steeds all of colour bay.

the sentences in the Ts'\303\253un-Ch'ew, under the 2nd year and \" Ch'ing threw away its The Teih entered Wei,\" the carl of Ch'ing hated Kaou K'ih, and sent him with army,\" says that he was stationed for a long an army to the Ho to resist the Teih. where and returned to their The troops dispersed, time without being recalled. homes. Kaou K'ih himself fled to Ch'in ; and the people of Ch'ing, The attack of Wei by with reference to the affair, made the Ta'ing jin.\" the Teih,which has been often referred to in Books iv. and v., took place and Chow were all cities near the Ho, in B.c. 659. P'ang, S\303\253aou, flowed through both the States of Ch'ing and Wei.) which

The Tso-chuen, on of duke Min, that \"

\"

The outsides
They

followed

close
their

behind
kind,
1

The insides, finest of Like wild geese

now once

have the

At

A charioteer
The
Now

Few archerscan with of cunning

steeds
they're

gained the marshy ground ; flames blaze all around.

Shuh rare,

on the wing.
compare

The
The

men of
general's

Ts'ing in P'ang all idle lie. chariot with its mail-clad team

The tasseled

Moves restlessly,and,

So

aimless

spears,one 'bovethe other high. roam the troops about the Ho !

chariot,

rising

from

it, gleam

Now they dash on in

brought

before him spring.

up and

coursedirect;
stark,

2 The men
Although

of

Ts'ing
the

Forth flies the arrow, fleet and Nor fails to hit its proper mark,
His

quickly checkt.

The hookedspears,one high, one low the Yet aimless look they all about
3 The

Looksmartial-like,

all round in Seaou are spread, with its mail-clad team, from it, gleam and, rising
displayed

Ho

left

hand

following.

3 Our Shuh a-hunting drove away, His four steeds all of colour grey. With heads in line the insidessped ; followed like the head The outsides

men of Ts'ing have moved to Chow. Proud pace on the left The mail-clad team, whosedriver Wheels round the chariot, and the spearman deft his spear ; 'tween them the general's face Displays
Looks

Succeeded
by

pleased

mimic ;\342\200\224'tis

war

upon

the Ho

!))

the

arms.)

'Il)

124)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART L)

BE VII.
fore

IX.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

125)

VI) The Kaou

Wem

FOK HIS ELEGANT

CELEBRATING ; narrative. AND APPEARANCE INTEGRITY.

SOME OFFICER OF

CH'ING

1 How
In

glossy is

the lambkin'sfur,
touch, and fair that officer

Smooth

to the

to view

I might have modified if I had had be the account of this piecea little, which was sent to me me, when I wrote it, the version now subjoined, in Australia. by my nephew Nothing could be better than the first two The third is, perhaps, better verses, which also are true to the original. of its kind ; but that kind is of Scotland, rather than of China. It is so good, however, that I have made no attempt to recast it ; but give it as received it,\342\200\224with this note.

true. Rests in his lot, to virtue With leopard-cuffs, the lambkin's Seems

it arrayed,

1 Says
Quoth fur

\"Get

made

for wearer

It well becomesthat
Whom

strong in fight.
from

See

oor gudewife, \" The cockis crawin'.\" \" The oor day is dawin'.\" gudeman, an' tak a spy ; up, gudeman,
the

officer,

none will see

swerve

Syne tak a saunter

There's

gin

mornin'-star
o\"

roon' aboot
and

be high,
;

the

right.

rowth

dyukes

geese

to shoot.

3 Splendid his robe of lambkin's fur, With its three decorations grand well beseems that officer,

It

The pride

and glory of
VII.

our

land.)

2 \" Lat flee, and bring them hame to me, An' sic a dish as ye sail pree. In comin' timesas ower the strings Tour noddm' heed in rapture hings,

Supremeower

The
HASTILY

Tsun

ta loo ; narrative. BROKEN OFF.

OLD

FRIENDSHIP

SHOULD

NOT

BE

We'll baith grow auld in worth and years. \" An' when we meet the friends ye like,

care,

nor

fasht

wi' fears,

I'll gie to
The
An'

each

some

little

I cannot
Choo

hears

cast her off leave the State.

of these two verses. venture on any further interpretation her lover not to in them the wordsof a woman entreating the words of the people, entreating good men not to ; Maou,

lasses
auld-warld

beads,

Some nick-nacklovin' To show the love that

trocks to their brithers, fairlies to their mithers.

hands

fyke

;\342\200\224

will

fin',

d walls

within.\

1 Along
Nor

I hold

the great highway,

break

O spurn me not, I
2 Along the
I hold
highway

you by the cuff.

pray,

IX. off.
Yew neu f\303\254ing Tteu ; narrative. THE PKAISE OF SOME make nothing more out of the piece than this, though of course, find a historical basis for it. interpreters, as a matter
The

old friendship
worn,

I can

LADY. the old

your hand in mine. Do not as vile me scorn ; Your love I can't resign.

1 There

by his
her

As lovely flower

So

side in chariot rideth she, of the hibiscustree,

; and when

fair

face

vm.

Scotic\303\250.

OF DO PICTURE A PLEASANT The Neu yneh Tte ming ; narrative. FKOM HEK SIDE TO HIS A WIFE BENDS HEK HUSBAND MESTIC LIFE. HIM TO CUL AND ENCOURAGES HEK AFFECTION, EXPRESSES
HUNTING, TIVATE

Its eldest

Her girdlegemsof Tteu themselves For beauty all the House of Keang
daughter,\342\200\224she

about they wheel,

reveal. have fame her name. walketh tree))

beseems him, hibiscus

VIRTUOUS

FRIENDSHIPS.)

2 There on the Bright as the

path, closeby

blossomof

she,

126) And

THE BOOK

OF

\316\222\316\232 VII.

POETRY.)

[PART

I.)

XIV.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

127)

fair her face; and when around they flit, Her girdle gems a tinkling sound emit. Among the Keang she has distinguished place, For virtuous fame renowned, and peerlessgrace.)

XII.)

The K\303\253aou t'mg

; narrative.

A
artful

WOMAN

scOESflNG

HER

LOVEE.

1 0

dear ! that
Refuses My

But, Sir, I shall

food,
! that
The

me a

word !
enjoy

boy

Shan

yen On

foo-foo

allusive.

though you're
artful

absurd !
! not

LADY

MOCKING

HEE

LOVEE.

dear

mountain

The lotus flower in It is not Tsze-toothat

But only you, you

grows the mulberry

meadow I see,

tree ;

damp.

My table will not share But, Sir, I shall enjoy

boy

My rest, though

you're

there

!)

foolish scamp!
meads

Polygonums

the

It

The lofty pines on mountains view. is not Tsze-ch'ung comes as lover You artful boy, 'tis only you !)
XI.

damp

cover;

XIII.

The K'een
; TACHMENT
DEFIANT

; chang TO HEE

narrative.
LOVEE,

A
WHOM

LADY'S

DECLARATION
ADDRESSES,

SHE

MANNER.

HOWEVER,

OF HEE AT IN A

1 If

The

2'oh tie;

metaphorical.

AN

APPEAL
ON

FROM

OFFICERS OF CH'lNG TO OF THE STATE.

THE
SAD

THEIR

SUPERIORS

THE

INTERIOR CONDITION

If you
Is

you, good I'll hold my

prefer

Sir,
'bout

continue

garments

be kind, the Ts'in up

to

to cross.
mind,

me to

there

Of
Most

Choo hears in this piece the words of a bad the ad woman, vances of her lovers,and offering to respond to them soliciting ; but this by no means appears on the surface of the verses ;\342\200\224it is, in fact, imported into them.)

to replace your loss ? all the foolish youths I've seen, foolish you I well may ween.
no other
Sir,
my

change your

2 If you,

If
1

I'll hold
you

good

continue

to be
up the

prefer

garments 'bout me

Ye

withered
Blown

leaves, ye
by

the

So tossedis Ch'ing. My spirit To see its sad decay.

Ye

wind

withered leaves,
away !
grieves

Is

no other to replace your loss ? Of all the foolish youths I've seen, Most foolish you I well may ween.)
there

Wei to cross. to change your mind,

kind,

Reform the State; we'llby

2 Ye
What

uncles,

nobles

of the

land,
you

stand

XIV.

withered leaves, ye withered leaves, winds so wildly tossed ! By heart receives my mourning grief

The Fung ; narrative. A WOMAN REGRETS WOULD WELCOME A FEESH SUITOE.

LOST OPPORTUNITIES,

AND

1 Handsome
Who

From Ch'ing thus

Uncles,
We'll

your starting note we wait ; follow and reform the State.)

foully

lost

for

I should

the suitor was and stout, in the lane looked out : have gone with him I doubt.))
me

128)
2

THE

BOOK

POETKT.) \316\237\316\223

[PAKT

I.)

BE

VII.

xviii.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKT.)

129)

Can Who That

> .1)

I that suitor's form forget, for me in the hall did wait I held off I now regret.
broidered

2 Whistles the wind, patters the rain,

The cock'scrow

far

resounds.

3 I'm here,my

and 0 Sir, 0 Sir, come Your waiting chariot I

Concealed beneath a garment As lovely is my lower robe, same guard 'gainst With the
me
shall

upper

robe
plain.

But I And

have seen my lord again, healed are my heart's wounds. amid the wind and rain, the cock's clear voice ! seen my lord again ;\342\200\224 not mv heart rejoice ?
XVII.

travel-stain.
convey
delay !

3 All's dark Ceaseless But I have

Should

hence
not

4 I'm
As

here,
lovely

my

broidered

lower

robe

Concealed
With

0 Sir, 0 Sir,if you would only come, me At once your chariot should convey
XV.

is my the same

beneath a garment upper robe,

guard

plain.
travel-stain.

The Tsze Jt'in; narrative. ABSENCE OF HER STUDENT

LADY

MOURNS THE INDIFFERENCE

AND

LOVER. students

'gainst

\"

Blue

Up to the collar

\"

present dynasty,
is a
with

designation of a graduate of
the

wore a blue collar, and the the first degree.

phrase

home

!)

1 You

student,

collai*

blue,

The Tung mun

LOVER'S

cTie shen AND

; narrative.
COMPLAINS

WOMAN DOES

RESIDENCE,

THAT HE

THINKS OF HER NOT COME TO

with anxious pain. Long pines my heart Although I do not go to you, from all word do you refrain ? Why

HER.

2 0

1 By

Hard
He

th' eastern gate, flat lies the ground, And madder there growson the slope.
by

My thoughts to you Although I do not go

Yet
why

you,

with

girdle

strings
for

of blue,
ever

roam

to you,

to

me

should

my

lover's

house

is found
my

you not come

;\342\200\224

keeps

away,

and mocks

hope.

2 Where
There

chestnuts
stands

grow, near
a row,

My heart turns aye to you, But ah ! to me you never

XVI.

where is your
its

th' easterngate,
home.

3 How reckless how and wild, you, light There by the tower upon the wall ! One day, from sight of you exiled, As long as three long mouths I call.)
XVIII.
che shivuy ; allusive. ONE AND PROTESTS AGAINST THEM DOUBT EACH OTHER.
TO

mate, come !)

The Tang

ANOTHER,

PARTY ASSERTS GOOD FAITH PEOPLE WHO WOULD MAKE

The Fung
OF GLOOM, 1

yu ; narrative. BY THE ARRIVAL

WIFE IB CONSOLED, OF HER HUSBAND.

IN CIRCUMSTANCES

1
A

Fretted
bundle There
Let

its waters
of thorns

Cold

But

The cock aye shrilly crows. I have seen my lord again

Now

is the wind,

fast falls the rain,

;\342\200\224

Yet gently flows

seem,
stream
;
:\342\200\224 :\342\200\224

the

must

my heart

repose.)
VOL.

Our brethren are so few are but I and you

nothing
9))

'twill not

bear.

our friendship

impair.

m.

130)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PART I.)

VII.
2

XXI.]

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.

131)

People's words don't believe;

They

are

meant

to deceive

Where
With

:\342\200\224

Their

purpose

is but

to ensnare.
seem,

the

There
Rose

the grass creeps o'er the dew all covered o'er, the finest man found I, forehead,
us

moor,

2
A

Fretted its waters

Yet

'Bove whose
his

gently flows the stream :\342\200\224 of wood 'twill not bear. bundle are so few ; Our brethren

And we both

Chance gave

clear and piercingeye, broad and high.

were happy
XXI.

a meeting

rare,
there.)

There are only Trust

nothing
not

we

two

:\342\200\224

Let

our friendship
the

impair.
breath
faith

They don't
Their

deserveyour
is but

people's

;
:\342\200\224

purpose

to ensnare.

A FESTIVITY narrative. \"OF CH'ING, Wei; TAGE TAKEN OF IT FOR LICENTIOUS ASSIGNATIONS.
Tsin

The

AND

ADVAN

XIX.
The Chilli k'e timg mun POOR WIFE, CONTRASTED

Tsin and Wei were two rivers in Ch'ing, which joined at a and flowed afterwards in a common stream.
OP HIS OWN

certain

point,

A MAN'S PRAISE ; narrative. BEAUTIES. WITH FLAUNTING

1 Of

the Tsin and the

the

Wei

Onward

broad
go

1 My

Dressed
in

path forth from the east gate lay, at play. the Where cloud-like moved girls Numerous are they, as cloudsso bright, on them my heart's thoughts light. But not
a thin

Women and men

With

stream pours.
by,

To gentleman
\"

valerian flowers.
a lady

white
my

silk,

with

coiffure

\"I've been,\"
\"

Have

you

been
he

there to
says, the
ladies

says,

and she

see the plays? \" our eyes.

replies,
find

gray,

Is she, my

wife,
by

joy

in life's

low way.
in

Let's

The ground
Large,

go

again,
beyond

and feast

Forth

the

I went, and saw, like rush

Each

covering

wall's high tower,

flower,

and

So gentlemenand
Their
And

for pleasure

well designed.\"
wend

Wei you'll

But not In thin Is she, my

white

flaunting
with

girl.
them

Brilliant are they,

heart's

my

thoughts

silk,
sole

with

head-dress
'foretime
XX.

delight,

my bride.

stay. madder-dyed,

to

way, in sport the day to spend, each other oft small peonies extend.
Tsin

Of

and

Wei

The lucid waters flow, And on their banks a throng

along

Of men

and

women

The IN AN

A LADT and allusive. man ts'aou ; narrative Yay yen\302\267 WHICH SHE HAD FORMED. CONNEXION UNLAWFUL
1

KEJOTCES

On

the moor,

There a handsome man 'Neath whose forehead,

Gleamed

Creepinggrass,bent
his

where thickly grew

down drew

with nigh,

dew,

broad and high,

eye.
And

To gentleman a lady says, \" Have you been there to seethe plays ? \" I've been,\" says he, and she replies, \" Let's go again and feast our eyes. The ground the Wei you'll find beyond and for pleasure well designed.\" Large,

go.

\"

clear
wish

'Twas by accidentwe
Glad

and piercing
met

So gentlemenand
to

ladies

wend

Their

was I

my

to get.)

way, in sport the each other oft small

day to spend, peonies extend.))

132)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

[PAKT

L)

BE

VIII.

m.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

133)

II\302\267

The MENTS BOOK

Se\303\261en;narrative. INTERCHANGED hill

FRIVOLOUS BY THE HUNTERS

AND

.VAINGLORIOUS OP TS'E.

COMPLI

VIII.)

Naou was a

in Ts'e,

not

far \"

from

the capital.

THE ODES OF

TSfE.

\"

How
What

agile
time boars

south. from Yaou's chief minister, hencethe Shang-f oo claimed to be descended Sometimes we find the surname Leu taking family surname was Ki-ang. the place of K\303\253ang, from a State so called in the Shang dynasty, of which his ancestorshad been chiefs. The Ke'angs continued in Ts'e for about six centuries and a half. Their last representative died in B.c. 378.)
the

the great fiefs of the kingdom of Chow. On the over throw of the Shang dynasty, king Woo appointed Shang-f oo, one of his known also as \" Grandfather principal ministers, Hope,\" marquis of Ts'e, with his capital at Ying-k'\303\253w;\342\200\224in the present district of Lin-tsze,de The State greatly partment increased in popu T'sing-chow, Slian-tung. lation and territory, having the Ho on the west, the sea On the east, and
one of

TS'Bwas

Two And

we

three years old in our chariots

thus that I spoke, 'Twas you are ! near to Naou together we drew.

The chasebeingover, you \" am I, as active art If agile

\" How 2

from cover then broke, after them flew. said with a bow, \"
thou !

Loo on

said I to you ; we met on the way. our view, two males attracted moment That our prey. we dashed, to make them at them And The chase being over, you said with a bow, \" \" ! am I, not less so art thou If skilful
skill !

'Twas when

une is your

\"

So

near

to Naou

3
HUSBAND

The Kerning; narrative. TO BISE EARLY, 1 His

A MODEL MARCHIONESS STIMULATING HEB AND ATTEND TO HIS DUTIES AT COURT.

lady marquis says, \"The cockhas crowed \302\267 'tis late. Get up, my lord, and basteto court.

to the
for hear

to you then, we came. wolves came under our ken, two That moment the we drove, well pleased with And game. hotly The chase being over, you said with a bow, \ \" art thou ! If I know my art, as artful
I said

\" How

When south

you know your

of

art ! \"

mount

ISfaou

together

She did not

'Tis

full

you they wait.3' the cock's shrill

ILL

Only the blue flies buzzing round.

sound,

The f\303\255wo ; narrative.

HEE
BRIDEGROOM.

A BEIDE

DESCRIBES

HER

FIRST

MEETING WITH

Again

\" The

she

wakes

him with
lord,

A crowded court your seeks ; presence Get up, and hail the light.\" 'Twas not the dawning light which shone, But that which by the moon was thro\\vn.
8

east, my

the words,

is bright.

He
To

\"

Of officers

Were pleasant,but
will

still, once more she says, sleeping The flies are buzzing loud. dream here by your side lie and
the

that this piece was directed against The critics, old and new, suppose in person, to the disuse of the practice which required the bridegroom, meet his bride at her parents' house, and conducther to her future home. in the piece itself ; and, indeed, there is does not appear, This however, to sup in it about a bride and bridegroom, though it is natural nothing Some think that we have three pose that the speaker in it is a bride. brides in it, and as many bridegrooms; but it is more in accordance with the structure of many other pieces, to supposethat the places where the parties meet, and the colour of the stones of the ear-stoppers, are varied, simply to prolong the piece, and give new rhymes.

crowd

1 He
With
The

soon

Draw not on you

and me their ire ! \

retire

waited 'tweenthe gateand screen, strings of white silk seen. ear-plug

plugs

themselves

had

/\302\253pa-stones'

sheen.))

1-31)

TEE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET L)

VIII.

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.

2 He
With

waited in the court and stood,

ear-ping

were The plugs themselves yung stones good. 3 There in the hall he stoodand stayed. Of yellow silk his plug-strings made. The plugs of fine y ing gems displayed.)

strings

of silk

green-hued.

wands, o Ou garden fence, made but of willow fear. E'en reckless fellows look with Our

prince
soon,

Too

dawn can't tell the night from or late, his calls appear!)

;\342\200\224

VI.

IV.

The Nan
TWEEN

shan;

allusive.

ON

THE

DISGRACEFUL

The Twngfang OF THE PEOPLE

cue jlJi ;
OP Ts'E.

narrative.

THE

LICENTIOUS

INTERCOURSE

THE MARCHIONESS K\303\213ANG, S\303\213ANG OP TS'E AND H WAN \342\200\224AGAINST WAN

OP LOO, AND OP LOO.

CONNEXION BE HER BROTHER ;

Such is
adopted

the for

it

ordinary want of

account

a better.

given of

this

short

piece ; and

have

1 When the sun is in the east,

That

In
She

There fronting me is
treads

my

lovely chamber

girl I see. she appears

she.

maras duke Hvvan, Kwei, the marquis of Loo, known uf the House of Ts'e, known as Wan Koang. There was ; and on his accession in improper affection between her and her brother The consequences were\342\200\224incestbetween him. [O Ts'e, the couple visited of her husband, and a disgraceful the brother and sister, the murder of Tg'e the guilty pair. The marquis between connexion, long continued, is known in history as duke S\303\253ang. Stanzas 1 and 2 are to be taken as duke Hwan.) and the other two as against directed against duke S\303\253ang,

In

B.C.

708,

\342\200\242ied a daughter

upon

And quickly

comes to me.
is in the I see.

my footsteps,

1 There

When That

the

moon girl

east,
she.

'Twixt door and

'Twixt

lovely

screenshe passes;
door is
my

screen

and

She treads upon

And

hastes away from

V.

footsteps,
me.)

where the South hill rises high and great, fox sits, suspicious and alone. to Loo, to wed her mate; went Ts'e'sdaughter and easy, is well known. The pathway, plain thus away she went ; her From you, brother, ? like fox intent of think further her, Why
A male

2 The

The Twngfang ming LARITY AND DISORDER OP THE OF GIVING THE IN THE TIME
me

; narrative and metaphorical.

OP Ts'E ; AS SEEN AUDIENCE. MORNING
COURT

THE

IRREGU ESPECIALLY

1 I

was putting
Before

the
putting

I 2I
I

was

When a call to the court came here.

was

eastern sky my clothes clothes

my clothes on upside down, was clear. on upside down,

on upside down,

dolichos five kinds of shoes supplies, a pair. always so that two shall form for ties, serve On caps they match the strings that a hair. The same in length, not differing and easy lies, The road to Loo all plain Ts'e's which joined her husband there. daughter By that travelled Sinceshehas you, way leaving to pursue ? Why do you her continue
Made is the course we take,\342\200\224 and across we dress. Taking a wife, the thing at once we make and their leave possess. Known to our parents, Ts'e's daughter thus you took of Loo, Since, prince on her evil ways indulgent look?)) Why
sow,

3 Hemp seedto
The

this

acres

lengthwise

Ere showedthe east the risingflame. was putting my clothes on upsidedown, from the court an order came.) When

putting

my

;\342\200\224

136)

THE
act

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAKT I.)

VIII. X.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

137)

4 How do we
\342\200\242\"Tis Taking

when the

through a wife,

firewood we would axe in hand that we

this form

we must

succeed.
done
;\342\200\224

split ?

IX.)

admit,\342\200\224

The Pe
WAN
KBANG HER

Turn;

Without
When

Why

we cannot speed. go-between home your wife, all this was you brought let her now to such excesses run ?)
the

metaphorical. IN RETURNING

THE BOLD LICENTIOUS FREEDOM OF DUKE CHWANG OF TO TS'E ;\342\200\224AGAINST alike

Loo,

SON.
new

The old and piece to be Wan

schools

her husband.

Ke'ang This is

\"of this understand \"Ts'e's daughter the preface speaks of it as directed against See on ode VI. altogether unlikely. ; but

1 Bent
The
BEYOND

is the basket at the dam,

bream

Foo t'een; 1 The

metaphorical.
will

THE

FOLLY OP

PURSUING

OBJECTS)

Where

and kwan

ONE'S STRENGTH.)

As uselessis the prince of

In

abound ;
Loo,

weeds
try

but

the

ranker
seek

To

If fields too large you

to

grow,
to till.
will

With grief your toiling heart

2 If

gain

men far away

Ts'e's daughter now to Ts'e Her followers as a cloud;

fill.

vigour

wanting
hold

found.
comes

back,

Her

son

should

her fast in

to shroud. Her wickedness

is

Loo,

fields too large you seek to till, The weeds will only rise more strong. To try to gain men far away

Rent

the

basket

Will but your heart's

grow

distressprolong.
themselves

Where bream and tench abound ; As uselessis the prince of Loo, Back comesTs'e'sdaughter, Of followers at her side;
son

at the dam,

In

vigour

wanting
hold

found.

Things

the

best

How

rare. Left, and to nature's vigour young and tender is the child, his

when to

with

a shower

Her
!)

should

her fast

in

With

But when
That

tufts of falling hair ! him ere long behold, you child shall cap of manhood wear
twin

Her

wanton

ways to
out

hide.
dam

Loo,

3 Rent is the basket at

Fish
in

the

and

vm.

BackcomesTs'e's daughter,
IN TS'E

As useless is the prince of Loo, And vigour fails to show.

with

can go ;

a stream

The Loo ling

HUNTERS.

narrative.

THE ADMIRATION

or

HOUNDS

AND

Her son should

Of followers

behind ;
hold

her

fast in
confined.)

1 Lin-lin

go the hounds ; lin-lin Their master is kindly and

double
goodness

From such lewd ways

Loo,

the good,

hounds as we

go.

know.
The
THE OPEN SHAMELESSNESS Tsae Jt'eu ; narrative. WITH HER BROTHER. HER MEETINGS 1 OF WAN

With

In

rings
and

furnished, their grace

on go the hounds ; master abounds.

rush

IN K\303\213ANG

3 Three rings at their necks,they Their masteris famous for power

to the

and for

chase ;

On

comes
With

her chariot,

fast and loud,

finely

grace.)

screen

of bamboos

wove,))

138)
And leather
Ts'e's

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT I.)
;\342\200\224

VIII. \316\225\316\272

XI.]

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETET.

139))

To this
2 Her
The

daughter
from

'Twas but
four

last

hastes to lawless love. the road is smooth and plain ; Loo train. she started with her night
steeds

bright,

vermilion-hued

2 Renowned
The

through

his With clear and lovely eyes, May not be told by word.
All

nephew

of our

all the lord.

land is he.
grace

black

Soft are the reins the driver road from Loo is smooth
Ts'e's

are beautiful
holds. and

;
plain
;\342\200\224

Suchis
With

He'll never
the

day

at target

missthe bird.
of Loo, and yet him we're stirred

practice,

prince

Full

daughter's
fear

of

Abashesher,nor
8 Broad flow
the

complacency

heart its joy unfolds. is she ; nor shame of evil name.

grief

for

All

High forehead, and eyesbright.

And

grace

and

beauty

he displays,

the Wan, And crowds go by. The road from Loo is smooth and plain ;\342\200\224 She looks around with careless eye. see her gives her no concern That ; many to her licentious Herthoughts fancy turn.
waters of of travellers
of the Wan ; 4 On sweepthe waters More numerous are the travellers now. The road from Loo is smooth and plain ;\342\200\224 Ts'e's shows her brazen brow. daughter and proud, ease she holds her onward At way, of what all think Careless of her display.)

The target
Straight Lights And

dancing

choice
hit

His arrows

all
one

through on the yet we

Rebellionhe couldwell

they go, and every self-same spot.

withstand,
!)

aright.

mourn his lot

XI
tseay NOTWITHSTANDING

The E

narrative. LAMENT HIS BEAUTY OF

PEBSON,

OVEB DUKE CHWANG OF Loo, ELEGANCE OF MANNERS,

AND SKILL IN ABCHEB5T.

.

There

Chwang's

underlies these mother.

versesa
is

reference

to the

disgraceful conduct of

1 A

grand
With

man

the large
and

Lofty his
What
With

person
front,

prince of Loo, and high. suited to

-^

The fine glance are his feet. Swift

man
all

with
and

of his eye ! In archery him can vie ?

qualities,
sigh
!)

these

We see him

goodly
we

140)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART I.)

IX.

III.]

THE) BOOK

OF

POETET.)

141)

1 Where
To

are found, The sorrel-gatherers

eke

near the Hwun damp is the ground,

their

BOOK IX.)
THE

Such arts that

(Whose

scanty food.
displays,

officer

ODES

OF WEI.

from that in the title of character here is quite a different from the other, indicated by it was far distant v., and the State the same English the two names with we are obliged to write though letters. This was within the present K\303\253ae-chow of Shan-se, but did not now forming that department. It was thus a extend over all the territory and industrious. small State, but the manners of the people were thrifty the State of Wei, and in In B.C. 660, duke Heen of Tsin extinguished of the kingdom, At the division it with his own dominions. corporated Wei had been assigned to of the Shang dynasty, after the subjugation have been pre some chief of the Ke stock ; but no details of its history that these served. In consequence of this, many critics are of opinion odes of Wei are really odes of Tsin, and that they are prefixed to those are prefixed to the odes of that of P'ei and Yung of T'ang, just as those other Wei, all really belonging to it.

THEWei

elegance exceeds all praise ;) In him they are not good. Charged with the cars of State, we look to show a higher style of mind. His conduct
2

find

Book

On the
Who

Hwun's banks the

the mulberry
beauty

That officerhimself

In grace
Such

A little gain to make.

and

pluck

leaves around,

poor are found,

like
doth

a flower,

The carsof
Strange

3 Where

For ox-lip
That
officer

ways to take. is his charge ;\342\200\224 such high post his mind should not enlarge the Hwun bends to join the Ho,
small mean
State

lower,

to marshal

leaves

the

Some nourishment to find.

we

people

go,

I.
The Koh Tt,eu ; narrative. OF AtEALTHY MEN IN WEI.

THE

EXTBEME

PABSUIONIOUSNESS

EVEN

1 Thin cloth In which

A

of dolichos supplies some have to brave

poor,
make,

the

shoes,

as small, Yet shrinks he not from ways To greed too much inclined. kindred he has for his care ; \342\200\224 The ruler's he not show a loftier character ?) Should

gem-like

call,

the

frost

and cold.
III.

bride,

This man
Collars

to Her dress
is and

when

her tender
and

hands must use,

sharp

the

needle hold.
The
CAUSE

wealthy, waistbands

yet he makes his bride for his robes provide.

Yiien yew t'ami ; allusive. AN OFFICES TELLS HIS GEIEP BE OF THE SlATE, AND HOW HE WAS OF THE MISGOVEENMENT MISUNDERSTOOD.
1 A
A

-he moves with easy mien ; of wealth, 2 Conscious Politely on the left he takes his place ; The ivory pin is at his girdle seen ;

fruit, small
May

as the gardenpeach,
used

still

be

5Tisthis,\342\200\224his

His dress and gait Why do we brand him

niggard

show
in

gentlemanly grace. our satire here ? provokes

State,

If but
Our

its rule
is bad,
mournful

though

soul

the sneer.)

rule
With

were good. our state is sad,

heart

poor

for food. as ours,

might

thrive,

II.
The \303\257\303\257intn teew-joo

All can from My mood

THE
PAKSIMONIOTJSNESS

instrument

I grieve. and voice

of mind perceive.
me

; allusive.

AGAINST

or)

Who

know

THE OFFICERS

OF WEI.)

Deem me a scholar proud.))

not, with

scornful thought,

142
\"

THE
Those

BOOK

OP

POETRY.

[PART I.

BE

IX.

vi.j

THE BOOK

OP

POETRY.

143)

are right.\" they fiercely say, \" mean your words so loud ? Deepin my heart my sorrows lie,

\"What

men

\" Alas for

He
May

And none
should
learn
To

How

they know, who never try whence comes our woe ?

the causemay

know.

In
And

in never he careful
the

! my child on serviceabroad shuts an sleep eye. be, and come back to me ! \" wild may his body not lie !

Up

the

lofty
towards

ridge

2 The gardenjujube, although small, May still be used for food.

A

Till with
And

\" thrive,

my brother my mind's eye his mind's ear hears my ! my

I, toiling, ascend, I gaze,

State,

If but
Our

its rule
is bad,
mournful

though

rule
With

were good. our state is sad,

heart

poor

as ours,

Alas
All

might

May And

with day he careful

die

the Methinks I'll wander through land, My misery to relieve. me not, with scornful thought, Who know

I grieve.

young brother, serving abroad, his comrades must roam. be, and come back to me, \ not away from his home !
v.

form I espy, how he says :\342\200\224

The Shihmow

cfte

Deem that \"What

wild

views

I hold.

or

Jt&n ;

narrative.

THE STEAITS or

THE PEASANTRY)

WEI.)

\"

Those

men

mean

Deepin my
How

And none the causemay know. can they know, who never try To learn whence comes our woe ?)

are right,\" they fiercely say, \" your words so bold ? heart my sorrows lie,

In versifying this short piece, have followed the view of Choo,who thinks that in the 3rd line of each verse a worthy officer, disgusted with the of the court, proposes to a companion to withdraw to a quiet irregularities life among the mulberry trees in the country.

1 Among their The planters

\"

Ho

! back,\"

move idly about at their ease. \" and let us join these ! \" says a courtier, these ! \"

ten acres of

mulberry

trees,

IV.

HIMSELF

The ClnJi 7ioo; WITH 1 To

THE

narrative. A YOUNG SOLDIER THOUGHT OF HOME. tree-clad father

ON

SERVICE

SOLACZS

2 Beyondtheir ten acresof mulberry trees, The planters move idly about at their ease.
\"

Away,\"

says

a courtier,

\"

and

join

us with

the top of that And towards my Till with my mind's

And

\"

my

mind's
not

Alas

May he
While

He rests
careful

for my son
from be,

eye his form I espy, ear hears how he says :\342\200\224

hill I I gaze,

go,

VI.

The Fall Van: allusive. AGAINST THE IDLE AND GREEDY MINIS TERS or THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THEM AND A STALWAKT STATE.
WOODMAN.

on service abroad!
morning and come

he

is away,

how I

grieve !
I gaze,
furm

till eve. back to me !

\"

K'an-Jc'an
Then

upon the sandal trees The woodman's strokesresound.

on

the

bank

To the

And towards my Till with my mind's And my mind's

top of that

barren
mother

hill

I climb, I espy,
she

ear hears how

eye her

says

:\342\200\224)

His axe brings to the ground The while the stream goes rippling Its waters cool and clear. You work not so, O Wei's great From me the truth now hear.))

he lays the trunks

;
by,

men,

144)

THE BOOK
You sow no Your soft
And And

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET 1.)

BE IX.

vu.]
Your
Who

THE

BOOK

or

POETET.)

145) tasks

yet

tasks seed ; no harvest hands take in charge ; three hundred farms, each boasts

You sow no seed;

soft hands that
his

no harvest
undertake ;

Yet grain eachboasts,threehundred

You

binns

stores

You never
Nor
Yet

dare

join the hunt's halloo, to share its toils ;

wide
with

the

produce

large.

never

Your feeble courage fails;

are seen
spoils.
rude
Yet

join

grain did make ? the hunt's halloo ;

;\342\200\224

lo

! your

courtyards
badgers'
woodman

lo

! your

I must conclude that A man of higher

Hung round

I must
A

Largo strings of
man

wide courtyards
slaughtered

display
quails.

conclude that woodmanrude

of higher

To eat the bread of

He

style.
idleness
him

To eat the
vile.

bread of

style.
idleness
him

feels would

stamp

He

feels would

stamp
VII.

vile.)

2 K'an-k'an

Then by
What

upon the sandal wood strokesresound, The woodman's

the fit

The while Its waters clear and smooth. You work not so, O Wei's greatmen,
From You

side he lays river's for spokes is found; onward flows, river the

The SMh sJioo; metaphorical.

TOEIION \316\237\316\223 THE GOVERNMENT

AGAINST THE OPPEESSION OF \\\\\316\210\316\220.

A.OT EX-

Large
That

rats,
you

large rats,
millet

let us entreat
eat.
are
mean

our

me

now hear

sow

stain ; Your dainty fingers sheaves each boaststhree million Whence gets he all that grain ? You never join the hunt's halloo,

no seed;

the truth.\342\200\224 no harvest tasks

;-

But the
And

With whom three

all

large rats we

will not

And yet

One

Nor

brave
your

its

ventures

Yet lo !
I

bold ;

wide

To eat the
He 3 K'an-Jt'an
Upon

old. Those boars of three years must conclude that woodman rude of higher A man style.

courtyards

display

We That happier land we long to view. 0 happy land ! O happy land ! There in our proper place we'll stand.

time have never known of kindness on us thrown. take our leave of Wei and you ;
that look

years we've had to do,

you,

bread of

idleness
him

feels would

stamp

vile.

2 Largerats,largerats,let us entreat You'll not devour our crops of wheat. But the large rats we mean are yon, With whom three years we've had to do
And all that time you never wrought One kindly act to cheerour lot. Toyou and Wei we bid farewell, Soou in that happier State to dwell. 0 happy State ! O happy State !

resound the
the

woodman's strokes

sandal

Then on the river's lip he lays What for his wheels is good;
The

wood ;

while

the dou't
brought

river work,
to

Soft rippled by the

That

onward flows,

There shall we learn to blessour fate.

rats,
springing

wind.

Is thus

you

0 Wei's great my mind.)

men,

Large
Our

large rats,
grain

let us entreat
eat.

you will not

VOL.

III.

10))

146

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY. are

[PART I. you,

BK X.

i.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

147)

With whom three years we've had to do. while From you there came not all that One word of comfort 'mid our toil. take our leave of you and Wei ; We coasts we flee. to those And happier 0 happy coasts, to you we wend !

But the

large rats we

mean

BOOK

X.)
OF

There shall our groans and

sorrows

end.)
fiefs

THE ODES

perhaps, of the greatest, THE odes of T'ang were the odes of Tsin,\342\200\224the >fi, Ching, in B.c. 111 King of Chow, until the rise and growth of Ts'in. where with the territory his youngest brother, called invested Sliuh-yu, of T'ang;\342\200\224 Yaou was supposedto have ruled anciently as the marquis that in the present department of T'ae-yuPn, Shan-se,the fief retaining was the river Tsin, and Shihancient name. In the south of the territory The soil, to the marquisate. gave its name foo, the son of Shuh-yu, it is said, was thin and the people poor ; but they were diligent, thrifty, to It is difficult and plain in their ways, thinking deeply and forecasting. be had gone into disuse, should of the State, which say why the name greatly, given to the collection of its poems. The State of Tsin developed on the west, and extending nearly to it the Ho as its boundary having on the south and east.

I.
The

THE

PEOPLE

AND DISCRETION Op THE CHEERFULNESS Si7i-fsii7i ; narrative. AT PITTING OF TSIN, AND THEIR TEMPERED ENJOYMENT

SEASONS.

The

And

Then
But
Take

Ere the

appears in the hall, its close draws the year. to pleasure let us to-day give way,
cricket
towards

; duty should have our first thought bound. Indulgence we strictly must :\342\200\224 heed lest the joy our reason destroy around. and out looks man The good

days and

months

disappear.

in the hall. The cricketappears on. And the year is fast passing Then let us to-day to pleasure give way, shall be gone. Ere the days and months But some things our care still demand;

Take heed lest the

The

Against

all

excess
joy

our 10*)

we must reason

guard.
destroy
too :\342\200\224

good

man thinks 110toil

hard.

\303\214))

148)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAET I.)

BE X. iv.])

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

in the hall ; The cricketappears The need for oar carts is all o'er. to pleasure Then let us to-day give way, be no more. Ere the days and months of griefs that may come; But first think
Between

as describing the plottings of conspirators in This piece is to be talcen the capital of Tsin, and the person whom they address as an emissary Kaou was a city in the territory of K'e'uh-yuh. from Hwan-shuh.

1 'Midst To
And Yuh

the fretted waters

rocks

the

Take heed lest the

The

extremes our joy

good

man is

calm and

keep the mean. reason destroy :\342\200\224

The white
we'll

grandly

stand.

follow

serene.

II.
The GOOD

And

Your master to invest, hail him lord of Tsin,

With white silk robe in of red hue, collar

you,

hand,

THE

Shan yen cli'oa ; allusive. THINGS WHICH WB HAVE, OF OTHEKS. HANDS

THE FOLLY OP NOT ENJOriN\303\226 THE AND LETTING DEATH TUT THEM INTO

Ofthe

whole

State our

The sight

Will joy
2

to all our hearts afford.

the fretted

of him,

possest. princely

lord,

1 The And

grow, thorny elms on the mountains the white elms rise where the groundsare low. You suits of robes which you never wear have ; fain to spare. are You have steeds and cars you All these another will have by and by, For the time will come when you shall die.
The And

'Midst

waters
glist'ning
you,
in

The white rocks To Kaou we'll follow

With white And collar of
And

stand.
hand,

silk robe red hue,

axes

broidered

Jc'aou the

trees new

Unwatered

Your drums and your

All

thrive on the trees rise where your courts, your

bells

mountain's brow, the grounds are low. rooms are unswept ;

silent

Your master
As
When

to invest

fine,

chief
him,

our

all

these

another
will trees

shall
come

For the time

3 The varnish
And

have by and by, when you shall die. mountains

are kept.

From every 3 'Midst the fretted

The

of T'ang's great line. lord, we see, princely we shall be free. pain

waters

white

grow, the grounds are low. feast, your lute gaily play, Why To add to your joy, and lengthen the day. Another's your house will be by and by, For the time will come when you shall die.)
the

on the

chestnuts at the not,

rise where

Your orders we have heard, But not a single word

rocks grandly
us know.)

show.

Shallany

from

IV.
The BRATE

III.
Yang che slavvy ; allusive. OF TSIN BY THE CHIEF -MAKQUIS
The

THE

and Tscaou leaou ; allusive THE POTTER AND PROSPERITY GROWTH OF HIS PAMILY.

metaphorical.
OP JEtvVAN-SHUH,

SUPPOSED

TO CELE AND TO PREDICT

See the

note to the 1

last

piece.

REBELLION THE PLOTTED AGAINST OF K'EUH-YUH AND HIS PARTISANS.

What clusters

in the beginning of his rule, the marquis Ch'aou (B.C. 711\342\200\224738) with the great city of vested his uncle, called Ching-sze and Hwan-shuh, ; and from this proceeding there K'\303\253uh-yuh, thus weakening his own power resulted long disorder in the State of Tsin. A party was soon formed in his room.) to displace the marquis, and raise Hwan-shuh At

A measure,

Sing hey

for

luxuriant and large, they would As much without peer Is this hero here ! the shoots of the pepper plant

The pepperplants

so rare
bear !

fill.

still !))

150)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PAKT

I.)

BK

X. VIII.]

THE BOOK

OF

POBTET.

151

2
Luxuriant

\"What

clusters

The pepper
and

plants bear !
of our State
great

so rare

So generousand
This
And

large,

both chief

your hands they would fill.

it's

hey

for the

! far-shooting pepper plant still !)

V. 2

brother one I walk alone, without left, And thus of natural aid am I bereft. Plenty of people there are all around, like my own father's sons are found. none But who for ever hurry Ye travellers, by, the turn me on eye ? unsympathizing \"Why No brother lives with whom my cause to plead ? for me the helpingdeed not perform Why

;\342\200\224

HUSBAND The Chow-mom; allusive. UNION. TIIEIB UNEXPECTED LIGHI \316\221\316\231

AM)

WIFE

EXPBESS

THEIB, DE-

But richwith

A russet

pear tree
verdant

rises all alone,

foliage

o'ergrown.

probably \"

\" in the original text is the Three stars,\" is By \"the Heart,\" which is also called the constellationof Sin, or to be understood what the Heart,\" in Scorpio.

1 Bound and round the faggots I've bound, the Heart in heaven shines clear. And ! I such an evening have found Oh ! that this good man should be here ! That With a husband like this

brother's one I walk alone, without care, To whom I might, amid my straits, repair. Plenty of people there are all around, are found. none like those of my own name But Ye travellers, who for ever hurry by, eye ? Why on me turn the unsympathizing No brother lives with whom my cause to plead ;\342\200\224 ? for me the helpingdeed not perform Why
VII.

me

0 me

I have

nothing

to fear.
The THEIB
\316\232\316\261\316\277\316\271\316\271 Ti'eiv ;

Round At

and the to

round corner
we

Strange
Thus

that

meet
O)

the grass we have bound ; shines the Heart. such an evening have found and never to part !)
oy
without

narrative.

THE PEOPLE

OF SOME
WHILE

COMPLAIN

OF HIS HARD

OF TKEATMEN\303\217

THEM,

CHEAT OFFICES THEY DECLARE

LOYALTY.

!
or art

Choo

differs attempt

does not !

lowed the

Preface.

in the Preface, but from the view of these verses given of them himself. I have fol to give any interpretation

That

this

meeting

come should h)

scheming ;

3 Bound and round the thorns I have bound the door the Heart I see. From ! I such an evening have found ! that Oh is come to me ! this Beauty That

1 You,
To

of

the leopard's us have been

But we look backon many an ancestor, And stay, when we another chief might
2

cuff and lambkin's a governor unkind ;

fur,

find.

0 me! 0
lady

me

Unsympathizing,
With Man

That

this

so lovely mine only

VI.

should be !)

of What

poor folks from day to day are you. the lambkin fur and leopard cuff, us here but hearts that still beat keeps
us

violent, and

rough

true ?)

The Te too ;
BBOTIIEKS

LAMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL BEEEAYED or allusive. AND BELATIVES, OB FOKSAKEN BY THEM.

HIS
The Paou
OUT

VIII.

1 A
But

russet pear
rich

tree risesall alone,

the growth

of leaves upon

it

shown

!)

THEMEN OF TSIN, CALLED yn ; allusive or metaphorical. TO WAI\303\214FAEB BY THE KING'S OVEE THE CONSE OBDEE, MOUBN AND LONG FOR THEIB RETURN OF THEIB PARENTS, QUENT SUFFERING \303\217O THEIR OEDINARY AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS.))

152)

THE
referred,

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PART

I.)

BK

X.

x.])

THE BOOK made

OP

POETEY.)

153)

we may presume correctly, to some time after for more than fifty years, a struggle went on between the ambitious chiefs of K'\303\253uh-yuh, and the marquises proper of Tsin. The people were in the main loyal to Tsin, and one king and another sent to support them. There was of course great trouble and expeditions in the State, and the work of agriculture confusion was much interfered with.

duke Ch'aou,

This piece is

when,

1 The

wild geese fly the bushy oaks around, With clamour loud. Suh-suh their wings As for their feet poorresting-place is found. The affairs admit of no delay ; king's Our millets still unsown, we haste away. No food is left our parents to supply ; When we are gone, on whom can they rely O azure Heaven, that shinest there afar, When shall our homes receive us from the

resound,

It was an of the whole State. himself master the reigning king He, and but the usurper bribed got In this piece \\ve must sup of Tsin. himself acknowledged as marquis to from officers an the is made by one of his envoy pose that application capital for the royal confirmation. China were marked by the number of The different ranks in ancient The prince of a great State robes, &c., conferred by the king. carriages, on his robes. Those had pre had seven of the ten royal symbolic figures to the marquisesof Tsin, and Woo might have assumed belonged viously them at once,but he wished to have the king's sanction in doing so. The of the crown, was prince of a State, when serving at court as a minister held to be of lower rank by one degree; hence the seven symbols of 1 appear in 2 as only 6. stanza
death duke Woo, act of spoliation,

1 ? war

State
But

?
2

2 The wild
Attempt

Our millets still unsown, we haste away. shall our parents their requirements get ? How in our absence shall their wants be met ? O azure Heaven, that shinest there afar, When shall our homes receive us from the war ? 8 The bushy mulberry trees the geese in rows and to rest around them Seek eager, close,\342\200\224 With loud, as disappointment grows. rustling The king's affairs admit of no delay ; To plant our rice and maize we cannot stay. How shall our parents find their wonted food ?
How
When

ease ;\342\200\224 their Suh-suh wings go flapping in the breeze. The king's affairs admit of no delay ;
to

geese on the bushy jujube trees

settle,

robes can he be said to want ? His robes the seven high symbols show. let him have them by your grant :\342\200\224 and fortune will bestow. That peace

and are ill at

robes can he be said to want ? The symbols six his robes display. let him have them by your grant, But And that will lasting peace convey.)
State

X.
The

Tern teclie, too

CIRCUMSTANCES,

; metaphorical.

OP HIS
ABOUND

HIM

COMPANIONS

SOME ONE REGRETS THE POVERTY HIM FBOM GATHERING WHICH PREVENTED WHOM HE ADMIRED.

we

are
Heaven,

O azure

gone,
that
homes

who

will

to

shinest
receive

When shall our

them be good ? there afar, us from the war ?)

left of the way, a i-usset pear tree Stands there all alone,\342\200\224a fit image of me. 0 that he would come, There is that princely man ! And me be at home ! in my poor dwelling with In the core of my heart do I love him, but say, Whence shall I procure him the wants of the day.
On the
At

2
IX.

the

bend

in the

The

Woo

e;

narrative.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

OP DUKE

BEQUEST WOO AS

TO THE KING'S MABQUIS

OP)

ENVOY FOE THE

In B.C. 678 the struggle between the was brought to a close,and Ching, earl

branches of
of

the

House
called

of

Tsin
his)

K'\303\253uh-yuh,

after

Whence shall I procurehim

Stands there all alone,\342\200\224a fit image of me. There is that princely 0 that he would come, man ! And himself here at home ! with me be rambling In the core of my heart I love him, but say,
the

way

a russet

pear

tree

wants

of the

day.))

154

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.

[PAKT I.)

X.

XII.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

155)

XI.)

Another

version.

By W. T. Mercer.)

A WIFE and narrative. The Xoh sang ; allusive TO BE COMFORTED, OF HEB HUSBAND, REFUSING TILL HER OWN DEATH.) HIS ME1IOKY
1 The

MOURNS THE DEATH AND WILL CHE1\303\217ISH

1 The

O'er the waste

man

dolichos grows
is of

and covers the thorn,

the

The

my

What tree dolichos over the thorn ; grows throws Its shoots o'er the waste the convolvulus finds its proper aid each plant. Thus He whom I loved, my husband, from me gone, I sadly mourn my lot, and dwell alone, Doomed thus support to want. my heart's

home
the

creeping. dragon-plant heart is away, and I mourn.\342\200\224 ? have I, lonely and weeping
the dolichos

cover ; The graves many dragon-plants But where is the man on whose breast I'd repose ? No home have I, having no lover !

Covering

jujubes

grows,

twines 2 The dolichos round The tombs with convolvulus

3 Fair to see was the pillow of horn, And fair the bed-chamber's adorning
But

the

jujube

covered

tree ; we see
heart,

the man
All

of

my

heart

is not

here, and

mourn

:\342\200\224

He

Each
whom

Is here Nor

no more, and I remain apart, can my life's strength now embrace.

room

thrives in its proper plant I loved, the husband of

place.
my

alone,

and wait for

the morning.

While

I'm 5
Through

the my head, long days of summer pass over And long winter nights leave their traces, of years shall have a hundred ! Till alone fled, And then I shall meet his

embraces.

3 Bright in our
And When

was

coverlet first

broidered in one

was blent our fate. The husbandof my heart, whom I admired, Is hereno more,and I must live retired, And for each morning lonely wait.

the pillow of horn, the couch to adorn,

the

longwinter

Through

But when

Time shall have

shall

the long
be

nights I am burdened with summer days I am lonely ;

counted

fears,

its hundred Only

!)

of years

then

his\342\200\224and his

4 Each day
Shall

Each night as longas the

I in
will

a day

of the

long summer light,

dark

XII.)
;\342\200\224

winter

solitude here
seem

night
run

The
DEREBS.)

Ts'ae

A hundredyears
Ere

pine.
their

ling

metaphorical.

AGAINST

GIVING

EAR TO SLAN-)

course to

of this
And

mortal life
within

him

the

the time is done, tomb I join.

night,
light
;\302\267\342\200\224

When

The ling
And

5 Eachnight as longasthe dark winter Each day a day of the long summer
To

The Nor heed the

to Show-yang's top to go, there to take, plants speaker false at once you'd know,
told
so,

when

men their
be

wordshe spake.
slow.

no comfort e'er will come. My life will seem to last a hundred years, its welcome close appears, Till in my death I go home.) And to his chamber
me

To credit them
Put

stories feign,

Belief should
'Tis thus
Subside,

them aside, put them

aside;
men

the stories told by

nor farther
go.))

slowly

grow.

156)

THE BOOS
2

OF

POETET.)

[PART

I.)

\316\247\316\231. \316\225\316\272 \316\271.])

THE

BOOK OP

POETEY.)

157)

When

told to

search round
there

base, Show-yang's
case,

Sow-thistles

to find,

The search you'd think a hopeless Nor would the counsel mind. And men their stories so, when

Do not

feign,

BOOK

XI.)
OF

approve

in

haste.

Put

them aside, put them

should

aside ;
men

Assent

be

'Tis thus the.stories

Soon

repressed. rest.

THE

ODES

TSfIN.

told by

unregarded

3 When
You'd
And And

told Ou
know
let

th'

east

For mustard-plants to
so,

of Show-yang
try,

hill

the when

Put

them aside, put them aside, Your faith loth to extend. JTis thus the stories told by men

No hearing

the quest would speed but words pass by. meu their stories feign,
to

ill,

them

lend.

Come shortly

to

an

end.)

THE State of Ts'in took its name from its earliest principal city,\342\200\224in of Ts'in-chow, Kanpresent district of Ts'ing-shwuy, department from Its chiefs claimed to be descended Buh. Yih, or Pih-yih, Shun's and the assistant, in his labours on the deluge, of the great Yu, forester, his descendants, whom he received the clan name of Yiiig. Among from we are told, there was a Chung-keueh, who resided among the wild of the western borders of the king tribes of the west for the protection dom of Shang. The sixth in descent from him, called Ta-loh, had a son, Fei-tsze,who had charge of the herds of horses belonging to king H\303\253aou was invested and in consequence of his good services (B.C. 908\342\200\224894), His great-grandson, State. with the small territory of Ts'in asan attached called Ts'in Chung, or Cliung of Ts'in, was made a great officer of the court by king Seuen, in B.c. 826 ; and his grandson again, known in in consequence of his loyal services in 7C9, when as duke S\303\253ang, history the capital of Chow was moved to the east, was raised to the dignity of an of the kingdom, princes earl, and took his place amoug the great feudal which included the ancient a large portion of territory, capital receiving of the House of Chow. is the as well Ts'in in course of time, of superseded known, dynasty moved its capital moreand more to the east,after Chow, having gradually the example of Chow itself in earlier times. The people of Ts'in were,no the ruling chiefs doubt, composed of the wild tribes of the west, though China on the east.) have come originally from the more civilized may
the

I.
The Ken I'm OPULENCE AND AND FREEDOM

and allusive. CELEBRATING narrative STYLE OF BOMB LORD OF TS'IN, AND OF HIB COURT.

THE GKOWIXG THE PLEASURES

The
mentioned

Preface

in the

early time, when

says the lord of Ts'in here intended was Ts'in-chung, preceding note. The piece must have been made at an its obscurity and weakness. the State was emerging from
chariots

1 His
When

Drawn by white-fronted
audience

many

rush now
we

along,

His eunuchs' aid

we wish to gain, must obtain.))

steeds and strong.

i)

158

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

[PART I.

XI.

IV.]
my

THE
mind's

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

159)

on hill-sides trees 2 The varnish grow, And chestnuts on the landsbelow. to the prince we've found, When access We sit and hear the lutes' sweet sound.

1 Before

If we seizenot
Old age
will

this

have

joy to-day, us for its prey.

3 The mulberrieson the hill-sidesgrow, where the grounds are low. willows And
When

to

the

We sit
If

we

Old agewill

and hear the organsplayed. pass by this joy to-day,

bear

prince

our

way

we've

made,

Lovely and bland, likejadeof richest kind ; Yet there he lives,in his log hut apart :\342\200\224
The

my lord's short car, of savage war :\342\200\224 Its pole, whose end turns upward, curving round, And in five places shines, with leather bound ; The slip rings and the side straps ; the maskedplace, to the front unite the trace ; Where rings gilt The mat of tiger's skin ; the naves so long ; with left legs white, and piebalds, strong. The steeds, Such my lord's oar ! He rises in my mind,

In which

eye

he

dares

stands the risks

us all

away.

veiy

thought
with

confuses all
six

my

heart.

2 The
One

driver
inside

the their

reins
shining

II.
CELEBRATING THE GROWING narrative. The Sue t'\303\253eh; OF THE LORDS OF Ts'IN, AS SEEN IN THEIR HUNTING.
1 OPULENCE

The horses,with
Black-mouthed

Our

ruler

And
That

to the hunt ; proceeds black as iron are his steeds heed the charioteer's command,
follow

and bay, and black, the outer twain. rise up side by side, Shields, dragon-figured, Shelterin front 'gainst missiles to provide.

dappled,

one bay

guides along coats, and strong

with

:\342\200\224

black

mane

Gilt buckleswith
The inner

the

Who holds the

His
The

six reinsin his hand.

to the

I see my
With What Ah

reins by

which

carriage the

front connect insides are checkt.

lord,

favourites

Rejoicing in his
season's The

chase,
arise,\342\200\224

his time me

mild

specialgrace.
alarmed,

thus in his carriage borne, form the frontier towns adorn. can be for his return assigned ?

! his

Driven

males, of wondrous size. forth they spring, beaters, by within the hunters' Soon caught ring. \" Drive on their left,\" the ruler cries; his arrow flies. to its mark And
season's the
done,

males,

figure

ever

fills

my the

mind

3 With

3 The hunting
And

northward

in

the

\303\254)

and his own skill The horses' points, at his will. That rules and guidesthem bells display, whose teams small cars, Light The dogs convey. long and short-mouthed

park

the driver

shows

he goes

shaft-ends The trident spears, with gilded gleam. The feather-figured shield, of beauty rare, all his foes to dare. He holds before him, of tiger's The bow-case, made skin, and bright lies ready for the fight. With metal plates, It holds two bows which bamboo frames secure, And to send tho arrows sure. unhurt, keep To him thus busy all my thoughts are borne, Both when I rest at night and rise at morn. and serene, He, my good lord, is tranquil His virtuous fame more prized, the more he's seen.)
IV.

measured steps

move

mail-covered

team.

HI.
The

Seacujmiff;

narrative.

AN EXPEDITION AGAIXST ING DESCRIPTION OF HIS CHARIOT, HER BUT WITHOUT MURMURING,

THE LADY THE TRIBES OP

THE

OFFICER ABSENT ON \316\237\316\231\316\206\316\235 WEST GIVES A GLOW

AND PRAISES HIMSELF, EXPBESSING, REGRET AT HIS ABSENCE.)

The Eeen 7iea ; narrative. OTHER, WHOM IT SEEMED

HIM.))

SOME ONE TELLS HOW HE SOUGHT EASY TO FIND, AND YET COULD NOT

AN FIND

IGO)
This critics.

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAET I.)

XI. \316\222\316\272 VL])

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

161)

like a riddle, piece reads very much No satisfactory historical explanation

and so it has proved to the Choo of it has been given.

does not attempt a

solution.

1 Reed and rush are dark

As

and

green

It came to belong to Ts'in, when king P'ing granted to old possessions of Chow. The doubleKe on the lower robe was one of the symbols of rank, em broidered on the robes of the king and feudal lords. It was in the form of or two ISe CJ\303\234J, (^)i an<l has been called \"the symbol of distinction,\" or

gan,
duke

in

Shen-se.

Seang the

hoar-frost
man water

the

white

dew

is seen.

discrimination.

Him, the

By this

Searching, np the stream I haste, and toilsome quest. On a long Downwards then I turn, and see !

I have I should

in mind, find.

What

trees
of

The white
In
fur

grow on the
fir

and

the plum.

Chung-nan hill ?
robe,
hue.

In the mid-stream standeth he.

He is

there

but

far

removed

;
proved.

Thither our prince is come. His face glows with vermilion O may he prove a ruler true !

fox,

'neath

broidered

Vain has

all my

searching

What

find

we

on the
open

; 2 Reed and rush luxuriant Still undried the white dew lies. Him, the man I have in mind,
rise

Our prince
On

Deepnook and
lower

Chung-nan hill ?
glade.

shows there the

robe

doubleKe

On the
Upwards
Though

stream's edgeI should

first
the

find.

His pendant

Downwardsthen, and what to see In the mid-stream standeth he,

On

way

my course is rough

I keep, and steep.

?
1

Long life
Die

be

his,

holds each tinkling gem. and deathless fame !

Mercer, Esq.
Latin\303\251.

displayed.

By

W. T.

the

islet, has

far removed thick

;\342\200\224

Vain

all my searching
rush

proved.
and tall ;

3 Reed and

Ceases not the dew to fall. the man I have in mind, Him, On the stream's bank I should find. first I go along, Upwards But the hard path leads me wrong.

grow

mihi qu33 crescunt altis in montibus illis ? Candida ad est abies, multaque adest. prunus Illuc advenit Rex noster ! veste decoras et vulpis vellere tectus adit ; Pr\305\223text\303\242, Tingitur et r\303\272beo, minii velut, ora colore. Justiti\305\223 custos ille regat ! sedulus
Qu\305\223nunc C\305\223c\305\223 sunt

Illuc accessit noster

Imperil
A

aspicimus latebras,

longis sunt
Rex

in montibus illis et aperta loca.

!

Downwards then

my

And in mid-stream On the island, far removed ;\342\200\224 has all my searching proved.) Vain
V.

I turn, steps him discern,

sigiium veste
pendentes

ferente venit
murmure

; inferiore

zona

r\303\251sonant

Illi sit

gemmas.

!) senium, perpetuumque d\303\251\303\247us

VI.

allusive. CELEBRATING The CJiung-nan; AND ADMONISHING, OF SOME BULEB OF TS'IN,

Chung-nanwas

OPULENCE THE GROWING WHILE PEAKING, I1IJI.

The JTwany THEBS OF Ts'IN

DUKE

n\303\253aou; allusive. WHO

WEBE

WOBTHY BBOLAMENT FOB THBEE BUB1ED ALIVE IN THE SAME GBAVE WITH

MUH.

of Chow, in the old demesne the most famous mountain the present department of Se-) of Haou,\342\200\224in old of the south capital lying

There is no difference or difficulty about the historical interpretation of this piece ; and it brings us down died to the year B.c. 620. Then
VOL.

III.

11))

(1)

162)

THE BOOK
an

OF

POETEY.)

[PART

I.)

BE XI. vi.]
3

THE

BOOK

or

POETET.

163))

duke Muh, after playing part in the north-westof China for important of duke Wan of Loo, the sixth year under 39 years. The \316\244\316\265\316\277-chuen, here celebrated to be of Muh's requiring the three officers makes mention of the piece in consequence. buried with him, and of the composition \" began with Records \" say that the barbarous practice The Historical were and that in all 170 individuals duke Ching, Muh's predecessor, man of the Ts'in The death of the last distinguished buried with Muh. celebrated by the entombment the Emperor I., was subsequently dynasty, with him of all the inmates of his harem.

They
And

flit about,
rest

upon awful

Who
Alive

buried
to

the yellowbirds, the thorn trees find. were in duke Muh's grave,
death

consigned ?

'Mong brothers three, who met that JTwas sad the third, K'\303\253en-foo, to A hundred men in desperate fight When to the yawning Terror unnerved and
Successfully

fate,
see.

They
And

flit about,
rest

the yellow birds,

the jujubes

withstand

could he.

Who buried were in duke

Alive

upon

find.

shookhis frame.
Heaven

grave

he came,

Muh's

grave,

to

awful

death

consigned

Why

thus

To thee we cry, O azure

save
K'\303\253en-foo

destroy

our noblest
from

men,
!

that fate, 'Mong brothers three, who met 'Twas sad the first, Yen-seih, to see. He stood alone ; a hundred men show no other such as he. Could the yawning to When grave he came,

To

A hundred

lives have
By

death,
freely

we would
given.

Another version. 1 The

W. T. Mercer.

Terror unnerved

and

shook

his frame.

men, Why thus destroy our noblest ! Heaven To thee we cry, O azure To save Yen-seih from death, we would lives have freely given. A hundred

are rife, birds, jujube bloom ; Not so who doomed to death in life, Must lie within the ducal tomb. Yen was a man above all men, He was more than a hundred brave

birds, the yellow

flit

And

about

the

But scared was his

he

look,

And

2 They flit
;)

about,

the

rest find. trees And on the mulberry Who buried were in duke Muh's grave, to awful death consigned ? Alive

yellow

birds,
Why To

When

thus thee

he trembled and shook, came to the great man's our noblest men ? destroy
we cry,
the

grave.

Forto redeem
A hundred
2

O azure
life

Heaven !

of Yen

fate, 'Mongbrothers three,who met that to 'Twas sad the next, Chung-hang, see.
When A When

on match to

him

Terror unnerved

for all of the yawning

and

pressed

them was he. grave he came,

shook

a hundred

men,

his frame.

lives we would have given. The birds, the yellow are rife, birds, And all the mulberry blossom stir; Not so, who, doomed to death in life, Must lie in duke Muh's sepulchre. Chung was a man above all men,
Ay\342\200\224more

than

Why thus destroy our noblestmen, To thee we ciy, O azure Heaven !

a hundred
his

But scaredwas
he

brave ;

And
would Why As

he trembled

To save
A

Chung-hang

from

death,

we

hundred

lives have

freely given.)

send

To thee we cry, thou

stood by the great our highest to the

azure

and shook, man's grave. grave ?

Heaven !

look,

11*)

164)
The life
A

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART

I.)

BK

XI.

IX.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

165)

hundred

of gallant Chung to save lives we would have given.

birds,

Till.

The Woo e :
READINESS, CAUSE.

narrative.

THE

PEOPLE OF
ANOTHER,

3 The birds, the yellow

are

rife,

AND STIMULATE OKE

TS'IN DECLARE TO FIGHT IN THE

THEIR KING'S

branches And through the thorny fly. Not so who doomed to death in life,

Evidently

Must fill

the

ducal

K'een was a man And more than

cemetery.
above

called out
when

in

all men, brave a hundred

shook,

they

this piece was made at a time when the peoplewere being the service of Chow, and the loyalty which they had felt, were subjects of Chow, still asserted itself.
?

But he
And
When Why

trembledand
stood

scared
he

To thee we cry, 0

thus

destroy

was his look, by the prince's grave. our good and great ?
azure

1 Say you you have no clothesto wear share. My long robes let me with you The king his armies has calledout ; let us hail the battle shout. Then

Heaven us

My lance and spear I will

as your

If

K'een were living with A hundred lives we would VII.

And

comrade

prepare, you

with

fare.

yet,
have

given.)

2 Say you you have no clothesto wear ? Come and my under-garments share. The king his armies has called out ; Then let us hail the battle shout.
BECAUSE o\303\255 OF HEB.

The Skin
THE
ABSENCE

TELLS HER GEIEF fung ; allusive. A WIFE AND HIS FORGETFULNESS OP HEK HUSBAND,

My spear and lance I will And to the field with you

prepare,

will

fare.
to wear

1 The

the north, seeks falcon swiftly sent it forth. And forest gloom that see, Since I no more my husband free. never is from heart grief My O how is it, I long to know, That he, my lord, forgets me so ?
Bushy And

3 Say you you

have no

clothes

shall share. My lower clothing you The king his armies has calledout ; Then let us hail the battle shout. I'll get, and weapons keen, Buff coat And with you on the march be seen.)

oaks six

on the

elms

where

But I, my
That

husband

mountain grow, the ground is low. seen no more, forgets me

IS.
The

Wei

yang ;

narrative.

THE

FEELINGS

WITH

My sad and joylessfate deplore. 0 how is it, I long to know.

he,

K'ANG OF TS'IN ESCORTED PARTING GIFTS.

HIS

UNCLE,

DUKE WAN.

WHICH DUKE TO TSIN, AND HIS

my

lord,

so ?

3 The hills the bushy wild plums show, And pear trees grace the ground below.
As

But, with
drunk

my with

husband grief,
lord,

from me gone, I dwell alone. me so

?)

0 how is it, That he, my

I long

to know,

forgets

Tsin had a daughter who was married to duke Muh of mother of his son, afterwards duke K'ang. The eldest sou and heir of Been was driven to suicide by the machinations of an unworthy favourite of his father, and his two other sons fled to other States. One of them, Ch'ung-urh, afterwards the famous duke Wan of took refuge finally in Ts'in, and by the help of Muh was restored Tsin, to his native State, and became master of it after he had been a fugitive for 19 years. K'ang was then the heir-apparent of Ts'in, and escorted his nncle into Tsin, when he undertook the expedition to recover it.))
H\303\253en of

Duke

Ts'in, and

becamethe

166) These

THE

BOOK

POETRY.) \316\237\316\223

[PART

I.)

XII.

I.]

THE

BOOK

POETRY.) \316\237\316\223

167)

time,

when

verses are supposed to have been written interest. he recalled the event with

to him

at a

subsequent

1 I

escorted
Till

the
Then

a gift For his carriage

steeds,

Wei we crossed I gave as I left

my uncle

to Tsiri,

on the way.

BOOK
THE

XII.)
OF
CHCIN.

Four

and

each steed
to Tsin,

was a bay.
in my
them

DDKS

2 I escorted my I gave, and

uncle

And I thought

of him much Pendant stones, and with Of fine jasper a gem,

then

heart.

saw

him depart.)

X.
E'even yu ; narrative. COMPLAIN OF THE DIMINISHED THEM.
The SOME

PARTIES, RESPECT AND

PBOBABLY
ATTENTION

REFUGEES,

PAID

TO

feudal States of Chow,and its name CH'IN was one of the smaller It was a marqnisate, Ho-nan. remains in the department of Ch'iu-chow, of his and its lords traced their lineage up to the earliest commencement from the famousemperor Shun, toric times, and boastedof being descended rise of the Chow dynasty, one so that they had the surname of Kwei. At the to king Woo, was potter-iu-chief called Ngoh-foo, of Shun's descendants, to be was so pleased with him that he gave his own eldest daughter who whom he invested with the principality of Ch'in. to his son Mwan, wife near the monnd as duke Hoo, and established his capital He is known of department called Yuen-k'\303\253w, in the present district of Hwae-ning, and been fond of witches is said to have Ch'in-chow. His marchioness and dancing, and so to have affected badly the wizards, and of singing manners and customsof the people of the State.)

1 He

lodged us in
And

a spacious house,
was

But now at every frugal not a scrap to There's

Alas !

plenteous

our fare.
ineal

The
ING

alas

that

Could not go on 2 Four disheson the For every meal

The

this good man as he began !

mat
supplied. every

spare.

THE DISSIPATION Yiten-k'\303\253tv ; narrative. OF CH'IN. OP THE OFFICERS

AND PLEASURE-SEEK

the grain
meal

note. If not in the Yuen-k'\303\253w has been explained in the preceding resort of pleasure-seekers. city, it was near it, and a favourite surname of It has been mentioned, in the title of Book viit, that the the lords of That of the ruling House of the State of Ts'e was K\303\253ang. the kings of the Shang dynasty, was Tsze. from descended as being Sung,

change We rise

Alas !

alas that

is great, from unsatisfied.

this

1 How gay and

When
Kindly All

volatile

you

are,
you

Could not go on

as he began !)

good

man

upon Yuen-k'ew's top but want you are indeed, that would men's respect

stand

command.

2 How at the foot of Yuen-k'ew's height Your blowsupon the drum resound ! there In winter and in summer, With egret's plume in hand you're found.
3

To

Yuen-kfew
You

beat

both, In winter and in summer Your fan of egret's plumes you

as you move along, earthenware. your sounding

bear.))

1G8)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT I.)

BE

XII.

VI.]

THE BOOK
you

OF

POETET.
seek

169)

II.)
man cite fun ; YOUNG PEOPLE OF CH'IN.)
The

1 To
WANTON
ASSOCIATIONS

Tung

narrative.

OF THE)

Where lies the pool, th' eastgate / seek that lady, good and fair, can to me in song respond. Who

steep your hemp,

the

moat,
beyond.

1 The
And

There Tsze-chung's daughter

Dancing about

white elms by the east gategrow, of oaks crown Yuen-k'ew's clumps

oft

head ;

we

beneath their shade.

see,

a bright they have fixed, morning lies. To seek the plain that southward Then from her task of twisting hemp, hies. she See ! dancing through the mart The morning fair, young men and girls
On

2 To steep your grass-cloth plants, you seek The pool that near the east gate lies. I seek that lady, good and fair, Who can with me hold converse wise. 3 Out by the east gate,to the moat, To steep your rope-rush, you repair.

Her pleasant

converse

to

I seek that

enjoy,
fair.)

lady, good and

v.

Say to

go. Together his mate, \" 0

You

hear
sunflower

a youth
bright,
truth !

Pledge

me with

pepper-stalk your
HI.

The Tung
TION.) 1

man

che yang

allusive.

THE

FAILURE

OF AN

ASSIGNA -)

Where
And

The Bang
1 My I

in\303\273n ; narrative.

THE

CONTENTMENT

AND HAPPINESS

OP

She
And

said

A POOE RECLUSE.

the willows near the eastern gate, their leafy shade we could recline, at evening she would me await, I see the day star shine! now brightly
grow
'neath gloom,

Nor hunger can my peace destroy. '' For I fish, Purged from ambition's aims, say, Ho ; in the We need not bream caught the sweets of love, require to possess Nor,

wood, only door some piecesof crossed it I can rest enjoy. Within the spring from drink the water wimpling

2 Here
;

where the willows near the eastern gate Grow, and their denseleavesmakea shady She said at evening she would me await. See now the morning star the sky illume !)

VI.

The
ON

Moo

allusive. m\303\273n;

ON SOME

EVIL

PERSON

To Ts'e, to find
man
Of

WHO WAS GOING

a Keang,

to go.

OBSTINATELY This

TO HIS EUI\303\216f. of these

\"

The

Nor
A

with his lot, a meal contented Ho without fish carp can make ; domestic joy, his in rest to needs,
Tsze

of

Sung

as wife to take.\
IV.

verses finally adopted by Choo He. The Choo at one interpretation of them which were TO of They directed, according to that, against Ch'in. This TO was a brother of duke Hwan (B.c. 743\342\200\224706), upon whose death he killed his eldest sou and got possession of the State,\342\200\224to come to an untimely end himself the year after. The piece may have been made against TO ; but in itself it indicates nothing more than I have stated.

is the

Preface gives an time accepted.

argument

historical

The
AND

Tung i,m,i cJie ch'e ;

INTELLIGENT
LADY.)

allusive.

THE

TEAISE OF

SOME

VIRTUOUS

1 Where
Thick

through

the

jujube

trees,

gate in to the tombs we the axe requiring, grow.))

go,

170)

THE
Like
And All

BOOK

POETRY.) \316\237\316\223

[PART

I.)

XII.

IX.]

THE BOOK

OF

POETRY. in the
eye

171

So

man, who ill befits his place. State is reckoned a disgrace! the through him bad, but to his coursehe'll hold, know has the man been sold. long to evil
them

that

1 The moon comesforth, brignt A lovelier sight to draw my Is she, that lady fair.

sky ;

2 Where
Owls

the gate in to the tombs we turn, upon the plum-trees we discern. perched Such omen well may to that man belong, I now sing this song. to admonish Whom
through

She round my heart has fixed love's chain, But all my longings are in vain. 'Tis hard the grief to bear.
The

moon winning

comes far
my

More

No welcome will the admonition When overthrown, my words

VII.
The

he'll

find ; call to mind.)

Object of

forth, a splendid that lady bright,

desire !

sight ;

In
THE

Deep-seated
vain

While

is my anxious grief; seek to find relief, glows the secret fire.

mild

Fang

ALIENATION

cTi'amt ; ts'\303\253oTi y\303\253m BY MEANS OF HEK LOYER

allusive.

A LADY LAMENTS OF EVIL TONGUES.

3 The rising moon shines More bright is she, whose

With eager wish I pine 0 for relief from constant Which through my
IX

and fair;
rare ;
!)

My heart

beauty

with

The
On While

magpies'
heights withered
Who

the

wiled

nests are on the bank ; lovely pea grows rank ; blank. my heart is and ? Love away my

longing
in

fills.
vain

pain,

bosom thrills

2 The temple path its fine tiles shows ; ; On heights the ribbon-plant bright grows throes. sorrow's While my breast heaves with Who led his heart astray ?
By

The Clwo lin;

narrative.

THE INTRIGUE OF DUKE

LING

LADY OF CKOO-LIN.

WITH

THE

W. T.

Mercer.

Latine.
pisa decora, facit ; arte

florescunt 1 Montibus incultas In ripa nidum g\303\241rrula Delicias nostras quis nunc

pica circumdedit

Ghoo observes that this is the only one of the odes of Ch'in of which the historical interpretation is certain. The intrigue Of duke Ling with H\303\253a Ke (B.C. 612\342\200\224598) makes the filthiest narrative, of all detailed perhaps, in the Tso-chuen. She was one of the vilest of women ; and the duke was killed by H\303\253an Nan, her son. who was himself put to a horrible and undeserved death, the year after, by one of the viscounts of Ts'oo.

Labe

not\303\242t nostras

lachryma
callera

multa
bene

genas ! condit.
virent.
?
I)

What

to

2 En !

Hea Nan\"
Hea

medium

En ! monte in sumino gramina Sed quis delicias nostras circumdedit Ah ! nostras maculant flumina
vin.

templ\303\255

tegula
pulchra
arte salsa

Not for Choo-lin doeshe go; Nan 'tis who draws him so.
Oft

Choo-lin takes is the leading

his car star.

genas

his the

At

MENT

A The Yueh ch'iih ; allusive. FOE THE OF HIS DESIKE

GENTLEMAN POSSESSION

TELLS ALL THE EXCITE LADY.) OF A BEAUTIFUL

for me my goodly team ; I to-night in Choo will dream. With those colts my way I'll make, meal at Choo to take.\ Morning
Yoke

\"

to go there purpose court he will declare

:\342\200\224

172)

THE

BOOK OP

POETRY.)

[PART

I.)

XIII.

I.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

173)

The

TsiJi p'o;

allusive.

LONGING

A CERTAIN \316\241\316\237\316\232

A GENTLEMAN'S LADY.

ADMIBATION

OF

AND

1 There

where its
lotus

shores the marsh surround,

plants

BOOK

XIII.)

Their loveliness brings to my mind one that I would find. The lovelier In vain I try to ease the smart love that wrings my heart. wounded Of and nightly dreams, In waking thought
2

Rushes and

abound.
KWEI

THE ODES OP KWEI.

was originally a small State, in the present Ch'ing Chow, depart think, in the district of Meih of K'ae-fung, Ho-nan, or, as others and claimed to be descended Its lords were Yuns, the same department. from Chuh-yung, a minister of the prae-historic emperor Chuen-h\303\253uh. Before the period of the Ch'un-ts'\303\253w, which begins about B.C.720, it had the one, probably, whom been extinguished by one of the earls of Ch'ing, and had we have met with in Book vii. as duke1 Woo (B.c. 770\342\200\224743), Some of the critics think that the odes become a portion of that State. of Ewei are really odes of Ch'ing, just as those of P'ei and Yung belonged toWei.)

ment

streams. From every pore the water All round the marsh's shores areseen
Valerian

flowers

and

rushes

But lovelier is that Beauty rare, and large, and tall, and fair. Handsome I wish and long to call her mine, Doomedwith the longing still to pine.

green.

I.

Nor day nor night e'er bringsrelief;

My

The Kami
THE
ROBES,

inmost the

heart marsh,

is full of

grief.

FRIVOLOUS

OFFICER OF KWEI LAMENTS SOME OVER Tt'em ; narrative. FOND OF DISPLAYING HIS CHARACTER OF HIS BULER. TO THE DUTIES OF GOVERNMENT. INSTEAD OP ATTENDING/

Around

in rich

Grow rush and lotus flowers, all gay. But not with her do they compare, So tall and large, majestic,fair. Both day and night, I nothing speed ;

display,

In

lamb's-fur habits
weary
thus not

Holdcourtin fox-fur
Such
My
When Must

robe you lounge

clad.

about.

Still clingsto me the achingneed. on face, 1 lie, on back, On side, But vain each change of posture try.)

wake my anxious thought ;\342\200\224 heart is sad. you slight each rule of dress, your rule be bad ? robe, thought,

2 Aimlessyou roam in lamb's-fur In fox-fur grace the hall.

Such

habits
fill thus

And

my

When

wake my anxious with gall. heart slight

laws

You'llheedno

you

the laws at all.

of dress,

3 Your glossy lamb's-fur in the sun ointment's sheen. Gleams as with that wakes my anxious thought, \342\200\242\"Tis this

My heart's
thus

That

Is

you
sign

keen. corepierces the laws of dress, slight

I ween.)

sorry

.11,,))

174)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRr.)

[PART

I.)

BK XIII.

iv.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

175

3 Where

There the trees of

The Soo Ttwan
FILIAL Both
FEELING,

the grounds

are wet and low,

goat-peach

; AS SEEN IN THE NEGLECT

narrative.

SOME

ONE

DEPLORES THE DECAY OF HABIT. OF THE MOURNING

of the sentiment of the and Choo quote, in illustration for of Confucius on the three years' mourning conversations \" \" white cap spoken of was the Analects, XVII. xxi. The parents ;\342\200\224see The at the end of two years. for a parent one assumed by mourners then also of plain white were skirt, or lower robe, and the knee-covers Maou

delicious fruits bear, they Glossy, soft, of beauty rare ! it were to me, O tree, Joy
What

grow.

piece,various

Household caresto want

IV.

like

thee.)

silk.

The Feifling
that

1 O

I saw

Assumed

And earnest

the mourning robe when two years from

of

FOR THE DECAY white,

; narrative and allusive. SOME OF THE POWER OF CHOW.

ONE TELLS HIS SORROW

mourner's form,
heart

to

are death the worn leanness grief

o'er, !

It is certainly stanza to introduce

Chow.

a homely subject which the writer the expression of his sympathy

employs in the third with the friends of

Not seeing this, my

with

is sore.
go,

2 0

that

saw
with

the lower
him,

robe to
with

match

1
wearer

Not for the stormy

Nor

wind,

This

cap sadness

of white gone,

And live
Its

my heart

its smart,\342\200\224 such mourner true to know.

eased of

! I'd

the

But when I
I'm

rushing
view

chariots'
the

roar,
to
Chow,\342\200\224

road

pained
for

to my heart's
whirlwind's

core.
sweep,

3 0 that

Suiting the cap and skirt ! I should To him whose lasting grief so sought
The

I saw

the white

knee-covers worn,
feel relief.

2
bound

Not But
Deep

the

Nor car's
when

sympathy

would heal III.

my

heart's

deep

wound.

I view the road sadness dulls my fish

unsteady roll,
can

to

Chow,\342\200\224

soul.
;

3
SiJi yew cJiteng-t^oo ; narrative. OF THE GOVERNMENT, OPPRESSION CONSCIOUS TREK.
The THE

For one who

With

SOME ONE, HE WERE WISHES

GROANING

USDEB
AN
UN

His boilers I would So him whose heart

these

cook,
clear

beats westward true,

words

good

I cheer.))

1 Where

There the trees of

With

the grounds

are wet and low,

goat-peach

Glossyin their tender youth. it were to me, O tree. Joy

Consciousness

their branches small

and smooth,

grow,

to

want

like thee.

2 Where the
There
Soft

the trees
fragrant
from

groundsare wet and low, of goat-peachgrow.

the

and

Joy it were

Glossy

vernal

are their flowers, showers.

Ties of

to me, O tree,
to want

home

like thee.)

176)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET I.)
who

XIV. III.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

177)

BOOK

XIV.
OF

THE

ODES

TSfAOU.

The Preface refers this piece to the time of duke Rung (B.C. 651\342\200\224617), was chargeable, no doubt, with the error that is here condemned, for we are told in the Tso-chuen how, when duke Wan of Tsiri entered Ts'aou in B.C. 631, he condemnedits ruler for having about him \" three It has been argued, however, hundred\" worthless and uselessofficers. of three hundred, he was that, when duke Wan specified the number But we may contend, speaking from this ode, previously in existence. on the other hand, that it had only become current in the previousyears of Kung.

to the present department of TS'AOU was a small State,-corresponding the for its chief city T'aou-k'\303\253w,\342\200\224in Ts'aou-chow, Shan-tung ; having present district of Ting-t'aou. Its lords were earls, the first of them, It continued for been a younger brother of king Woo. Chin-toll, having 1)46 years, when it was extinguished by the larger Sung.

1 Each
With

warden of the
lancers
these

and with

gates appears, place;

halberdiers,
men, who shine

As well befits his

But

three the

hundred

Grand in their red knee-covers fine,

Only

I.
AGAINST SOME PATCHES is THE STATE, ; metaphorical. Fow-y\303\253w OCCUPIED WITH FRIVOLOUS PURSUITS, AND OBLIVIOUS OP IMPORTANT MATTERS. The

court

disgrace.
the

2 Like
Which

pelicans,upon
the

dam

stand, and
while
their

there their pouchescram,

their wings,
rich

Unvvet

1 Like
Of

splendid robes appear the

the

wings
men,

I grieve !
To

And such the pomp of Which soon in dust

Would

ephemeral

fly ;
those great shall lie ! but come

Are those who But no befitting

Intent

dress

display,

service

on meanest

pay,

things.
eager

they

to me !

3 Like pelicanswhich
Upon
And

watch

teach

them

I should try.

the dam, their

spare

to wet

2 The wingsof the ephemeral fly Are robes of coloursgay ; And such the glory of those men,

Are those who richest favours share, But take no part in toil or care, Nor the State's welfare seek.
4i

the beak,

prey to catch,

Sooncrumbling
!
ephemeral

to they

I grieve
3

Would

! decay but rest

!

They'd learn a better way

fly

with me,
its hole,

Like
While

grass

luxuriant creatures
of

morning

mists worth,

These

The

bursts

from

With gauzy wings like snow; So quick the rise, so quick the fall, Of those men we know ! great
grieve !

Lovely but poor, deniedwealth's

No

But meu

on its side, the south hill hide, seem to grow ; like virtuous maid,
aid,

recognition

know.)

Forth

they but lodge would wiser go.) they

\\Vould

with

me,
The She-kern; PROBABLY, OF

in.
THE allusive. Ts'AOU, UN1FOKMLY
PRAISE

II.
; allusive and metaphorical. Horv-jin VOUR OFFICERS AT SHOWN TO WORTHLESS AND THE DISCOUNTENANCE OF GOOD MEN.)
The LAMENT

OF SOME ONE, SOME EARL, OF VIRTUOUS CONDUCT AND OF

EXTENSIVE THE
OVER THE FA OF Ts'AOU. COURT

INFLUENCE.

There is a difficulty, in this piece, in the statement that the young ones of the bird amount to \" seven,\" as the turtle of dove, like all other birds
VOL.

in.

12))

178)
the

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART I.)

XIV.

IV.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

179)

istic
on

Chinesecharacter with the character yih, tg'ih, because it rhymes \" in my larger work translated correct,\" and are not to by uniformly of the turtle's understand the text as if it gave definitely the number the \" seven \" to give all the critics, moreover, I Almost supposing young \" \" in the the old Maou of the young ones,follow correctly the numbpr its young, about the dove's method in feeding most absurd statements
or the

same species, has only two young at a time. the only one I have of the Chinese critics, that that this point is Maou K'e-ling. He observes

It is highly
met

character

with who
\"

touches
seven,\"

ferred on a

we have the

son of king Wan, one of whose descendants was the \" chief \" called in the text,\342\200\224so as presiding with vice-regal authority over a dis trict, embracing many States. We do not know when he lived.

Down
And

from
overflow

from

which

they

deduce the
mulberry

meaning

of

the piece.

1 See in

the

tree

the

turtle

dove

wolf-tail grass ;\342\200\224 state unblest. In the dark night, restless, I wake and sigh, And to my thoughts Chow's capital comes nigh, When its kings the land had rest. through
the

the spring
of our

the chilling waters pass,

bushy

Fit

emblem

love. with untiring Her seven young tending Like lier is lie, our lord, whose virtuous aim His movements, all to rule exact, proclaim. all to rule exact, attest Hismovements,

2 The bushy
By the
Fit
And When

southernwood

is flooded
from

cold waters
night,

that

emblem
to

His heart to
But

virtue

bound

within

his breast.

In the dark 3 The bushy

Fit

of our

state unblest.

spring

o'er, which pour

;\342\200\224

restless,

2 The mulberry
So

tree

still

plum her young have taken flight. bound, princely man to virtue ever with his silken sashis found. Who In silken girdle loves he to appear, And made from skin of spotted deer. bonnet
to the is that
Behold While

gives

the dove

to sight,

my thoughts its through

plants,

I wake and sigh, Chow's capital comes nigh, kings the land had rest. stalks
cold
that

whose

Beneath the waters of

emblem
to
When

of our
night,

In the dark
And

state unblest.

spring

serve to divine pine ;\342\200\224

restless, its

my thoughts
through

Whose coursefor
His

In

soul

dove upon the mulberry tree, on the jujube her seven young we so steadiest is that princely man,
the fault

I wake and sigh, Chow's capital comes nigh, kings the land had rest.

see.
scan.

Of And

old The

there
brightly

fell the
shone

or flaw
fault

we

vainly

land

knew

movements

without

or

flaw

Good order

for his rule throughout

beget
the

Otate.

The Statesthe king'sauthority obeyed, And to each lord, for loyal service paid,
The

fertilizing rains, on our plains ;\342\200\224 no oppression hard.

the millet

still 4 See on the mulberry tree the dove sit, flit. And on the hazel all her young ones is set. So on his aim that princely man Who rectifies the people of our State. His laws to all affairs such order give ;\342\200\224 Ten

chief

of Seun

dispensed

reward.)

thousand

years

in vigour
rv.

may

he

live

!)

MISTHE MISERY AND metaphorical-allusive. OF CHOW AND OF Ts'AOU MAKES THE WRITER THINK VIGOUR AND PROSPERITY. OF ITS FORMER

The

Jlca-ts'cven ;

GOVERNMENT

district

Seun, mentioned of Lin-tsin,

in

the

last stanza, was a

small

department

P'oo-chow, Shan-se.

Siate, in the present It was first con-)

12*))

180)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART I.)

BK XV.

\316\271.!)

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

181)

BOOK

XV.)

THE ODES OF PIN.

ENOUGH has been said about Pin in the note On the title of Book i. There the chiefs of what was subsequently called the House of Chow dwelt for nearly five centuries, from B.C. 179(i to 1325. The first piece in this Bookis accepted as a description by the famous duke of Chow of the ways of the first settlers in Pin, and hence the name of Pin is given to all the odes in it, though no other of them refers to anything that took place in that region. They were all made by the duke of Chow about matters in his own day, or they were made about him.) by others

a record of the past ? I was inclined to do so. lines of the first stanza determined me otherwise. The there must be an old farmer or yeoman of Pin, and the whole speaker from him. must be conceived of as coming At the sametime, it will be noted that there are two styles in the indi \" the seventh month,\" \" the eighth of the months. We have cation \" \" the first month's the second month's have and we month,\" &c., days,\" The critics say that the dates in the former style are to be &c. days,\" and those in the latter, to that of Chow. referred to the H\303\253a calendar, in the latter case At any rate, I have correct. They are probably \" to the text, or put in the pronoun our.\" adhered literally This long note may be excused, because of the interest attaching to an age. the picture of life and manners in so distant in the past tense, The 9th and 10th

as being

1 The
And

seventh
in

month

sees

the

the

Our first

LIFE IN PIN IN THE OLDEN TIME ; THE ; narrative. ARRANGEMENTS THERE TO SECURE THE CONSTANT SUPPLY OF FOOD AND RAIMENT,\342\200\224WHATEVER WAS NECESSAEY FOR THE SUP PORT AND COMFORT OP THE PEOPLE. The
PROVIDENT

Ts'ih yueii

Our second's days, winds hushed, But for those clothes,and garments all At the year's end, how badly

month's days, the

ninth,

the stores

Ho go down
warm

the sky,
supply.

clothes blows

wind

Our third month'sdays,

all

their

And

the

fourth

the fields

\\>)

in the great statesman. to the ordinary view of the ode, because of the second mainly line in the stanzas already referred clothes were given ont in the to,\342\200\224that ninth month, 'n anticipation of the approaching winter. This must be in the ninth month of He'a, and not of Chow. Were evidently the author telling of what was done in his own time, we cannot conceive of his thus expressinghimself. Why then should we not translate the piece)
ledge

This universally accepted account of the ode is not without its diffi culties. Pin is not once mentioned in it. The note of time with which the three first stanzas commenceis not a little In the perplexing :\342\200\224'\302\267 seventh month, the Ho or Fire-star, i.e., the Heart in Scorpio, passes on ; \" that is, passes to the westward of the meridian at night-fall. li has been urged that this could not have beeu the case if the year of Chow began with our December ; but the critics meet this difficulty by saying that in this piece, and indeed throughout the She, the specification of the months is according to the calendar of the He'a dynasty, and not that of Chow. This may be granted ; but it only leads to another difficulty. Scorpio did to the westward in August, or the seventh month pass of the H\303\253a dynasty, in the time of the duke of Chow,\342\200\224say about B.c. 1114; but it did not do so in the time of duke Lew, or B.c. 1796. We are thus brought to one of two conclusions :\342\200\224that the piece does not describe life in Pin about 700 years before the duke of Chow'stime ; or that he supposedthe place of the sun in the heavens, in the time of duke Lew, to have been the same as it was in his own days. I think we must adopt the latter nor need we be surprised at the lack of astronomical conclusion, know

I with my wife and children take my way, And to the southern acres food convey For

their home they

and shrill; air is chill. of hair, made would fare ! in hand they take, ploughs
cold the
make.

those

who toil.
the

Surveys

fields,
month

and cheers
sees

then, Appears th' Inspector the working men.

2 The seventh
And

the Ho
warm

in

the

The warmth begins when come the days of spring, then their notes wehear the orioles sing. with their baskets high, the women, young trees their labours ply ! About the mulberry
And

ninth,

the stores

go down the
clothes

sky,

supply.

See

The softest leaves,alongthe paths, seek, they hatched and weak. To feed their silk-worms, newly the For such, as longer grow days of spring, to bring. In crowds they haste white southernwood wounded with who are some them grieve 'Mongst
heart
To

I adhere

parents soon they part ! westward The seventh month sees the Ho down go ; The eighth, the reeds and sedges thickly grow. break The months the silk-worms' they eggsarehatched, The mulberry branches, thus their leaves to take ;))
wed

;\342\200\224

young

lords, from

182)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT I.)

BE

XV.

II.]

THE BOOK

OP

POETKT.

183

And where those branchesstretch out far and high, boldly ply, Hatchets and axes on them While younger trees only their leaves supply. In the seventh month, the shrike's notes shrilly sound, And on the eighth, twisting the hemp they're found. woven Their fabrics, dark or yellow dyed, o'er a circle wide. Are valued highly the Our brilliant triumph of our art, red, robes is set apart. lower lords' For
young

eighth, the bottle gourds they take. use, hempseed they largely Nor sonchus leaves do they for these refuse. Th' ailantkus foul, for other use not good, and then for fuel burn the wood :\342\200\224 fell, They 'Tis thus the labourer is supplied with food. In the ninth the yards, now stript and bare, month, for the produce of the fields prepare. They
And in the
The

ninth,

in soups

The tenth
Of The

month

sees

4 In the fourth month, The shrill cicadas in

When
And

the snake-root we hear. the fifth

bursts the ear ;

the fox they take :\342\200\224 for last the furs These young lords to supply. there comes the hunting high, second Our month, ruler's our car, When great and small attend war. of And practise all the exercise find ; boars the they The hunters younger get the to are old assigned. prince Those three years its thighs ; beats 5 The locust in the fifth mouth the its plies. the spinner in And sixth, wings ; we find the crickets in the field The next, ; our eaves, the eighth, they lie concealed Under The ninth, they como and near our door-ways keep ; our beds they slily creep. The tenth, beneath

In

comes the in the tenth

first

our

month
also

The wild-cat

eighth, the ripened grain they crop, the leaves begin to drop. for badgers quest they make ;
and

Up on the roofs we'llhaste with these in hand :\342\200\224 will the fields our time again demand.\" 8oon 8 Our second month, they, with harmonious blows,
and The following month, They ope the doors;\342\200\224forth
A With

all say, This labour done, the husbandmen \" Our harvest here is well secured. Away To town, and see what for our houses there We need to do, to put them in repair ! The reeds we'll gather while the light, we have them And firmly twist into ropes at night.

millets early the hemp,

and the

the carrying

all

late, the

complete,\342\200\224

wheat,

pulse,\342\200\224whatever

grain

we

eat.

Hew out
lamb

the

ice,\342\200\224housed

ere

our

in the
now

being
seallions ninth

offered,
flanked, month,

In

the

The rats we
And

we fill up tight ;\342\200\224 out ; chinks smoke each opening on the north for light, doors ; then each one says, wicker And plaster \" wife this year's toiling days and children, another soon and year will come ; Are
close

Enter and dwell in this our

6 For

o'er,

cosy plums

home.\" and

The seventh,

food, the

sixth month,
the

beans
strike

and sunflower
the

vines they spoil ; seeds they boil ;

their cornyards swept and clean they boast. Good spirits, in two vessels kept, they take, To help their joy, and this proposalmake:\342\200\224 \" kill both lambs and sheep,\" We'll they joyous say, \" And to the ruler's take our way. quickly We'll mount his hall ; the massive cup we'll raise, and as we praise, Madeof rhinoceros' horn, him long life, the life of endlessdays.\ Wish
The tenth

after rites of old, to him who rules the cold begins, with

third month close. early dawn, may ice be drawn;

the cold.
frost

The eighth, they

The tenth, they reap the paddy fully grown, the spring, And with the grain make spirits 'gainst comfort bring. to the bushy eyebrows Which In the seventh month, their food the melons make;)

jujube

dates all down ;

The SON Cli'e-h\303\253aon ;

II.
metaphorical.
YOUNG

OF A BIRD,

WHOSE

OWL, VINDICATES THE

BELL1ON.))

THE DUKE or CHOW, IN THE PER BY AN ONES HAVE BEEN DESTROYED WITH KEHE HAD TAKEN COURSE DECISIVE

184)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAKT I.)

XV.

III.]

THE
says

BOOK

OF

POETEY.) the

185) duke
of

an account of the composition of this piece in the Book of Two of the duke of Chow's brothers, who had been V. vi. 15. History, of Shang, in associated with Woo-k\303\244ng, the son of the dethroned king the charge of the territory which had been left to him by king Woo, the joined him in rebellion, having first spread a rumour impeaching He took the fidelity of the duke to his nephew, the young king Ch'ing. field against them, put to death Woo-k\303\244ng and one of his own brothers, It is also with\" the other according to the measure of his guilt. dealing of the that some suspicions of him still remained in the mind supposed king, and he therefore made this ode to show how he had loved his he had punished them, and that his course was notwithstanding brothers, in consequence of his solicitude for the consolidation of the dynasty of his family.

We have

\\vith Choo and the

by

The piecenowhere

that

it was made by
think

I critics generally, to his men. compliment him,\342\200\224in

it

likely

that

Chow ; but, it was made

1 To the

1 Owl, 0 Owl, hear And do not, owl, You nave taken I over Though

my

request,

With the nursing of love and of care. Pity me, pity me ! Hearmy prayer. 2 Ere the clouds the sky had obscured, roots I secured. The mulberry

them hung,

destroy my nest. my young,

had we there to remain. word of recall was sent, the When rain. the drizzling came fast and Thick we should take, When told our return Our hearts in the westwere and sore ; But there did they clothesfor us make :\342\200\224 our hard service was o'er. knew They in oar sight the On grounds mulberry were ; The large caterpillars creeping Lonely and still we passedthe night,
And long
All

hills of

the

east

we went,

under

our

carriages

sleeping.

2 To the hills of the east we went, And long had we there to remain. word of recall was sent, the When

Doorand

window

around,

Thickand
The heavenly
With

fast

came

I bound, Them so firmly That I said, casting downward eyes, my \" Dare ? \" despise any of you my house with my claws and I tore, 3 I tugged and my clawa were sore. mouth And my

gourds

rise

their chambers

fruit

In our

the

So the rushes I
all other

with deer, Our paddocks seemcrowded With the glow-worm's light all about.

Their webs on

under the eave. hanging sowbug we spy ; doors our spiders weave.
filled us

the drizzling rain. to the eye,

sought,

Suchthoughts,
We

while

things brought ; I was bent, house the For to perfect no toil with this intent. And I grudged
And

tried,

but in vain, to

they

with

fear,

keep out.

4 My
And

wings are
my

tail

is much
by

torn, deplorably
the

Oh

And

While the rain beats unkind, is in peril of harm, my house this note I scream out in alarm.)
III.

Tossedabout

injured and worn.

wind,

3 To the hills of the east we went, And long had we thereto remain. the word of recall was sent. When

fast came the drizzling rain. and Thick On ant-hills screamedcraneswith delight ; sore. In their rooms were our wives sighing Our homes they had swept and madetight :\342\200\224 at once we arrived at the door. All

The bitter
THE DUKE OF CHOW TELLS The Tung shan ; narrative. IN THEIE EXPEDITION TO THE EAST OP HIS SOLDIERS AND THEIE JOY AT THE LAST.) THEIE RETURN,
TOILS

OP THE AND O\303\2171

trees From branches of chestnut high. we had been, Three years of toil away the Since such a sight greeted eye.))

gourds

hanging

are seen,

186)

THE

BOOK

OF POETET.)

[PAKT I.)

XV.

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

187)

4 To the hills of the east we went, And long had we there to remain. When the word of recall was sent,

Thick and

fast

came

tho

With its wings now here, and now there, Is the oriole sportingin flight. Those brides to their husbands repair,

drizzling

rain.

stanza in \" the Doc Confucius quotes the first two lines of the second for the principle that the rule trine of the Mean,\" xiii. 2, to illustrate man's way of life is in himself. Both the old interpreters and the new while they differ in of Chow, say that the piece is in praise of the duke 1 am myself unable to the ways which they take to make out the point. follow either school.

Theirsteedsred and

Each mother has fitted each Their equipments are full But fresh unions, whatever
Can ne'er
with

bay,

flecked sash ;
and their

with

white.
;

1 In hewing an
Another

axe-shaft,

how

must

axe

In

taking

a wife,

complete dash,

That

with
an

be sure 'tis a fact, no go-between you never

axe-shaft,
have you on

take,

or you'll

you act ? never succeed.

can speed.

reunions

compete.)

2 In hewing
And

IV.

In choosinga wife,
forthwith

For a copy you

the

The \316\241\316\214 narrative. fan;

DIBES
PKA1SE SYMPATHY

the

hewing a shaft, axe in your hand. the craft, follow mats the feast-vessels

stand.)

KESPONSIVE

THE DUKE OF CHOW WITH THE PEOPLE.

TO THE LAST ODE. His SOLFOE HIS MAGNANIMITY AND VI.

But

and brought splintered Our hatchets all to the same plight. the duke of Chow meant, when eastward he went, What was wrong in those four States to right.
We

our axes,

allusive aud narrative. yih; OF THE DUKE THEIR ADMIJ\303\215ATION TO THE WEST. HIS RETURNING The
Kern EXPKESS

THE PEOPLE OF THE EAST OF CHOW, AND SOEKOW AT

Oh

the

Which he

pity
felt

was great
for

their

state

2 Our axes aiid chisels we broke To pieces, and splinteredaud rent. But the duke of Chow meant, when eastward The four States all reformed to present. Oh ! the pity was good That on them he bestowed !

with \"nine enclosures,\" or \"nine net I have never seen bags,\" as across a rendered the original terms in my larger work, nor the net in question description of it in any Chinesebook. Very probably, was woven or constructed\342\200\224say of bamboo, with nine compartments ; or nine \" nets for small fish \" may have been placed in the water near one

have

come

another.

he went,

with

was worn by the king, \"dragon robe,\" or \"robe with dragons,\" \" \" nine on it. The \" court dukes,\" of figures blazonry of the a also entitled to wear it, with whom the duke of Chow was one, were The royal robe showed two dragons in the blazonry. slight difference \" \" the ducal, a single dragon on it, one ascending and one descending ;
The the
descending.

3 Our axes we broke, and our clubs To fragments were splinteredand split. But the duke of Chow meant, when eastward The four States in close union to knit. Oh ! the pity was rare That he showed for them there !
V.

The

he went,

nine

enclosures
bream

of the net
keep

Our prince in dragon robe we see, And skirt with figures bright.

The-rudand

tight.

The Fail Jto ; metaphorical. NECESSARY WAY FOE EVERYTHING,

WHILE

THEKE

is
NOT

MEN NKED

A PEOPEB AND GO FAB TO FIND

2 The geese brief time fly round the isles ; Home bendsthe duke his way. 'Twas only for two passing nights

WHAT IT

IS.)

He deigned with

us

to

stay.))

I)

188)

TUE

BOOK

OP

POETET.) the

[PAKT L)

3 Back
'Twas

to the land now

only

The duke

comesnot again.
two passing

fly

geese

for

He couldwith us remain. Short time the singledragon robe

Our duke 0 take not to the Nor bid our hearts be sad
VIL
Among

nights

us

we

have

had.

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

west,
!)

PART
DUKE OF

II.)
KINGDOM.

The Lang
MORE

poh;

allusive.

DISTINGUISHED

THE PRAISE OF THE THROUGH HIS TRIALS. to be large

CHOW,

MINOE

ODES

OF THE

The wolf

lap and tail be making

tail

in this piece is supposed have grown to a very

frantic

size.

an old one, He is
for

in which
further

the dew
to

BOOK

I.

Decade

of Luh

Ming.

efforts

are in 1

his

to escape

supposed

in vain, ;\342\200\224all

his own

dewlap and

way.

Dewlap
Th*

o'ergrown
impatient

wolf

But see the duke, humble while tried Along his red shoes quiet slip.

and heavy tail impede or trip.

!

Tail

But seethe

Th' impatient wolf trip or impede.

duke,

heavy

and

dew-lap

o'ergrown,

humble
by

His fame unflawed

while tried, deed !) hasty

ex TITLE OF THE PART. This in Chinese is S\303\253aou Ya, which I have \" \" \" is Odes of the Kingdom pressed by Minor odes of the Kingdom.\" to a de of Ya ; but the phrase not, indeed, a translation approximates of what the piecesin this and the next Part are more nearly than scription as meaning\342\200\224Correct ; and Ya is explained of. any other I could think Lacharme translates the title by \"Panmm Rectum\" adding\342\200\224\"guiain itac a recto parte mitres descri\303\254nmtur, recti illi guident, qui tarnen ncnn\303\254Ml are But the pieces in this Part, as descriptive of manners, de\303\237ectunt.\" not less correct,or less incorrect, as the case may be, than those in the the pieces in Part III. were them is\342\200\224that The difference between next. The to greater occasions,and those of Part II. to lesser. appropriate in the court ; former, as Choo He says, were sung at festal entertainments and at their appearances the latter, at gatherings of the feudal princes, and at the royal court. The names \"small\" and \"great,\" \"major\" of the pieces taken \"minor,\" may have had reference also to the length as a whole, and to the style of the music to which they were sung, which is now lost ; but we shall find that in the subject matter of the pieces there is a sufficient ground for such a distinction. As the Fling, or the in the first Part, were producedin the different feudal States, compositions the Ya were produced in the royal territory. The first twenty-two pieces of this Part are attributed, indeed, to the duke of Chow himself, and are \" as the odes of Chow and the from those that follow, distinguished South \" and of \" Shaou and the South \" are distinguished from those in the other Books of Part I. were \" the correct Fang \" and As there the \" fung degenerate,\" so there are the \" correct Ya \" and the \" degener is of this distinction ate Ya; \" but as I have observed in the prolegomena, no importance. It was proper to sing the Ya only on great and solemn occasionsat the royal court ; in course of time they were used at the of these, as in the services of the Ke feudal and even by ministers courts, (Ana. III. ii.) ; but this was a family in Loo, in the time of Confucius the House of Chow of the decay into which usurpation, a consequence
fell.))

190)
TITLE

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART

II.)

BK

\316\231. \317\200.])

THE

BOOK OP POETET.)

191)

The pieces of decade of Luh Ming.\" under the names of the States to which they be in tens, and longed. In Parts II. and III., however, they are collected under the name of the first piece in each Collection. The only classified will exception in respectto the number, is the third Book of Part III.\342\200\224It on the names of the different not be necessary after this to say anything Books.) OF THE BOOK.\342\200\224\" The
all

Tart

I. are

And The

with cups
own each

arranged

my spirits to cheer
with
sphere

Let

rich crown all the festive throng.

gladdened

retire

In his

to play

heart, his part.)

II.
I.

The Lull Ming TO THE KING'S MINISTERS,

But

; allusive. A
AND

FESTAL

AT ENTERTAINMENTS ODE, STATES. GUESTS FBOM THE FEUDAL

SANG

&e TO AN OFFICER THE UNION BRATING

The ARY

mon\302\267 ; narrative ON

and
HIS

allusive. RETURN

IN HIM OF LOYAL

A FESTAL ODE, COMTLIMENTCELE FROM AN EXPEDITION, DUTY AND FILIAL FEELING.

and not of ministers or officers. In the piece we read of guests merely, the ministers and high officers would becomethe king's guests, when not by Choo, to the feastedas the piece describes. It is referred, though time of king Wan.

the deer 1 With sounds of happiness Browse on the celery of the meads. A nobler feast is furnished here, With guests renowned for noble deeds.

its being composed for a ode itself to suggest the officer who narrates his story in and to compliment it. Both Maou and Choo, however, agree ill the above account of it. his It was not written, they say, by the officer himself, but was put into of his entertainer with him, and mouth, as it were, to express the sympathy There appear strikingly in it the appreciation uf his devotion to duty. in affections and loyal duty, which we met with the union of family several of the pieces in Part I. ; and the merit of king Wan, to whose he makes for those it is assigned, shines out in the allowance which times

There is

nothing

in the

festal

occasion,

affections.

The lutes are struck blows. ; the organ, heave. Till all its tonguesin movement basket loaded stands, and shows Each The preciousgifts the guests receive. They love me, and my mind will teach, How duty's highest aim to reach. With sounds of happinesstue deer
The What

1 On

dashed
to

my

four

southernwood noble

crop

in the

meads.
deeds

slack that his business be donewith hand; sadness And my heart was with oppressed. 2 On dashed my four steeds ; I ne'er slackened the reins. with black manes. and panted,\342\200\224all white, snorted

Though
wished

toilsome

and winding from

the

steeds,

without

halt,

without

Chow was the way.

command

stay,

return,\342\200\224but

monarch's

Forbade

guests
my

surround
their

me here, ! to
fly

From

Distinguished for
them

worthy

Whatever

A model
They
Then Till

and a

people is mean ;

learn

command I wished to return, but our sovereign's with slack be done business his that Forbade or to rest. And I dared not to pause

They

hand;

to chiefs they

give

show the life they ought to live. their cups with spirits rare, the banquet's each joy shall share.
fill sounds

pattern high ;\342\200\224

With

The salsolacrop in the fields.

What

of happiness

the deer

noble

Sound, sound the

The

Eachlute for
joy

guests
them

surround
its

me-hcre !
yields.
;)

lutes, or greator small,

to prolong

music

3 Unresting the Filial doves speed tu their flight, from the height, down then sweeping swift Ascending, The oaks. the on Now grouped king'shigh command hand ;\342\200\224 slack that his business be donewith Forbade I left, sore distressed. And my father doves the Filial 4 Unresting speed in their flight, and anon the Now alight they air, fanning On the medlars thick grouped. But our monarch's
command

harmonious

Forbade Of

his business be I thought mother my

that

done with
with

slack

hand

;\342\200\224

sad

breast.))

192)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAKT and

II.

I.

IV.]

THE

BOOK OP

POETET.)

193)

5 My four steeds Which straight

all white I harnessed, on their way, fleet and

now venture
announce

black-maned,

emulous,
how

strained.
The CJiangte;
RELATION THERS.
AND allusive

IV.)

I wished to return ; and The wish to express,and For

my

mother

my

care to

attest.)

in song I long

and

AFFECTION

narrative. THAT OUGHT

SETTING

FORTH THE CLOSE TO OBTAIN BETWEEN BRO

III.
and The cJiay lima allusive Hivang-Jiivang OF AN ENVOY ; COMPLIMENTARY TO THE DESPATCJI \316\223\316\232\316\237\316\241\316\232\316\231\316\221\316\244\316\225 AS TO THE DISCHARGE HIM, AND SUGGESTING INSTKUCTIONS

narrative.

As

ODE

APTO

of this piece to the duke of Chow \316\271 The Preface assigns the composition on his he had been obliged to execute by the justice which has been mentioned on I. irotliers, the lords of Kwan and Ts'ae ;\342\200\224as given at the court xv. II. The ode thus came into use at entertainments as the king. of the same surname to princes

saddened

OF HIS

DUTY.

This

piece also is

referred to
blooms

the

time

of

king

Wan.

of ours world this But none within Like brothers can be found.
2

flowers With mass of gorgeous The cherry trees are crowned,

1 As

Is
\"

the flowerthat
the

bright

With

legate, his suite,

whom

charged and all-alert

on the mountain or lea, with high mission we see.

watchful

When When

awful death

That

his hand may

and
the

achieve what
are my

aye

he

hies,

'Tis brothers To brother

3
When Quick

comes near,

his

heart

shall

devise.

headlong

flight fills plain

brother

sympathize.

and height,

flies.

Fresh

young
six

steeds,\" so he sang as he look with

ointment

\"And
So

sped,
spread.
!

See how the

answers hardships

wagtail's head
to its great

reins
good

in hand
horses,
there,

o'er-

befall

hurrah

As now here, and now

my

dash on at your best, I am pushing my quest.

Friends are of no avail. In times of urgent need,

We

tail ! our State,

brothers'
though

hues finely blend, whose coursers, 3 \"Many-spotted my as soft silk, freely bend. reinsin hand, six And the and thews, tendons horses, strain ! my So hurrah good for news. I am searching now and there, now As here,

help
only

receive.

Then friends,
4
Join

good,

of heave.
fight

different

blood,

Long sighs will

Brothers
But

indoors

may

\"

With my

black car,
!

manes

and white coats

reins

are the steeds of

shines

insults from without them at once, and they foe to rout. The common

unite

And

the gleam
hurrah

of the six glossy

good

afar.

So
As

my

now

here,

and

now there, for wise counselI

vain

horses,

ply muscle

and leg,

In cases
In

such as this,

beg.
drive

vain
be

\"

Dark, 'Gainst

with white my
!

interspersed, in hands, the reins grasping,

my

I are the coursers

would

They may The dangerthey

5

to friends but true,

we turn. they'll eschew

discern.

they

Deaths

strive.

So hurrah
As

now

here,

and now there, much inquiring I

good

horses,

speed onwards

and fly,

pry.\
VOL.

'Mid peaceand rest now cold, Some men, alas ! their brothers pass,
Nor

and disorder

o'er,

them

as friends
13))

will hold.

1IL

194

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

[PAET H.

BK

I.

v.])

THE BOOK All Spirits

And

OF

POETET.)
man,

195)

6 But

With

dishes
may

in array,
oft

love the
and

friendly

The cup
only

go round
found.

where

brothers

The feast is truly

'Tis
And

; are there,

hearken
harmony

to his

prayer.
share.

What

when
each

is in

That child-like joy,

Crowns
7

they all appear, his place,

without
with

Bestow, his lot shall

2 Hoo-hoo
To

peace

they can

alloy,
grace.

harmony

and wife we love ; Children Union with them is sweet As lute's soft strain that soothes How joyous do we meet !

the woodmen all unite as trees they fell. shout, do their work with all their might Tlwy I have done I'll tell. What made and I've strained my spirits clear,

;-

The fatted

lambs

I've

killed. bear,

our

pain.

But brothers,more
Can satisfy
accord

With friends who my own surname My hall I've largely filled.

than

the heart.
does

they,

Somemay
better
An

be

'Tis their
8

And leave afford,

But

a brokenline;
than
of

absent,

casually,

peace

this

And lasting

joy impart.
your

absence by
swept

oversight

mine.
clean,

For orderingof

My court
Viands

homes,

I've sprinkledand in order set.

loaded
of

and wife, child For joy with I tell ;\342\200\224 Consider well the truth This is the charm of life !)

Eight dishes

stand
fatted

with
meat.

There's store

grain;

My mother's

I've

kith and kin

called

I wis

widely

That some
v.
Than

I give hill-side
working

be hinderedbetter is cause for blame.

with

by name.

A FESTAL ODE, SITNG AT THE ENTERTAIN allusive. The Fah muh\302\241 TO CELEBRATE THE DUTY AND VALUE MENT OF FRIENDS ; INTENDED BANK. OF FRIENDSHIP, EVEN TO THOSE OF THE HIGHEST 1 The
As And They

On

the
All

woodmen's
on when to

the

From the tree. And seeks the lofty Ying goes its voice, and thus it

trees they fall ; the birds their sweet notes each other call. dark valley comes a bird,

blows responsive ring,

I labour too, with equal And the host's part

Spirits

the trees they good will.

zeal,
fulfil.

fell,

I've

set in order

sing,

The dishesstand in rows. The guests are here ; no vacant

A brother

meet,
seat

absent shows.
feeling

\"Companion,

cries,

come

to me.\"

From slightest things shall grow, all the fare is dry and spare, Where
fierce Resentments

The loss of

kindly

oft

The bird, although

Uponits

a creature small,
depends rank

mates

; o'er
?)

And

shall we men, who our Not seek to have

My store If short
My

all,

of spirits is well strained. prove the supply,

may

glow.

friends

And what is

messengers

needed buy.
13*))

I straightway

send,

I)

196)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAET

II.)

BE I.

vii.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETRY.)

197)

I beat Oh !

Leadjoyously

the drums, and in the

the

dance
chance,

train.

the falls good it is, when The sparkling cup to drain.)

Pour

The Spirits of thy on blessings

Unnumbered,

dead
thy

head,

sweet.

Thy subjects,
Enjoy

simple, good,
and food.
blood
every

their
of

drink

VI.

Our tribes
Follow

thy feet.
in light ; height ;

The Teen
FIVE

paou;

narrative.

PEECEDING.

HIS

OFFICERS

CELEBRATE HIS PBAISES, HEAVEN AND OF HIS ANCESTORS.

1

TO ANT or THE AN ODE RESPONSIVE AND GUESTS, FEASTED BY THE KING, OF AND DESIRE FOR HIM THE BLESSING

that wax 6 Like moons Or suns that scale the Or ageless hill;
Nor

Heaven

shields
thee

It

round

and sets thee fair has cast

is

fast.

As pine and
The

change,

nor

autumn

know ;
;

sons
Be

that from

cypressgrow
still !

thee flow

Thus richestjoy
Increase

Thy virtue pure.

thine
;\342\200\224

lasting

of corn Abundant,

and wine,
divine,
VIL

And every gift

2 Heaven

sure.

shields and sets theefast.

goodness

Fromit thou
Its

and narrative. The Ts'ae me ; allusive THE FRONTIERS OF TROOPS TO GUAR\303\215) TRIBES OF THE HEEN-YUN. WILD This

AN ODE ON THE DESPATCH AGAINST THE ON THE NORTH

hast

That last for

ISlor time
Through

Bight are thy ways. choicest gifts 'twill pour,

evermore, endless

exhaust the

store
days.

3 Heaven
Makes

shields and
thine
and

sets thee fast,

last,
high,

endeavour

Like hills

And prosper

well.
surging

mountains

Whose masses

Like stream
4

touch the sky;

by ;

Thine increase swell!

rite

aye

With

and auspice fair,

dost

Thino offerings thou

And

bear,

from The seasonsround spring, To olden duke and king,

Whose

son-like give,
to thee ever live.\

words \"

we bring

:\342\200\224

For

to the same reference and the next two pieces form a triad, having to its commencement, those to its being appropriate ; this in the time of conclusion. Haou says the expeditionwas undertaken Wan, when he was still only duke of Chow, in charge of all the king his duty to the king of Shang. Choo regions of the west, and discharging \" the son of denies that the piecesare of so early an origin, and says that I agree in the 8th ode must Heaven\" be one of the kings of Chow. him in this, but the date of the composition cannot be determined \342\200\242with more particularly. the departing troops, this piece is writ Though intended to encourage on setting ten as if it were their own giving their feelings composition, So far, the out, and in the progress of the expedition, down to its close. Btructure may be compared with that of the secondode of this Book. whom the expedition to say who the H\303\253en-yun, against It is difficult Choo simply says that they were \" wild tribes was directed,really were. Of the north.\" Ch'ing K'ang-shing (about the end of our secondcen says that they were the sametribe that in his days went by the name tury) of H\303\253ung-noo. I suppose that both the names are imperfect phonetic expressionsOf the same sound, which we also have adopted in Huns. Wang Taou, who assisted me in the preparation of my larger Work, holds the H\303\253en-yunof Yin and Chow, the H\303\253ung-noo of Ts'in and Han, that Szeand the Tnh-keueh of Suy and T'ung, all refer to the same tribes. in his Record of the Houseof Chow, and of the H\303\253ung-noo, says ma Ts'\303\253en, 933\342\200\224 that in the time of king E (B.C. 909), those northern tribes became and refers to this ode as a composition of that time.)) troublesome, very
expedition

198)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART II.)

BE

I. vin.] Daily each

And

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

199

1 Come pluck the ferns,

the

ferns

their now make. The curling fronds appearance shall we return ? And now we march. O when Till late next year we must in exile mourn. from his wife, So long the husband, parted Shall \342\200\242'gainst the Heen-yun wage the deadly strife.

sharp-pointed

take ;

hope

to end

other's couragewe provoke, our serviceby a stroke.

our grief!
can

6 Ah

'Mid servicehard
we the
pluck

all

rest

will be

denied

to assuage ! vain our efforts None know our sadness ; nought our homes Last year, when from

give

relief.

Northwards

go, to quell

the Heen-yun'spride.

;\342\200\224

'Twas sweet
When

on

willows

fresh

we

return,

'twill

and green to look. be the winter stern,

the field

we took,

Come

Their
Onwards

fronds

ferns, uncurled,

\\ve march.

ourhearts in sadness Disconsolate, Yes, sad our hearts ! In sorrow

To thirst

the ferns sharp-pointed pull :; they tender look and cool. O when shall we return ?
mourn. forth

to discern. snow-clouds And hard our path through Alas ! how great the toilsome journey'slength, to exhaust our strength !) and hunger With thirst

and hunger and each pinchingwoe. the frontiers to defend, thus While serving To those at home no message can we send.

we go,

VIII.) ON THE As ODE OF CONGRATULATION, The Ck'ith Tten ; narrative. AGAINST THE HEENFROM THE EXPEDITION OF THE TEOOPS

KETUBN

TDN. Chung, a cadet here,\342\200\224Nan The commander of the expeditionappears Nan family ; but we know nothing of him from any other source. be another barbarous tribe, in stanza five would The Jung mentioned the Heen-yun, lying more west than

3 Come pluckthe ferns, their Some time has passed,and

What

sharp
now

is

the

date

Denied our

Next year's tenth month.\342\200\224We But the king's work no grudging

rest,

for our

return assigned?
keep

points disregard ; their leaves are hard.

it well

of the

heart

Homethoughts But home we 4

What

we fan our valour's fires. often cause us weary hours, may

in mind. requires ;

1 Forth
Until

go

not,
sight

till success

is ours.

and The general came,

from the city in our cars we drove, we halted at the pasture ground.
there

with
the

The mass of flowers But here a sight we

Our

gorgeous

was that which fixed our gaze? the cherry tree displavs. as fair and grand ;\342\200\224 see,

A note
\"

of zeal throughout
from

host thus

ardour strove to sound.

Direct

leader's
stands

It
With

car, given by
equipt,

imposing

steeds

all strong,

And

shall

not we

One

month

our arms

the inspiration
with

his sovereign's hand. in our sight, and eager for the fight.
own

\"

; Then with the carriage-officers He strictly charged them quick the king's affairs, forthwith Urgent
The

march

court to hasten

I come,
\"\342\200\224it was

by ordersbound
he spake. around, to make :\342\200\224 dispatch the field we take.\"

victories

three

shall to the

crown.

5 Grand are

With confidencethe generaltakes his seat ; The men behind rejoice the foe to meet. made On move the steeds in step. The quiver is to the view Of seal-skin tough displayed, And bow with ivory ends^\342\200\224the Heen-yun's dread.)

those four Conducted thus, we

steeds, boldly

harnessed dare the

car !

2 While there we stopt, the secondcorpsappeared, 'twixt us and the city took its place. And was on high upreared, standard The guiding

war.

Where

While oxtails, crest-like,did the staff's top grace. wave ; We watched the sheet unfolding grandly on its face. Each flag around showed falcons brave With anxious care lookedon our leader ; Watchful the carriage-officersappearedand grave.))

twining

snakes

the

tortoises

embrace,

200)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.) heard

[PAKT II.)

BE I.

ix.])

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY)

201)

3 Nan Chung, our chief,

had

To go where
'cross

the royal

call
The Te too
INTENDED AGAINST THE HEEN-YUN.

inroad

by

And

the

frontier

Numerous his chariots,

The
standards\342\200\224thiswhere

build a

Heen-yuns
splendidly dragons

barrier wall.

was made,

IX. AN ODE or CONGRATULATION, SPECIALLY ; narrative. FOE THE TROOPS, ON THE RETURN OP THE EXPEDITION
given

And

that

where

snakes

\"Heaven'sson sends forth wild.\" Soonby this awful chief would all their tribes be foiled.
4

Terrific

flew.

\" Northward

round

tortoises were

! arrayed were displayed,

coiled\342\200\224

our host,\" he said, to tame the Heen-yun

The congratulation is ing of the soldiers'wives

lady

for

in a description of the anxiety their return. 1 have supposed

and

long

that

one

speaks

throughout.

1 The

first we took the field, and northward went, The millets were in flower sweet. ;\342\200\224a prospect Now when our weary bent, stops are homeward The snow falls fast, the mire impedesour feet. the hardships we were calledto meet, Many Ere the king's orders we had all fulfilled. No rest we had ; often our friends to The longingcame; but vain regrets we greet stilled ; By tablets stern our hearts with fresh resolve were thrilled.
When

The king's affairs no stinting And days prolonged still mock our fond desire. But time has brought the tenth month of the year ; My woman's heart is torn with wound severe. now ! Surely my warrior lord might appear
2 The
The

russet pear How bright the

tree stands
growth

there of

all alone

fruit

upon it shown hands require,

russet pear tree stands How dense the leafy shade

king's

there

all alone

;
!

all o'er

it

thrown

5 \"Incessantchirp
All

the

insec.ts

in the

round

about
our those

From them
Although

the nimble
thoughts

thoughts

quick our

grass ; hoppers spring. to our husbands pass,

hearts
with

affairs require no slackening hand, their feelings can't command. sad hearts And our and trees in beauty shine ; The plants spring. would From off my heart its gloom I fain fling. home This season well my warrior may bring !

'tis

anguish

And

could we see them, what relief 'twould bring ! Our hearts, rejoiced, at once would feel at rest.\" Thus did our wives, their case deploring, sing ; The while our leader farther on had pressed, smitten with his power the wild Jung of the west. The spring days now are lengthening out their light ; The plants and trees are dressed in living ; green The orioles resting sing, or wing their flight ; Our wives amid the southernwood are seen, Which white they bring, to feed their silkworms
Oh !

wring.

3 I climbed that northern hill, and medlars sought ; The spring nigh o'er, to ripeness they were brought. \"The king's affairs cannot be slackly done : \"\342\200\224 'Tis thus our parents mourn their absent son. his sandal car must broken be ; But now I seem his powerful steeds worn out to see. Relief has gone ! Hecan'tbe far from me ! 4 Alas ! they can't have marched ; they don't arrive ! More hard it grows with my distress to strive. The time is passed, and still he is not here !
sorrows ; great multiply But lo ! by reeds and That he is near, they both at my side my warrior Soon
My

keen.
mean

Our

host, Where

returned, sweeps onwards to chiefs are questioned, shown

the
all,

shell I have divined. assure my mind I shall find !

By TV. T. Mercer. in

is

my

fear.

;\342\200\224

hall,

the captives
recall.)

The same,

Latin\303\251.

Nan

Chung,

Proud

o'er

the barbarous

majestic,

foe his victories

draws the

gaze of
to

Sola pyrus

rubro fructu se tollit est res facienda solerti (Eegis

horto

modo.)))

\342\200\242202)

THE

BOOK

POETRY.) O\303\217

[PAET

II.)

BK II.

in.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

203)

Tempora
In
Ah,

labuntur.
in

Nuuc et
d\303\251cimo

solmensevidetur
Diana

d\303\251cimo;

mense

latet.
!

At nobis luctu
si Sola

muliebria cordamoveutur.
posset
adir\303\251domum

h\303\251rosnoster

pyrus

multis foliis
est

se tollit

in

horto

BOOK

\316\240.)

totam virescant, Quid si per terram virgulta Et patulis arbor luxuriosa comis, ! Ah, utinam vir uoster sauus adesset, Tristis ego
Abjectis

(R\303\251gis solerti

res facieuda

modo.)

THE

DECADE OF PIH

HWA.

calamis,

enseque

deposito
mentis,

I.

Asceusu vici Borealisculmina

Mespilus
(Gnaviter

Text wanting.

at

Deficit

Si doleant matres,tristiti\303\242que gemant.) et curruSj fessi sunt quadrijugesque.

acceptas qua mihi pandit opes. uostri sunt res facieudas, R\303\251gis

The Plh-hwa.

THE

UNSULLIED

PURITY

or

FILIAL

SONS.

II,

Nonne milesnosteruuuc prope

tendit

iter

Text wanting.

ludit Attameu haud veuiunt ; inanes, spes vacat. Sollicite uec meus \305\223gra dolore labuutur ; luctus augentur in illis : Tempora Infelix adsum ! noster amicus abest ! nunc testudo Ah, cannasque loquuntur, et ille uocte redire domum !) forsan H\303\242c possit
\303\241nimos

The Hiva s7too. THE HARMONY OF THE SEASONS, AND THE ABUND PRODUCE SEEN ESPECIALLY IN THE LABOE ANCE OF THE HARVESTS, OF THE MILLET CEOPS.
III. AN ODE USED AT DISTRICT EN The Tu le allusive and narrative. CELEBRATING THE ABUNDANCE OF EVERYTHING, AND TERTAINMENTS, OF THE TIMES. THE PROSPERITY

are commonly spoken This is one of the six odeswhich The Nan 7iae. contends that they were only the of as having been lost. Clioo, however, to be sung. names of tuces, played on the orgau, and never were intended \" But he can hardly be correct in this, for we have notices in the Little Preface \" of the subjects of all the six. The subject of the Nan kae was : ON THE DUTY OF SUP ONE ANOTHER \342\200\224FILIAL SONS ADMONISHING PORTING

THEIR

PARENTS.)

The idea of the prosperity of the times is found by taking both parts I should have said my of the first three stanzas as allusive ;\342\200\224which, kinds That fish of so many different self, makes them metaphorical. inartishould be taken in a contrivance consisting only of a few bamboos how good government produced an abund ficially put together, showed ance of all material resources ; the abundaut supply of good spirits also a proof of the general prosperity. was of which the domain of the king was divided into six districts, The more trusted and able officers were presented every third year to the Idng, on the and feasted, the general superintendents of the districts presiding

occasion.
that men make, 1 By means of simplestfish-trap take Sand-blowers small and yellow-jaws they the result good rule ensures. Such And here our host his spirits forth has set, Good and abundant ; proof we now are met, rule large wealth secures.) ordered When

;\342\200\224

())

201)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT II.)

BE II.
3 The

vu.]

THE

BOOK

or
drooping

POETET.)

205)

2 In simplestfish-traps They take abundant

Such
And

tnat store

useless might of tench and

bream

seem,
;\342\200\224

southern trees with sweet the Round which

branches

issue our

here

Abundant,
When

from our good rule springs. has host his spirits forth set, we now are met, proof good;\342\200\224sure
ordered

They drink with

Hisnoble guests around

him, the

gourds clasp and twine below. host we see ; the and feast in cheerful glee.

grow,

rule
fish-traps

great

riches brings.
go
clearly
that

About

Filial

Flock

follows

3 Into the simplest

Mudfish and How with

largely

The nobleguestslong
show

doves incessant flock, in wheeling

at

their

carp ;\342\200\224captures
rule the good his spirits host ample

And here our

Goodand

most

When ordered rule makeswealth

these

land is crowned. forth has set, are met, we here ;\342\200\224proof

abound.

They freely

drink,

and

then
VI.

cups remain ; they drink again.)

circles high.

fly

Text
The

wanting.

The mats in
And

great abundance viands show; of rarest quality we know.

Sung
AND

Jt'\303\253w.HOW

ALL

THINGS

ATTAINED

THEIE

GREATEST)

HEIGHT

SIZE.)

are here revealed ; excellent 5 The viands Both land and sea their contributions yield. in ample store the feast 6 Viands ; displays And all in season, all beyond our praise.)

VII. ODE, WHERE THE The Nan sJian yen t'ac ; allusive. A FESTAL OF HIS MINISTEBS, THE VIRTUES AS THE HOST, CELEBRATES RULER, ON THEM. AND SUPPLICATES BLESSINGS WHO ARE THE GUESTS,

IV.

1 The southern hills the tcae plant The northern yield the lae. Your here, my noble presence

show,

Fills me with
years

guests.
States
without

rapture
that

Text
The TURE.)

wanting.

'Tis
ACCORDING

on your strength southern

high. all my

depend ;
end !

Yew Miig.

ALL

THINGS

PRODUCED

TO THEIR NA

Myriads of
2 On

be yours,

years
grow.

V.

On northern
A
FESTAL

hills are mulberry

willows

trees,

The

Nan

yen

k\303\253a yiti

; allusive.

THE ENTERTAINMENT UENEHOUS SYMPATHY 1

WORTHY GUESTS, \316\237\316\223 OF THE ENTERTAINER.

ODE APPROPRIATE TO AND CELEBRATING THE

Your presence here, my noble guests, Makes my joy overflow. all my regions shine Your virtue's rays through Myriadsof years be yours in boundless line !

The

fishers

of the south for

and

barbel make
their

many Sharp search, here; The hosthis noble guestshas gathered with him, and joyous share his cheer. drink They

with

baskets

take.

On

southern

hills

the medlars
the

2 Thebarbel of the south are largely caught In wickernets,which then to land are brought. The host has round him called each noble guest ;
They

here, my noble guests, presence The richestjoy calls forth. Parental love ye for my people show, And may your virtuous fame decay ne'er know hills the k'aou display, southern 4 The
Your

And plum-trees in

thrive,

north.

drink

with

him,

delighted

with

the

feast.)

The northern

have

the

new.))

\302\241()

206)

THE Here

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART II.)

BK II. x.])
4

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

207)

The eyebrows of

at our My heart
be

feast, my noble guests, rests glad in you.

long

Tall
On

grows
which

the fragrant southernwood, rich lies the dew.

noble
view,

Still wider

life your

your
trees on

virtuous

foreheads crown ; fame's renown !

As

The rein-endsof these At once engaged my

down

men

5 The honey
The
yu

on southern northern rise.

hills,

From bar and

they hung, while the bells tinkled sweet All good upon them meet !) bit.

Your presence here, my noble guests, Bare happiness supplies. face yours yet shall be : Gray hair and wrinkled future times May your sons as prosperous see !

The Chan loo ; allusive. TO THE CON A FESTAL ODE, APPROPRIATE VIVIAL ENTERTAINMENT AT THE ROYAL OF THE FEUDAL PRINCES COURT.

VIII.
Text

1 The

wanting.

The Tew

e.

How

AS WAS NATURAL

ALL THINGS TO THEM.)

WBEE

PRODUCED

AND FLOURISHED

2
IX.

we feasting sit ; Far into night We drink, and none his place may The dew lies heavy, and its gems
Stud

Nor, till the sun

dew lies

heavy all around,

shines,

leaves

the ground.
quit.

the

luxuriant,

The Lull seaou;

KING'S

allusive.

ENTERTAINING

THE

FEUDAL

A FESTAL ODE, PRINCES

ON OCCASION

WHO HAVE

COME

OF THE TO

The happy night with wassail rings So feasted here the former kings.
3 The jujube All fretted

grassy

stems.

HIS

COURT.

and the
with the

willow

tree

Tall

On which
My

grows

the fragrant
the

southernwood,

dew heart

shines

Now that my noble men

anxious

I see,
and

bright.

Eacn guest'sa prince

In whom

dew we see.
of all

the virtues
and

noble line, combine.

We feast, while
2 Tall

smiles

and

Suchguestsdeserve
On which

feels light. chat our

prosperity

fame.

joy proclaim;

4 The

Pendent
No

t'u\303\254ig

e their
every

fruits display,
graceful

from

grows the fragrant

My guests
haggard

are joyousand
eye, no
ruffled

spray.
serene, mien.))

southernwood,

thick lies the

From error'staint is their pure virtue free ; Long may they live, and ne'er forgotten be ! 3 Tall grows the fragrant southernwood,
With dew all
their
over

The presenceof these noble men Gives grace and glory too.

dew.

wet.

Joyful

Sharethe rich feast

with

and unconstrained
here

these guests
set.

In concord
And

brothers

happy

age

their

virtue's

praises tell

may they

dwell,
!)

208)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET

II.)

BK III.

in.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

209)

II.

The Ts'ing-ts'ing chay ngo ; allusive and CELEBRATING THE ATTENTION PAID BY THE TO THE EDUCATION OF TALENT. BOOK

metaphorical.
EAEXY

AN OF

KINGS

ODE, C/HOW

III.
KUNG.) T\302\243UNG

THE DECADE

OF

This is the account of the piece given in the Preface and by all the school of Maou. ChooHe at one time adopted it, but he afterwards changed his mind ; and in his Work on the She he says that it is a festal ode about the royal entertainment of guests. The K'ang-he editors express them selvesrather in favour of the old view.\342\200\224Thereis nothing, indeed, in the to determine the subject of it ; but the absence piece to help us clearly of any mention of guests and their entertainment may be accepted against Choo's interpretation.

A FESTAL ODE, ON OCCASION or A Puny kuny ; narrative. TO SOME PRINCE FOB, THE MERIT HE HAD GIVEN BY THE KING ON HIM OF A RED BOW. AND THE CONFERRING ACHIEVED.
'THE
FEAST

1 Bright
Luxuriant

grows the aster-southernwood,

on

that

V. xxviii. 4, we have In the Bookof History, ferring by king P'ing on a marquis of Tsin of a which generally accompanied such a token of merit and of the royal fa of Chow ; Eed was the colourof rank and merit with the dynasty vour. of merit, and gave to the prince a red bow was its highest testimonial the sphere of his jurisdiction. within who received it great prerogatives
1

an instance of the con red bow, and other gifts

Our lord, renowned for courtesy, Wakes in our hearts a joy profound.
2

spacious

mound.

The

Its colourthrows

aster,

clothing yonder
o'er

isle,
stream.

all the

were received, and are kept In store,\342\200\224to reward service done for our land. merit we own ; whose Lo ! hereis a prince great To him one I give from my heart with glad hand. are placed ;\342\200\224 all in order The bells and the drums noble this feast the whole morning with I'll guest.
The

When we our noble lord Our hearts reflect his

red bows unbent

beam. gladdening

behold,

The

aster

on that

In beauteous state luxuriant grows. An hundred sets of cowries bright

Our

lofty height

noble

lord

on us

bestows.

2 The

red bowsunbent On frames,\342\200\224to Lo ! liereis a prince

With

await

received, done service well merits who

were

and are

fixed
dilates.
;\342\200\224

4 Our youth were like the willow boat, Sinking and rising on the tide.
Our noble
In

for our States. the prize ;

hand.

lord

now

for

them

cares

;\342\200\224

him

our resting

hearts confide.)

The bells and the drums in goodorderall stand his place shall be on my right this morning And 3 The

joy

my

whole

heart

in

his

presence

III.
Luh. yueli ; narrative. AGAINST THE UEEN-YUN, DUCT OF KEIH-FOO WHO
The AND

In cases,\342\200\224to show how we merit revere. who deserves ; such reward Lo ! hereis a prince For him in my heart's core the love is sincere. bells and our drums the court shall resound, our With him all the morning the pledge-cup goes for While
round.)

red bows unbent

were

received,

and are

placed

CELEBRATING A SUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION ESPECIALLY THE CHAEACTER AND CON COMMANDED IN IT.

With this piece commencewhat are called \" the Ya odes of a changed The twenty-two pieces which we saw, referred precede are to the earlier and more prosperoustimes of the Chow all, This and dynasty. the thirteen which follow are referred, by the critics of tbe old school, to the time of king Seuen,a monarch of great merit, B.c.826\342\200\224781, in whose first year the expeditionhere commemorated took place. Choo Bays :\342\200\224\302\267
character.\"

VOL. III.

14))

210)
\"

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.)

[PAET
fell

II.) Le,

BK III.

iv.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

211

decay. kings Ching and K'ang, that the people drove him the eighth king from K'ang, was so oppressive, in Che residence he took up his (in Hoh Chow, from his capital, when took advantage of the The He'en-yun Shan-se). P'ing-yang, department till on the king's internal disorder, and invaded and ravaged the country, the throne, and to succeeded known as his Seueu, son king Tsing, death, whose successful operationswere against them Yin Keih-foo, despatched of this piece.\" sung by the writer The general Keih-foo appears in Part III., as the author of two of the pieces in Book iii., which may be accepted as an illustration of what is He must have been said in st. 5, that he was as great in peace as in war. the present depart of Yin, a territory in the royal domain,\342\200\224in viscount in the last mentioned Of the Chang Chung ment of Ho-nan, Ho-nan. been distinguished by his is kuown, though he must have stanza nothing
After
the

House

of Chow

into

The eye of our leader was careful and stern, to earn; Discharging his service,bright glory Determined the war to such issueto bring, As would establish the throne of the king. firmly

4 For themselves

And

Bold to occupy Tseaou,and seize upon Hwoh. Haou and Fang they still issuing o'erran, forth, Till, crossing the King, they pressed on to the north. Our flags showed the falcons in blazonry bright,
gaily

badly

judging,

the Heen-yun

go,

their

streamers

all fluttered

in

white.

character.

the name of the capital. Ts\303\253aou, in st. 4 is probably Haou The be said to be identified ; but it is evident and Fang can hardly Hwoh, The to the heart of the royal domain. that the H\303\253en-yunhad penetrated name of T'ae-yuenin st. 5 remains in the department of Shan-se which is still so called. The sixth month is mentioned in st. to show the urgency of the oc and custom to undertake any military it being contrary to rule casion, expedition till the labours of the husbandman were over.

Ten Led

chariots proudly

of war, all the van of

o The workmen
Well

1,

Its four

balanced, steeds

imposing and strong, our conquering throng. had laboured to perfect each car, before and behind, for the war.
were

1 When the sixth month

had and with

Burst suddenly forth, Stood ready to move,

While

the turmoil of war come, car each quick-harnessed its steeds keen and strong,

to each touch of the rein. We smote the Heen-yun ; ay, we and then conquered, We pursued them in flight to the far T'ae-yuen. As in peace, so in war, our Keih-foo is great, a pattern to all in each State. Affording
And yielding

at once

mighty,

unmatched

in

their

strain,

heavier

cars

bore

the Fierce blazing, No recreantthere,all was

the baggage along. had mustered their men ; Heen-yun

urgency were we

And

now

then. mustered

He feasts with his The tediousmarches

The

at the

banquet,
friends,
are

all over

forgotten all care, feeling happiness rare.

now,\342\200\224 from

The king

gave the word ; the To rescue from foemen

matched black,

kingdom

and throne.

and gone,

marches

Well

in

their

strength

were the
tighten

horses,and

And
No With

trained to the Ere the sixth month

more all

reins, as they
was

the bright spirits his welcome convey Minced carp and roast turtle the mats all display. And who are the guests ? There above other every Sits Chang Chung, renowned as a son and a brother.
To

we travelled,

his friends

returning

Haou. ;

or slack.

ojer,
fully

the field
complete,

we preparation our accoutrements

needed to

make.

we could take ;
The Ts'ae
AND Tt'e

IV. ; .allusive and narrative. CELEBRATING FANG SHUH, HIS SUCCESSFUL CONDUCT OP A GKAND EXPEDITION AGAINST TEIBES OP THE SOUTH.

Each day thirty le went The king gave the word With courage all ardent

Long With

and broad

We

smote

feet. our hurrying ; we were musteredand gone, to help Heaven'sson. stout were the steeds, attached to each car, that scented the battle afar. heads the Heen-yun, and great merit obtained,

THE

Nor

flagged

in

Our

efforts

till

triumph

was gained.)

Chinese chrouologers assign this expedition to B.C. 825, the year fol lowing that against the Heen-yun, celebrated in the last piece. Of Fang Shuh no farther account can be given. He may have been chief of the in III. 4 ; and from the concluding stanza territory of Fang, mentioned it is inferred that he had served the Heen-yun, under Keih-foo. against The first three lines of the piece give us a note of time, and are sup posed to indicate the prosperity of Seuen'sgovernment, under which the

14*))

212)
people

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART

II.)

BK: III.)
And While

THE
wise the

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

213)

in If the 3000chariots were bringing the land into cultivation. the first stanza be not a poetical exaggeration, the whole force must, have war-chariot carried three mailed Each amounted to 300,000 men. to it seventy-two footmen,with and had attached twenty-five warriors, men to look after the baggage-waggons, cooking, &c.;\342\200\224altogether a hundred men. The wild tribes of the south went under the general name of Man. the great and barbarous state of Ts'oo firit is the name by which Eing

sound a lighter Victory oncegained, The while he Ordered backthe victors

arrangements drums rolled,

made.

inspiring

The battle raged, all engaged.

they
brave. blind

gave,

The savage

hordes of
Fang

appears in

Chinese

history.

See on IV.

iii.

V.

Had madly
Although

dared to opposeour largerstate.

Shuh

King, made
was ripe

by

fate,
years,

with

growing

1 In those new fields, till tlie And acres which this year the

last year
grain

untilled, first

filled,

force appears. Yet in his plans a vigorous he chiefs hostile the his troops, Leading

bound

White When Three

I)

millet there they reaped with eager hand, to command. Fang Shuh came, the army thousand chariots for his orders wait, Surrounded by a host, well trained, elate. He ledthem on. His car four piebalds drew, view. like one great steed to human That moved A royal gift, it shone in glittering red, made With bamboo chequered screen, and quiver The gilt hooks we could tell Of seal-skin strong.

How numerous were his chariotsin the fray, and all arrayed in grand array, Numerous,

For

question,

with

a captive

crowd

around.

Like rattling Oh ! grand The Heen-yun The awe-struck

thunder in

in assaulting

wisdom he had
tribes

was he as smitten to
of

King

in deed ! the ground ; his prowess owned.)

speed

On each steed'sbreast ; the rein-ends graceful

last year had openedharvests about the villages it grew,
there

V.

fell.

toil 2 Where where And

White

new,

A GREAT HUNTING, FEECELEBRATING The Keii knng ; narrative. AUDIENCE SEUEN, ON OCCASION OP HIS GIVING OVEE BY KINO CAPITAL OP LOH. TO THE FEUDAL PEINCES AT THE EASTERN
SIDED

millet

to When Fang Shuh came, the army shone His cars three thousand ; on his banners on. tortoise, Snake, dragon, as he led them red ; were lacquered Gay was his yoke ; his naves head. horse's each bells from Two tinkling hung He wore the robes the king's gift had bestowed ;

they

reaped

with

eager

hand, command.

Rare gemsupon
Flashed
3 Swift

Beneath,

the red

knee-covers brightly glowed.

girdle-pendant

his

as they moved, and

soundedas they

hung,

swung.

as the And wheels

Descending

of the famous duke of Chow was the One of the great undertakings King from the present city of Loh-yang. miles a few of Lob, building imme Woo had intended to fix there the capital of his kingdom,but his not carry out his idea. Solong as the dynasty was did diate successors the kings made progressesto Loh. and there gave vigorous, however, fallen into audiencesto the lords of the States. This practice,which was to do so through the disuse,was revived by Seuen, the more emboldened and the and strength acquired by the victories over the Heen-yun renown to have with the opportunity took and at lords the Loh, met He Man. in that part of the country. them a great hunting of the kingdom,\342\200\224inthe pre Foo, in st. 2, was one of the eleven meres was a hill in the district ; and Gaou, in st 3, sent district of Chung-mow in the department of K'ae-fung. :-\342\200\224both of Yung-yang

So Fang
The
And

Round

Close marched the men, bells and drums his

then

where it rose ; lighting led his troops Shuh against their foes. thousand war chariots, full three the strong,
then,

soaring falcon cleaves the sky, about in airy circleshigh,

and

a well-trained warrior
forces lie

1 Our chariots werewell built and firm, Well matched our steeds, and fleet and drew, Four, sleek and large, each chariot thus we drove along. And eastward

strong.

ordersclearexpressed,
addressed,)

throng.

Our

the

marshalled

Each with

hunting

cars
its

team

were light and good, of noble steeds.))

214)
Still
To

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAET

II.)

BE

III.

TH.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

215)

further

east we

took the
of

way

Foo-mere's

grassy

plains that leads.

the

3 Loud-voiced, the masters

Arranged
While

chase

the huntsmen, high and low.

streamed,

1 The day Moiv-sMn was lucky found ; we to the Sire of Then prayed. Our cars and teams and ;\342\200\224 the heights where wild game scour We

steeds gear were good

proved ;
and

strayed.

banners

and ox-tails
distant

We sought the
4 Each
A with

flew,

And

Kang-woo

also
our

prey on

Gaou.

We picked
Where

fall

In gold-wrought slippers,knee-caps red, looked as on an audience day. They 5 Each right thumb wore the metal guard ; On the left arm its shield was bound. In unison the arrows flew ; The game lay piled upon the ground.
6 The leadersof the tawny teams Sped on their course, direct and true. The drivers perfect skill displayed ; Like blow well aimed each arrow flew. 7 Neighing and
The

lengthened

the team, in train

stags
sport

princes came, bright array.

Made

chose our ground,\342\200\224 and does by Ts'eih and Ts'eu for him whom Heaven had crowned.
steeds,

lucky

We

viewed
Now

the

plain

shivering

stand,
yield

where teeming now frantic

game
run

Here

Pleasure
bend

two, there
to

three.

We chargedalong,
great Son.
low,
the

to Heaven's

We

our

for And boars are pierced:\342\200\224spoil At court, when wine-cups overflow. VIL

There liesthe

bows ; our shafts

huge

we grasp ;
guests,

behemoth

The Hung-yen; allusive. KING SEUEN, MUNITIES UNDER

THE

PEOPLE,
THE

EEOATHEEED
OfTICEBS

PBAISE

INTO COM BY WHOM THIS

bannered

pleased,the steedsreturned
lines back slowly

HAD BEEN
;

ACCOMPLISHED.

No jostling rude disgraced the crowd The king declined large share of
8

came.
;
game.

1 With

So did this famous hunt proceed So free it was from clamorous Well does our king become his And the deeds his reign high
VI.

sound

!
*2

place,

The hearts no
The

Round fields long strange to hand Called by the officersin charge, We labour on the desert soil. Sadis our state, but sadder still

rustling

wings the

wild

geese

fly,
of

toil.

weddedlove
fly

can

fill.

have crowned !)

wild
rear Five

Amid the
We

The Ecih

jih ;

narrative.

CELEBBATING

HUNTING

EXPEDITION

\316\222\316\223 ON \316\224 KING SEUE\303\216\303\217 SMALLER

OF THE CO\303\23411T, AND WITHIN THE The mention

SCALE,

ATTENDED

BY THE OFFICERS

ROYAL

DOM\303\201IS.

the hunting was stream rises in the district of T'ung-ngan, department Se-gan, and is joined by the Ts'eu, which has come from Luh-chow. The united stream flows into the Wei,

conductednot
in

of the Ts'eih and the Ts'eu shows that far from the western capital. The former

the district

of

Lin-t'ung.)

But peaceful homes will rise again. 3 The wild geese fly with plaintive note, That sadly suits our weary sighs. But those whose orders we obey,\342\200\224 wise. are see our pain ; and they They of sense, If they had not been men They had rebuked our insolence.))

Great is the toil, and

marsh, where grain onceshone. the walls as we are told ;\342\200\224 feet are quickly done. thousand
sore

geese

about,

and

light

the

pain,

216)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART

II.)

III. \316\225\316\272

x.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

217)

VIII.)

But through
And

the land disorderwends,

it none
why the
will

with

dare

; T'lng-leaffu SUPPOSED KIHG\342\200\224\342\200\224

MORNING

The

narrative. TO BE KING

DESCRIBING

THE ANXIETY SEUEN\342\200\224\342\200\224 NOT TO BE LATE

or

SOME

Ye kinsmen
Ye

AT HIS

near, ye honoured friends,

abandou struggle
all

to cope.

LEVEE.

Alas that
2 Their And

people, you

hope ? shun,
undone

now Each stanza is to be taken as a soliloquy of the king, waking, A large torch was kept burning and again, in his anxiety not to be late. to the hall of audience), all night (inside the entrance gate, leading That in the courtyard of the bound together. made of links or faggots The princes and nobles re of 100 faggots. king's palace was composed be dawn, when the king would paired to the hall of audience at early He here judges of the time from what was, or ready to receive them. what he fancied must be, the state of the great torch. 1

And leave your

parents

waters bed the mighty leave, o'er. ruin spread the country The sky on wing the falcons cleave ;\342\200\224 and yet higher still they soar. High

So is it

with

the

lawless

How The

\316\240\316\231 suits the

Proclaims
Already 2 How
The
Gives Already

goes the night ? king who courtyard, ruddy

men would loyal

with

For heavy
the

morning keep.

sleep

Whose evil
think

of

torch's
of

Alas !
vainly

near the gate my lords Their tinkling bells salute my Although

unspent the

light,
night.

deepesthour
appear
wakeful

Still in my heart fast

I go

courses know no bound. and start to do. them,

but

crew,

round

and

round.

;
ear.

I
3

strive volume

to find

dwells its grief;

relief.

Their tinkling bells with

on. goes the night ? I may not slumber not yet the night is wholly gone, paling torch-light in the court below token that the hours swift-footed go. at the gate my lords appear ;
measured

sound

draw

near.

vast the waters flow, within their channel run. And as the falcons go, swiftly The vault that copes the hill they shun. And can we then no method find To check the talk that fills the land ? No means deviseto curb or bind
With

But

still

3 How goes the night ? I may not slumber now. on its brow. The darkness smiles with morning The courtyard torch no more gives forth its ray, But heralds with its smoke the coming day. pass the gate, and gather there ; princes My

The idle

tongue and wanton

tongues
will

hand
watch

?
reverently,

Watch, friends, And slanderous

yourselves ;

silent

be

!)

I see

X.)

their

banners

floating

in the air.)

The
NATURAL

HoJi

ming

metaphorical.

CEBTAIN

MOKAL

LESSONS

FROM)

FACTS)

IX.
OF THE BEWAILING THE DISORDER Jileen shwuy ; allusive. INDIFFERENCE TO IT, AND TRACING IT TO AND THE GENERAL TIMES BY MEN \303\237f AUTHORITY. ENCOURAGED THE SLANDEBERS
The an

The Chinese agreement

among the
much

original does not

according

criticsas to
to the

give

them very

what views of

the moral lessons,and there they are. The version Choo He.

is not
gives

1 The

waters flow with volume vast, Straight to the ocean'smighty falcons past, Swift fly the soaring resort.) And to their resting-place

1 All true
court

words fly, as from yon reedy marsh The crane rings o'er the wild its screaming harsh. Vainly you try reason in chains to keep ;\342\200\224
Freely

it moves

as

fish

sweeps

through

the deep.))

218)
Hate
The
The

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART

II.)

BK TV.

i.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

219)

The

trees follows love, as 'neath those sandal leaves the eager searchersees. some good was born ;\342\200\224 without ne'er hurtful the corn. that mar the hill will grind stones

withered

marsh's the 2 All true words spread,as from eye The crane's sonorous note ascendsthe sky. the widest sphere abides, Goodness throughout As fish round isle and through the ocean glides. shall see, lesser And good near greater you sandal tree. 'neath shrub As growsthe paper And good emerges from what man condemns ;\342\200\224 that mar the hill will polish stones Those gems.)

BOOK IV.
THE

DECADE

OF

KfE-FOO.

I.

THE WAK.

K'e-foo

COMPLAIN

; narrative. OF THE SEEVICE

THE

SOLDIERS ON

IMPOSED

OF THE EOTAL GUARD THEM BY THE MIMSIEE OF

This pieceis to be referred to the concluding years of Seuen's reign, both his character and administration had deteriorated. In his 39th year, B.c. 788, his army had sustained a great defeat from some of the northern tribes, which he made preparationsto avenge in the follow The regular levies for such a servicebeing ing year. he or insufficient, dered his Own guards, it is supposed, to join the force for the north ; and we have in the piece their at being called to a duty which did complaint not belong to them ;\342\200\224directed nominally against the minister of War, but really against the king.
when

1 Hear, minister of
We

War,

the

are

Why have you

Where

to Close
far

the

teeth
his

and talons

charge

froni

Why

are

life, 'mid miseriesrife we doomed to this disgrace ?

court

person sent us

is our place. to this homeless

of the king ;

we bring

we roam,

2 Hear,minister
We

the accusing word ! soldiers of our lord, And near his person should have rest. But you from court have sent us far away, Where ceaselessly we toil from day to day,
of

War,

are

the

taloned

By constant misery oppressed.

of valour we

3 Hear,minister Has paid our

When Why And

whose erring deed War, with a sorry meed, should near the court reside.

have leave
With

you sent us far to suffer our mothers longing for all their cooking labours

grief,
relief, tried ?))

220)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

[PART II.)

IV. IV.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

221)

III.) rr.
The
DRAWN

Hieang

The
THE
ADMIRED.

PiJi

Iten ;

narrative.
OF

THE WRITER
LIFE

ABANDONMENT

PUBLIC

EXPRESSES HIS EEGEET BY AN OFFICER WHOM

AT

THERE
MAIN.

HE

SOME OFFICER, WHO HAD WITH STATE, FINDS HIS EXPECTATIONS OF THE PEOPLE TO THE BOYAL DO AND PROPOSES TO RETURN DISAPPOINTED, n\303\253aou ; metaphorical.

TO ANOTHER

Free Secure

The tenderestproducein my it by the neck and feet

this

let the brilliant

white colt

eat
yard.

;\342\200\224

And

Its

morn's
cherished

pleasure

safely guard.

owner,

Shall then with Alas that he should e'er

And

in my heart, me at ease abide. his

bird, 0 spare yellow-plumaged of grain ! and fields The paper-shrubs For me these peopleshow no care ;\342\200\224 I long for kin and home again. That we judged ill, when we came here,
Thou

Does

from

their

cold
trees

neglect
and

appear. of maize,
eschew
;\342\200\224

hermit-like

merit

depart.

2 The mulberry
I long That

fields
bird, race

hide !

2 Free let the brilliant white colt eat The bean-sprouts growing in my yard. it by the neck and feet, Secure This evening'sjoy thus safely guard. Its owner, cherished in my heart, Shall then be here, a guest admired. 0 could I wile him from the part He wants to play, from men retired ! 3 0
leave

Thou yellow-plumaged These people are a dullard

we judged

Doesfrom

my brethren's face to view. ill, when we came here, their cold neglect appear.

0 fly 3 Thou yellow-plumaged bird, eat ! Those oak-trees, nor the millet hie ;\342\200\224 From this bad land I back must I long my father's kin to greet.

thy

colt

of brilliant
honours

white

That we judged ill, when we came Does from their coldneglect appear.)
IT.

here,

If

thou

As duke or marquis,
Thou should'st Find endless joy.
With And

to me

would'st blithely come, obtain, and

curb, bright
in

Try to restrain,
thy
so much

thy

home The Wo
EOYAL
7ant/ l\302\241'e yay

strictest from

the

hermit-life
art

roaming mind ;

To which 4 JTis vain.

thou

refrain, inclined. colt view,

stand.

HE

AND DOMAIN, HAD AFFINITIES

AND THE UNWORTHY

AN OFFICER, WHO HAD LEFT THE IN A STATE WHERE FOR PROTECTION BY MARRIAGE, BELATES HIS DISAPPOINTMENT, CAUSE OF IT.

; narrative.

SOUGHT

The

brilliant
empty

white
valloy

Before it placed
Of That

Deep in that
grass master
that,

a bundle new
gem I
by its

1 All through the fields I travelled sad, foul my only shade. Th' ailanthus our relationship I came, Through

plucked as a
relenting,

master's hand.
send
or

Shelterto
to my

find

hold.
gold,\342\200\224 !)

But me you
Back 2

show

with you no wish to

and aid.

State and

What Fll prize more than gems News that he still remains nay

he may

All

friend

And

through for

clan I go again ! the fields I travelled sad, cooked.)) my food the sheep's-foot

entertain

;\342\200\224

222)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT IL)

BE IV. 5 High

vi.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

223

Through our relationship, to you For for a time I looked. lodging But me you show no wish to entertain Back to my kindred now I go again !

;\342\200\224

The pleasant light the And deep recesses, wide our good king Where

pillars rise the level court around ; open chamber steeps alcoves, are found,
in

perfect

quiet

sleeps.

All

through

the
;

fields
pokeweed

I went and

tried

6 Laid
\"

I came
And Grant

Hunger with
to you

Her

love is cold ; new mate you seek to please. your that won, your heart her riches have not charms are new ; my relative's are gone
your
V.

to appease.

mat square ;\342\200\224 on rush he sleep, and, waking, say, \"Divine What dreams are good ? For bear and grisly bear, And snakes and cobras, haunt this couch of mine.\"
Here

is the bamboo mat

shall

!)

7 Then shall the chief diviner \" The bears foreshowthat

glad Heaven

reply, will

The snakesand
Sons

cobras

These auguries

are all auspicious ones.\"

lulled
sceptres

daughters

send you prophesy. to rest.

play

sons.

The S:c kan

DESCRIPTION POSTERITY.

;
OF

narrative.

IT,

AND

ON TUE COMPLETION OF A KOYAl\302\267 PALACE ; GOOD WISHES \316\223\316\237\316\222 THE BUILDEB, AND HIS

shall

be

his,\342\200\224on couches

The little
Their
Their
infant

ones,enrobed,with
cries

The old interpreters all say that the builder of the palace here was and we must refer the time of king Seuen. The view is not unlikely, the compositionto the early part of his reign. The piece was probably made for a festival on the completion of the palace. The two last stanzas set forth the different estimates taken graphically in China of the value of sons and daughters in a family. As it was in the days of king Seuen 2600years ago, so it is now.
1

knees

As king hereafter The rest, our 9

And They

stern behest ; the vermeil covers shall display. one shall be addressed ; all the States shall sway. princes,
are

loud as

On yonder banks The tender blue

Firm-founded,

Its roof

made
love

Fraternal

a palace, lo ! upshoots, of southern hill behind ; like the bamboo's clamping roots ; to a point defined. pine-like,
bear

him shall be born. upon the ground to sleep; Their playthings their dress the simplest worn tiles, Their part alike from good and ill to keep, And ne'er their parents' hearts to cause to mourn ; To cook the food, and spirit-malt to steep.)
daughters shall

also to be placed

here

And unfraternal

schemes be

its precious

ne'er designed!
west
The
AN Woo

fruits,

VI.
yang

Ancestral Five

The doorsare placed. Here will the Here laugh, here talk, here sit him
3 To
mould

sway thousand

is his. cubits

The walls they rear, long ; and south and

king
down
firmly

; narrative.
OF KING

SUPPOSED SETJEN'S

AND \303\216.ESS AUSPICE 1

CONDITION

TO CELEI\303\215T\303\215ATE THE LAKGEFLOCKS AND HEBDS ; WITH

and

appear, rest.
tie ;

OF THE PROSPERITY

OF THE KINGDOM.

the

walls, vermin,

The

The walls
Fit

toiling
shall

builders beat

the frames they storm,

the earth and lime.

dares to say your sheep Who few The flocks are all three hundred
Who Tliere

are

dares

dwelling
is

Grand

the

In
And

height,
straight,

Its tints, like hues when

and bird defy ;\342\200\224 is it for his lordly prime. hall the noble lord ascends;\342\200\224 like human form most reverent, grand ; as flies the shaft when bow unbends ;
pheasant's

despise

your

cattle too
press
peaceful

strong.
along.
appears ;

Though horned the The cattle come, with

ninety,

black-lipped,

sheep,yet
moist

each

and

flapping

ears.
pool

2 These climb the heights, those drink the Some lie at rest, while others roam.))

wings

expand.)

224)

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT II.)

IY. VII.]
Burning
Ruin

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETET.)

225)
thee

In
Fit

With rain-coats, and thin splint hats cool, come. And bearing food, your herdsmen thirties, ranged by hues, the creaturesstand victims they will yield at your command.

with inward grief, none name but thou delay'st the impends,
that awful

even

needed quest.
we

in jest

Sublime More

southern thou,

hill, with

Your With

herdsmen prey

twigs of birds

and beasts for

by

and faggots
evil

bring,

food.

With
A

Approach, their health and vigour good. The herdsman's waving hand they all behold, And docile and pass into the fold. come,

Your sheep,untouched

silent

thing,

pestilence and death, Heaven aidsdisorder's sway; nation frowns ;\342\200\224thou not thy way ! changest
our

great

Yin, whom

vegetation grand

as unjust

brand.

8 On Yin
Our

many

Chow States

And guide

4 Your herdsmendream take ;\342\200\224fish Of men ; on banners falcons fly, Displacing snakes aud tortoises.
\"
Of

the

place

0 cruel Heaven,that

the peopleright, thus

he

depends. in one,

By justice
with

he should bind
mind,
to the

no

disloyal
helpful

such

woes on all

should bring !

king.

The

first betoken
shows

The augur tells his prophecy

:\342\200\224

4 In him, himself inert, from He,treacherous,

Mean And

banners

plenteous years; the change of homes a widening range.\

VII.

men, unfairly his vile relatives

the people put no trust. and council keeps the just. the common weal destroy, screened,
place

the highest

\316\264 Great

Heaven,

unjust,
unkind,

posts enjoy. the land exhausts with all

these

these

pains.

Great
narrative.

The

nan Ts\303\253eh
CARELESSNESS

sJian ;

allusive

and

LAMENTATION

OVER

THE
AND

MISERABLE

IT,

AND

THE

STATE OP THE KINGDOM. DENOUNCING THE INJUSTICE OF THE GRAND-MASTER YlN AS THE CAUSE OF OF THE KING. CONDUCT
all

Oh !

rains.
were

Heaven,
the

woes

upon

it ceaseless
would

that follow to the end of the Part, are assigned by the the old interpreters to the reign of king Yew (B.c. 780\342\200\224770), though to them such a date is only sufficient in the case evidence for assigning the of a few of them. Yew was son to king t\303\254euen, but was worse than father in the days of his decline, and resembled him in none of the which ennobled the earlier period of his reign. His higher qualities short reign ended in his violent death, and immediately comparatively after there took place the removal of the royal residence to the eastern of the Chow dynasty. capital,\342\200\224thegreat event in the history the hero of the third ode of the third Keih-foo, Book, was a Yin, and This

piece, and

And 'neath impartial cease.

peace !

good

in power,

men's hearts
wranglings

be

at

rule,

our

soon

would

6 0
With

great unpitying
every heart

Heaven,

our

troubles

month with

repose.
My

they

grow ; men's
What

have no close ! minds know no

weak

whom this piece is directed against was, probably, his son He is styled \" Grand-master,\" and was thus one of \" the three Kling,\" the highest ministers at the court of Chow ;\342\200\224see the Book V. xx. 3. We must believe, indeed, that he was the chief of of History,

the

minister

or

'Tis Yin's 7 I yoke my

the reins

grief

is drank.
that

hand

holds

supineness

augments

grandson.

hie. From
the

steeds
distress

long-necked,
on

pains. and through the land I the

attempt

the people's

every

side vain

to

the

administrator of the government. three, in the Ch'un Ts'\303\253w, A Kea-foois twice mentioned in the time' of duke of Loo, as coming on messagesfrom the royal court to Loo. He Hwan of the writer of this piece. would be a son or grandson
the principal

fly!

8 Here

evil rampant bares the

spear;\342\200\224they

fight

with

rage,

Then pacified
9 This
VOL.

and friends, in revel they

engage.

1 That southern hill, sublime, uprears Such thou, Grand-master Yin, before

its

craggy

height

the

nation's

; sight!)

Infatuate

is from Heaven unjust. Our king has no Yin rejects all counsellors as foes.
III.
15))

repose.

226)

THE
me,

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT II.)

BE

IV.

VIII.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

227)

10 This song by
Would

Kea-foo,

the king's

he States

but
!)

change

his heart,

sad case relates. and nurse the myriad

4 Where

the forest once grew, we look, and behold ! Faggots only and twigletsareleft. 'midst their To Heaven perils, the people all look, And lo ! Heaven seems of reason bereft. But is Heavenso dark ? When its purpose is fixed,

VIII.

TION OVER THE MISERIES OF THE KINGDOM, AND THE EUIN COMING OF WOETHLES9 EMPLOYMENT THE KING'S ON IT, ALL THEOUGH PAOU SZE. OF HIS FAVOUBITE AND HIS INDULGENCE CHEATUKES,

The Clung

yueii

; narrative,

allusive and metaphorical.

LAMENTA

And good
5 'Tis only
'Gainst

To its will opposition is vain. is the Ruler supreme, He hates noneof the children
fools say that
such

the
of

great
men.

God !

8th determines the date of this This lady Sze of of king Yew. raised in the end to be his wife. Paou was Yew's favourite concubine, his proper queen ; and his besotted attachment For her sake he degraded to the to her was the cause of his own death, and of the greatest miseries The mention of Paou Sze in stanza composition as belonging to the reign

kingdom.

1 On

Sorrow'swound

the brow of

the

summer
rankles

the hoar-frost

abounds ;
6

the And as baseless But the king lets it fly unrepressed. old and diviners of dreams To ministers For advice he repairs, but they say, \"We are wise; but of crows which is female, To pronounce who can tell you. the way

words

the mountains are low ;\342\200\224 each high ridge would protest. talk that is uttered by men,

which

\"

male,

And calumnies base, that Daily waxing, inflict ; All alone I am placed, none by me to stand Griefs intense more and more fill my breast. mind Cares increase and disturb my sorrowful Both in body and soul I'm distressed.

deep in my heart, the perplex, people smart. sharper

That
And

the heavens
them

are

Yet beneath
that

thick
dainty speaking

is

For thus
;
Who

Yet

with

In

the

conduct
all

but knows ? low, the earth who is there but feels? on it I go. steps and acting good reason I have, of many around,
lofty

who

is there

I bow

my head

20
Why

father Was

and it

mother

Or
And

I hear

born ere was came they ere why

only I not

who bore me, to suffer such woe?

your son,
?

Like the cobraor eft fatal found. Where the fields are rugged and stony,
rises Yet luxuriantly Heaven fights against

originate

those

calumnies

base,
the

grain

their goodwords,
their

bad
those

words
men

So
3
With

shallow

With

their the

fiercer

are but from the lip, which have no deeper seat. And the more that I grieve, ! do I meet. contempt

these evils arrived I am laid low ?

and

me as if I were its match, Movesand shakesme, and then overthrows. me at first, As if I were hidden, they sought to shine. At the court for a pattern intense 'Tis with hatred they scowl now on me,
And

grows.

my its
as

services

curtly

decline.

Dwell

of great pang I thus on this

all

For the multitudes To base servitude,

And alas for
what

misery wringing my heart, comfortless time ; will with me be brought

of

With

us all in positionsmorehigh ! shall I now get support ? lord From a crow ! No more can I tell than,\342\200\224see yonder resort.) house 'twill Can I tell to whose

guiltless

crime.

Fierce oppression prevails all around. Blazingflames that spread wide, and terror inspire, still be quenched at their height. May perhaps But our city august, where Chow holds its state, vile Sze of Paou sinks to night. this Through
15*))

those who Now-a-days

'Tis

sorrow my heart is if with tight string

rule

; deeply oppressed it were bound.

no kindness

display;

228)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAET II.)

IV.

IX.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POBTET.)

229)

9 That
And

suchissuewill
moreover,

come

is ever

Like a waggoneryou, Heavy load suits but

Wheel-aids you may And the hands that
be
When

0 king,
and ill

let me
fast miry

my thought

; !
neglect,

IX.
LAMENTATION OF AN OFFICER The Skill yueli die Ji\303\253aau ; narrative. BETOKENING THE KUIN OVER PRODIGIES, CELESTIAL AND TEERESTRIAL, OF THESE AND THE TRUE CAUSES THE OF CHOW. HE EXPOUNDS AND DECLARES THE CHIEF CULPRITS, ABOUNDING MISERY ; NAMES TO REMAIN AT HIS POST OF DUrY. HIS OWN DETERMINATION

falls the rain clay.

if

say,
these

have, but
would

you

You soon will

the

crying,

car

of the
you

sir, give me aid,\" State is o'erturned.

\" 0

help

you are

spurned,

10 If
And

your

wheel-aids their

That

driver a vigilant eye, travel unbroke. Your load will your journey will come, most and hard, to its end ; Though rugged But these seem trifles, as looked upon now ; things To the peril you will not attend. 11 Shallow ponds on the fish small bestow; pleasure To the bottom they dive, and there lie. But the fisherman them sharp clearly perceives, And a prey to his cunning they die. And so, men of worth, in this kingdom oppressed, Little pleasure can ever possess ; For hatred hide. pursues them, where'er they may How such things fill my heart with distress ! 12 Clear sparkle set forth at their feasts, the spirits, And the mats with fine viands are crowned. and their kindred in numbers appear, there Neighbours And the halls with their praises resound. So is it with those, the unworthy and base ; Suchreward by their flattery they gain ; I am left, and in solitude pine, While here hard with my grief and my pain. Struggling
keep

help

they

on the

keep, and get them well plied, shall give to each spoke,

date for its compo lines of this piece give us a certain three determine it as belonging to the Cth year of Yew. The eclipse as having occurred on August 29, spoken of is verified by calculation, B.c. 775, or 77fi, if A.D. be itself counted 1, the very day and month of Chow.\342\200\224We have to it in the text, according to the calendar assigned here the earliest date in Chinese history about which there can be no

The

first

sition,

and

Then

your

will carriage be safe, and

dispute.
Of given.

the various The wife

ministers and officers was the Paou Szespoken

in stanza of in the

note to

4, no details can be the last piece.

1 The sun

and moon met in the upper sphere, The day Sln-maou, the tenth month of the year. The moon was new, as she should re-appear, near. then the sun, eclipsed, showed evils And the sun ! The moon eclipsed before, and now Alas ! we men below shall be undone.
bodies, erring, what is bad make known ;\342\200\224 ; order all o'erthrown. neglected The moon eclipsed was what full oft takes place ; a sadder case. The sun's eclipseportends
These
Good

men

of rest, 3 And flashing levin showsthe want mountain's With troubled streams, and tumbling subside to vales ; deep vales grow Large heights Alas ! how does the king not stop these ills ?

crest. hills.

4 Among the In all their

K\303\253a-pih

duties Fan the peopleguides;

; Chung-yun

ministersgreatHwang

presides

administers

13

; Abjects vile, they their salariesdraw But the people endure a hard, famished lot, And are dealt with sternest law. by Heaven's in a time so severe ; Eich men may succeed and their stores they can live. With their wealth But alas for the poor, alone, without help !

Though

mean,

they

are gifted

with

houses

and

lands;

Shouldthe king not

in his book; Tsow enters The king's decrees Yu's E/wei regulates the stud ; the guards sphere ; The wife, in beauty blazing, has no fear. his own course pursues, 5 Great Hwang,determined, \342\200\242 our service, nor enquires our views; Demands or marsh Unroofs our homes ; our fields makes moor \"I am not harsh.\ he says, And \"'Tis the law,\"

is cook ;

deliverance

give

?)

230)

THE

BOOK

POETET.) \316\237\316\223

[PART

II.)

BE

IV.

x.])

THE BOOK
gift not

POETET.) \316\237\316\223

231)

a town. himself 6 Far-seeing Hwang has built Three ministers are there of wealth o'ergrown. No single chief he left to guard our king, While all its streetswith hoof and chariot ring.

3 0

glorious Heaven, thy Why justest wordswill

the our

listening monarch

ear, hear ?

Like

traveller,

from not this

the

7 I

come not from Heaven, but fawning words schemers wield like swords. And hidden hate, which 8 Par off my village, great my lack of peace, I might go to seek for ease. elsewhere And Others retire, but I shall not be driven dark the way of Heaven.) From this my post, though
Our ills
X.

dare not my own services But slanderous tonguesmy

report ;
blameless

life

distort.

And fan of duty Of one another

Alas 4 ! you

He knows Ye officers,

whither should
the
you

riglit path gone leads his devious your

zeal inspire,
fire.
stand

astray, way.

expiring
should

in

awe.\342\200\224 !

heed

not Heaven's

o'er-ruling law
; more,

Deaf to Avar's lessons, bad he To famine blind, from good of the Chambers I, and Groom Our
Ye

still remains he still refrains.

nothing

sad estate
officers,

I cease not to
your

deplore.
duty shun,

the king the truth will not make known. brief reply ; Whene'er he questions, give you When touched by slander,from the court you fly.
And to

coward-like,

MOURNS ; narrative. A GROOM OF THE CHAMBEES THE INCORRIGIBLE STATE OF THE KINGDOM, FEOM OFFICE AND AND THE BETIREMENT OP THE KING, COIIESE HOLDS TO HIS POST. OF MANY, WHILE HE ALONE RESPONSIBILITY The Tu OVEE THE
moo

cJiing

5 Bad

is the
with

time

Eight while

MISERABLE

Who
The
At

his

Is sureto suffer,
artful
ease

tongue

what's

Are gladly
the

in No care, no forethought, Of criminals I do not think

O vast and mighty Heaven, why thy Thy kindness, erst so great,no more we prove. hand, Sent from above by thine afflicting and death now stalk throughout the land. Famine in terrors now arrayed, O pitying Heaven,
shrinks

love ?

stream ; speech flows freely like a fortune's beam. 'neath bask speakers
the

heard, and fulsome

time ! man who
king

awaken hate. in his heart will lies pernicious

words
flatteries.

state

And

difficult

Surround

the
what

Risks manifold office dares to

shows

hold.
gleam.
and

thy

course

displayed,
prepare.

The

But

there are

suffering

which their
many, ruin

deeds of

;\342\200\224they

bear

And straight
Speak
And what

Speak

the

his countenance
likes your

impossible

shall deem,
angry
scorn

he

guilt

innocent in of

of crime,

straight

and fain would friends look on with

come

carry out,
doubt.

O'erwhelmed
still

by

this Chow

evil time fades

/ say, \"Ye officers, \"

We

back

to court.\"
your

2 The honoured name

And,

Their posts the Heads of offices all leave, While I toil on, none knowing how I grieve ! whom they direct, and those The three great chiefs, and dusk, their businesses neglect. dawn At Nor morn beholds at court, nor evening late, State. The absentlord of each neglected
If thou would'st
But,
turn

augmenting,

these

past, sore troubles last.

in the

are my tears ; is pierced ; ensanguined My who hears. him of wrath the rouse but My words elsewhere homes But let me ask, \"When you reared,
heart

have

no houses

there,\" is

retort.

Who then gave help against the ills you

feared

to

hapless

king,

thou sinkest

good,

and banish

ill,\342\200\224

lower still.)

232

THE

BOOK

OF POETET.

[PART II

BE

V. n.]) They

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETKY.)

233)

cannot on themselves
ask

Builders,they
BOOK V.
THE

rely.

each

And leave

5 Unsettled
MET.

The many

at last. their work undone though the land we see, foolish,

passer-by,

some

are wise ;

DECADE

\316\237\316\223 SEAOU

I.

The S\303\253aou min

NESS AND LOBS.

INCAPACITY

A LAMENTATION ; narrative. OF THE KING'S PLANS

piece

AND

OVER THE EECKLESSOF HIS COUNSEI,-

the And scanty though be, people Yet some can see, and some devise. Some gravely think, and some have Yet borne upon the cataract, in ruin, ne'er to rise. We sink

tact

Who Who

dares

The Preface

ence is very
1 Oh

refers the

to the time of king

Yew

; and

the refer

boatless

likely.

E'en their
But
nothing

unarmed the tiger dares to tempt wits see such small

greater

face ? the Ho ? a case,

know.

! pitying
That

For crookedschemesmislead the crown Nor halts the king in his career ! All counsels good and wise he spurns ; To counselsbad he eager turns.
I mark his ways
with

Heaven grows black with darkens far this lower sphere,

frown,

should we tread, With fear and caution Like men above sometorrent'sbed, thin ice who go.) Or those upon

do they

\316\240.

paiu and

and vain,

fear,

The

S\303\253aou yuen

; narrative

and

OF

DISORDER

2 His

creatures, impotent

DUTY

Now chime, now chafe, iu rival mood. The case deserves our saddest strain !

OF GREATEST

MISGOVERNMENT, THEIR OWN MAINTAFNING

AND

allusive. SOME OFFICER, IN A TIME URGES ON HIS BROTHERS THE THE VIRTUE, AND OF OBSERVING

CAUTION.

it all are firmly bound Against ; If bad, then all will rally round. Where will it end ?\342\200\224I brood. sadly
3 Our
And

If one proposesaught

that's

good,

Our counsellors still

With

wearied oracles are dumb, silence when we consult. keep

thronging

counsels barren of result. full the court, none dares to Though We the way we iie'er pursue, plan And still we halt. halting, helpless

come,

do;

This piece is referred also to the time of king Yew. is au allusion to a vulgar In the 3rd stanza, there that the notion, of a small green insect, found frequently on tlie mulberry young tree, were earned off by the sphcx or solitary wasp, and cared fur by it in its own The greenbeak in st. 5 hole, where they were changed into wasps. one of the (luntirostres. It is also called \" the grease-thief.\" is probably from its fondness for all fatty matters. The bill is slightly hooked. In secte and flesh are said to be its natural food, but it is here represented as picking up the grain ;\342\200\224with reference to the struggle for life in conse The last two lines in the same inisguverurnent. quence of the prevailing stanza refer to a custom on which we have not much information,\342\200\224that of spreading some finely rice On the ground, as a sort of thankground and in connexion with offering, prayer. 1 The
Then

dove coos
wings

Ah

me

Forsake
They

! the

men who
wisdom

lead the
of the
fitful

State,

to heaven

gently in the bush,

its flight. wound,

the

Unruled by maxims wise and

veer

past.

great,
blast.)

with

every

o'er sorrow's My heart that broods Thinks of our fathers bright. When early davrn unseals my eyes, Before my mind our parents rise.))

234

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.

[PART II.

BK

V.

in.)

THE BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETRY.)

235)
is sup on its

2 Men grave
And

and

reason

wise a hold her

But men benighted

More

set

on drink

taste, and grow

each day.
good

cup may sway.

maintain

take,

would be the king's successor ; and posed that E-k'ew made this piece. character in his \"Works, VI. ii. Ill

in

to these events it reference See the remarks of Meccius

Let all deportment

Heaven's gift once
the
they

lost we ne'er regain.

sow again.
the to

1 To the trees that Flying slow, the

Other

are

their

crows all come.

sore door.
with

home,

men
am

can
I from

All

o'er
Which

plain
will

they gather beans,

mulberry train.

Ne'er

The grubs hatched on The sphex bears off

Teach

tree

Have I Heaven offended Surely guilt lies at my

Homeless Nowhere 2

happy be ; misery free.

?
grief,

And good as you they 4 Look at the wagtails !

And
Let
And

carefully your sons at home,

will
Quick

thus, oppressed can I find relief.

become.
they

us

Eise early, and

The

twitter as they fly. as active be, for days months go swiftly by.
you

leap,

Once the road was clearto Chow, O'er it the rank grass grows now. is sorrow's blight ; On my heart Ache my limbs as after fight.

name

bear in

; go late to sleep

honour keep.
want,

Through the night, still dressed,I Ere its time, old age comes nigh. I find no rest, Homeless thus,
Men

sigh

5 The greenbeaks,driven by pinching Frequent the yards for grain. Alas for poor and lonely folks,
Whom

Head and heart alike distressed.

with

reverence fathers

Trees that round their

On

always

view

I sprinkle rice around door, my And to be good, Heaven'said implore.

prison

walls

restrain

their

We

must be meek, and cautious move, trees. on As we wereperched We must be anxious, and take care,
As

In their mothers have a friend. From my father's loins I sprung, mother's breast I hung ; On my

all depend,

homesteads grew.

Yet did Heaven my being give, 'Neath a baleful star to live.

near

We must put down our feet as nice, if we trod on thinnest ice.) As

a precipice.

Where

cicadas'

voices

Ill
allusive and narrative. THE ELDEST SON AND The K\303\253nou pman; OF KING YEW BEWAILS HIS DEGRADATION, AND THE HEIR-APPARENT EASE WITH WHICH THE KING WAS LED AWAY BY SLANUEBERS. Yew was a princess of the State of Shin, and their Yew had been declared heir to the throne. When E-k'ew became enamoured of Paou Sze, the queen was degraded,and banished to Shin, while it was announced that a child by the favourite)
The

Aimless, tossed about, Sad my heart ! I try

Briefest 5 Mark
Slowly

Willow trees luxuriant spring. the waters of that pool, Deep with reeds and rushes Fringed adrift I'm borne, But boat like
forlorn. in

ring,

cool !

vain
to feet

rest from

thought

gain.

the stag's
from

reluctant

eldest son,

queen

of

king

the herd

E-k'ew,

at Crowsthe pheasant And his mate is to him

retreat.
the

dawn,

drawn.))

236

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY. leaf,
me.
left

[PAKT II.

BE V. IT.])
From the last stanza persons, living taken metaphorically.
ticular

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

237)

and Stript of branch, Is the image true of Sad my heart ! I'm

that
alone,

tree

it would
probably

appear

that

near

the Ho,

in

the writer had view ; unless

par 11. 1\342\200\224i be

some

Unbefriended

and unknown.
for

6 See the hare

When

1 O
!

Callous monarch, all our woes Ne'er wake thy compunction's throes. Sad my heart beneath thy frown, And my tears fall ceaseless down !
7 Slanders Truthful
And

Someone straight

One steps in its life to save. a corpse unburied lies,

a grave

mercy

crave

vast and distant Heaven,whom and mother call, on thee I cry. Say why these ills on me
Father

we

Excessivefall.
vast, lie

supplies.

Oppressive,

Though guiltless all !

small

my misery, contains
onr are

2 The first

the rest.
breast,
redressed. be

Then as
to

vile the
pledge-cup

king believes;
he

When slanders fill Ills grow, and never

Would

monarch's

he but trust
redressed.

receives.

judgment
stifle
cleft

he denies,
tries.
the

kindness
along

The good, wrongssoon must I know they must.

Trees are felled where helps the strain,

Leaves our king the guilty While he guilt imputes to

3 His frequent
And

covenants

show
cozening

him weak.
words

Faggots
will

grain.

me.
height ;
;
**

free,

Wrongs grow from He trusts the rogues

make

that things

Men

climb

Deepestsprings their searchinvite.

O'er

the greatest

Their duties
Prove

shirked, their wordsso meek

but

lie and worse.

they

speak.

sneak,

a curse.
of

his

Ears
Leave

words the king should watch are set each word to catch.
my

4 With
A

the great work

Pm in a
sagest

some

dam,

Move

not
thus,
my

basket
future,

Dark

Vainly

from its place. I moan ; despised,

though

ye slanderers

base ;
!)

Or plans by
Round

temple

by true king
men

great

mind

;\342\200\224

designed,
outlined, my way I wind,

fog.

common

schemes

unknown

Like hare and

dog.
hand
command,

5
IV.

As

timber

soft

Assumes the shapehe may

So common

in carver's

; narrative, and allusive, with the metaphorical elempnt here and there. SOME FKOM THE KING ONE, SUFFERING THBOUGH SLANDER, APPEALS TO HEAVEN, DWELLS ON THE NATURE AND EVIL OF SLANDER, AND EXPRESSES HIS DETESTATION OF ANP COSTEJIPT FOR THE SLANDERERS.
K\303\252aou yen

The

I well may
Those

speech to understand,
claim.

perhaps

talkers,

Are sons of

flowing, artful,
shame.
On

grand,
stream

6 And

\" tory

all these odes refer. Great men in the same State, and of different States, made covenants together, for the sake of peace anil Here we have the king friendship, and the pursuit of commonobjecta. as if he were not more powerful than his princes.) covenanting,

Covenants to which

(st. 3)

\"

were

very common

in

the

period of Chinese

his

From men

They

who are they ? dwell ; and void

yonder

so bloated
fare

strength who would

of

they dream

seem.

Of martial

force ?
may madly worse !))

Both

they

and
And

theirs the

scheme,

238)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET II.)

BK V. vi.])
5

THE

BOOK

OF
is

POETEY.)

239)

\"
\"

Too slow

! \"
yet

v.
SOME NOBLE SUFFERING \316\252\316\210\316\237\316\227 BLANDEE, AND THAT THE SLANDERER WAS AN OLD FRIEND, IN SUSPECTING TIMATES THE GROUNDS OF HIS SUSPICION, AND LAMENTS HIS CASE, WHILE HE WOULD OF THEIR FOBMEll WELCOME THE RESTOEATION RELATIONS.
narrative.

your you

The Hojin szc;

\"In
If
Why

Too

slow,\"\342\200\224and

appeal. conld not

you

The reins, and you would come to

keep

haste,\"you
me

stop !

saw say.\342\200\224I

drop
wheel.

greaseyour
return
had no

me but once !
eyes askance
done more

waiting,
your

?
H))

The Preface assignsthis piece to a duke of Soo,who had been slan dered by a duke of Paou. There can be no doubt there was a State of Soo within the royal to the present district of domain, corresponding the lords of which, viscounts, Wun, department Hwae-k'ing, Ho-nan, were often in the highest positions at court, with the title of \302\243img, or duke ; and there was probably also a State of Paou. The character which we read Paou from that which is the here, however, is different name of the State from which Sze, king Yew's favourite lady, came.

If you desire would My strong

You came

Then upon
not.

O Why

come

My heart would cease to burn. but once ! Vain your excuse to relieve me thus refuse ?

so, glow;

I ask what With treacherous to my dam Why

Nor Whom

man

came

here.

'does be

It
2

must

schemes his mind o'erflows. came lie so close. to the gate drew near ? he follow as his lord ? I'll pledge my word. Paou,
close

If you the earthen whistle blew, I played the flute of pierced bamboo.
Here are
Shall

Beadson

one

string

we hung.

If still you doubt my tongue, the creaturesthree,whose seal the oath I take as good!
Were

blood

word Nor kindly Once were we bound with While now to stand aloof

Which was it Why shunned

Companions

are
my

caused me he at the

they.
disgrace

dam would

my face, say ?
ties,

In this goodsong
Your changeful

Or water, you'd be out of reach. But face to face we stand, and each Is to the other bare.
I've

you

an imp

of air,

freely
hot,

told
now

ways, now
VI.

cold.)

friendship's he tries.

I ask what

man

is

he.

Inside my gate, before my hall, I heard his footstep's fall, He stood. him I could not see. Though

piJi ; metaphorical, narrative, Heatiff BUFFERING FROM SLANDEH, COMPLAINS AND DENOUNCES HIS ENEMIES.

The

and OP

allusive. HIS FATE,

A
AND

EUNUCH, WARNS

Unblushingly he breaksman's law, Nor yet of Heaven stands he in awe.

4
Wild

1 A few fine

Like the shell-pattern

lines, at random drawn,

wrought

in lawn

as

What man a hurricane

or

Or north,
Why
My

to my dam mind in such

The impulseof his will.

south,

behaved so ill ? his ways ! he comes as sways

My

Distortedinto
And

To hasty glance will seem. trivial faults base slander's

foulest

slime

men me
made

worthless deem. good

Sieve.)

crime,

approached he distress to throw

A May

few be

small

so,
?)

Of the bright southern

points, pricked out a picture

down on wood,

240)
Who
My

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT

II.)

BE V. vin.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

241)

planned, and helped those slanderersvile, ? name with base lies to defile here I grieve. Unpitied,
babbling

VII.
ONE COMPLAINS fimg ; allusive. OP THE ALIENA HIM OF AN OLD FRIEND, PRODUCED BY THE CHANGE FOR THE BETTER IS THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE LATTER.
Kuli FROM

The

' SOME

With And

tongues

The lies you

Hear

only

scheme

how
scatter

about, to make out

you go
round.

TION

me. \342\200\224 Be careful And liars

what
words

People ere longyour

4

you say ;
will

Gently And
When

you'll be found.
with

weigh,

and soft the east wind then there falls the

anxious

fears

pelting rain.
we at

blows,

Clever

How

And slanderswork
Men now believe you

changeful you are, else could all your evil their

schemes

dreams
way

Then linked together were Now happy, and your mind You turn and cast me from
2 Gently

pressed

round you close,

twain.

rest, breast. your

blows,

The truth

found

out,

each vicious

; by and by,

and soft the

east wind

lie

.Will ill for ill repay.

And then there comes the whirlwind When anxious fears pressed round you Your bosom held me as a

wild. close,

child.

Now

5 The proud rejoice;

0 azure

the

sufferer out

weeps.

You throw 3
Gently

happy,

and
me

in peaceful
off and

state,
blows,

? Why look in silence down those proud men and rebuke Behold on the sufferers look, With pity And on the evil frown.

Heaven,

from

thy

deeps

quite forget.
wind

and

soft

6 Those slanderersI would With all who help their

And

My virtues

Each plant its leaves The trees display

keep

Then

round

the east the rocky all

their

height it storms. dying shows ;

withered
all,

forms. small.)

to

the

If wolves and tigers such should spare, Pd hurl them 'midst the freezing air, Where the keen north winds blow. And should the north compassion feel I'd fling them to great Heaven, to deal
On

tigers

throw.

schemesto make,
The

gladly

take,

You

in mind

great

forgotten my

faults,

though

VIII.
Luh

HIS HARD
SERVICES

ngo ; metapnorical, narrative, and allusive. A SON DEPLORES IN BEING PEEVENTED PROM RENDERING THE LAST TO HIS PARENTS, AND ENLARGES ON THE PARENTAL CLAIM.
PATE

them

its

direst

woe.)
dwell,

A-s

on

the

My place One

acred heights you is in the willow dell, is the other near.

officers,

It is clear from the piece that the parents of the writer were dead,and that he had been prevented from paying to them the last duties of af fection by the exigenciesof the public service. The ngo, the liaou, and the liiei are all species of southernwood,\342\200\224easily enough distinguished ordinarily ; but the writer represents himself as so blinded by his grief that he could not tell the one from the other.

Beforeyou,
Think

These lines by

I spread
made.

me, poor eunuch,

not Mang-tsze

severe.)
VOL.

I Long and large the ngo plants grow. Haou plants surely I should know ! How can I confound them so ?
III.
16))

I 1 \316\212

242

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.

[PART II.

V.

IX.]

THE BOOK OF

POETET.

213)

Almost plunging

Grief has robbed my eyes of sight, me in night.

IX.
Ta tuny ; allusive. AN OFFICER, OP ONE or \316\244\316\240\316\225 STATES or DEPLOBES \316\244\316\240\316\225 MADE FROM THEM BY THE EXACTIONS GOVEBNMENT SHOWN TO THE WEST ; COMPLAINS OF THE F AVOUE ; CONTRASTS THE MISEKY OF THE PRESENT WITH THE HAPPINESS OF THE PAST ; AXD APPEALS TO THE STARS OF HEAVEN IDLY BEHOLDING
The THE

Others'hands

laid

in the

2
\302\241i)

Those whose pain my being gave ! Long and large the ngo plants grow. Wei plants surely I shouldknow ! How can I confound them so ?

grave,

EAST,

,)

Grief has robbed my eyes of sight, Almost plunging me in night.

THEIE
\"

CONDITION.

Others'hands

laid

in the

Those whose suffering

earth,
me

gave

birth.

3 Pitcher should be filled from vase ; Where this fails, 'tis reckonedbase. Than to live as orphan left,

Better be of

life

bereft

Father Mother
And,

dead, on whom dead, where

at home,

? depend find a friend

I, abroad, this

sad case know,

can nowhere
loins

are three stars in Lyra, in the form of a tri to go round the circumference Of the heavens in a day and night. They would accomplish six of those in a whole day, but as their motion is in advance of that of the sun, they have entered the \" seventh space by the time he is up with them again. The Draught \" Oxen is the name of some stars in the neck of Aquila. The writer \" and Hesperus to be two different stars. The evidently took Lucifer \" \" \" Rabbit Net is a name for the Hyades. The t\303\255ieve has occurred before in VI. 2. It is the name of one of the 28 constellations of the Zodiac,\342\200\224 of the sign Sagittarius. It consists of four stars, two of which part are called \" the Heels,\" close together,and two more widely apart, called \" \" the Mouth.\" The Ladle \" is also in Sagittarius, supposedto resemble a ladle taking from a jar. spirits The

angle.

The stars

Weaving

Sisters \"

seem

go.

4 Father, from
' |) \316\212) v) \316\271) ') Now

whose

Mother, on whose breast I hung, Tender were ye, and ye fed,

upheld,

I sprung,

no\\v gently

led.

watched Eyes untiring Often in your arms How

I lay.

my

way ;

1 With millet filled, the dishes stood ; displayed The spoons lay long and curved, of thornwood made. Smooth as a whetstone was the road to Chow, as shaft well fitted for the bow. And straight This road the common viewed ; people gladly

could
arch

Vast as

I repay your
of

love,
above ?
hill thrill. !

heaven

The officerson it their way pursued. back to former times my thoughts And down my cheeks the tears in streamlets
Thus

will

go,
flow.

5 Cold and bleak that

Tempests All around

southern terror

fierce

with

Others all can happy be ;\342\200\224 from grief am I not free ? Why

Dark the lot which

is dark, but more

I deplore

Now in the east, in States both Shuttles the looms are empty unplied, Thin cloth of dolichos supplies the
Which Young

large and
all.

small,

shivering nobles,

travellers cultured,

on the

hoar frost use.

and

shoes,

but
full

too
of
they

thin

6 Hill so steep what foot Blustering winds around

Fierce
Which

can
it

brave
rave.

?
fate,

road, all They go, they come; weary My heart aches for them,
Hurry

along the

spare,

care.
are

and worn.

and

I feel

forlorn.

the winds !
pursues

me
me

As fierce the desolate !

alone,
!)

3 This firewood,

cut

fear

the

waters

Happy all save

Thinking
\303\257)

Fit

then

aye of

dues undone

Whose

stern

as emblems they would be of exactions grant us no repose.

16*))

and hewn from that

with earnest

toil,

spring

will

spoil. those

; \316\257) I)

244)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET II.)
;\342\200\224

BK

V. x.])
1 In

THE

BOOK

OF

245) \316\223\316\237\316\225\316\244\316\225\316\245.)

be conveyed The firewoodcut must homeward Toil after toil is on the people laid. O that we could the needful rest but take ! Tiredout we sleep, and sigh when we awake.

the

fourth

In the
Nature

sixth the heat declines.

thus

month

summer

shines

4 The east its noblestsons to servicehard

Sees
There Live There

; Tyranny gives only grief. not my forefathers men ? Were

grants

men relief

called ; but they get no reward. promptly in the west sons of each nobleline and in splendid dresses shine. idle, wear sons DOW proudly also boatmen's

Can my
Each
Nature

suffering

'scape
autumn

their
days,

ken ?

2 In the coldof
then

plant shrivels
is hard

and decays. and stern ;

learn.

their In publicoffices display 5 Our choicest spirits humbly \" How can such stuff,\" they
Long

The glossy furs of of the poorest Sons

which men spoilthe bear. families, elate,

state.
we

Living things sad

Friends

lessons

Place
3
Winter Such

dispersed,
refuge days

all order gone,

I none. wild and

of

have are

present.

say,
as

\" our
with

taste content ?\"

gems,

Rapid gusts eachcrevicepierce.

is

fierce j

We

I turn my gaze ;\342\200\224 Up to the Milky Way ? it not down to mark their evil Looks ways There too the Weaving Sisters' triple beam, move While gleam. on, might shed an angry they 6

give, and each

girdle-pendants,

the

well supplied
gift

short

contemns.

Unbefriended and
Others

my

unhappy

lot,
forgot !

all can
misery

happy be
ne'er

from

am free.

those Sisters through seven stages go, work do they to easeour woe. bright Oxen also shine, we call Draught The stars But they no cart for us to draw combine.
Nightly
But

no

The Morning star appearsin the dim east, in the west, The Evening star oft twinkles the Rabbit Net is there :\342\200\224\302\267 And long and curved fills its place, but heeds not our Each despair. Four stars to be the Southern Sievehave claim, do they to make good the name. But nothing
Northwards

are fine trees ; 4 On the mountains one sees. there trees, Chestnuts, plum show ; All the year their forms they grow. Stately more and more they to ravening thief ! turned Noble cause ? This stirs my grief. the What

5 Waters

Sometimes foul,
Changing

from that spring

and

appear
clear,
again.

sometimes

Or the sky grows

oft, as

falls the rain,

bright

New misfortunes

the

Ladle

sparkles
drink

in the

Still befall
6 Aid from Southern
Thus
And

every day
misery's streams

me, mighty

prey. obtained,

sky,\302\267

But

ladles

nothing

that may
thy

supply.

O Southern
And Thy

For good come from

thou, handle

Sieve,

mouth

O Ladle, eastward

it we have never known. shining in the north, forth ! vainly streichest

X.

is idly

shown,

the
as

States are shapedand drained. Keang and Han are thanked,

ranked. ;

benefactors

drains Weary toil my vigour All unnoticed it remains ! DE-

The
PLOKES

Sze yueJi ;
THE

allusive

OPPRESSION

AN OFFICER and narrative. AND MISEBY OP THE TIME.)

B1TTEBLY

Hawks

and

Sturgeons in deep waters

eagles

mount

the sky j
lie.))

246

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.

[PAKT

IL)

VI. \316\222\316\272 \316\271.])

THE

BOOK OP

POETET.)

247)

Out of
Arrow

fear

reach, they safety get, not, nor the net.

me make

Hiding-place for Here I stay, and

8 Ferns
Ke
Where

there's my

none ; moan.

Each canboast its proper place,

it

; upon the hills abound and e in marshy ground.

BOOK VI.
THE

DECADE

OP PIH SHAN.

I can only
Which,

grows
sing

the

ill-starred, I

for use or woe,

undergo.)

grace.
I.
AN OFFICER COMPLAINS OF THE ARDU Pili sitan ; narrative. IMPOSED UPON AND CONTINUAL DUTIES UNEQUALLY HIM, AND WHILE OTHERS WEEE LEFT KEEPING HIM AWAY FKOM HIS PAEENTS, TO E\303\256fJOY THE1E EASE. THE OUS

See the

Works,V.

remarks of Ft i. IV. 2.

Mencius

on the

second stanza of

this

piece in his

1 I climb that bill upon the north, And gather medlars on its side.
Active

and

And morn

vigorous,

I serve the king with But great the grief

2 Where'er
The
Within All

and night
my

I go forth, I walk or will ; eager

parents

ride.
!

feel

His ministers

their arch the heavens expand, king can claim the land below. the of the land, sea-bounds come or go. at his summons

They praise

me, but

unfairly

act ;
with

toils

distract.

3 Four ceaseless steeds my care engage; The king's affairs no rest allow. I bear no trace of age, They say While few, think, such vigour they While remains unbent, my backbone In work my life must still be spent.

show.

4 Somerest in
Others,

careless

wear Some for the State themselves On softest couches some recline ; unhalting,

ease,

supine

out.

march

about.,))

248)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAET II.)

BE

VI.

\316\231\316\240.]

THE

BOOK OF

POETRY.)

249)

5 Some never

hear on

a clamorous

Others toil Some idle on

And

'midst rude their backs are bear

and in

some

loads
fearless

with head
seek new dread of

sound ; alarms. found ;

and arms.

6 Somefeast, Somelive

constant

Some the harsh critic's work employs Others their numerous duties claim.)
IL

joys ; blame.
;

made of winter, for we do not know where the wild country of K'\303\253w, The last line of the same stanza of appears in st. 1, was. speaks the \" net of crime,\"\342\200\224an for justice strictly administered. The expression same conceptionoccurs in the Vedic hymns, e. g., that to Varuna, in the Atharnaveda (IV. 16),ends :\342\200\224\" May all thy fatal nooses, which stand spread out seven by seven and threefold, catch the man who tells a lie ; See Max M\303\274\303\255ler's Lecture may they pass by him who tells the truth.\" on the Vedas.
that

1 0 Heaven above, before whose light Eevealed is every deed and thought,
To

thee

The Woo ts\303\253'ang ta Iteii ; narrative. SOME OFFICER. OVER-LOADED IN THE KING'S SEEVICE. THINKS IT BETTER TO TKY AND DISMISS HIS TROUBLES FROM HIS MIND.
The Preface says that the writer here expresses his regret for having recommended unworthy persons\342\200\224\"littlemen\"\342\200\224to public employments;\342\200\224 This view is found regret which is in vain. in Seun K'ing and in Han to the piece ; but Ying. Such a fact may have given its origin it is better to take the homely lines in their most general reference.

Hither on toilsome servicebrought, In this wild K'ew I watch time's flight,

And

I cry.

The second When from

sadly
had

month

the east we
Through

just

sigh. begun,
our

took

summer hot
lot !

way.

We passed,and many a wintry day. has run. Summer again its course
0 bitter

1 Push not the cart

You'll
On

you

stand

behind

your You'll

Nor only raise the dust. of mind ;\342\200\224 anxieties

Only
the

;\342\200\224

dwell

There are my compeers, While here the tears my

gay
face

at court,
begrime.

make

yourself

unwell.

2 Push not
The

cart you stand behind ;\342\200\224 will only blind your view. Dwell not on things that vex your mind ;\342\200\224 You never thus can see them true. dust
the

I'd fain return. But there is that dread net for crime The fear of it the wish cuts short. In vain I burn !

3 Push not
The

dust

Heednot the troubles

'Twill

cart you stand will but becloud

of

behind ;\342\200\224 your eyes.

mind

2 Ere we the royal city left, The sun and moon renewedthe year.
We

marched
year

weight

you as you

your

seek to rise.)

;\342\200\224

Now to its closethis Return deferred, of

All

in hope.
is near. and

hopebereft,
mope.

mourn

III.
Seaoit ming ; narrative. As OFFICER, KEPT LONG ABROAD ON DISTANT SERVICE, DEPLORES THE HARDSHIPS OF HIS LOT, AND TEN DERS GOOD ADVICE TO HIS MORE FORTUNATE FRIENDS AT COURT.
The

My lonesome While duties

state haunts aye my breast, grow, and caresincrease,

Too

hard

to bear. ;

Toils that oppress Not for a moment

Nigh

me never cease dare I rest,

to

despair.

command of the expeditionto \316\233\\ as towards the north. This

We must suppose

that

the speaker
which
latter

here was

high rank in he refers, and that the expedition point we infer from the mentiou)

an officer of

I think

with

fond

Who in their

posts at court remain,

My

regard

of those, of old.))

friends

\316\257)

250)

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.)

[PART II.)

VI.

IV.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

251)

But

Fain would I be witli them again, fierce reproof return would cause.

This post I

IV.
TO EEFEE TO AND DEPLORE SUPPOSED cJiung ; narrative. ABOUT THE H\\VAE, EXPEDITION OF KING YEW TO THE COUNTRY OF MUSIC. HIMSELF TO THE DELIttHTS WHERE HE ABANDONED

hold.

The Koo

When

for the west I left my home, The sun and moon both mildly shone, to cheer. Our hearts
!

SOME

We'd soon be back,our service done Alas ! affairs more urgent come,
And

fix

us here.

The year
We

is hasteningto expire.
now

gather

That

for

its

Suchthings that I rise and

But
Thinking

The beans we reap ;\342\200\224 fragrance, these for food.

constant

the southernwood,

an expedi undertaken of Yew's having There is no account anywhere that a tion to the country about the Hwae. But it is quite conceivable sovereign of his character should have proceeded to the Hwae to punish himself as it is supposed the wild tribes Of the region, and have amused be a historical Such an expedition would he did. in this piece that The Hwae has been a famous to Caligula's against Britain. parallel river of China since the earliest times. It rises in the district of T'ungthe pro through department Nan-yang, Ho-nan, and after flowing pih, the sea, having had a and K\303\253ang-soo, reaches vinces of Ngau-hwuy

courseof

about

600 miles.

care

of pass

friends

Me anxious keep. still at their the night outside,

require

1
As

posts,
?

the Hwae sweeps along to the A tale their music tells,

thoughts

How peal

the

royal

bells,

main
of

! pain.

soon what
will

So vexed my changes may

whate'er

mind. betide

Waking

Before

me back it
of in

in my

mind

full

I here

stay,

it costs, 0 do not deem secure from ill

The memory
And they
live

sadly brings
virtuous

our

And be
friends,

resigned.

my

fancy

again
drums,

kings ;

Your rest
Your

My

honoured
which

2
As

Loudroll the royal

the Hwae
A

seems

rushes on to the
memory
compels

deep.
me to
weep,\342\200\224

Will ever
duties

last !
esteem,

vanished

comes

And hold

the upright
With

quietly

fulfil,
in

In their
The

sound which
memory
virtue

of our
flawless

kings of

So shall the
You

Spiritshear your
make, and

friendship

fast.
cry,

Whose

still we

old,
hold,

sleep. Though the kings in their sepulchres 3

In my

virtuous

In

good supply,
vast. deem ill

measure

Bells
heart

As the

5 My honoured that Eepose

seems secure
Will

friends, 0 do not
from

Hwae its three islands displays. stir a grief profound They

that

peal

and

drums

resound,

no revel
our

Your duties
And

lasting
fulfil,

prove.
love.

The virtue
A

of

quietly

hold the upright

With

in esteem,
earnest

Suchas never we
4
And

stamp

of truth
see

of yore and beauty bore,

kings

allays.

now-a-days.

So shall the And on you

Spirits hear your prayer, happiness confer, Your hopesabove.)

K'in-tfm
the

lutes

in the

the bells peal on, concert we hear.

the

Sounding stones join their notes,rich

Deep

breathes

organ

tone

;
and

clear.))

'IM)

252)

THE The
The

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART

II.)

BE VI.

v.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETKY.)

253)

while
Ta

and

through the vessel there ring

the Nan
flutes
which

And

And

the dancers

they

sing,

deign
With

our happiness
blessings

to crown,
more

with

now

appear.)

still

bright.

2
V.
TUB
TO

With With

reverent sheep

air, and

The Ts'oots'ze;
ANCESTItAL

narrative,

TBMPLB

AND

SACRIFICIAL AND FESTAL SERVICES IN THEIR CONNEXION WITH ATTENTION

When autumn and winter comes, Our temple serviceswe hold,

And

in dress oxen pure,

correct, select,
cold,

HUSBANDBY.

This and the

time of
of

king

to a degeneratetime, and deserve to be ranked with the first eighteen piecesof this Part, which are ascribed to the duke of
belonging
Chow.

absurdly, others

other piecesto the end of the Bookare all ascribed to the been directed against him ;\342\200\224very Yew, and said to have so far as I can judge. They are out of place among the mass

The victims slain somehaste to flay ; Some boil the flesh ; on stands some lay

offer sacrifice.

The piecesboiled,which some dispose In order due, exact and close,

According

to

their

size.
be

Choo

thinks

of somenoble are those of

simply

this piece celebrates

landed proprietor. the king's ancestral

the

poet's

sings.

services in the ancestral temple rather to the view that they \" temple. The \" we of the stanzas is identification of himself with the parties of whom he
the

The while,

incline

Lest

the priest, insidethe gate,

welcome

elsewhere

See what I have said on the services of the ancestral temple in the last chapter of the prolegomena ;\342\200\224particularly on the representation of the deceasedfathers sacrificed to by individuals chosenfrom among their descendants. The \"priest\" here and there was merely \"an introduced officer of prayer.\" The proper sacrifieer was the king, the noble, or the
chief
of

the

Clan.

1 Here
Till

of

Our fathers
Both

grew the tribulus around, its thorns they cleared the ground;\342\200\224 Of old this work was wrought.
laboured

And to our prayers attend. Their filial son, our honoured lord, Great blessing gets. They will reward With myriad years his duty shown, And sure maintain upon the throne

Though hid from Our offerings with

Our sires asks to descend. and brilliant are our rites ; Complete as he invites. come, They grandly
us

too late,

in shadowy they

veil,
hail,

delight

His sonstill time

shall

end.
;

for
plant sacrifice,

That millet we might And millet used in

our good, for food,

3 Before
Some These
Those

the fires somereverent stand

take the mighty trays in hand; with the roasted flesh they fill, with the livers broiled. Then

yielding to us large supplies ;\342\200\224 So for us took they thought. Now when our barns are filled with grain, And myriad stacks in field remain, Spiritsand viands we prepare,

still

And

reverent,

the

And every
The

smaller dish provides,

feast
visitors

queen

presides,

To use on

In

grand occasions rare,

rite.

sacrificial

The

dead

But there are thosetheir part who bear. We lead tliem to the highest seat, Aud that they will drink and eat. beg So shall our sires our service own,)

cannot in form

be there,

Divined for, now they all appear, And take an honoured place. 'Tween those who our sires, personate Once and

The guests and

pious

to grace.
draw

near.

Our lord, and them,

and word
Which

as

rule

Each word

again the cup goes round.

smile and

requires,

just that is found, smile should be.))

254)
The
And

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET

II.)

BE VI. vi.]
The

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

255

Spirits come in
answer

quiet state,
great.
due
reward\342\200\224

give

with, blessings

hall,
Left

that nothing may appear from the sacred rites.

of

Myriads of
Shall

years\342\200\224his

show
And

how they our lord from evil free. keep

Those who are

The old
The
And

the

regard,

and young, abidewithin.

of the
his

royal

kin,

4 Exhausted now we feel, but see Our every rite from error free. The able priest has learnedthe will Of the great To fulfil Spirits. His part he hastes, and to our lord, His message thus conveys :\342\200\224 Your sacrifice has filled the air With Both fragrance. your spirits rare And viands rich your sires enjoy.
\"

surname to the

To which
6 All the
Their

special

feast repair,
grace

king they bear,

invites.
fast, not

musicians follow

Standing

before

him,

with

grave

word,

The mats the

No They Dish

viands rich display ; face looks sad, but all are gay. drink, they eat, with fullest zest ; after dish, well pleased they taste ;

The feastersshall

special

aid at this repast

fail.

Blessings

not

Each sureas law's

Exact
Due

They give

without all that ;\342\200\224each

few, unerring
without

alloy, you could

scope.

At last they

hope,

First bow
Then

Great love and joy prevail. rise, and to their lord

their him

heads they

with one thus address

accord ;
:\342\200\224

in form,
reverence

\"
All

From errorfree,discharged
Your

you have
Your

delay,

Eich

viands

striven to pay.
with

testified

ceremonies
heart.

Your filial

all declare
sires

care,

The spirits of our

On

and your spirits your pious care.

rare,
;

sires partook

henceforth

Your term

you benignantly
of

life

Will favours grant of greatest worth, For myriad years, and myriads more, Nor time exhaust the boundless store.\" \342\200\242\"Tis this the wise priest says.

And favours give that ne'er shall end. As through the year the seasonsmove, Your pious feelings equal prove
to pay. Fully each sacrifice So may it be in future day, sons and grandsons of your And of these rites divine, Observant \"

they look. they will extend,

5 The rites thus all performed exact, The drums and bells announce the fact. Our lord withdraws, and takes his way Where parting guests their homage pay.
Then

line,

The ceremony

bless

comes

the

\"

The

No longerin their seats abide

Their

Spirits

all are

satisfied.\"
but

wise priest's

voice

:\342\200\224

VI.
TRACED TO ITS FIRST nan shan ; narrative. HUSBANDRY OP SACRI ON TO THE SUBJECT ; DETAILS ABOUT IT, GOING FICES TO ANCESTORS. AUTHOR

The Siti

'Mid warning bells and

So

representatives, ends

slow,
;\342\200\224

the sacrifice.
tranquilly

drums,withdraw

The Spirits
The
And

ascend.

queen
all

the

and who the queen attend, haste to clear) servants,

this piece and the last. Both pro between There is a closeconnexion bably proceeded, as the critics suppose, from the same writer, this being of sacrifice. and more concise on that on the subject of husbandry, fuller In st. l there is the first of the few references in the She to the great of China, extending the territory kingdom Yu, the real founder of the of former elective chiefs, and opening up the country.)

L))

256)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAKT II.)

VI.

VII.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

257)

1 Yes, all about

Great
Yu

that pursued

southern hill, his wondrous

toil.
FICES
PEOPLE

VII.

He drained the plain, the marsh he dried ; Our in fields laid out the soil. lord
As south,
now Their boundaries we define, or east, the fields incline.

The POo fi'en;

CONNECTED

narrative.

PICTURES

OP HUSBANDRY

WITH

IT.

HAPPY UNDERSTANDING

AND THEIR SUPEEIOBS.

AND SACRI BETWEEN THE

2 The wintry
Then
That
And

Send down

one heavens, flakes the

arch that

of clouds,
fill

the

come the
moisture,
fit

To soak and
in

drizzling rains of spring, with the snow, supply,

the

sky.

its

season

ground for use, grain produce.

in

rule in feudal China was that the sons Of husbandmen continue husbandmen their superior might ; but select those among them in whom he saw promising abilities, and facilitate their ad vancement to the higher grade of officers. The concluding lines of Et. l refer to this. The thanksgiving service in st. 2 probably was addressed to the Spirits over the productive energies of the presiding land, and over the four \" quarters of the sky, ruling all atmospherical influences. The father of \" is the mythical emperor Shin-nung. husbandry
The

general

should

3 The plots, arranged

order

So

The millets in
shall

abundance bear.

fit,

Bright
That

shine
yearly

my wide-spread
to the left rich
;

our

While

For thosein
4

And guests who at

The central
While

lord the harvest view ; and spirits we prepare, food our sires descend, whom

From oldentimes

king a tithe

fields before the

Each year
Sufficient

has store.

the

feast

attend.

Where

their

and boundary line. aside we put, Their fruits preserved, the Till \342\200\242'mong they shall shine. offerings his sires our lord shall gain So through Long life, and gifts from Heaven obtain.
gourds

plot the huts

each

contains,

Someweed Each millet

some plant

have plenteous been crops to feed my husbandmen Now to the ground I go, soil the southern acres show. earth around the roots gather
the

supply.

eye,
;

path

The brightest youths,

There I call round me in a

with

luxuriantly

spacious place
cheering

up shoots.

words

to grace.
;

first are poured ; 5 The fragrant spirits Then near the gate the bull is ledj\342\200\224 our sires to come. So we invite
To

2 Heapedin the vessels,bright the millet shone Pure were the victim-rams. Last harvest done, We tha.nked the Spirits of the land and air, From whom the joyous husbandmen declare The copious produceof the year had come.
Now
To
with\"

show

the
with and

victim
bells fat

The knife

Its blood
6
Then

pure and red, through the bear. we away

slides

hair.

and the resounding drum, men tillage first we cry, And ask for rain to help our husbandry. So shall our millets grow. Each field now thrives, our labourers, To bless and bless their wives.
our

lutes

him

who taught

all

our

Diffusing round a fragrance is the sacrifice! How brilliant

Our

offerings

we present,
great.

ancestors

Are there, unseen; but they shall Blessing and life,\342\200\224years without

in kingly

state
send
end
!)

descent now comes this way, wives and children food convey To those who on the southern acrestoil. The Inspector of the fields appears meanwhile Glad he lookson, and of the simple food
Our

lord

of

long

Just

as their

The dishes tastes, to seeif

VOL.

it
17))

be good.

III.

258)

THE
of

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET II.)

BE

VI.

ix.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

259

The hand

'Tis sure ere long luxuriant crop to yield. and in his view Our lord complacent looks, The toilersfeel their zeal inspiredanew.
reapers

skill

appears

in every

field ;

Patches
And
Handfuls And

The

soon the

Which curving Lo ! numerous

Rising like islands,seen from far like mounds. our lord prepare, Thousands of granaries must bear. And carts in myriads home their loads shall With radiant joy each husbandman surveys

crops shall stand. down, and thick as thatch, stacks are built all o'er the grounds,
will

take

in hand,

These 4

of unripe grain the reaper leaves ; and there, ungathered are the sheaves. besides we drop upon the ground, ears untouched in numbers lie around ;\342\200\224 by the poor and widows shall be found.
here

When
Bringing

wives

and children
from

to the toilerscome,

The millets stored, the ricecropand Then all shall pray for blessing on our
myriad
years.\342\200\224Such

the

maize.
!)

lord,

For

shall

be

his reward

each separate home, Our lord of long descent shall oft appear ; The Inspector the men to cheer. glad of the air, the They too shall thank Spirits With sacrifices all their for care ; pure Now now black, the victims that they slay, red, As south or north the sacrifice they pay ;
provisions

also,

While millet bright the altars always show ;\342\200\224 And we shall thus still greater blessings know.
AND
IX.

VIII.

FURTHER The Ta t'\303\253en ; narrative. WITH IT. SACRIFICES CONNECTED

PICTURES

OP HUSBANDRY

1 Various

the toils which We choosethe seed ; In

We winter

fields
we

take

so large demand ! our tools in hand.

Chen pe LoTi e ; narrative. IN THE EASTERN SOME GATHERING APPEARS AMONG THEM.
The

THE

CAPITAL,

FEUDAL PRINCES, MET AT PRAISE THE KING AS HE

See on the 1 Fitness

Around Flow

4th

ode

of

Book

iv.

for

our

work we thus
that

Then

in to

seeds And to the earth the different consign. Soon, straight and large, upward each plant All happens as our noble lord desires.

the spring, the acres go

prepare ; bearing the sharpened share,

south

for war, 'mid

the

incline,

swiftly happiness

Loh, on. and

whose waters, Eastward our dignities

peace, we here acquire, broad and deep, king has come,

the fount.
shine lead.
bright;\342\200\224

aspires;\342\200\224

Of

His red
So

his

knee-covers, madder-dyed, six hosts to battle he would

for war, 'mid
the

2 The plants will ear ; within their sheath confined, and be good in kind. The grains will harden, infests Nor darnel these, nor wolf's-tail ; grass From core and leaf we pick the insectpests, we those that eat the joints and roots :\342\200\224 And pick
fruits. growing whom each farmer the names, Spirit, May great to the flames Those insects take, and cast them
So

2 Fitness
Around Flow With

swiftly gems

Loh, whose waters, broad and on. Eastward our king has far gleaming round his scabbard's live
;\342\200\224for myriads

peace, we here acquire,

deep, come,
!

mouth.

do we

guard from

harm

the

Long may

he

And still maintain the !

fortunes

of years, of his House

3 The

And gentle

the cloudso'erspread

First may
then

And

rain down to the earth dispense. fields the blessing get, the public with it our private fields we wet !)

sky

in masses

dense,

3 Fitness for war, 'mid peace,we here acquire, Around the Loh, whose waters,broad and deep Flow swiftly on. Eastward our king has come, and of all dignities possessed. Happy,

Long

may

he

live

Preserving

safe his

;\342\200\224for myriads many 17*))

Clans

of years, and States

260)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET

II.)

BE

VII.

I.]

THE BOOK

OF

FOETBY)

261)

X.) \342\200\242The SJianff-shang

THE

FOEMEE

KING ;\342\200\224THE

and narrative. chay hma ; allusive CELEBRATES THE PEAIBES

BESPONSIVE

TO

OF THE PEINCES.

All

Praise

the flowers which shine, splendid Amidst the leaves that cluster dense, Are these lords of mine, noble On whom I look with joy intense. that my heart desires in them is met ;
Like
and

BOOK
DECADE

\316\245\316\240.

OF

SANG

000.)

good

fortune
that

they
splendid

deserve to
shine,

get.

I.
and narrative. THE Sang-hoo ; allusive PHINCES, THE CHIEF AMONG THE FEUDAL OF THEM, AND GOOD WISHES FOE THEM.

2 Like the flowers

Displaying
whom
In
So

Are thesenoblelords of

yellow's deepest hue,

mine,

THE KING, EXPRESSES

ENTERTAINING HIS ADMIRATION

In all their words

to themselves 3 Like

such elegance
and

I view.
is no
flaw

manners

all blessing
some

shall they
white,

;\342\200\224

Flitting
With

round
their
they

draw.

Some
Urging
are
soft

the flowers that

yellow,

splendid shine,
of purest of mine,

Birds

of brilliancy ! wings men admire are that

the greenbeaks

see,
;

Are these
White
And

noblelords

More those lords my soul inspire With admiring joy and love.

their steeds to rapid flight. the steeds they drive, but black their manes, and glossy in their hands the reins !
right

Heavenwill

bless

them the

from above

2 Here and

there

Left

or

Each order given

Instant
Equal,

they

wheel and
they

move.
obey.
prove

bright. Showing necks with feathers W~ho but must the creaturesprize But it more delights my eyes, \\Vhen these noble lords are from danger Who my States

greenbeaks

light,
?

in resources Boundless

their skill and powerthey as needed, to display.

themselves movements
outward

straight

seen,

screen.

there should

'Tis right their

dwell ; excel

!)

3 Screensthey are, and bulwarks strong; them All the chiefs around throng, And on them as patterns gaze.

Self-restrainteachhero lays
On Great
himself,\342\200\224from

folly

free

;\342\200\224

their

happiness
cup

must be

4 Seethe
Full

Round their
of

mighty

ranks in orderborne!
soft and

of horn,

It excitesno conduct

spirits

good,

rude.

Lords of

Surely

blessings
virtue

haste to

greet
!))

so complete

262)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAKT II.)

B K

VII.

IV.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETBY.)

263)

IL
Yucn-yang PRINCES EXPRESS
The

III. and metaphorical portions in allusive Kivci peen ; narrative, with BY THE KING, AT A FEAST GIVEN the stanzas. CELEBRATING BOTH BY CON TO HIS EELATIVES WHICH HE IS PRESENT HIMSELF,

allusive.
THEIR

RESPONSIVE

PRAYERS

TO THE LAST ODE ;\342\200\224THE AND WISHES FOR THE KING.

The

all

duck,\" is ordinarily called* by the Chinese,\342\200\224from the prevailing colour of its variegated plumage, and the creature is the most beautiful perhaps of all the duck tribe. Another name for it is\342\200\224\" the Faithful as bird,\" it is said to be a monogamist ; and if either of a pair die, the other does not The male and female long survive. do show an extraordinary at is with the Chinese an emblem tachment, which of conjugal fidelity. They are said to sit or roost together,as the second stanza says, with their heads turned in opposite directions, while their left wings are folded up so that they can lean on each while the right wings other, are )eft at to liberty guard against any danger that may approach.

This piece is one of the most remarkable cases in which it is difficult to see the metaphorical connexion between the allusive lines and those that follow. This the critics freely admit. \"The Yellow duck \" is the name by which the Anas galerlctilata, vvhicb we call \" the Mandarin

SANGUINITY

AND

AFFINITY.

1 In
Who

their bonnets
the

Not a
Certes

spirits

so good,
among

of deerskin,who are they and such viands

them,

that
may

haste ?
taste

stranger
none

but

all of

but

As the mossesand So their hearts, O While they see not

But

thy brethren
mistletoe

a smile

from

2 In their
Who

bonnets such

1 The Yellow ducks, full grown, take wing and fly For them the men both hand and spread-nets ply So greatly they their beanty prize. the life ten thousand years May king's extend, While wealth and happiness that know no end

viands

;
;\342\200\224

such honour could win. to the tree, cling our cling closely to thee. sovereign, face, they are restless and sad, thy thy Eps makes them happy and glad. who are they that haste ? of deerskin, taste ? in season and spirits may
thy

thy

kin,\342\200\224

Not

Heaven, as deserved,
ducks its

to

him

supplies

2 The Yellow

Each with
Their

Uponhis merit 3 The stableslargethe

In

they Heaven to the king ten thousand years And blessings lasting in unbroken line
great
teams

upon the darn oft rest, left wing 'gainst its neighbour's pressed;\342\200\224 mutual fondness thus show.

assign

bestow
of

! contain
grain,
;\342\200\224

Only they at such banquet with thee could appear. As the mosses and mistletoe grow on the pine, So their hearts, O our sovereign, around thee entwine. and forlorn, see not thy face, all is dark While they as the morn. is to them thine But a glance from eyes each head, of deerskin, 3 In their bonnets adorning and lordly are fed. clear spirits, the Now they quaff are kinsmen of every degree; brothers With thy thee. or distant, Near they share the banquet with the sleet first descends, weatherwise, we well When

a stranger

among them,

brethren

are here;

know,
Winter

steeds

soon

will

be here
may

with

its

peace

with

ten thousand May the king's life extend While all that lengthened time no sign Of wealth or happiness denied!

Abundantly

forage, and in war with they are supplied.

garments

of snow.

Death and mourning

'Tis
And

not your

years,
appears

O'er

long,

O ye now cups

guests, that each other you'll see. be glad, when the day-light has

come

in our

moments of glee;

ceased,
do

thou,

O our

sovereign, rejoice in
rv.

the

feast.

The

stables

large

Forage

they

Ten
And

In every thousand
Heaven Which

manger store of grain. years may our great sovereign live, the wealth and blessing ever give, shall his !) comforting maintain

contain the get in peace ; in

numerous teams ;\342\200\224

war

there

gleams

The Keu Tteah ; narrative and allusive. BEAUTIFUL, GROOM OVER HIS YOUNG,
If we
in these

AND

THE REJOICING OF A BRIDE VIETUOUS BEIDE.

are to

believe
officer,

verses an

the Preface and the critics who follow it, we have he had got for)) not rejoicing over the bride whom

264)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

II.) [\316\241\316\224\316\225\316\244

VII.

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.

265)

himself,

as the bride does Chow

Bong,

a lady whom he would rejoice to see of the odious Paou Sze ! With reason discard the authority of the Preface. The piece is a love Bomewhat in its way. stately, but admirable
drawing

but

of king

Yew

the picture instead

of

1 Like
And

Are the sons of

Who

the blue flies buzzing round, on the fences lighting,

slander

1 With axle creaking,all on fire I went, To fetch my young and lovely bride.

0
2

never cease
happy,

their biting.
king,

found,

thou

courteous

To the winds
Buzzing
About

their slandersfling.
the blue

No thirst or hunger pangs my bosom rent,\342\200\224 I only longed to have lier by my side. I feast with her, whose virtue fame had told, Nor need we friends our rapture to behold.
The

round
the

flies hear,
!

So the
Whose

slanderersappear,
calumnies

jujubes

flocking

long-tailed Amid the

pheasants

surest

covert

of noble mind, wisdom gain. 1 praiseher while we feast, and to her say, \" The love I bear you ne'er will know decay.
my

Here from
And

forest

on the

find,

plain.

virtuous

By no law or order bound, All the kingdom they confound.

3 How

are shocking.

bride,

person

tall, I

they buzz,

those odiousflies,
clust'ring the lies
blast

Upon as And

the hazels odious are

!
ring.

may be ; spirits and viands means will not afford. My humble But what we have, we'll taste and not
Poor

\"

we

Of those slanderers
Hatred
Shows

fine

From us

repine

stirred between us two the evil they can do.)

VI.

will

come

And though Yet we will

to you no
sing

no grumbling I can virtue

word.
add,

and

dance,

4 \"I

in spirit
with

glad.

oft

ascend

that

And hew large branches from the oaks ; Then of their leafy them I spoil, glory And faggots form with strokes. vigorous Returning tired, your matchless grace I see, And whole soul dissolves in ecstasy. my

lofty

ridge

toil,

Pin che tsooyen ; narrative. AGAINST TO DRINKING ACCORDING EULE, AND OF THE TIMES. PICTURE OF THE LICENSE
The
ING

TO

DRUNKENNESS. DKINKA LIVELY EXCESS.

Woo

\"

To
The

the
hill,

high
o'er
lute-string my

hills I
road

great

next

Up

Like

dale,
journey

I knew,

To you,

rein. I should come sweetbride, the comfort of my home.\

sounded

looked, and urgedeach steed; was smooth and plain. I never slackened speed;
every ended,

V.)

The
TO

Ts'ing ying

metaphorical

and

allusive.

AGAINST

LISTENING)

SLANDEHEKS.)

Woo made it, when repenting he so graphically describesand strongly condemns. The general plan of the piece is plain enough. In stanzas 1 and 2 ive have two instances of the temperate use of spirits, and in 3\342\200\2245 we have the abuse of them on festive occasions. St. 1 is occupied with the moderate use of them at trials of archery before the king, when no li in ; st. 2 shows the same thing cense was indulged on occasions of sacri fice. The riotous feast in st. 3\342\200\224\316\264 was, probably, the entertainment given with himself at the con by the king to the princes of the same surname of the seasonal sacrifices. We can conceive clusion of such a scene taking place in the time of king Yew. There were various trials of skill in archery, of which the principal was that here referred to, before the king, and called \"the great It was preceded not by a heavy feast, but by a slight enter archer}'.\" in beneath The took the tainment. the hall shooting place open court, the entertainment took place. Three where pairs were selected by the The others matched them-)) officers who had the direction of the trial.
which

All the critics agree in thinking of Wei ;\342\200\224whose are praises

that the writer of the piece was duke sung in I. v. I. Han Ying adds that that he himself had fallen into the vice

2G6)

THE
The

BOOK

OF

POETET.)
drink

[PAKT II.)
a cup

BK

VII.

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

267))

selves.
penalty.

defeated
writer

competitors
evidently

had to
view

of spirits

as a

In cestors.

of

describestook place, the sacrifice was being completed.

What he

st. 2, the

had in

the
suppose,

seasonal sacrifices to an business as the proper

-By

The guests then come, in order led him. who is their chief and head.
those

With

who wait

They drink in reverentstyle.

Attendants But
Our Our

represent

the dead

When

to
Good

the

mats

the guests
observe.
left

draw near,

order
cups temple

order

Some moving
While

In rows
Of

the

wood

Sauces and kernelsin them shine And tempered well the spirits fine
The

to the right some swerve. stand arrayed ;\342\200\224 dishes and bamboo featly made.
;
:\342\200\224

to the

they

appear,

their cups to fill, 'midst their good will. are only drunk to cheer ; are clear services rules mats

From all excesses vile.

When

to

the

Mildharmony
These
And

the guests
holds

approach,

rule.

dare not upon

no

those encroach,
the fool.
they

Now are the drums and bellsset up And round the circle goes the cup,
Without

guests

with

reverence

taste.
;

one
due

So long as in
But
Then

plays
bounds

keep,
?
;

The royal
And

bows

On
And

Made ready for the game. different sides the archersstand; in his hand, his weapons one,

target then they rear, and arrows soon appear,

unseemly

jest.

; Discreetly they behave when those bounds they overleap, where

are

They

leave the
They

mats, and prance about

round

they,\342\200\224so

grave

\" Now

The
And

\" shoot,\" he says, and show other answers, \"ShootI will,

hit

Callsout

another's

name.

Their caution all is Their wits fall to the Anon as still more drunk
skill.\"
On
And

caper

and round. put to rout ;

ground.
they

rudeness
they
the

your

The cups their reasonoverthrow,

themselves
guests

they are

set.

grow.,

the mark

when ;\342\200\224and

Give you the penal cup to

2

you

miss,

forget. drunk too much,

;

kiss.\302\267\"

4 Yes, when

have

The

drums
Their

loud sound,
flutes
instruments

the

dancers
and

the organ swells ;

wave.
bells

The dishesget no
Disorder
dance
They

They shout aloud and brawl.

fills the
keep gentle

touch

hall.
do

'

The other
Thus

Join in the

is paid. and the least, to grace the feast, Have performed Then to our king 'tis said, \" on you your sires bestow.\" Blessings With his sons and grandsons glow ; joy feel to show their care, They inspired And to bear.) themselves reverently
Which

with our music blends the dance, The solemn serviceto enhance, to

concert grave.
sires

about,

Can hardly

now fast, now their feet.

not

slow,
know

What fools they

Each

our

No one resumeshis seat. will hardly stay awry, cap,

are they

When

rites, been

the

greatest

But they keep

And

Upon the
no

giddy

head

on in madness'way,
dread.

Both host and

If, when their wits began to reel, left the room at once, They Nor know the
guests

exposure

would

sad mischance.)

happier

feel,

268)
But

THE holding
when

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT

\316\240.)

BE

VIT.

vin.]

THE

BOOK

OP

FOETBY.

269

The drinking feast is good Against misconduct rude.

feast

on, themselves their

they harm.

Here in Haou
Festive

resides the king, our lord ;

joy

Only

guests

wills can arm

is set,
will

Happy and at easeis he.

pleasures

to him

afford.

a drinking 5 Whene'er

3 Fishesthere
get.
Fishes

Some sober keep, somedrunk One is appointed to preside, an assistant With by his side,

Shelter to them Safe and

among

the

where the rushes give

not happier
ever
at

pondweed

live,
;\342\200\224

could

Here in Haouthe king,our

Happy and
tranquil

be.
lord,

resides

Record to make,as they

Who

here

decide,

But sots there are,in Who, seeing some will

Say,
if \"

praise

deserve, who blame.

vice not

ease

he bides. is he.)

quite get

sunk, drunk,
The

We

for could

These, they Might counselto the rest afford.

To

you feel shame.\" get in a word,

VIH.
Ts'ae

siaiJi ;

allusive

THE APPEARANCE \342\200\224\342\200\224CELEBRATING

fright

them

from their wild

them

excess,
address
:\302\267\342\200\224

Not

We'll send you

To
A
find

such improper speech refrain ; to speak, your tongues restrain. You're drunk ; if but a word you say,
\" From called out

Sternly

they

might

thus

COURT, THE SPLENDOUR DEMEANOUR, AND THE 1

and narrative. TO THE FORMER; RESPONSIVE OF THE FEUDAL PRINCEB AT THE OF THEIR ARRAY, THE PROPRIETY OF THEIR FAVOUR CONFERRED ON THEM BY THE KING.

this

very

day,

a thing

ram full Drink but

How

can

which nature scorns,\342\200\224 horns. grown, yet wanting three cups, your memory's gone; still go on ? \" you drinking
VII.

So reap they what the fields produce, For present and for future use. When now themselves the princesshow, No stores have I gifts to bestow,

To placein baskets square,

They

pull the

beans all o'er the

and

ground,
round.

Yet a
Will

Befitting

their

The
SOME

Yu ts'aon

allusive.

PRAISE

OF THE KING

BY THE PRINCES

AT

And

FEAST:\342\200\224HIS QUIET

HAPPIN\303\216SSIN

HAOU.
of

state-carriage and its team well a feudal prince beseem ;\342\200\224 Let such be all brought forth. from the chambers let them bring
The

great

worth.

robes

that will

le south of king Woo ;\342\200\22430 Haou was the capital Shen-se. trict of Ch'ang-gan,department Se-gan,

the

present

dis

From duke to baron,

On

princes

them

these

I, the king,
confer.

wear.

1 Fishes
From

large heads we espy;\342\200\224 Fishes happier be. the king ; our Here in Haou resides lord, To him joy his festive pleasures bring.
the

there among the

their bank not could

lie; pondweed

2 The water bubblesfrom the spring, And round it grows the cress. Sowhen the princes see the king,
In

Happy and at easeis he.

various

Their coming they

ways.
with

express

Their flags,
Comes to

Now here

1 see
bells tells))

2 Fishesthere
From the
Fishes

bank their longtails

could

among

the

pondweed
are

glide ;
descried

\342\200\224

The gentle tinkling

my

All waving in the

of ear,

dragon

wind.
their

blazonry,

not happier

be.)

and

surely

270)
They
By

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART

II.)

BE

VIL ix.]
To them it
A

THE

BOOK

or

POETET.

271)

the

in their chariots, grandly drawn four steeds of mighty brawn, Cannot be far behind.

is a

pleasurerare,
time,
here

3 The king soon gets a nearer view. The covers red he sees
Upon

When from their States they To see his court sublime.)

IX.

happy,

joyous

repair,

their
And

knees,
buskins

'neath

of brilliant hue, the knees.

A grave
The
What

to
Whose

demeanour all display ; Son of Heaven approves. such princes can he say,
presence

THE ; allusive, narrative, and metaphorical. AGAINST AND BY CONSANGUINITY COLD TREATMENT OF HIS RELATIVES OF HIS EX AND BANEFUL INFLUENCE AFFINITY ; THE EXTENSIVE GIVEN BY HIM TO CALUMNIATORS. AMPLE ; THE ENCOURAGEMENT

The KeeTiiamg

KING'S

In admiration and delight,

rapture

moves

\342\200\242

Whene'er

No grace can he withhold. To some confirms

he grants
the

To

some

new honours
old.

bright,

Both string and ends we And when we let the tension

From

we strongly

bend a bow,
near go,

us bring

So
extend,

us with
we
kith

when

4 The
Which

oaks their
With

brancheswide
roots

Our

show affection and kin to us

us

quick recoil they

deep,
aloof
by

spring.
law.

thick covered o'er, and trunk defend, And make them thrive the more. So do these princes service do,
leaves
the
thus

But when from them They shrinkfrom

2
When

we draw ; we keep,
nature's

Throughout the
The

Nor think
All
And

The charges to various regions

land, while
them

they given.

pursue

well they guard,

labour

You for their teacher To learn your ways

virtue 3 Brethrenwhose By bad examplestill

Suchcoldnessrules throughout
all

you,

0 king,

to kin are
men

cold,
the

land.

hold

needs no command.
stands

To aid the
blessings
now

they

any

Son of

hard,

the test,

Heaven.

on their
to court

heads collect.
they've brought

unchanged,

Their

Their ministerswho
Strong

both in act
is by the it should

nought

and thought.
fast, ; away

neglect,

But if their

Nor grow among The evil

And

generous

feelings manifest,
themselves

virtue weakly fails

to withstand,

estranged.

influence

The

boat Lest

rope held
float

Then selfishness
troubles
men

o'er love
rise on

every hand.
fine

prevails,

So

round

He

looks

The king'sprotective
on them
with

the princes

there is
stay. joy

cast
;

When

in

To hear their
Then And

disputations

consciences refuse,
rank

intense

He scans

His favours
territories

their merits to dispense

and

'gainst each

rewards.

He makes
Their

their happiness his charge ;

to enlarge,
he

If one a place of
And,

each other they repine, his special views. maintains

to
with

And scorn humility The others view him wrangling,

obtain, show,
disdain,
ruin

As

duty

regards.)

all to

go.))

272

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

[PART II.

VII.

X.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.

273)

colt
And

the
vainly

old horse
hastens
fit

So thinks the mean man,

Himself
for

deems himself, to the race ;

bent

And
The
And

so to
feudal
feel
whom

court our great sovereign's

lords

on pelf,

should oft resort,

the

Stuffed to the full, he still Nor own that he has had

He

highest

place.
shall feed,
enough.

But he

Is so uncertain

insatiate drinks, and with Knows not the time for

greed,

leaving off. ' 2

The

The way to climb We need no mud on

Whom

monkeys

by their

nature know

The nature

lying of

a tree, untaught. him to throw, in the mud we've caught. men all meaner
follow

His

That they his presenceshun. Near him alone I dare not go. to show, Were I at court myself And of his troubles take the charge,
calls That

blessed. supremely we all deemed in his nod,

a god

on me I should grow

would

be so be undone.
willow

large,

Luxuriant

the

Nor right, nor wrong the millions But imitate the sovereign's

Leads them to

and

obey.
ken,

Beneath their shadeone often sees crowds at ease reclined. Large

trees ;

So should
And

the

king

way. ;

to

his

court

7 The snow

falls

Hides with

But when the It soon will This fact, 0 king,

Not

Those men who calumnies diffuse, to themselves you leave, heeding, And indulgence they abuse. your
the before

fast, and all the ground white and clear its masses, sunbeams play around, and disappear. melt don't ; you perceive

But
Is

Their steps with willing mind. he, whom as a god we viewed, so uncertain in his mood,
they

his grace extend, the princes bend

That

dare

but court For me I should distress, If I alone wereto address to take his cares in hand ; Myself He would so much of me demand,

not appear.

I'd

live

in
now

constant
on

fear.
the

\316\271) \316\271

8 Yes, though I for the

Like
Away

snow lie drifted deep, the heat 'twill flow.

3 The

must king's neglect

Man

or Maou

those men

weep
will

;\342\200\224

Then spread their wings in suddenflight, And soar aloft to heaven ;

birds

trees

alight,

grow.)

So doesthe king his purpose

As

From

X.) NOBLE TELLS HOW OE DO ANYTHING FOE THE KING, AGAINST DOING SO.

His heart we cannot fathom well, Nor can we any moment tell

one thing to by his fancies

another range,
driven.

change,

I'

I)

\342\200\242 The Yuh IMPOSSIBLE AND

lew ;
IT

and metaphorical WAS TO APPROACH

OTHERS

allusive.

To what

he

will

SOME

WABNS

THE

1 The Who

willow trees is not glad

their

luxuriant

himself to
shade

grow.
throw ?) VOL.

The task why should I undertake, And vainly the endeavour make, His grievous troubles to redress? cause me sore distress, 'Twould only And lead.) to my misery
1\316\240.)

proceed.

Beneath

to rest

18)

\316\21

274)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAKT

II.)

BE VIII.

n.]

THE

BOOK

OF POETRY.

275)

Such officers and I see not, and my 4 With

Then

ladies now
Borrows

grow.

BOOK
THE

DECADE

OF

TOO

JEST

SZE.)

I'd
I.

The ladies' side-hair,with a swell, Like scorpion's tail, rose bold. Such,if I saw them in these days,
follow

fell, graceful Bweeptheir girdles in the days of old.

with

admiring

gaze.
show
;\342\200\224

5 So hung
To

PKAISE OF \316\244\316\240\316\225 LADIES AND GENTLE THE MEN OP A FORMEE, TIME FOE, THE SIMPLICITY OF THEIR DRESS, OF THEIB AND THE ELEGANCE CORRECTNESS OF THEIR DEPORTMENT,
narrative. MANNERS.

THE Toojinsze;

does not assign any time for the composition of this piece, but Choosays it was made '\302\267 after the confusion and dispersion.\" I think soon after the removal of the capital it should be referred to the period to Loh, when things were all in disorder at the new seat of government. It may lie said that the officers and ladies of Haou, in Yew's reign, did not deserve to be spoken of as the writer speaks ; but we need not sup pose that they are before his eye in anything deeper than their outward seeming. If this be not thought to satisfy the demands of the piece, we need only assume that the writer goes back to an earlier time than that in the royal of Yew. Yin and Keili were clan names of great families domain, the ladiesof which would be the leadersof fashion in the capital.
The Preface 1

I seek such manners And pine for them

own length 'twas due. 'Twas not by art the hair curled so ;\342\200\224 so it grew. By nature
their
now with

their girdles,not for

in vain, longing

pain.)

II.
A WIFE TELLS HER SORROW AND INCA Ts'ae lull; narrative. The IN THE PROLONGED PABILITY OF ATTENDING TO ANYTHING, ABSENCE OF HER HTJBBAND, TO WHOM SHE WAS FONDLY ATTACHED.
1 So full
Though

am I

of anxious thought,
arms

all the

In

the old
With

capital they stood,

fox-furs

Their manners
Speech

yellow

free from

All would 2 In

Could we go backto Chow's look up to them

all correctand good, vulgar etain.

old with

plain,

Like wisp all-tangledis my hair To wash it let me home repair. lord soon may I hail ! My

To fill

my

morn king-grass I fail.

I've sought,
!

days, praise.

Though

'mong

the

indigo

I've

wrought

The

morning

Their own thick hair let fall. Such simple ways are seen no more, I deplore. And the changed manners 3 Ear-stoppers, made of sezv-stones fine', In the old days were worn.

the old capital they wore T'ae hats and black caps small ; who famed surnames bore, And ladies,

Within

and The sixthhas come,

My skirt's filled bat in part. five days he was to appear.

he's

long,

through

anxious thought,
not

here.

Oh

\\

how

this

racks

my heart

When

here
hunt

If the
Or if

we dwelt his called

he

His bow I
to
His
fish

cased
went

in union sweet. eager feet,

for

him.

Each lady
A
Yin

a noble line seemed or Keih

of

And would
line

be absentall the day,

I put in

away,

born.)

trim.
18*))

276)

THE
What Well

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART II.)

\316\225\316\272 VIII.

iv.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

277

did he catch ? angling time it was to watch How and tench he took. bream Men throngedupon the banks and gazed ; At bream and tench they looked amazed, The triumphs of his hook.)
in

his

5 We

worth

the

did on plains and low lands We cleared the springs and

drain.
the Shaou

what
streams,

was meet ;
the

land

to

The earl of
And

announced

his work

king's

heart

reposed,
IV.

at rest again.)

complete,

The

Sili sang

allusive

and

narrative.

THE

WRITER

III.)
THE SEECELEBRATING VICE OF THE EABL OP \303\226HAO\303\234 IN BUILDING THE CITY OF SEAY, AND THE CHEEKFUL ALACRITY OF HIS SOLDIERS UNDER HIS MANAGEMENT.
meant

MIRATION

AND LOVE FOR SOME

MEN OF NOBLE

TELLS CHARACTER.

His AD

The SJioo

allusive and

narrative.

should be read together. the marquisate of Shin, in the as a bulwark against the en present department of Nan-yang, Ho-nan, croachmentsOf the tribes on the west and south, appointing its capital in the present Tang Chow at S\303\253ay, of the same department. This piece celebrates the expedition to whicli was entrusted the building of the city, of tho State. and the inauguration The name of the earl of Shaou,who was entrusted with its command, was Hoo, known as duke Muh of Shaou.) This
King

Seuen

piece and the fifth of Part III., established (B.c. 82(!\342\200\224781)

Book iii.,

in this piece to justify our regarding it as to be nothing to find in it Yew's the Preface and its supportersmanage keeping good men in obscurity, and the desire of the writer to see them that both this piece and the preceding are Choo is of opinion in office. at an early time, in the out of their proper place, through somemistake, of the pieces in this Part. arrangement

There seems
;

satirical

but

wet and low, both 1 Where liesthe ground The mulberry trees in beauty grow ;\342\200\224 sweet to see their clust'ring leaves. 'Tis

When I the princely men To tell the joy 'twere vain

2 Where

Such

pleasure

in

my

bosom

heaves,
;\342\200\224 descry to try.

1 As

toil So, when we southward marched with The earl of Shaou cheeredand inspired

Enriched,shoots up

the young millet, by the genial rain

luxuriant

and

tall,

and

The mulberry
\342\200\242\"Tis sweet

lies the ground both wet and low,

trees

in beauty

pain, us all.

to see

2 We

and our burdens bore ; pushed our barrows, We drove our and our oxen led. waggons, \"The work once done, our labour there is o'er, And home we travel,\" to ourselves we said.
round

the princely men behold;\342\200\224 Then does my heart its joy unfold. lies the ground both wet and low, Where The mulberry trees in beauty grow ;\342\200\224 to see their dark green leaves. 'Tis sweet
When I
When
At

Suchpleasurein

their glossy
my

leaves.

grow

;\342\200\224

bosom

heaves,

3 Close kept our footmen

\"

Our eager host in closebattalions sped. When once our work is done, then we Our labour over,\" to themselves they

the

chariot

track ;
go back,
said.

Such pleasurein my
those

bosom

heaves,

lights upon those men my eye ;\342\200\224 their grand fame my heart throbs high.
not

4 I cherish
Might

Hard

was the work we had at Seay to do, But Shaou's great earl the city soon upreared. The host its service gave with ardour true ;\342\200\224 in all the earl's commands appeared Such !) power

then be broken. of love might The charm The men shall dwell within my heart, Nor thencewith lapse of time depart.))

men in my heart.\342\200\224 my words my love impart ? words were once but spoken, the No ;\342\200\224if

278)

THE

BOOS

OF

POETEY.)

[PAKT

II.)

BE VIII.

vi.]
Men

THE

BOOK

OF POETET.

279

5 The
The
hwa ; \316\241\316\257\316\257\316\271

metaphorical.

THEWIFE

or

KING

YEW

So should
COMPLAINS

bells and drums insidethe court and hear ; without stand

the distinct
him

\316\237\316\223 BEING DEGRADED

AND FORSAKEN.

To

in my feelings appear.

breast,

All-sorrowful,
There is nothing in the piece itself to suggest this special reference of it to the queen of king Yew from the Han dynasty ; but downwards all the criticsLave concurred in this view of it. 1

But he vouchsafes
6

Longing

to move

I think of him, his love

no

;
;
rove. dam,
cries,

kind

response

The

fibres

of the
the
two

white-floweredrush
grass
go,

Are with So do the

white
together

bound.

His thoughts far from me The marabow stands on the And to repletion feeds ;

In closest union found. And thus man and wife should in one ; The twain combined

The crane deep in the forest

Nor

finds the
room

food it needs.
concubine
is placed banishment

abide,

Soin my

the

But this bad man sends me away, And bids me dwell alone.

By the great man cruel While I with Am cast out and

With

disgraced.
the

Both

rush

and

The genial dew

Kind But This

grass

from the

bright clouds

7 The Yellow duckssit on

dam,

partake.

No odiousdifference Events are often

man, providence

and impartial,

nature's laws
make.

So on
And

left wing gathered low ; do they lean, other each

their

attachment

show.

appears unkind ;
hard.

Denies me his regard.

to principle untrue,
the

And love should thus the man and wife In closest concord bind ; man turns away from me, that But a fickle mind. And shows

Northward

To flood each paddy field ; So get the fields the sap they need, Their store of rice to yield. But that great man no deed of grace
My songs are sighs. At thought My heart aches wearily.

pools

their

waters send,

When No

one higher

stands than

Nothing is
Low

addedto

on a slab of the ground,

his

stone,
;\342\200\224

with

the stone

he's found.
mean

height

So doesthe favourite's

estate

Deigns

to

bestow

on me. of

him

that great man mean, Render I by him, to distancesent, While with sorrow keen.) Am pierced

4 The mulberry

branches

And use their food to cook. But I must use a furnace small, That pot nor pan will brook. So me that great man treats, badly Nor uses as his wife,

they

collect,
VI.

The IN AN EXPEDITION, AND TREATED BY HIS SUPERIORS. Choo regards \" critic, is put

Meen man ;

allusive.

SOME INFERIOR OF THE NEGLECT

COMPLAINS

WITH

OF HIS WHICH HE

TOIL WAS

Degrades me from
And fills
with

my grief

proper place, my life.)

the piece as all into the mouth

metaphorical. of an oriole,

\"

and the lines

The whole case,\" says a flow naturally)

\316\271 I I))

'280)

THE
easily ;\342\200\224metaphorically,

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

[PART

II.)

VIII.

VIII.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

281)

of metaphor, ex appearance not think that in the last four lines we have a man longing for some one in whom he could trust for help ;\342\200\224they are the thoughts of the bird to that effect.\" But if the writer chose to put the expression of his sentiments into the mouth of a have made it talk like a bird ;\342\200\224as bird, he would in I. xv. II. Choo'a better here deserted him. judgment See the use Confucius makes of a couple of the lines in \" the Great iii. 2. Learning,\" Commeutary, without

and

the

pressingthe

object

of the writer.

We must

VIL

The Hoo
GAL,

WHERE THE PROVISIONS ARE MOST FEUyeli ; narrative. MAY YET BE PRESERVED. ALL THE RULES OF POLITE INTERCOURSE

Twitters
Where

fast the oriole,

yonder

bends

the mound.

Over the frugal meal described, the parties in the writer's eye would be as ceremonious as at a grand feast. First, the host pours out a cup of Then he \303\216lls his spirits, and tastes them to be assured a they are good. and have a cup drink, cup, and presents it to the guests. The guests the host has the cups of the guests which the host drinks. Lastly, filled, filled, and they cause his to be filled, and they all drink to one another. 1 A

The happy little creature

So have
And

Its restingplace has found. not I. The journey'slength

toil

And teach
Along

Give me to eat ;
my

weary

o'ertask
give

me

mind

Then bid a baggage cart prepare

the

the

my strength. to drink ; way to think.

But the
Pours 2 A

few gourd leaves that waved Cut down and boiled;\342\200\224the

about
feast

how
rare.

goodhost his spirits takes, out a cup, and provesthem

on the
cup of
mat,

spare

single rabbit
Or

route

myself
the

to bear.

But the
And
mound

baked,

2 Twitters fast
Where
The
So

fills the

goodhost his spirits

every

or roast

small :\342\200\224how takes, guest.

the

feast

oriole,
:

Unable to
Give

Fromthe long way,

Its restingplacehas found. have not I. I dare not shrink

but

happy

shows its edge the little creature

3 A

single rabbit
Roasted

on the

mat,

or broiled

But the guests from the spirit vase Fill their host's cup, and drink his weal.
think,

:\342\200\224how poor

the

meal !

And
Then

hold on, I'll sink. me to drink ; and give me food ; teach my mind the thing that's good.
bid

trembling

Along the route

3

a baggage

cart prepare
to

we think ! Boasted or baked :\342\200\224no feast But from the spirit vase they take, Both host and guests, and joyous drink.)

single

rabbit

on the

mat,

myself

bear.
VIIL

Twitters
Where

fast the oriole,

spreads

its

Its restingplacehas found. not I. I dare not shrink From the longway, but trembling think, Before we reach the end, I'll sink.
So

The happy little creature

have

side the

mound.

THE HARD The Ts\303\253en-is\303\253cn che s\303\254ai\303\254i COMMEMORATING ; narrative. TO THE EAST, AGGRA SHIPS OF A LONG AND DIFFICULT EXPEDITION VATED BY GREAT BAD\303\215S. 1

How
With

high
awe

Give

And
Then

Along the route myself to bear.)

me to drink ; to food invite ; tell my mind the thing that's a baggage bid cart prepare

right.

Our way through Toilsome the

Eastward

those frowning rocks fill the mind. they

streams,
march

arise !
mountains

o'er
find.

lies ;

we

Nor has our chief one hour'srepose))

our expedition

goes,

282)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART II.)

BK VIII.

X.]
Every

THE

BOOK

OF POETET.

283))

2 Those frowning
And
fill

rocks

the

heights

surmount,
count

the

mind

with

dread.
;-

2 Black

is every plant
man

Nor thinks he of our drawing 3 Look at the swine, with legs Washed by the pools from
The He
No

O'er hills, through streams,our steps we When shall our march be sped ? on the track, hastens warrior Our
back.
all white,
stain !

is torn
our

from home.
is

become;

Kept on foot,
As

state

if we

no feelings
we
so

had !
! desolate
fate.

sad;\342\200\224

Not

rhinoceroses

Fieldslike
Are to

Tigers

do we
these

care to be ?

moon

wades through
heavier

Foretelling

the Hyads bright,

us a hateful

rain.

at whose word leisure has for

we eastwardfare other care.)

foxes pleased may hide 4 Long-tailed the grass, where they abide. 'Mong in box-carts slowly borne, We, mourn.) and On the plod

great roads

IX. .
The

T'eaou

eke hwa ;

metaphorical.

SIISEBY AMIDST THE KINGDOM.

1

AND IN CONSEQUENCE

HIS THE WRITER LAMENTS DECAY OF OF THE GENERAL

Deep And

The bignonia flowers

my wounded
are

yellow

are turned
;

heart
;

Its sorrow outpours.

2 The flowers
Than

But green leaves are seen.

this

all gone

fate

have

Better not to have

3

known,
been !

In fish
Ewes

traps but stars

thin,

!
head !
food,

with

While some may

Most

large
have

languish,

ill fed.)

X.
MURMURING

and narrative. THE MISERY AND limang ; allusive EMPLOYED ON EXPEDITIONARY OF SOLDIERS CONSTANTLY SEEVICES, AND TREATED WITHOUT ANY CONSIDERATION.
The

So

ts'aoupuh

1 Yellow
All

now is
days
move

the

On the

Hard work,

in marching pass. is every man ; far and near, they plan.)

all the grass ;

\316\225\316\272 \316\231. \316\271.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

285)

1 The

royal Wan now rests on high, Enshrined in brightness of the sky. Chow as a state had long beenknown, And Heaven's decree at last was shown. Its lordshad borne a glorious name ; King Wan ruled well when earth he trod ; Now moves his spirit near to God.

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

God kinged them

when

the

season

came.

2
PART
GEEATEE

A And

III.)
THE
KINGDOM.

strong-willed, his still

ODES

OF

The gifts that now. Belong to Wan's descendants

Heaven

earnest king was Wan, fame rolls widening on. on Chow God bestowed

blesses

BOOK
TITLE

I.

Decade
Little

of King be added
\" \"greater

Wan.
here to is given

said
because of

on the

OF THE PAKT. title of Part

needs to

IL

The term

of their greater length, and the themes of several of them being a more exalted kind,\342\200\224the and virtues of the ancestorsof the history House of Chow, and of the founders of the dynasty. The first eighteen pieces are \"the correct Ya,\" and are attributed to the duke of Chow. TITLE OF THE BOOK. As in the last Part, the odes should be arranged in tens ; and each Decade takes its name from that of the first ode in it. In this Book Wan is mainly the subject of the first eight pieces,and in the other two.) king Woo is more prominent

what I have to the pieces

The hundred scionsof his line ; And all the officers of Chow From age to age more lustrousgrow.

still with gifts

divine

More All And

Instrous reverent brilliant

still

from age to

their plans statesmen

To

They springlikeproducts
The

this

much-favoured by whom

zeal engage ; owe their birth spot of earth.

of

age,

the

land,\342\200\224

men

Such
That

aid
Wan

the realm doth stand. their numerous bands supply, on high. rests tranquilly
sustained
rays.

I.

The Wan rcang ; narrative. CELEBRATING KING WAN, DEAD AND OF THE DYNASTY OF CHOW, SHOWING ALIVE, AS THE FOUNDER HOW HIS VIRTUES DEEW TO HIM THE FAVOURING REGARD OF HEAVEN, MADE HIM A BRIGHT AXI) PATTERN TO HIS DESCENDANTS AND THEIR
MINISTEES.

4 Deep were Wan's thoughts, His reverencelit its trembling

Resistless
The

his ways ;

came
Shang

The sons of

great Heaven's
must

bend

the knee

decree;
;\342\200\224

It is to'be borne in mind that in this and other pieces Wan is spoken as \" king Wan,\" as having been kinged by the duke of Chow after the subjugation of tile Yin or Shang when Woo, W\303\244n's dynasty, son, in \" his old age received the appointment to the throne ;\342\200\224see The Doctrine of the Mean,\" XVIII. 3. Wan never assumed the title of king himself. The appointment of Heaven lighted on him, but it took effect only when his son Fah\342\200\224king Woo\342\200\224becamethe sovereign of China. The dynasty which Chow superseded is called indifferently Yin or
of

In
The

sons
numbers

of Shang,
beyond

each one a
numbering.

king,

Yet as

God spoke, so must it be :\342\200\224 sons of Shang all bent the knee.
each

Now

So
When

dark

Shang, and sometimes Yin-shang, of these names. by a, combination The descendants of its kings, appearing at the court of Chow,assisted at the sacrifices of the king in his ancestral temple, and continued to wear the insignia of rank belonging to them as of the royal House of Yin.)

The offieers
Such

to Chow his homage pays,\342\200\224 and changing are Heaven's ways. we pour our libations here,
of

Quick and
is the

alert to

Sbang
give

appear,
their
aid;\342\200\224 paid,))

service by them

286)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAET III.)

\316\222\316\272 \316\231.

n.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.) below,

287)

While still, they do not cast aside The cap and broideredaxe,\342\200\224their Ye servants of our line of kings,

pride.

1 Majestic Heaven from That they illustrious

With

virtue show,
law

kings

Hemember him
this

strictest

from from

whom whom Heaven's blessing

it springs.
;\342\200\224

They must
Nor

6 Remember him
Let

think

So shall you
Ere Shang

Seek harmony
monarchs

give to your
with surest

virtue wings.
great find.

it springs

mind ;-

Its

had lost the nation's heart,

all

The Houseof Yin long ruled the land, Called to the throne command. by Heaven's it driven, But its last monarch, from Lost by supreme decreeof Heaven

not on its gracerely, that they can change defy.

requires.

with

God had
you

The kingdom
the

of

his

sires.

In sacrifice. From them

to keep

part
see

\342\200\242\"Tis hard

high Heaven's

decree.

2 What time in
Among

Chow ruled our king Ke,

of Che,
of

7 'Tis hard to keep high Heaven's decree ! O sin not, or you cease to be. To add true lustre to your name, See Shang expire in Heaven's dread flame. Heaven's For hjgh dealings are profound, And far transcend all sense and sound. From Wan your pattern you must draw,
And

In the

princesses
domain

The second
Had Her
And

daughter of her name the land a noble fame. through from her parents Ke had sought, to his capital he brought,
And

Yin,

wedded

They both
No
A

all

the

States

will own your law.)

mother

duty left undone. soon the wife became

king

could perfect virtue

her,

T'ae-jin.
claim,

The child was our

II.
Ta ming ; narrative. THE APPOINTMENT How OP HEAVEN BESTED ON KING WAN, AND DESCENDED TO HIS SON, KINO WOO, WHO OVERTHREW THE DYNASTY OF YlN OK SHANG ;\342\200\224\342\200\224CELEBRATING ALSO THE MOTHER AND THE WIPE OP WAN.
The

Wan.

3 This

Did
With
Who,

our king
watchful

Wan

in

reverence

I shall speak particularly On ode VII. He married, here tells us, a Jiu, the second daughter of the prince of Che, a somewhere in the royal domain of Tin. Chinesewriters principality celebrate the highest tenns, saying that her instruction her\342\200\224T'ae-jin\342\200\224in of Wan commenced white he was yet in her womb. \" Her eyes looked on no improper sijrht ; her ears listened to no licentious sound ; and her lips uttered no word of pride.\" W\303\244n's own wife was the famous T'ae-sze,of the State of Sin, north of the river H\303\253ah. in the present district of Hoh-yang, in T'ung Chow, Shen-se. The principal city must have been near the Wei. The wild or plain of Muh, where the deciding battle between Chow and Shang was fought, was iu the present Ho-nau, not far from the capi tal of Shaug. Of Shang-foo, who appears to have been \\Ybo's principal officer and supporteron the occasion, I have spoken in the introductory note to the Odesof Ts'e,Part I.) Of
father W\303\244n's as st. 2

His virtue no
But

clearest wisdom serving God, to see the course he trod, pleased Him with favour crowned. great
deflection

all his way display,

With loyal
Wan

The States beheld,and all approved ardour stirred and moved,

as their
the should To
Throughout

always

to the right

was true.

knew,

Head they owned.

Whom

While

he

Wan was who

By Heaven'sarrangingthere appears
She

Heaven sent its glance ; the throne advance ? came the decree. still in early years,
land it to

his bride

should

be.))

288) North

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT

\316\231\316\240.)

\316\231. \316\225\316\272 \317\200\316\271.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETET.)

289)

of the Heah, on Wei, she shone, The child of a great House. Then Wan, to years of manhood grown,

Tendered
5

to her

his vows.

Like
Was

a fair
she

to whom

The gifts he sent weredeemedcomplete, And to the Wei, his bride to meet,
Our

denizen of Heaven those vows were given.

in person

Shang-foo was ever near the king, Whose heart was thus made strong. Yin's troops gave way, first charge At the
And

Each team of steeds,black-maned all obstacles made way. Against on the wing, Like mighty eagle

and

bay,

took

That morn a
Displaced

to shameful flight.
brilliant

long and

day

Wan

A bridge
He
She

made,
crossed

Great

was

And^lorious the event

6

stream the of boats across as did her state beseem. ; to Chow they held their the glory of the day,
!

went.

the previous
in.

night.

^)

way.

Heaven
And

thus
Wan

to all

While

Sin's eldest daughter was

Whom
And
And

its grand appointment the land displayed, still he ruled in Fung.

the

made,

BEGINNINGS THE SMALL and narrative. ITS REMOVAL OF THE HOUSE OP CHOW. SETTLEMENT IN CHOW, DOWN TO AND FEOM PIN UNDER T'AN-POO, WAN. THE TIME OP KINt\303\254

The Meen

metaphorical

AND

SUBSEQUENT

GROWTH

Heaven kept and

Its

HeavOn prepared to blesshis life, his virtuous mother's place. take Heaven soon gave them further grace ; 'Twas from them king Woo sprung.

wife,

helped the child, until

to him
forth

summons
marched

came.
to do

Then Woo
Smote

Yin,

and won
leaves,
utmost

its will, his fame.

Yin's
coasts,

The gradual rise of the House of Chow has been adverted to in the notes it is there stated, removed with his tribe the title of Part I. T'an-foo, from Pin to the plain of Chow in B.C. 1325 ; and we have here an eloquent the new settlement. . Duke account of his labours in founding Lew, the previous settlement of the tribe in Pin, in B.C. to whom is ascribed 1796, is celebrated in the second Book of this Part ; but what we read with the in the first stanza of this piece,is not reconcileable of T'an-foo, accountsof his distant predecessor, nor with the sketch of life in Pin in I. xv. I. in which T'an-foo moved from Pin, see a graphic Of the circumstances His wife was a K\303\253ang. She is called in Mencius, I. ii. XV. account \" K'e, called also Pillar of the T'ae-k\303\253ang, and also Chow k\303\253ang. Mount the district city of K'e-shan. department is 10 le north-east from Sky,\"
on

as forest 7 Countless Collected from its

Were
I\302\273)

hosts,

famous plain, all in vain. To meet king Woo ;\342\200\224but Chow to the crisis rose.
marshalled

in Muh's

and progress in erecting the 5 to 7 describe the processes Stanzas of the new settlement,\342\200\224under the direction of a Superintendent buildings and a Minister of Instruction. Out of these two appointments, of Works, are described in the Bookof no doubt, grew the ministers whosefunctions It is interesting to observe that the and the Ritual of Chow. History first public building taken in hand was the ancestral temple. The chief before he made a palace \342\200\242would make a home for the Spirits of his fathers
for

Fung-ts'\303\253ang.

Woo

viewed

their

multitudes
soon

words But Shang-foo's \"

With

you
Him

is God ; your
all

With

The pride of
8 Vast
That

as helper,

we shall
our

doubts dispel.

gave

with fear, him cheer :

quell
car,
war,

foes.\"

brightly
Dashed

was the plain. Each sandal shone amidst the

rapidly

The story of the chiefs of Joo and Stanza 8 brings us to king Wan. had a quarrel about Juy, two States on the east of the Ho, is this :\342\200\224They to which each of them laid claim. someterritory They went to lay the matter before the lord of Chow ; and as soon as they entered his State, the furrow, and travellers yielding yielding readily they saw the ploughers avoided one another on while men and women the path, to one another, When they the road, and none of the old people had burdens to carry. got to his court, they bebeldthe officers of each inferior grade giving place to those above them. All this made them ashamed of their own quarrel.
VOL.

himself.

along.)

III.

19))

290)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET III.)

BK

I. iv.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.)

291)

to let the disputed ground agreed without presuming to appear withdrew, more it is said that was noised abroad, submissionto Chow.
They

be an open territory, and they When this affair before Wan. than forty States tendered their

At once, five
The

drum

unheard

thousand cubitslong,theserise, amidst the toilers' cries.

built.

7 The palacenext they

Its

outer

gate

1 As grow

stem, the gourds, with ever1 length'ning From elder sires sprang ours, as we from them. Wlien first by Ts'eu and Ts'eih our people grew, And o'er them ruled the ancient duke T'an-foo, Therekiln-likehuts and caves for them he made, Ere any house its walls and roof displayed.

Arose with lofty and imposing state. The inner portal of the court they reared, hard With massive pomp. Anon, by, appeared The altar for the Spirits of the land, should the State's greatest movements Where
planned.

be

came with the morn, T'an-foo duke 2 The ancient In car along the westernrivers borne,
Nor

mount Kfe. he reached stayed his steeds, until The lady Keang came in his company. With eyes they travelled o'er the ground, eager To find a site on which a town to found.

not tame, 8 Thus though his foeman's rage he could T'an-foo preserved and left a noblefame. the oaks and thorns were cleared In time away, for travellers opened to the day. roads And The savage hordes of Keun all disappeared, and trembling at the name they feared.

of Chow, with violets And sonchus plants found s\\veet

The

plain

o'erspread on such

Lay wide and rich. Heaskedhis men their mind, divined. And by the scorched tortoise-shell \" is the time and here ! Now Both answer gave :\342\200\224\" homes began to rear. their His followers straight
them 4 He cheered On

a bed,

Panting, 9 Then came king Wan, The chiefs of Joo and

and

stirred

to nobler

life

came Some
And

Somesought Some,led by
some,

Juy, who ceased their strife. whom yet they had not seen ; our prince, who at his court had been those
dreaded

who

who

knew he

screened the weakfrom

IV.

his

avenging

arm ;

harm.)

on, and placed them on the land, their different sites he planned. and small, soon marked the plain, Divisions, large or to irrigate or drain. And channels, From east to west the acres he defined ; Nought that was needed 'scaped his active mind. left

and

right

The Yih p'oh : allusive aud INFLUENCE, CELEBRATING HIS ACTIVITY,

narrative.

IN
AND

PKAISE OF
CAPACITY

KING WAN, TO BULB.

5 He named O'er all

two these

officers labours,

Theseto directthe

rise the many walls. True to the plummet till they stand the bind frame-boards, They And rear th' ancestral temple in its might.

who should preside and the people guide. he calls ; work building
aright,

\" and king,\" in prince the lord of Chow,here called out the libations in ministers his pouring his ancestral temple, assisted by to the spirits of the departed. The handle of the king or lord's libation or obelisk-like symbol of jade ; that of a cup was a complete ktvel, of such a symbol, divided longitudinally. minister was the half of Shen-se, flowing into the Wei in the The King is a famous river \" Six hosts \" is an exaggeration, I. iii. X. 3. district of Kaou-ling ;\342\200\224see Head of the House of Chow before of the used not be and could properly

In st. 2 we

have

king Woo.

Abundant A

With Which

earth then

There
And

with
trim

blows responsive and pare until the

in baskets crowding workmen came, with shouts they cast into the frame.

walls are sound.)

the earth they

pound,

both yielding large supplies burn or store. our prince and king shone In graceand grandeur all left and haste, and to him cling, From right As bent from him to part no more.
mass

grow

the

oaks,

and round them

rise ;

of shrubs,
firewood,

Of

or to

19*))

292)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT III.)

BK I.

vi.])

THE

BOOK OF POETET.)
of

293)

2 In
At

grace and
sacrifice

grandeur

shone

our prince
half

Their cups, eachhandle Solemn aud grave, on left a And pour libations with
Well

his

ministers

all bring
a mace.

and king.
stand,
;\342\200\224

2 From

the large cup

our

jade

Self-possessionand ease
Did

Fragrant

spirits down flow.

ever show.
descend end

do such King

Upon As

the to

their

oars
them

His

So marched our king in his avengingwrath, six hosts swiftly following on his path ;\342\200\224 his plans fail to succeed ? could How
way

Impel

service grace ! the boats are borne along, the rowers bend, and strong
men the
to

they right hand reverent

and

Could there but on him

Hank

prince

and blessing
Fishes Did

without

3 Up

their

utmost

speed.

and Self-possession

to heaven flies the hawk ; spring in the deep.

ease

Grand the
As those

our prince
influence

ever keep.

virtues he
vessel

! displayed

he

shed,

4 The Milky
With

reveals

its span on

light Men

and view

beauty it with

brighfning

high, all the

4 In
The

the

sky;\342\200\224

How his
red

spirits shine clear!

is ready,
views

behold

Long lived the king, the land, Throughout The gloriousissuesof

5 The

admiring gaze. and lasting influence shed where his great son displayed
his

bull

Nor the knife Thus he paid the

Brighter

with

fear.

sacredrite,
to invite thickly

ways. and

blessing shrubs

By graver's toolsare still

With

vessels, formed of
grace
were

metal more

their

worth is thus

of jade, made precious

5 Oaksand
;\342\200\224

Which for
In

firewoodmen hew.
ease

grow,

combined.

and Self-possession him Spirits cheered

East, west,north,

Unceasing

the

The reverent

labours of our king ; his laws and rules shall south, of each mind.) homage

our prince

all could view.

in secret

bring

his

course,
force.

Nerving
6 How
Hound

him

with

the creepers closetwine

the

V.

branches
ease

and stems
gems.

IN PEAISE and narrative. The San luh ; allusive AND KING WAN, BLESSED BY HIS ANCESTORS, OP HIS OWN. DIGNITY WITHOUT SEEKING HIGHEST
or We know

OF THE VIRTUE TO THE RAISED

and Self-possession

Robed Happiness

The connexion nothing of the situation of the Han hill. as what is others this and the allusive lines :\342\200\224that, the between generally to them, so were W\303\244n's is predicated of the things spoken of was natural to his distinction and advancement. natural qualities favourable

Nor by

crookedways

our prince as with increased unsought,

was

bought.)

VI.

1 Hound the foot of mount Han Grow the hazel and thorn.
and Self-possession

The Sze-cJiae ;

narrative. WITH

WONDERFUL EFFECTS; AND WIFE. MOTHER

THE VIRTUE OF KING WAN THE EXCELLENT CHARACTER

AND

ITS

OF

HIS

ease

Did

our monarch

adorn.
of place, their grace.)

We are not

ten, we
fulness

to suppose are told ; and her

that T'ae-szehad

herself

freedom from
all

Striving for his height These around him threw

of tie

harem, that

the sons

so jealousy born in it are

100 sons. She had encouraged the fruitascribed to her. See

on

I.i.V.))

294) 1

THE Tfae-jin

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART

\316\240\316\231.)

I.

VII.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

295)

wife, Fit was she for his father's And well she loved Chow Keang. her fame ; inherited T'ae-sze sons there came. an hundred her Through

From whom

was pure,
our

of rev'rent life,
king

Wan

sprang.

Wan

formed

himself
their

Nor gave
To

upon
Spirits

his sires,
pain. inspires

Well pleased His wife.

follow

The chiefs
3 In

were they. - Next he His brethren fain In every State were.

on

his

example

wait.

rev'rent In fane, with Unseen by man, he felt

palaceseehim,\342\200\224bland,

serene

fear. seen

still

Unweariedly did he maintain

His

By Spirits
virtue

always near.
and free
from

pure,
he

stain.

known as T'aeThere was an elder brother, of Ke. is the meaning The old chief, however, was pih, who ought to have succeededto T'ae. of Ch'ang\342\200\224afterwards with the precocious virtues BO charmed king the State to fall to Ke, and Wan\342\200\224the young child of Ke, that he wished through him by and by to Ch'ang. This could not have been if T'ae-pih would never have con had remained in Chow. brother, Ke, his younger sented to take his place. wishes, T'ae-pih on this, seeing their father's settled with his second brother, and fled from Chow altogether,along the State of Woo, far of what was afterwards among the rude people Thus the way was opened away in the south and east of the country. Wan to take effect, and Ke so con for the purpose of God concerning himself as to make the act of T'ae-pih appear in its true glory. ducted as lord to his father In st. 5 we come to Wan, who has now succeeded the present Tsing-ning Meili was a State ruled by K'eihs,\342\200\224in of Chow. to Yuen was a State adjacent P'ing-l\303\253ang, Kan-suh. Chow,department in it. Meih, and Kung must have been a place or district of Meih, Wan made a tem It would appear that after the subjugation he moved city, but the place to which porary change of his principal could not be far from king T'ae's first settlement in Chow. of Ts'ung, the marquis of Stanzas 7 and 8 describe his subjugation had slandered him to the king of we are told by Sze-ma Ts'\303\253en, which, Shang, who threw him into prison. By and by he was re-instated in his position as president of the Statesof the West, with more than his former powers, and proceededto deal with the State of Ts'ung as is here described.)

4 Some
Which

great calamities
could

there came,
1

not control.

aim But none his generous blame, might darken his bright soul. Nought he ever saw ; the right Untaught, not, Reproof he needed

Oh ! great

nor

law.

Scauning For one whose rule The earlier lines of

And

is God. His our regions with

glance on
severe

earth

He

bent,

intent

5 Grown

men

through

him

Aye to himself
Nor To him

Young men

attainments

in virtue made.
true,

grew ;

our princewas
displayed.

weariness

His officersacquiredgreatfame ; they owed their deathlessname.)

VII.

the States was searching still. He therefore 'mong Searchingfor one in whom He could confide. turned From the great States He westward aside, And there a place did for our House provide.

ruling,

ruled

content. the peopleshould had practisedill, kings not after God's just will.

2 T'ae then
And

was chief,
the

who

made

wild nature

cleared

forest

of the

op SHOWING THE UISE OF THE HOUSE The Emang e; narrative. THROUGH THE EAVOUK OF THE KINGDOM CHOW TO THE SOVEREIGNTY OE KING T'AE, KING KE, THE CASES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF GOD. ESPECIALLY A\303\234D
OE

KING

WAN.

who was kinged under this style by the duke of King T'ae is T'an-foo, of his settlement in K'e-chow, and stanzas 1 and 2 are descriptive Ke was T'ae's third eon ;\342\200\224that) the country. and labours in clearing
Chow,

by him. Impervious tracts grew pervious and rows ; He felled and dressed the bosky clumps willow the He drained the marsheswhere grows ; He thinned the mulberries, risingthick and close. had When this wise chieftain Godto Chow given, driven terror fled hordes Kwan ; The by away, wife T'ae got from Heaven.)) the And sons came from

rotting limb.

trim,

296)

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.)

III.) [\316\241\316\224\316\225\316\244

BE I.
The
Or

viii.])

THE

BOOK OF

FOETEY.)

297)

3 God
And
Paths

The State thus

And

looked upon the hills where T'ae the oak shrubs had thinned, and lo ! therebroke thorny the firs, that human feet through bespoke.
founded,

God

he

T/ae's

through
was

son

T'ae-pih's Ke, whose

A younger brother'sheart within him ; glowed He to his elder rendered all he owed, And when lie fled, a patriot's heart Ke showed. So through his course his brother's flight appeared With Head of the name, Ke reared glory crowned.
The

the king, prepared flight from Ke shall spring. praises now I sing.

no forces on our hills, drink our springs and rills, Nor touch the pools that trickling brooklet fills. South of the K'e, and near the Wei, Wan saw draw. Large plains, to which the masses he could There now he dwelt, and to the States gave law.
high

foe conld plant or low, nor

7 God

Not blatant-tongued, nor flashed Not seeking fickle change,or rude

All unpremeditate, It leads you to
A

spake to Wan,

\"

I love

your virtue wise

before

men's

eyes,

emprize. art,

throne

to which

Chow's

way

ere

long

was cleared.

4 Gifted was Ke by God with wisdom high. His judgments true drew on him every eye ; With silent growth his fame spreadfar and nigh. Most keen, most wise, to yield or to command. And sway to exercise throughout the land.

pattern

king,\342\200\224accordingto
\"

enact the noblestpart,

Straight

and free

from

God's heart.\"

God spaketo Wan,

And

ladders

The walls of

take,
Ts'ung,

and engines and there

with your

to bring low defeat the foe.\"

brethren go ;

He was 'twixt king and His son, king Wan, could

virtue him

chief

a powerful

band.

8 The warlike enginesgently

Against
the\"

walls

all his

honours

With On

pure,

and

on his

beyond

the reach of blame. sons God's blessingcame.

thou

claim,

Hopingthe foe
ears

first they ply, of Ts'ung, walls broad and not their power defy. would

high,

Captives for

God Whose

spake aim

to Wan, \" Be now flies to

not like
that

facile wills obey each wind that blows.\" So grandly clomb he to fair virtue's height. When rebel Meih dared to disputehis might, And dared to challenge this great land to fight
Whose
They
Then And

this, to

to those,
goes,

now

they wake the foe's relenting thought. life With the same object,\342\200\224human to spare, To God, and to war's Sire, Wan sought by prayer Who should resistance dare ? sacrifice. And
So

The left

question,

one

of

the slain

by one, were brought ; were slowly sought :\342\200\224

would

entered
rose sent

the his

Yuen, and against Kung conspire. king, majestic in his ire, troops to make the foe retire ;
Chow, rise

His power,
And,

as all expected, to
might

On which 6
Calm

strength'ning

an universal

a deep

display,

their force against its bulwarks strong, the troops were hurled, one eager throng. its walls, and quenched its rites in blood. Wan razed The eye could scarcely tell where once it stood. all feared his wrathful the mood.) land, Throughout
With all At which VIII. The Ling

But Ts'ung

heldout. The engines moved

along

foundation lay, sway.

t'ae;
narrative.

in

his

His troops

capital,
from

the king
Yuen valiantly

abode.
held on their they strode.)

utmost right

O'er

road ;

ING OPULENCE

AND

DIGNITY OF

THE JOT OP THE PEOPLE WAN. KING

when

IN THE GROW

lofty

hills

to the time This piece must be referred moved his capital to Fung, after the overthrow

the lord of Chow had of Ts'uug, i.e., to 1135,))

B.c.

298)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)
\"

[PART
The wondrous are all famous

III.) tower,\"
in Chi

BE I.
2

x.])
Yes,

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

299)

Chinese common chronology. \" park,\" and the wondrous pond,\" what Mencius says ahout them, nese hooks ;\342\200\224see

according
\"the

to the

Woo

to follow them
his

wondrous

I. i.

II.

To imitate

was given.

1 When

his wondrous tower began, to build Wan Of all its plan a scheme he drew. the people To do the work,in crowds ran, And as by magic, lo ! it grew. \" said the king, Be not in haste : \"\342\200\224so kindly would But all as to a father bring. help
in his wondrous park, king was walking Where lay the does,all sleekand clean.

And to obey the will of Heaven, He ardently desires. Through all his course this aim

sires,

And this the

3

endured,

people'strust

secured.

Yes, Woo
And

Of

gave

secured the people'sfaith, to all the law

which

filial

2 The

'Twas
And Then

sweet
see to

To

view

to him their restfulness to mark, white birds' glistening sheen. his wondrous pond he took his way, the fish their bounding life display.
the

Shining in him they saw. Such piety possessed his mind ; did he leave behind. Such pattern

duty,

till death

Thus

the

one in
aim were

The
They

king,
saw

3 Eight

in the middle of a circling pool, His hall, the place of joy, he reared. full. For music there he made provision carved 'Twixt pillars finely appeared with tops of finest tracery, Face-boards, free. 'Neath which large drums and bellswerehanging
On Of

Suchsons to
filial

man was Woo,\342\200\224the whom all did love. him the pattern son ;
be they strove. in him bright shone

One,

The

In him

seen

the dead

and gone.

5 In Woo his sires The kings that

Continuing

were
from shall

thus brought
him

back.

these lizard

the

skin

blind musicians did the drums were

their part. made.

in his

steps to walk,
bring,

spring,

Upon themselves
myriad Through The blessing of

consummate art ; The eyelessmen displayed In perfect unison played. they hall. the The music loud resounded through !) enthral What rapture did the festive throng

still years, to Chow impartial Heaven.

given,

Ah

And men their names shall bless.

from

yes,

Heaven's

blessing

will descend,

Thousands

Chow's

remotest

IX.)
IN PRAISE or KING Woo, WALKING IN The Hca tvoo ; narrative. PIETY SECURING AND BY HIS FILIAL THE WAYS OF HIS FOREFATHERS, TO HIMSELF AND HIS POSTERITY. THE THRONE

Nor helpersfail,

Their sway

Their praises shall express.

through strong

end,

years shall last, myriad and fast.) friends

Kings
And

die in
in

Chow, and
footsteps

others rise,
tread.
wise ;

X
is allu ; narrative to the last stanza, which tvang yew \302\277hing HOW THE KING Woo : \342\200\224 OF KING WAN AND TO SECURE THE PROWESS ONLY DISPLAYED HIS MILITARY FORMER IN THE HOW THIS APPEARED OF THE PEOPLE ; TRANQUILLITY HOW THE LATTER CITY ; AND OP FUNG AS HIS CAPITAL BUILDING OF THE OF HAOU, INTO THE SOVEREIGNTY EKTERED. IN HIS CAPITAL GOOD WILL OF ALL THE PEOPLE.)) WETH THE SINCERE KINGDOM
The

Wan

their

Three had there been,and all were dead. And still they ruled, though Tfae, Ke, and Wan were all in heaven, When to follow them was given.) Woo

sive.

THE PBAISE

300)
W\303\244n's capital

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

III.) [\316\241\316\224\316\225\316\244

I. X.]
And
Woo

THE

BOOK
I

OP

POETRT.

301)

of Fung was, probably, what had heen the chief city of mentioned in odeVII. The Fung water lay between and Woe's capital of Haou having the former on the west, and Fung the latter on the east. Haou was a new city, built by Woo, and hence we have the account of his divining about the site and the undertaking, while nothing of the sort is related of Wan in regard to Fung.

the State of

Ts'ung,

to Fung
their

And our

king was a sovereign true !

Haou

king

the States came, to declare j

Woo

Then

to

Ol\303\255 ! the

Shall for
For the
How And

praise
ever

of king
endure.

Wan sure.

And the
There

removed,
1

pool-circled hall
all.

he

people he sought,
their

of The submission

built,

and received

I))

rest

his

work

to make he beheld

East,

Him their monarch

west,

north, and south,

they

call

And

Made complete and secure; was a sovereign true our Wan

the

And our king

was\302\267 a

sovereign

; true !

'Twas

That the throne did bestow.

What

gift

of high

Heaven

of the site, 7 Having thought the shell Woo divined. By As the shell answer gave,

So the site was

king

success

Wan

When great
Fung

he

called

state to show ; There, his grand And our Wan was a sovereign true !

Ts'ung was laid low it, and moved

achieved,

Thus
! Where

And our

Woo was a sovereign true !

Fung

Woo dwelt in Haou, his city we find ;

water

assigned.

Where

the

3 He repaired its old

And
As

the old moat he cleared. his sires had oft done, So his new seat he reared.

walls,

In

To his
His
And

How his merit was sons he would

our

Is the' white millet grown. the men Woo employed

shown
leave

flows, !

Not in haste
And
And

did he build,

wise plans and his throne ; Woo was a sovereign true

!)

the
our

son more appeared ; was a sovereign prince brightly

true !

Oh

! how

those walls
!

Did his merit display

From
And

all quarters would not

For to Fung they

Their
And

they came, be said nay.

repaired,

true

our

homage to pay ; was a sovereign prince

Fung

true !

5 East from

flowed

the stream

did That the samename bear. 'Twas the work of great Yu Made the water flow there.)

302)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PABT

III.)

BK

II.

i.])

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

303)

The deep reproach that on her lay Of childless womb ; and then shetrod made by God. a toe-print Upon
BOOK
DECADE

II.
SHANG
MIN.)

Straight, as she rested,she

pregnant
with

was

A son,How-tseih,
Whom

And,

now, retirement
ere

loved.

moved,

long

OF

a mother's

appeared, care she reared.

THE LEGEND OF HOW-TSEIH :\342\200\224HIS The Sliang min ; narrative. ; HIS BOYISH CONCEPTION ; HIS B1BTH ; THE PERILS OF HIS INFANCY TEACHING OF AGRICUL HABITS OF AGRICULTURE ; HIS SUBSEQUENT OF SACRI OF SACRIFICES; THE HONOURS TURE, AND HIS FOUNDING FICE PAID TO HIM BY THE HOUSE OF CHOW. as the to do honour to How-tseih, designed ; the princes of the House of Chow traced their lineage of the the sovereignty After they obtained the note to I. \342\200\224see \" \" at the border sacrifice, the assessor of Heaven kingdom, he was made of the Supreme intention as being the one man by whom the benevolent of the for the nourishment of the people by means of the fruits Power times his place at certain ; and of course he had earth had been realized

time was done, 2 Lo ! when her carrying son. Came like a lamb this first-born No pains of labour suffered she,\342\200\224
No
With

hurt,

founder to

Evidently this piece was

whom

Her
And
And

Did in the skies He had accepted

offering

no strain, no injury. of his future part Godthus cheer the mother's

omen and

heart.

her

sacrifice

thus
of

it was
birth-pangs

i. I.

she bore her son, had suffered none.

lane

;\342\200\224

3 Oncein a narrow
The sheep and And sheltered

oxen round
with

exposed,
him

closed,

Tuen than what we are told about K\303\253ang We really know nothing of the House of T'ae; she was a daughter in the She. It is assumed say ; though as the Chow surname who her husband was we cannot but What of Hwang-te. was Ke, he must have been one of the descendants is said about the circumstances of How-tseih'sconception\342\200\224the toe-print that How-tseih's conception of God, &c.,\342\200\224is merely tlie legend intimating the two-fold de How-tseih's name was K'e, though was preternatural. up, and was which did not belong to him, till he had grown nomination, to and lord of T'ae, is really equivalent of agriculture appointed minister a name, and that by which he is known. in the manner describedin st. 3 we cannot tell, Who exposed the child T-ae was a principality in the nor for what reasonshe was so exposed. How-tseih would Shen-se. K'\303\253en of Chow, district Woo-kung, present of agriculture he had become, be invested with it by Yaou, whose minister more that
about

in the

seasonal

their

sacrifices.

where him, Again the woodman found In a wide forest he was placed, waste. And bore him from the darksome On the cold ice exposed once more,

loving

care.

A bird, beneaththe child and

Stretched

o'er,
When

How-tseih began to wail And loud and long his

its great

wings.
in

it

took

flight,

criesresound,
round.

fright

Filling

the

airy

region

2300 years

B.c.
the

\"Tis

to

famed
of

The earliest
With

Keang Yuen
our

we trace
verse

favoured

And how this happened, let my The ancient story now rehearse.
offering

race ;

And look

She

directed to the skies,

that

pure

and sacrifice, would

his face 4 When he couldonly creep, With glance of wisdom beamed,and grace. When he could feed himself, then fain Was he to sow large beans and grain. His beans with fine luxuriance grow ; His rows of rice rare beauty show \302\267, and wheat adorn the field ; His hemp abundant produce yield. His gourds

5 In husbandry
away)

this

was

his course
force.))

:\342\200\224

prayed

Heaven

take

Wisely

to aid

kind nature's

304)

THE He
Where

BOOK

OP

POETEY.)

[PAET III.)

BK II. i.])
The

THE

BOOK this

OF

POETET.)

305)

cleared
yellow

the grass,
germ

burst. Till from its sheath it nearly 'Twas then as seed laid in the ground :\342\200\224 It sprang, and soon in ear was found. the plant, and fine, and sweet, grew Strong

The living

should waving stand. grain with care was nurst,

and ploughedthe land,

was sent to me by my nephew in out, there came another version closely adhering to the original with so many happy that touches,
1 The
\"

preceding

version

of

piece, substantially as I have given it, Staffordshire. After I had written it from his brother in Australia, not so text, but otherwise interesting, and

I am glad to

append

it.

first born
the

of our people

From

Hung down
T'ae's

anon,

each

State

to rule for
out

him was meet.

grain

Rehearse

complete.\342\200\224 With

As ancient poets sang.\" She prayed for children She trod the prints that
holy

famed Keang to us her story rites

now,
dear.

Yuen sprang.

6 Therehe gave
Millets,\342\200\224the

Two kernels,
Largely
The
Which,

the beauteous grains and what contains black, and tall red, and white.
with

and offerings,
God

:\342\200\224

had

made,

they planted

The red and white But these, when reaped, they homeward And for the solemn rites prepare. still those rites we here maintain. And
Some

double-kernelled, as they reap,

and the black, they quickly stack. their labour share, bear,

delight

The hero in due time

Our How-tseih,

And, resting\302\267, felt Him near. Life's mystery was kindled, And men's haunts she did shun.
she

her great

bore,

son.

2 Her circling She felt

Thus

months no

He gently

entered life.
throe

completed,

in the

Some take it thence ; then sift it some ; The while fresh treaders constant come. in the dish with rattling Washed sound, floats round. It is distilled ; the steam We fix the day, and then with prayer And fasting for the rites prepare. fat we lay the burning Upon

mortar

hull

the

grain

Existence' opening strife.

God

nor pang,

to mark

foreshowed
mother

And gave the He had approved

And

the wonder,
joy.

her sacrifice,
gentle
alley,

sent

the

boy.

3 Once in a narrow
Before

The southernwood, and next essay, With the Spirit of the way ram,

They set him,

Nor
They

the trampling
but

herd,

To please. Fleshboiledor roast

For

sheep nor
him

oxen stirred.
in a

ail-warily

We
8

representatives
with

these

rites

we boast. How-tseih

And welcome in
The
Grand

stands
store

the openingyear. of wood and earthenware

of various
odours

revere,

forest, But woodmenfound liim there. An eagle caught him from the ice, And bore him through the air. The gentle bird departed,
placed
How-tseih

God, pleased, accepts the sacrifice. Fragrant it is, and timely paid ;\342\200\224
JTwas

Soonas their fragrant

How-tseih

offerings bear.
rise,

His cry
Along

was loud and long, and

the forest him ere

began

to wail.

trail.

rang

its foundation
kings,

laid.

4 Majestic,thoughtful
Marked

Chow's lords and Have duly kept

down

to this

time,
VOL.

While With

other his

the

rite

sublime.)
III.

he could stand. children eat their beans, he sowed the land.

20))

aspect,

306)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAKT

III.)

BE II.

\317\200.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

307)

The beans shot His rice plots

His hemp and His gourds all heavy

5 How-tseih,

; up luxuriant graceful sprung; wheat grew close and strong; hung.

8 We crown the Stands made

stands with
of earth
rises,

The fragrance
A savour
Fragrant
'Twas

or wood.
ascends,
;\342\200\224

offerings,-

floats,
God.
timely

sweet to
and

Aimed to give nature play. He only sowed the golden grain,

When

with art sagacious,

were from
the
another

it is,

How-tseih

weeds

cleared

And as it
Till,

throve, he tilled it,

ground
year.

away.

No pious soul has Down to this distant

showed the found it vain,

day.)

way.

He cast it in To spring
It
And

bursting

the ear, aa seed,

II.
ivel ; allusive and narrative. A FESTAL ODE, CELEBRATING ENTEBTAINMENT GIVEN BY THE KING TO HIS RELATIVES, WITH THE TBIAL OF ABCHEBY AFTEK THE FEAST ; CELEBBATING ESPECI ALLY THE HONOUB DONE ON SUCH OCCASIONS TO THE AGED. SOME

It

sprang
waxed

with heavy

fruitage ;
and good

The Hang

then Soon

both strong each grain it drooped, lord of T'ae he stood. the

;
complete.\342\200\224

6 He gave
Single,

people

millets,-\342\200\224

1 See
black,
Ye

how

the

rushes

and

The black
Were

They sowed it all, red, white, Till not a seed remained.

and

double-grained.

Thickly along
and

the

spring
way !

Upon those rushes

Grown

browsing

herds,

no foot
lay !

double-kernelled

to their
soft

The red and

7

stacked where they

white

were grown.
bore,
known.

For rites
\" Now

How-tseihmade

they

homeward

Close as the rushes

Should

They

and

height ere long, rich shall shine.

grow,

brethren
feast

It rattlesin the vessels;

tell me of the offerings, In honour to him made.\" clean the grain ; some pound and Some And some upon it tread.

Let all at
None
sift

all combine.

appear,

; 2

Mats for the young be spread ! On stoolslet elders lean !

Lo ! double
And

absent,

none thought

mean.

The fragrant steam floats far And all the air doth fill.

It trickles

mats are
are
waiting

from

the

still.
around,

spread,
set.
;

stools

Servants in
See host

featly
stand

We ask the mystic oracle ;

O'er
burnt

night

we with

Fat

and pray. a ram bleeds herbs,

fast
the

He pledges them
for

and guests are met.

;

The victims'

The Spirit of

way. dress

And thus we hail

And

Or broiled,we
God

flesh then roasted,

reverent

the coming year,

bless.)

Roast meat and broiled ; and still Palates and tripe are brought.
Then

He drinks ; again they Sauces and pickles come,

lutes

they

him ;
fill.

and

drums

Singers fine concord make ;\342\200\224

The

appear.

and

How-tseih

joyous

feasters

hear.))

808)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)
bow,

[PAKT III.)

BK II.
3

iv.])

THE

BOOK OP

POETET.)

309)

8 The feasting o'er, from

Yea,
\"

Four well-poised
That in the
\316\271) \316\271)

Lacquered

and strong
shafts

and bright,
each
as

perfect
ends

Achieving

sends,

First

The guestsare ranged

The mark
shoot
They

target light.
they

Revealed,

may your wisdom be. its high aim ! in last ; last springsfrom that message came.
the

first

;J

have nearest
lodged

hit.

What

Are
Each

again;

fairly

the shafts in it. final place,

thrown

Their bearing
takes propriety

then is judged ;
5
grace.
its

\"Vesselsand message are cleanyour ; gifts And all your friends, assistingyou,
Behave

said

from

sires ?

with reverently
reverent

reverent

mien. side

his

As
\302\241I)

\"

mild

Most
And

you did your

by your

part,

Has

round

him

4 The

With spirits

Presides,and

long-descended king
ends

the

feast.

Your son appeared. On you henceforth Shall ceaseless blessings bide.

And for the old he

While

From

sweet and strong

he

6 \" What
That

shall in

the
years

ceaseless palace
you

vase

cheers

each

blessing

be ?

guest.

prays,
glow,
may show
help

For ;

your

high
dwell

all

with

That they the

I) 1) 1) I 1) 1) And

wrinkledback
hair
mutual

rapture

Rich in posterity.

myriad

in peace,

whitening
with

7 \"What
Through

of

Striving
And

In virtue's
brightest

onward ways,
happiness

Thosemyriad
Shall to
8
\"

Thus

crown their

latest days.

sons shall from you flow ? you, thus blessed of Heaven, of royal sway years sons be given. your
the

And

whence
your

shall
heroic

come that lustrous

wife.

\302\273) The

III.
1

From
From

race ?

UNCLES TO THE LAST ;\342\200\224THE RESPONSIVE Ke tsuy ; narrative. OP HIS KIND EXPRESS THEIE SENSE OP THE KING BROTHERS AND MOSTLY IN THE WORDS NESS, AND THEIR WISHES FOR HIS HAPPINESS, THE OP THE DEAD HAD CONVEYED IN WHICH THE PEESONATORS OFFERED TO WITH THE SACRIFICE OF HIS ANCESTORS SATISFACTION BLESSING. THEM AND PROMISED TO HIM THEIR

To live

her shall
again

come the line of sons

your

life.\

IV.

1)

1 You gave us of the brimming cup, us with your grace. And crowned live Great king, for ever may you With brightening happiness !

The Hoo e ; allusive. Au ODE, APPROPRIATE TO THE FEAST GIVEN TO THE PERSONATORS OF THE DEPARTED, THE ON THE DAY AFTER SACRIFICE IN THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE.
There was a
the more

solemnservice

supplementary ;

repetition and

at the

1)

You And

us of the gave viands dainty

brimming cup,
spread.
ever

Bonators of the Spirits on the preceding had not been at the feast with which its proceedings had been wound up. The materials of the feast, Choo says, were the remains of the sacrifice of the

close,all

of the sacrifices on the the representatives day were feasted,as they

day

after

or per-

May you, great king, for Your splendour never

1)

live

previous day, warmed The birds are spoken

of

fade !)

that

river to the

up again. of as on the King,

in

consequence

of the

nearness

capital.))

;) I)

310)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT III.)

BK

II.

v.])

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.

311)

1 How the flocks of the As they now skim the

wild-ducks

Howhappy Thosewho
They Complete

Your viands
feast

prey not less joy inspires the part of your sires. yesterday played are ; your spirits are clear. fragrant and they drink ; and all happy appear. is the honour you render them here !
the

King, and
And

now

and widgeons seek their

play,

!
The K\303\252a loli
TINGUISHED

V.
; narrative.
IN

birds

PEAISE

VIRTUE SECURED TO CHING,\342\200\224WHOSE AUSPICING FOB HIM ALL\302\267 HAPPINESS, POSTERITY. TOBS OF THE DEPARTED

or SOME HIM THE

KING KC\303\221O,\342\200\224PERHAPS FAVOUR

\316\233 LINE

A\303\216\303\216D ESPECIALLY

OF HEAVEN ; OF DIS

OF THE PERSONAPROBABLY THE RESPONSE PIECE. TO THE PRECEDING

2 The wild-ducks
As

and

widgeons

now see
now

on the

along

the
sat your

How
Abundant

Those who

happy

the birds

King's

banks they move

or they

sand,
stand !

1 What
Whom

brilliant
all

virtue does our king, admire and love, display !

all

'

\\))

And

as your spirits,
on

Ne'er
3
Round

They

feast
before

and

sires are feasted by you. your viands are good. in their happiest mood. drink they the summit of honour they stood.

here,

as their

due,

Peopleand

officers

The praise of his impartial sway. to his sires the kingdomgave, Heaven with equal favour views. him And Heaven's strength and aid will ever save

sing

The throne whose grant it

virtue sought,
other

oft

renews.

And

the wild-ducks and widgeons fly, land settle with loud scream and cry. How happy the birds ! And with joy those are filled, with Who fathers long gone were yesterday thrilled. Your viands are sliced, and your spirits are strained. new and they drink, with feast happiness They gained now from you have obtained. From this glory they
the

islets

2 By

fresh honours shine ;

follow
ages

on the

All

Admired aud reverent, lo !

Through

blessings

his line
throne.

sure.

From error free, to duty true, fill the They rule the States, they due Nor shall they fail with homage The olden statutes aye to own.

myriad

shall endure.

4 The wild-ducks behold on the wing, and widgeons Where their tribute the streamletspay to the King ! are those, How happy the birds ! And how honoured found their repose ! In whom sires yesterday your The feast in the ancestral temple is spread, and dignity most are conveyed. Where blessing Of feaster what happiness now crowns the head ! each

Where

the

stream

through

the rocks
in

its
the

May they advance the good to place boundless in degree, And blessings, rule through all our regions Their

Fromjealousies

May they in all their conduct show ! And thus their virtuous fame unstained of time still brighter grow ! With lapse
and

bearing

high

and self-restrained

envies

free,

grace !

way

seems

to

are they, the birds ! As complacent will did convey. their Through whom your great fathers Your exquisite spirits, your meat broiled and roast, can boast. feasters That they have partaken those

Many wild-ducks

forge,

When

How happy

and widgeonsrest

gorge.

From

their Nor greatercares

so

those

sons of

Heaven shall sway,

care

withdraw

smallest things,
find

And

!) Henceforth shall their minds by no troublesbe tossed

Love shall around Kings who not The peoplerestful

repose

beneath
them idly
peace
with

friends shall obey,

their law.
cast its
shall
their

fill their

chain, seat.
greet.)

And each king

gain,
praises

312)

THE

BOOK OF

POETET.)

[PAET

III.)

BE

II.
Here

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

313)

VI.)

The
MADE THE

TV HE THE STORY OF DUKE TjEMf :\342\200\224HO Lew ; narrative. LAYING OUI HIS FIRST SEULEMENT IN PlN, BUILDING THEKE, FOR A BEVENUE, TILL EVEN ARMIES, AEBANGING GROUND, FORMING Knng BECAME

PlN

TOO SMALL FOR ALL HIS PEOFLE.

this the story of duke Lew, instead of legend, as in the case of are told about How-tseih in the first piece of this Book,because There the events related in it are not of the same marvellous character. in them ; but, when we compare what is probably an element of history the intima is said here of his doings and of the growth of Pin with tions as to the condition of the settlement and the people in the time of T'an-foo, as we have them in the 3rd ode of the first Book, it is evident Who shall gather here are mainly pictures of fancy. that what we have out the grains of ore from the rubbish in which they are imbedded? to duke K'ang of Shaou,\342\200\224the The composition of the piece is ascribed He made it, we are told, for the young king famous Shib of the Shoo. to remind him Ching, when he undertook the duties of the government, of the devotion to the people, and to the businessof the people, which characterized his great ancestor. to Maou, he was living to Pin \303\216 Where did Lew comefrom According with which How-tseih was invested, in T'ae, the principality previously the rule of H\303\253a was in great and was driven out of it at a time when received disorder. This is contrary to the generally view, which I have the on the title of Book i., Pt I. According to that, Puh-chueh, given or middle kingdom grandfather of Lew, was obligedto fly from the H\303\253a, of that time, altogether, and take refuge among the wild tribes of the been the son of Hownorth and west. Puh-chueh, again, is said to have teeih, whose great-grandsonLew would thus be. This could not be, if is anything nearly correct in fixing the settlement the standard chronology of Pin in R.C. 1796. It places K'e's\342\200\224How-tseih's\342\200\224investiture with T'ae a period of 480 yeara in B.c.2276, so that from him to his great-grandson elapsed, during which there had been the reigns of Shun, and of Yu and of 40 years. I must be an interregnum 19 of his descendants,besides one of K'e'e of in such a case\342\200\224that lieve\342\200\224if belief at all can be spoken descendantshad taken refuge among the uncivilized people in the west, not far from Pin, and that Lew, one of his descendants again, came forth the end in the direction of the east, towards from among them, moving of the H\303\253a dynasty. and Kwo I have not found exactly identified. The valleys of Hwang of mount Woo,and flows east, till it joins The Juy rises on the north-west
I call
we

what

it lies ; in the barn, there in the field, His forethought then wrapperand sack supplies, to contain, This hoard of grain and dried meat When they should move, a glorious fame to gain. Then ready further with his weapons all, Bows, arrows, shields, spears,axesgreatand small, did call. His people to the march he forth

2 Duke

Lew we
the

Whose breast

In pity for the numbers thus confined, He told to all the measure in his mind. their much-loved repose, Loth to abandon At rose. but not for long, their murmurs first, Each ; lofty hill-top now the duke ascends Backto the plains he comes, and eastward bends

for But couldnot space

O'erall

his people'sgood aloneinspired. with eager eye, he ranged plain

thronging

sing, with

generous

ardour

fired,

crowds

descry.

That safety

His course. Lo ! at his girdle-pendant The jade, and gems of yaou, emit their scabbard Sheathed in its glittering hangs
from

sheen !
the

seen,

sword,

the

foeman with

shall

afford. ardour fired,

3 Duke Lew we

the

King.

he brings. all about him there His followers Bound him there lay the bright and ample plain ; to gain. He climbs a ridge, a widerview Behold ! a spacious table-land he spies, settlement Where his new may well arise. could be assigned, For multitudes space large still room for booths would find. And immigrants Here then he dwelt, and would his plans unfold ; Here counseltook, and heard what others told.

alone Whose breast his people's good inspired. To Pin now come, where gush the hundred springs,

sing,

generous

1 Duke
\316\271\316\271)

ardour fired, sing, with generous Whose breast his people'sgoodaloneinspired. In their old seat no longer could he rest ; Its narrow limits forced him from the west. The produceof the many fields he reaps ; in store he safely What can be spared, keeps.)

Lew we

4 Duke Lew we

alone Whose breasthis people's inspired. good liad found, When on the height his rest he thus His officers all stand in state around. them set ; stools The mats are spread, with upon Both old and young, they hero are joyous met.))

sing,

with

generous

ardour fired,

314)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART III.)

B K

II. VIII.]

THE

BOOK

OF POETET distant

315 pool,
use

both are killed ; From herd and pen the victims Dried gourds for cups are with the spirits filled. So doesthe duke his friends and chieftains feast ; Him as their lord and ruler hails each guest.

1 Bring water from the And let it settle in

Millet

or

You are
Father
With

May

rice 'twill come from

our

a jar.

steam\342\200\224such

things that paltry are.

courteous
lies.

5 Duke Lew we

alone Whose breasthis people's inspired. good When now his bounds extendedfar and wide. He marked the shadows, thereby to decide The east and west, the north and south, all round.

sing,

with

generous

ardour fired,

On you a

noble duty

happy,

king

and mother, joined in one, all the people sympathize !

from

2 Bring water
A

the

distant

What tracts werein the light, what in the shade. The springs and streamshe carefully surveyed. armies of defence were made. Each plain Three marsh was measured ; and to till the grain And : the farmers An equal system framed wrought, had brought And shared the produce,after they he sought. The fair proportion for himself West of the hills the land he also tilled, Pin with men and wealth was filled. And grandly

He clomb

the

ridges,

and,

observing,

found

And let it
spirit-vase

May

You are our

'twill wash come from things

subject

settle in a jar.
that

pool,
are.

use ;\342\200\224such paltry

Like centre to So you the

3

Bom

happy, courteous king,

to which

a noble law. all should

peopleever draw.

turn,

Bring
And All

water
let things

from the
it settle in 'twill serve

a jar. to cleanse
end.

distant pool,
use ;\342\200\224such

6 Duke Lew
Whose At

we

breast first

with sing, his people's homes

and

generous ardour fired, good alone inspired.

You are our happy,

May

come from things

fulfil

rude

Ere
And

long the
make-shift

to win Wei in boatshe crossed,

iron.
huts
boundaries

their purpose

served in

Pin

Whetstones

kind fortune and The people multiply, tney fill Attends their course. The vale of Hwang till. The Kwo vale then they side. On either the Juy they go ;Still grow their numbers ; through know.) dominion Lew's now Tracts widely spread

The housesgood,their

Dwellings now they rear, before them disappear.

well

The centre in which all have The people's hearts to you

Vin.

Set

to

a noble

courteousking,
rest,
should

that paltry are.

tend.)

defined,

with allusive ADDRESSED BY THE o; narrative, portions. FOK HIM LONG PROSPERITY, OF SHAOU TO KING CHING, DESIKING AND CONGRATULATING HIM, ON THE HIM, IN ORDER TO ADMONISH AND THE NUMBER HAPPINESS OF HIS ADMIRABLE OF HIS PEOPLE, OFFICERS.
DUKE

TheK'etien

The

is among ph\305\223n\303\257x

birds

what

the

Jt'e-Hn

of

I. i.

XI. is

among

quadrupeds.
VII.

1 The
UNLIKELY THINGS MAY BY A MOKE SHOULD

; allusive. THE MOST HOW MUCH BE MADE USEFUL; INGENUITY HUMAN I OF HIS POSITION FULFIL THE DUTIES \302\241SOVEREIGN
The ciwli S\303\253umj This piece, like the last, and duke of Shaou,\342\200\224madeby

Its whistling
Was

south wind swept

sound

across the hill ;

nook

each

did fill.

Our happy,

courteousking
as he
his joy

the

also the one that follows, him for the admonition

are attributed of king Ching.)

to

In tuneful

there,

and,
notes

Then I began to sing.))

roamed about, gave Out.

316)

THE

BOOK

OF

POBTET.)

[PART III.)

II. IX.]
Such
None

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.

317

\"

You

roam,
now,

And

0 happy, courteousking !
May

serene,

with jocund spirits blest, at ease you rest, destined

are those
love

Prompt to obey your

your
the

noble men who stand,

least

command

;\342\200\224

you

your

And,
Life

like
to

your
good

years noble fathers issue bring !

people more.
emit

fulfil,

still,

9 \" Hark how

Their And With
Sweet

ph\305\223nixes

3 \" How vast and glorious is your realm, at the helm, Where peacesits steadfast 0 happy, courteous lord !
May While All

Therethe dryandras
on its richer

notes,

as on that ridge they

grow,

sit !

you your as ever Spirits

destined years their host you

at your

complete, treat

eastern slope they rise growth ; and thencethe cries and still sweeter flow !
chariots ! Fleet your ! Your name for
for

board !

10 \"Numerous
And

trained

\"

Heaven

to your

To

you
happy,

'mid

sires assigned the crown, greatest peace come down,

king !
joy

Shallbe renowned

your steeds, noble deeds

courteous

all your term Through without And happiness

of years, may
alloy,
fling !

0 king, these verses And humbly at your

I have

long.
made,

Inspired

feet they're
song.\

laid,

by

your

own

Their charm
filial

around

you

\"

Men

Near to your
Like

proved,
throne

Wise guidance to
wings

and virtuous, stand on either hand,

afford.

Where you their pattern all descry, 0 happy, courteouslord ! \" 6 Like mace of jade, pure, clear, and strong,
What

they

bear you up on high,

The Min loon; narrative. IN A TIME or DISOEDEE AND SUFFERING, SOME OFFICER OF DISTINCTION CALLS UPON HIS COLLEAGUES TO JOIN WITH FIM TO EFFECT A REFOKMATIOJf IN THE CAPITAL, AND PUT AWAY THE PAKTIES. ESPECIALLY FLATTERING PABASITES, WHO WEBE THE CAUSE OF THE PREVAILING MISERY.
The Preface assigns the composition of the piece to duke Muh of a descendant Of duke K'ang, to whom the three preceding pieces are ascribed. It further says that he made it to reprehend king Le (B.C. \" This then is the first 877\342\200\224825). of the Major Odes of the Kingdom, Degenerate.\" But the reprehending of the king is needlessly tacked on
Shaou,

To those, your helpers The hope of all, their

Through

majesty

and

grace

belong
true !

praise all sing.

happy king,

to it.

The nation's guide are you.

how the
their

them,

0 courteous,

1 Yes,
And

\" See
And

As now they settle down ! Such are thosenoble men who wait, 0 happy king, upon your state, The servants of your crown !
8
\"

phoenixesappear, rustle on the ear, wings

But we

burdened sore,the peoplelive

perchance

in

grief, here,

This is the

nation's heart.\342\200\224Show

may

give

them

some relief.
kindness

The

male

and female
to

ph\305\223nix,

lo

With
Then

rustling
up

wings about they go, heaven they soar.)

through our regions peace will re-appear. On wily flatterers look with frown, angry Thus warning those who conscience do not own. With fierce deal by strictest oppressors law, Till of Heaven's will learn to stand in awe. they Gentle to men from far, assist those near;\342\200\224 So shall the king be to fear.)) strong, with nought

318)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET III.)

BK

II.

x.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

319)

2 Yes, burdenedsore,the people live in grief, But we perchancemay give them some relief. This is the nation'sheart.\342\200\224Here kindness show,
And

X.)

hither all
wily

will

come

with

constant

flow.
;\342\200\224

On
Lo This
What

flatterers

look

with

The fierce
So

! noisy

braggarts
oppressors

of their

angry scorn

course
service

enjoy his rest through you. Yes, burdened sore, the people live in grief, But we perchance may them some relief. give Show kindness here.\342\200\224This is the nation's heart will spread from this to every part. Repose The indignant face to wily flatterers show, Thus awing those deeds no limits know. whose
shall

hand repress ;\342\200\224 with strong the people's sufferings shall redress. you have done, keep on to do ;\342\200\224

pride are shorn.

The Pan ; narrative. AN OFFICER OF EXPEKIEXCE MOUBNS OVER THE PBEVAILING MISEEY OF THE WANT OF SYMPATHY ; COMPLAINS WITH Hill SHOWN BY OTHEE OFFICERS, ADMONISHES THEM, A\303\215TD SETS FOETH THE DUTY REQUIRED OF THEM, ESPECIALLY IN THE ANGEY MOOD IN WHICH IT MIGHT BE SUPPOSED THAT HEAVEN WAS.
1

The

Reversed lower

is now people

the king

;\342\200\224

are not, no guidance have you, but your words are not this your plans are narrow Through I therefore warn you, and speak out
Sages So

The words you The plans you \"

say

the providence of God ;\342\200\224 groan beneath their load.

far

speak,\342\200\224how

from

form

no reach

of thought

right

are they !

we here !
sincere. and my

display. \"
confined;\342\200\224

mind.
;\342\200\224

The fierce oppressorscheckwith

So hindering

2 Calamities
Be

firmest

Then let us keep ourselves And to the virtuous for

them

will,

from

acting with

out

their

ill.
care,

not not

Suchmovements
Be

complacent,

Heaven now is sendingdown but the crisis own.

now

reverent

indifferent
counsels

their

help

repair.

4 Yes, burdenedsore,the people live in grief, But we perchancemay give them some relief. This is the nation's heart.\342\200\224Show kindness here, And thus dispel the people'sanxious fear. To wily flatterers no indulgence give, Thus all who but for evil live. warning The fierce oppressors with strong hand keep down, That so the right no more be overthrown.
As

The people's hearts in union If to speak kind and gentle How soon would these their

If in your

does angry Heaven produce and your trust abuse. were found, harmony
would

;\342\200\224

be

bound.

words

you chose,

restless

minds compose

You

have

King's
But
you

your

duties

; mine
is

are not the same.

our

servants

I come your
resent

all,\342\200\224such

comrade,

with

children,

for such trust

unfit

are

But vast

the service which

you,

Urgent the matters

O think
them

it,

you

have

to do

5 Yes, burdened the people live in grief, sore, But we perchancemay give them some relief. Show kindness here.\342\200\224This is the nation's heart So shall you soothe and heal the people'ssmart.
View
And

Remember \"

not what in

With

grass
now

:\342\200\224 days of old they spake and fuel-gatherers counsel take.\"

and my words despise. I would fain submit ! for laughter matters fit !

common name. you to advise,

;\342\200\224

4 Heaven
Is

exerts
speak

a fierce and

wily
from

' Gainst
And

flatterers the court

The
Thus

fierce oppressors wage determined fight, from vile reversal save the right. king us all as priceless jadewould prize ;\342\200\224 therefore I reprove you and advise.)
thus

with indignant eye, the parasites will fly.

I'm old,
While

this

a time your
but

mockeries to
with

cruel sway ;\342\200\224

you,

The troublessoon like blazing fires shall rage, Beyond our power to lessenor assuage.))

a word of age have But saddest themes you

Never

my juniors,

that never are puffed up with

tongue
make

display?

lied,
pride.

I expressed, a theme

for jest.

320)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT III.)

BE \316\231\316\240. i.])

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

321)

5 Heaven now
Boast

regards

us with

its blackest
men

scowl;\342\200\224

not

thus o'ercome, reason Good men who see your Like those who personate the dead, are dumb. The land with sighs and groans the peoplefill, Yet we dare not attempt to probe tlieir ill. The disorder all their means devours, wild But they know not one kindly act of ours.

yourselves,

nor

try

to cajole.

BOOK III.)
DECADE

OF

TANG.

You,hear

the

whistle;

Heaven's
As

you on the other lay ; As something ; light you touch and bring away An easier task you could not undertake:\342\200\224 it not hard tho people good to make. Think Perversitiesthey have, and not a few ;\342\200\224 of yours let them not view. Perversity
one

slightest half mace

straight touch the

people quick revere.

the

flute

you

hear

;\342\200\224

THIS Book is calied a decade like the others, but it really contains eleven pieces. The Chinese critics say nothing, so far as I know, on this
anomaly.)

HIS

The Tang ; narrative. WARNINGS ADDRESSED TO KING LE ON THE OF THE COURSE WHICH HE WAS PURSUING, SHOWING THAT THE MISERIES OF THE TIME. AND THE IMMINENT DANGER OF EUIN, WERE TO BE ATTRIBUTED, NOT TO HEAVEN, BUT TO HIMSELF AND
ISSUES MINISTERS. of the last Book, is assigned to duke it is peculiar, for, after the first stanza, his warnings to Show,the last delivering
9th of

7 Men of
The
Great
Great

great

virtue

like a

fence are found

multitudes,
States
families,

as walls, the kingdom

as bulwarks,

the king surround. from barbarians shield;

safety yield. repose ; gives

The cherishingof virtue at foes. The king, by brethren guarded, laughs in the dust ; Let not the strong wall crumble Let not our king have none in whom to trust.

8 The wrath
From

of

it let

Revere Heaven's changingmoods

And,
And

Heaven revere with trembling awe ;\342\200\224 no vain sport your thoughts withdraw.
with

fear

king the Shang or Yin dynasty. The matter of the piece suits only Le and Yew of all the kings of Chow within the in the She. period embraced Le, it was hoped, would transfer the figure of Show to himself, and alter his course,so as to avoid a similar rain. Thesovereign of H\303\253a in the last stanza is the tyrant K\303\253eh (B.C. 1817\342\200\224 1764). King Le was to look to Show as his beacon,as Show might have looked to K\303\253eh. What the \" demon lands \" in st. 6 were we cannot tell. The same in the Yih King. occurs phrase So early had the Chinese begnn to apply this opprobriousname to countries beyond their own.

This piece, like the Shaou. The structure king Wan introduced,

Muh of we have
of

profound,

Great Heaven
all And

thoughtful,

fly on

from

pleasure's

you

Far seesgreatHeaven
watches

your

doings

glance directs, carefully inspects.

with

its clearest
its

whirling

round.

1 How

In
From

great is God,
awful

who

ruleth

men below

terrors

now

His dealings

all-piercing

you arnid your

eye

;\342\200\224

revelry.)

But men at

which

With nature liable to change. All hearts in infancy are goodand true, But time and things those hearts derange. Thus

seem a recklessness to show, we shuddering shrink, dismayed. first from Heaven their being drew,

arrayed,

to \"

Alas

the tyrant ! alas !

To

you
And

the
'gainst

Show our king Wan 0 king of Yin, proud oppressors give their you fierce exactors sin !
21))

said

:\342\200\224

aid,

VOL.

III.

322)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PART

III,)

BK

III.

ii.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.

323

Why call

such men
affairs made

'
3

O'er your
'tis to

your

offices

to hold

why

Heaven But

them

from

you

? and bold !' their strength they get.\"

such men set thus, so insolent
said
:\342\200\224

Thus

\"
You

Alas

Show our king Wan the tyrant ! alas ! Yin's king so honour not the good, but in their
the

'Tis Yin, not God, has causedthis time of dread, Yin that old ways away would fling. Old men and wise may not give you their trust, But statutes and old laws remain. Now is Yin's fortune to the dust, crumbling

great,

Because obedienceyou
\"

disdain.\"
:\342\200\224

stead

8 Thus

baseless To you with And thieves and robbers Their oaths and maledictions fiercely fly, the land.\" Ceaseless and deep, throughout

whom Oppressors

hate. people stories they reply, them stand. by

to the tyrant Show Wan did speak king Alas ! alas ! O king of Yin, For Yin its beacon was not far to ;\342\200\224 In Hea's last king its light was seen.

seek

True
A

is the
may

'While tree

leaf

lesson in the saying taught ;\342\200\224 and branch still vigorous grow,
fall.

Thus

the tyrant \" Alas ! alas !

to only
thus

Fierce is your
And

0 king of Yin, here in the court displayed, will,

thus
you

Show our king you win.

Wan

said

And
the

what

that

:\342\200\224

Its roots uptorn

cause

fall has wrought will show.' \

hatred
virtue

II.
The Yih ; narrative, excepting st. 9, which is allusive, CONTAINING WHICH DUKE WOO OF WEI MADE TO ADMONISH VAEIOUS COUNSELS YEAE ;\342\200\224ESPECIALLY HIMSELF, WHEN HE WAS OVEE HIS NINETIETH OF HIS OUTWABD DE ON THE DUTY OF A EULEE TO BE CAREFUL AND TO HECEIVE WITH DOCILITY INSTEUCTIONS DELIVEEED MEANOUR,

Your proper
And
what

none

Of
5

good

true

virtue

Hence

are

your

take no thought, nobles worthless known.\"

is you
Show

never sought, surround your throne.

have

Thus
\"
Not

Alas

to the tyrant ! alas ! evil

our

Heaven,

That

is wrong. You do in all your conduct what Darkness to you the same as light, Your noisy feasts and revelsyou prolong ; And day through you is black as night.\"
G

Yin's king so great, but spirits, flush your face thus you imitate.

king

Wan said
with

:\342\200\224

TO

HIM.

red,

Thus \"
Round

Alas

to the tyrant Show our king Wan ! alas ! 0 king of Yin, it is as if cicadas made, you
bubbling
and

said

:\342\200\224

And

soup,
small,
with

their
fast

Things, great While you pursue your

Our Middle

ceaseless din. to perdition go,

game. glow

reckless indignation

The Demon landsas loudly

to the
Alas
tyrant

States

'

Ode VI. in the 7th Book of last Part is also attributed, we saw, to the in the structure sanie duke Woo, and there is a remarkable similarity of the two pieces and in many of the phrases. Especially do there ap deportment, and the pear in both the duty of attending to the outward The to be disordered by drunkenness. in which that is liable way the composition of the piece to duke Woo is the authority for attributing statement of the Preface,and an article in the \" Narratives of the States,\" of the Tso-chuen. This article \342\200\224a Work often ascribed to the author relates how Woo, at the age of 95, insisted on his ministers and officers him on his con being instant, in season and out of season,to admonish \" he made the warnings of the E to duct ; and concludes by saying that I believe, to be only The E is taken, admonish himself.\" correctly, another name for the Till. Thus the speaker throughout the piece is Woo, and the \"young son,\" The conception of the he sometimes addresses,is himself whom also. in taking such a method to admonish himself is almost unique writer ; and the execution of it is successful.

blame.\"

1 Outward

demeanour, cool and grave,

who

7 Thus
\"

Show

our

! alas

! O

Yin's great king,)

king

Wan said

Reveals :\342\200\224

inward stupidity

virtue

have.

People in common parlance say, \"

Wise

men

display.\"

21 *))

324

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET. you

[PAKT III.

III. II.])
Be circumspect
And

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

325)

Not so.
from \"\303\216is
And

For dulness
defect

where

find,

within

the mind

if a

wise man dull

in all you
bearing

say,

reverent

He wrongshis native
2 What's

appear,

character.

Whose views are great, and fixed his aims ; Who in due time his will proclaims ; Whose plans reach far ; whose reverent care His outward bearing shall declare :\342\200\224 a true chief the people call. Him hailed And his pattern is by all.

mightiest is\342\200\224theman to be. This powerful everywhere we see. actions spring, Where from true virtue their All obedient homage bring.

But for
What

From censure free of Attractive ever, ever mild. in mace of white jade may A flaw toil be ground away. By patient
a flaw

still display, man or child,

we make

in

can be

done ?

'Tis past

speech our

reach.

6 Words

'Tis but not, Say There's none for you

Answers to eveiy Good deeds their

If friends

O'erit

are your own. To speakbe slow. \" a word.\" No, no ! your tongue can guard.
watch keep will word

yourself

and ward. leap ;

3 Lookat the present state of things ! Your conduct only chaos brings. virtue Low in the dust your lies,
A drunken You seize
And
Oh
And

from you with kindness And subjects as your sons you Your line from age to age shall And subjects strict obedience

shall recompense

reap

meet,
treat, live,

give
! bear strive

men sot whom despise the joy before you brought, not to the past a thought. in mind the kings of old, fast to hold. their statutes

give.
men,

When

4 Seewhom
The

great

Heaven
lesson

condemns

! As

flow

waters

from their

To ruin
Rise
Sprinkled

spring, they
know.

go
keep
;\342\200\224

In friendly intercourse, oh ! then How mild your face ! what ! harmony All wrong and error how you flee ! When in your 'neath its light, chamber, Your conscience as pure and bright. keep Say not, \"No one can see me here ;

mingling

with

superior

all.\342\200\224This

The place is secret.\" Bein

The

fear.

early, and go late to

and

sleep;
court-yard

Thus
Well And

Have ready at a moment'scall.

And keep the

people pattern be. steeds and chariots see; to your and shafts, and weapons all, bows
to your
you

swept

your

No one beforehand

Spirits

come, but when and

can

where
slight,

declare.
Spirits

The more should we not But ever feel as in their 8 O prince, In manner Keep Thus
So A

sight. pursue,

a virtuous

course

So

shall

stand
southern

prepared
hordes

for war,
afar.'

5 What
Give Your Of

ofEcers and peopleneed, both by word and deed. to them, do with care ; duties princely
unforeseen

Exceednot, break not, virtue's

shall peach

good, and fair, and true. on your acts a watchful eye ; may you scrutiny defy !
law

; \342\200\224
flaw.

Their pattern
I give

you men's attention

prized,

and

free from
in

draw,

dangers

beware.)

one throws

a plum.

Please here discern))

me ;

return

326)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART

III.)

BE III. in.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETEY.

327

Cause and
In

effect together bound,

sequence
lamb !

certain

ever found.
It
\303\261as not

Seek liorns on
Your

sense, my
wood

son, such seekingscorns.

and
full

liorns.

When

It makes the and Mildness

is tough,

bow with
what

silken

For virtue's
He

reverence base supply

in docile
forthwith broad and is good

of spring, string.

Not from a distance need we draw law. of Heaven's The proofs avenging Great Heaven is far too wise to err. If lower sink your character, still the less you show, And virtue Your

people

you

will

plunge

in woe.)

structure,

I tell the wise man

does

high.
;\342\200\224 The

IIL
Sang MOURNS J\303\274T ; metaphorica1, y\303\253rn THE DISOEDEB AND OVER

I tell the fool,

Denies its
Such

it straight
and
truth

mood.
he
;

narrative, and

allusive.

MISERY

VIEW

TO REPREHEND

THE
AND

MISGOVERNMKNT LISTENING

THE EARL OF OF THE TIMES, WITH OF KING LE,\342\200\224ESPE

indignantly.

CIALLY

HIS

OPPRESSIONS

TO BAD COUNSELLORS.

differences So wide apart

in men
mind from

we

find

is

from

mind
wrong,

! my

10 Ere you

I held your

hand, and led you on, what Showing things were good, what lessons from my lips you had. Such And lest you should not clearly hear,

knew right

son,
bad
;\342\200\224

I held you
A son
And \"Tis

since then
you
taught

gently

by
your

the ear. arms has filled hold dark when

piercing

composition of the piece is assigned to an earl of Juy, on the of the Preface, and of the Tso-chuen. An earl of Juy is men in V. xxii., and others occur tioned in the Book of History, subsequently history. Tso-she,under the first year of duke Wan, quotes the first line of stanza 12, as from \" the Ode of L\303\253ang-foo of Juy.\" the In st. 7 we have a point of time indicated clearly enough,\342\200\224in statement about \" a kingless throne.\" Thisis explained by all the critics reference has of the dethronement (in effect) of Le in B.c. 841, to which been made in a previous note.
The
authority

have

still a
still

mind unskilled ?
old.

1 See
Now So

the luxuriant

That

self-sufficiency

doth

The early
My

11 Before great

clear Heaven's
dark

Foolish and
My

life seems vain ;

Wringing my heart I tanght you well ;

teaching

you still remain, with constant

its pleasures
never

die.

eye

My heart
Great

fierceaud Oppression's
and

Stript of its leaves,a ruin made. on our multitudes descends

ruthless

threw far round its leafy by rude hands\342\200\224sad sight

mulberry

tree,
shade,

to see

hand.

pain.
;\342\200\224

beueath its sorrow bends. take pity on the land ! Heaven,

strong,

tired

2 Eager
Bristles
Wasted

the

war-steeds

but

Tour teacher\303\216 No, from You only shrank

Ah !

contempt

still

the

truth

inspired. your bore ; me the more. you do not know,

I was your

Falcon and other

the

Disorder

Though years have 12 My son, thus plainly What sages taught Give to my counsels
So

made

hair

like snow.

Where is the

with spear and lance ; our regions lie. grows,and peace is fled ;
land
and

bannersfly.

prance ;

peeled

raceof black-haired
ruin

yore

in

I told clays of old. reverent heed

have

the sky with Beneath Chow's kingdom

;\342\200\224

red

sinks to

rise no more.
ire.

Lo With

shall you ! Heaven

utter

shun each guilty deed. in anger seems to threat overthrew our State,)

the march of fate ? arrest can Heaven nurtures not, but glowswith No town presents a sheltering gate ;
Who Where

can

our

hurrying

feet retire

?)

\316\231 \316\271)

328)

THE When
They
They

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

III.) [\316\241\316\224\316\225\316\244

K III.

III.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

329))

For those through

smooth and knit the social are not here ;\342\200\224who the paved
whom

good

men, sons

of peace,bear sway,
come

state.
way and hate

strife

He keeps his heart ; his plans are shrewd ; He seeks for helpers far and near. there of a different kind, one Who thinks none but himself is wise !

See
Within

4 Soreanguish dwells I broodupon the Why was I born to

Now when
Throughout
No

my heart woes. country's

within
have

;
?

his

narrow

His actions only

9 Lo
With \"

range
cause

confined,
surprise.
deer

great Heaven its angershows our coasts, from east to west,

is found.
rave

my

part

! 'mongst the
concord
us

In

I wander, desolate,distressed,
And

quiet

resting-place

all
!

None cultivate
round.

roam throughout the friends are insincere ;

the

trees, the herds of

wood. say ;

troubles

our borders

\"There's
10 Here
Go far

Advance

Retreat
danger

faithful mood. \" ! thus people either

You

Your great concernshould be to choose The best, around your throne to stand. Be this your way ! What burns and glows, Ere used, you in the water cool. How can your methods bring repose ? Euin awaits you, and your rule.
6

Lo ! growing

plan,

O king,
ills,

and caution
dismembered

use ?
land !

equal

way.\"

Thereis a fool
All Oh

is a sage ! Hisviews and speech beyond the present time.

!

With

narrow

His smallest
this
!

why

before did

thoughts he counts sublime. I could have told.

withhold

reach,

fear my tongue

One struggles
With

on against
fain

the wind,
in

11

The good

man see !
the and

breathless

effort,\342\200\224all

vain.

So they who

would

serve

thee

find
shone

See now

He pines

For

They till the fields who might have High in official rank and power;
now,

baffling

force,

and

little

gain.

He's

unused, or dwells unsought. man whose heart is hard !

to honour

His way

is

barred

courted,

Such government disorderbreeds; The haste to evil deeds. people

brought.

ambition's

They sow and

impulse

gone,
seek

reap, and

no more.

12 From the large valleys

come

the

7 Heaven thus inflicts death and unrest ; lo ! we see a kingless throne ! And And there comes the insect pest, still farmers' are overthrown. And hopes
! Woe ! woe to our great central land For all in peril heaves my sigh. I sadly stand, of strength, Bereft view the vault on high. And silent and

There they collect, and thence they blow. And thus the virtuous man one finds must act so. Doing what's good ;\342\200\224he But he, whose nature the right, scorns His nature vile, 'gainst goodwill
fight.

winds;

13

By force

So

of nature
of

blowsthe wind;
will strive for

men

greed

Would

he

but

8 Seeherea ruler,firm
Whom

As

chiefs and

good,
all

people

revere

!)

He will not Deplorehis

drunk,

I'd speak my mind ;\342\200\224 I mutter to myself. use the good ; and I course with moan and sigh.)
hear,

pelf.

330)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PART

III.)

BE

III.

iv.]

THE BOOK

OP

POETET.)
on

331)
high, sky,

14

Ah

Will

But
Your

And bird

these lines, I know full well, only wake your angry thought ; random shot tell, may sometimes
friends,

1 Grand
With

Howe'er
The more
Whateypr

good,

and that alone,

anger

on wing be hit and caught. I seek,

you

your

may wreak.

King Seuen long gazed In anguished the tones

Well
\" might

brilliant span athwart the Nor promise gave of rain.

shone the Milky way

in 15 Those hypocrites,adepts the chaos of the Produce one's

land.
!

lies,

That

Heaven, death

weak,

strength

he

the more he plies can command.

this

Relentless

Pity the

The people hopelessly perverse 'Tis their vile work has wrought
16 The people
Those

curse.

show unrest, because

villains
with

artful

on them
applause

Behind your back what's bad they Ah ! friends, these charges you deny. lie. not My song is true ! It does
IV.

They listen to you

prey.
;
say.

As offerings I have My store of gems

To every Spirit I The choicestvictim's

Our miseries

he thus complain ! what crimes have we to own, and ruin still come down ? fills our graves. famine king who humbly craves !

; then from him words he spoke.

broke,

never cease.
have
freely

vowed ;
blood

has paid

flowed.

Hear

and purest jade.

give

me,

and

release

\"

The

Its fervours
At And

With My sacrifices I
thine in
What

consumes us. As on and torment fly, bring. purest mind and ceaseless care
drought

wing

The
BE

Ytm

Han;

narrative.

DROUGHT,

EXPOSTULATES

EXPECTED

TO ASSIST

THEY WERE CONTENDING AND WAS HAD TAKEN,

CALAMITY.

SEUEN, ON OCCASION OF A GREAT WHO MIGHT WITH GOD AND ALL THE SPIRITS, HIM AND HIS PEOPLE, ASKS THEM WHEREFORE HE WITH HIM, AND DETAILS THE MEASURES OF THE FOR THE KEMOVAL STILL TAKING,
KINO

it ia said, in hy name in the piece,though King Seuen does not occur line 3 of St. 1, that the speaker in it was a king ; and all the critics accept of the Preface,that it was made by Jing Shuh,\342\200\224a great the statement under the fifth year of It is said in the Ch'un Ts'\303\253w, officer of the court. duke Hwan (B.C. 706), that the king sent the son of Jing Shuh On a miswas a son of the. writer bion to the court of Lo ; and this, it is supposed,

What Powers above, have below, To all my precious gifts I pay, Then bury in the ground. Yes, every Spirit has received

border altars, Heaven, fane, I've given my father's relief have found. might
own

prepare.

sway,

Due honour,

and,

still

unrelieved,

How-tseihcan'tgive
This bitter cup
the

Our sufferings greater

the

grow.
aid,
!

needed

At what year in Seuen's reign the is just possible. piece ;\342\200\224which and also whether it extendedover a series of years, are famine prevailed, which must be left in uncertainty. points In the Bookof History, V. VL, we have an instance of the use of jade were buried at the ; and as all the objects so used symbols in sacrificing conclusionof the sacrifice (st. 2), we can understand how Seuenshould as being exhausted. articles speak of his store of such \" \" \" The demon of (st. 5) is describedas a man, two or three drought the upper part of the body tore, and his eyes in the cubits in height, with top of his head. He moveswith the speed of the wind, and is named That such was the conceptionof the demon, however, in the time Poh.\" of king Seuen, we do not know.)
of this

And help from God is still delayed The country lies a ruined waste. 0 would that I alone might taste
of

woe

\"

The

To fix

I quake with dread ; the risk I feel, As when I hear the thunder peal,

consumes us. drought blame on others try.

Nor do I

Or fear

its

sudden

crash.))

332)

THE BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

[PAKT

III.)

BE III.

IV.]

THE

BOOK OF

POETET.
drought

333)) ?

Will

Our black-haired race, a remnant now, Chow, every one be swept from As by the lightning's flash.

Why upon me has comethis

Vainly

try

to with

search

Nor I
O

Vainly,

myself

will

live

alone.
throne

God from
Will
friends

not spare
and

His great and heavenly even me.

officers,

Your prayerswith mine ; come, lowly bend. will Chow's dynasty pass away ; Its altars at no distant day all shall be ! In ruins

come, blend

For a good harvest Nor late the rites I duly paid, To Spirits of the air and land.

it out, severe. quest soon I prayed,

Therewanted

Thou dostnot bear me in Thy My cry, ye wisest Spirits,hoar

Ye

Godin greatheaven,
whom
Why

Their favour to secure.

be

nought

they

could

demand,

just,

be kind
mind.
!

4 \" The drought

Where

consumes

us.

All hope is gone. Its fatal course. The air more fierce and fiery glows.

It keeps

ou 7
?
\"

I constantly revere, do I this endure ?

The

can I

Death marks me for its prey. Above, no saving hand ! Around, no comfort, can be found. No hope, and ministers of old dukes The Can ye withhold us no help. Give who lately reigned ? Your sympathy, how are you restrained, And parents,

fly

Where

seek

repose

And

consumes drought leave their homes.

And

bond

of rule

The Heads of Boards My premier's mind is In trouble all are

The masters

People fly, Each socialtie is snapt.

;

us.

are

all perplexed vexed ; sorely Guards wards

of

My cook,
Not
Though

and men

my

Horse

wrapt. and of different

;
:\342\200\224

one

has from
feeling

In this so dreadful

the struggle
they
I look

shrunk.

day

\"

The

The

drought hills are

consumes

us.
abroad

And scatters wide his flames

Drought's

parched.
stalks

The streams are

in ire,
and

There on high

To the great sky

Why

But done their

do these
my

weak,

bestto aid.

have not sunk,

dry.
8

demon

On \"

with pain ;\342\200\224 grievous sorrows rain devoted head ?

stars

fire.

The fires within The heats without

The dukes
Eespond

Alas my woeful
its
will

heart !
strength

consume ;
part.

create not

That from it

a gloom

That I

Godin

and ministers bygone to my prayer and moan. not

in
try

great
may

Heaven, permission retirement live,

to

give

mighty sky I gaze, pursue their maze, And clear and bright. sparkle Ah ! Heaven nor helps, nor seems to ken. Great officers and noble men, With all your powers ye well have striven, And have sought from Heaven reverently
Yes,

at the

And

lo ! the

Its aid in our

Regard you
seek

And

heal

my smart

!
strive,

My death is near ; And do as thus far No, for yourselves On whom for rule
You

great
but

fight.
oh ! keep

on,

you
me

have
?

done.

us. Still I 6 \" The drought consumes And will not leave while I survive.
Duty

only

to

shun

I fear.)

and all your friends, the land depends,

security.)

334)

THE BOOK

OF

POETBT.)

[PART III.)

BK

III.

v.])

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETET.)

335)

turn

my

gaze

to the
restful

When

shall
Quiet

this
and

drought

\ be ?

great sky ;\342\200\224 be done, and I

Down
And

from them
to

the

In
And

O'er

those
which

V.

all

came a Spirit to the earth, and Shin gave birth. two States our Chowa bulwark has, the southern foemen dare not pass ; its States them they screen, and through
sires

of Foo

The Sutig know; narrative. CELEBRATING THE APPOINTMENT BY KING SEITEN OP A RELATIVE TO BE THE MAKQUIS OP SHIN, AND DE FENDER OP THE SOUTHERN BOEDER OP THE KINGDOM, WITH THE ARRANGEMENTS MADE FOR HIS ENTERING ON HIS CHAEGE. King Seuen is not named in the piece, but there can be no doubt his being the king intended in it. The writer of it was Yin Keih-foo, who appears in II. iii. III., as the commander of an

as

to

expedition against the tribes of the Heen-yun, in the beginning of Seuen's reign. Then in viii. III. we have an account of the building of S\303\253ay as the capital of the State, which is also a principal topic in this piece. Vfe must accept then the date assignedto the piece, and it gives us an instauce of the way in which by colonization and military interesting the kingdom of Cbow\342\200\224China\342\200\224was occupancy extended towards the
II.

themselves displayed. 2 Famedfor his merit was Shin's present chief. The king with Seay planned to enlarge his fief. had There, as his sireselsewhere should he been, To all the southern States a pattern be. The earl of Shaou got charge there to provide The capital, where Shin'schiefshould preside,
Lessons

spread

of virtue, by

And

o'er

There
3 \"

the south a powerful influence gain. too his sons that influenceshould maintain.

south.

all occurred in I. vi. IV. Shin, Heu, and Foo have They were adjoin all ruled by scions of the great family ing principalities, of K\303\253ang, de scended from the chief minister of Yaou, who is styled \" Chief of the \" four mountains.\" With reference to this it is said in st. l that the mountains sent down a Spirit (or Spirits) who gave birth to Foo and \" Shin.\" This.\" says a critic, \" is a personification of the poet's to

Thus to the A pattern Your centre

chief the

Your merit
Shaou's And

all that

be to all the southern it Seay, go from

southern

king gave

his

command
land.

:\342\200\224

onwards, sphere

till shall
fill.\" define,

was charged the by Chow's rules fit revenue

earl
betimes

new lands to
assign.

show how High Heaven had a mind to revive we need not trouble ourselves as to whether
The earl of

the fortunes there were

of

Chow,

fancy, and

The master

not.\"

such Spirits or

To

move

of Shin's household ordersgot, the harem to the spot.

thus the foundation

turn out happily. Seuen's son, Yew, married a daughter King of the House of Shin, a daughter probably of the chief mentioned here, and made her his queen. When he degraded her in consequence of his at tachment to Paou feze, her father formed an alliance with the Dog Jung, which issued in the death of Yew, and the removal of the to Loh. capital but a Shin Subsequently, proved the tribes very ineffectual barrier against that were banded togetnerunder the rule of Ts'oo, and it was extinguished and absorbed by that growing State during the period of the Ch'un Ts'ew.

Shaou,it is supposed, was Seuen's Minister of Works, and devolved to him in this naturally such duties as are assigned On the early removal of the chiefs harem to Seay, mentioned in \" st. 3, it is said, While his family was not removed to his new residence, the chief could not enjoy his domestic bliss, and the king ordered his officer to the household to principal convey S\303\253ay.\"The name of Mei, where the king gave the parting feast to the chief, remains in one of the in the department of Fung-ts'\303\253ang. districts The movement which the ode celebrates with so much \303\251clat did not on him piece.

The

earl

of Shaou
the

On which

To build the temple. This work done, grandly The chief receives four steeds, a noble team, Whose breast-hooks 'mid their trappings
gleam.

The city's

chiefs great merit should walls he built, and then went

cleared, be reared.
on

brightly

5 Those
And \"Your

eteeds were with

then

the

king

residence,\"

The

south

And

I chose. take this noble

a car of state well matched, from court the chief despatched. he said, \"has been care. my

The symbol of your Protect the southern

Quick thither mace, which

rank. kinds

now repair. I confer,

Go, from

uncle, every

go ; foe.\"
forth.))

1 How grand and high, with hugest Those southern hills whose summits

bulk,
touch

arise
the

6 Soon now
skies
!)

the

chief
the

The king in Mei

his way took feast parting

from the north.

set

336)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PAET

III.)

III.

VI.]

THE BOOK

OF

POETET.

337

For the

Thence, through the capital and southward bound, The chief of Shin in Seay at last was found. When earl the country had defined, Shaou's And rules the revenue assigned, by Chow's had Storesof provisions been laid aside,

Functions
Their

chief'srapid

to discharge. All men this normal nature own, Its normal virtue all men crown With love sincere and true.
duties And

of body, powersof mind,

journey footmen

to provide. were

7 Chariots and With martial

pomp the chief his entrancemade. The States of Chow rejoice. They haste to bring Their warm and joyous greetings to the king. \" \"

thronging

arrayed

Heaven by our sovereign's coursewas to aid him, its son approved, Gave birth to Chung Shan-foo.
chief

moved,

2 Mild and admired,this

Virtues that win His air and looks a
the

displays

! Grandly is Shin In peace and war a pattern good will he, our regions, to your chieftains be.\" Throughout 8 With virtue clad, the chief of Shin shines bright ;\342\200\224 not weak; though strong, yet ever right. Thoughmild, Our States his powerful sway shall own, myriad And with their praises his grand merit crown. Keih-foo this song, well meant, well made ;\342\200\224 presents 0 chief, the tribute I have !) Accept, paid

In your

great

uncle,\"

thus they

A bulwark

say,

strong.

you've renowned

found

heart.

To all his ways

bear

wondrous grace

His
To

rule of life himself

earnest

the ancient law,

mind

impart.

With

In

Abroad the royal will to spread His constant service claims.

sympathy

with

unmarred by flaw he aims. our great Head,

3 The king gave \"

Hear

charge

VI.
min CELEBRATING THE VIRTUES OF CHUNG ; narrative. WHO APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN ONE OP THE PRINCIPAL MINISTERS OF KING AND HIS DESPATCH TO THE EAST, TO SEUEN, FOKTIFY THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE OF TS'E. SHAN-FOO,

The Ching

As servedyour fathers, And me, your king, Let all my lords your
Publish
Speak

now what

I direct.
protect.
pattern

to Chung so serve

Shan-foo you,

:\342\200\224

among them each decree;

freely

see ;

to

He was a scion of the of Ke, and was Seuen made him marquis of the principality of Fan, Yu-chung. styled when he appears to have adopted the Chuug of his style as his? clan name. Nor have we elsewhere on behalf of the any account of the king's action State of Ts'e, which Chung Bhan-foo and conducted. There superintended must have been troubles in the State, and the walls of its capital were in need of repair. The lines of the first stanza are remarkable. VI. Pt. i. VI. 8, Mencius, his doctrine of the gooduess of human them in support o\303\255 nature, quotes and adducesa remark of Confucius on them.
Of

Like the precedingode, his friend on his departure

the hero of

this

also was made from the court.

very

by

Yin Keih-foo,

to present

Of what goes on inform Through you let all my

Obedience

in my

stead.

my mind.
measures

find

great

House of Chow,

the piece

we know
the

little.

promptly

paid.\"
hero

having

surname

of

course

4 Great was the charge. Our And hastens to obey.

Among

hears.

the

Of each he marks the

good,
sees.

princes

he appears
way.

Who

1 Heaven
With

made the race of men, designed nature good and large ;\342\200\224)

He guards his life and fame. nor night he idly rests; The king's, the One man's, high behests
Nor day

He clearly

who bad, throughout the With wisdom grand

land,

His

soul

with

zeal

inflame.)

VOL.

m.)

22))

338)

THE
5

BOOK

POETKY.) \316\237\316\223

[PART

\316\231\316\240.)

BK

III.

vu.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

339)

Among

In Chung Shan such ignoblecase ;\342\200\224 soft nor hard he knows. Nor The strong and fierce he does not dread ; And on the poor or widowed head

the people flies the word :\342\200\224 soft men swallow fast; what is for the teeth too hard And mouths they cast.\" of their Out But never yet did mortal trace
\"What's

VII.)

THE MAEQUIS CELEBRATING OF HAN :\342\200\224 The Han yiJi; narrative. HK THE KING'S CHABGE TO HIM ; THE GIFTS HIS INVESTITURE A\303\254\303\255D FEAST ; HIS MARRIAGE ; THE EXCEL RECEIVED, AND THE PARTING ' OF LENCE OF HIS TEEEITORY HIS SWAY OVEK THE REGIONS ; AND THE
NORTH.

Insult he never

throws.

6 Again the people often say :\342\200\224 \" is very light,\342\200\224 Virtue as a hair ; yet few can Light burden of its weight.\"

bear

The
That

JTis so ; but
Needs

not

from virtue's men defies. other

my

Chung Shan, as I
love

think,

weight to
defects,

shrink,

Aid from

his

If the

strength
have

rejects.

king's measures

What's

needed he

supplies.

7 lie asks the Spirit of the path His blessingto send down. are strong ; each soldierhath steeds His
A

Eastward they
That

bravery
city's

like
bulwarks

his own.

march

Listto tinkling Of his steeds'

the

How ardently he
constant

hies !
of his

; his charge to repair,

is there.

bells !
it tells
;\342\200\224

The

walls
to his

will soon

arise.

tramp

State of Tsin. and assigned to one of the ministers of that growing do It subsequently, on the break o\303\255 Han. minion, who took the clan-name became one of the seven ing up of Tsin, after the Ch'un Ts'ewperiod, great States into which the kingdom was divided,\342\200\224ofmuch larger di mensionsthan the original marquisate of Han. in st. 3, must have dele been some noble and high minister, H\303\251'en-foo, gated by the king to preside at the parting feast to the marquis. The king Pun, whose niece the marquis married, was Le, so styled from was near Che, where Le lived so long after he was the river Pun, which of the royal court, but driven from the throne. Kwei-foo was a minister could hardly have beenone of the feudal princes, for in that case his State From the Chinese text of st. 5, we know would have been mentioned. that his surname was K'eih,\342\200\224the name, according to tradition, of one of the sons of the mythical Hwang-te. The bride was accompanied by a younger sister and a cousin,\342\200\224virgins from the harem of her father. Then two Houses of the same surname her, so that sent, each, a young lady with a similar suite, to accompany a feudal prince was said to marry nine ladies at once. Sen was the State to which Shih, the duke K'ang of Shaou, was ap with the charge appear that he had beenentrusted pointed ; and it would of Han, just as we have to build and fortify the capital of the principality to do the same duty for the new State of seen his descendantappointed The marquis of this piece had a wider Shin. jurisdiction given to him of the over the regions of tlie north, to extend among them the authority dynasty of Chow.)
Grand of Han ! is the guardian hill the great Yu his work began, The land from wreck to save. there

The Han which This ode is also referred to the time of king Seuen. is spoken of was a marquisate, held by Kes, sprung from one of the sons of king Woo. After the time of king Seuen, it was extinguished by the

8 Yes, on
With

Their eight bells told

He'll

Ts'e the hero went, four steeds so strong.

his

There bold
;\342\200\224

not
Keih

I,

0 may Like gentle breeze,

To his
may
Yes,

Yin

be absent long ! foo, this song now

it

purpose

Thenceto the capital

sing.
A noble
That

bring

! 'Mid all his toils and cares, somecheer

our

unresting mind,
great

See there the steeds Han's draw lord, as he proceeds Investiture to crave.
road.
his

leads

Chung Shan
!)

Callednow
He

father's

seat

to

find

here

The

comfort

I designed

goes
To

to hear
him

the

the royal will. king thus said :\342\200\224

22*))

fill,

340)
\"

THE
As

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET III.)

BE III. vu.]
The mats
Present,
And And

THE

BOOK

or

POETET.

841)

served

Be careful
And

your
my

fathers,

commands

to do.

so serve you.

and
bamboo sauces

zeal; Early and late show active seek the kingdom's reverence With thus

roast turtle and fresh fish many a lordly dish. and tender shoots, sprouts,
fine,

weal.
;\342\200\224

Shall strengthen the

Marquis
What

your

fealty

paid
I give

Deal with,
2
Oh !

of Han you long shall not to my come princes

until

great fief
here

live. court

It closed,
With
4
mighty

fill the air. With their rich perfume Oh ! but it was a banquet rare !
and

and fragrant

fruits,

lo ! before steeds,

the gate,

a car

of state

1)

they

resort,

And thus your sovereign

noble

aid.\"

Both long and large, the steedsbeseem

him His mace of rank he with brought. When audience of the king he sought, within bowed his court. And

was

the

marquis5 team.
and

Now back in Han, its And home a wife

lord must

wed,

His

youthful

state

port.

suit he paid, To Kwei-foo's child his The niece of Fun, our king.
union

shall bring. array,

The

To Kwei-foo'shousehe takes his way

An

fixed,

in grand

hundred

cars attend.

The king his royal favour And on him princely gifts

Those
were\342\200\224the

showed,
bestowed.

The tinkling music falls and swells, Emitted by their numerous bells,
As

Its pennon that The brilliant yoke ;

The robe
with

dragon flag, with plumelets

whence

the bamboo
on it hooks

streamed gleamed ;
screen

on

their

course

dragon

Hed slippers ; and the On his steeds'breasts;

Whose
The

seen; to shine
fine,

The glory of that day was great. Lo ! round the bridein fairest state, The virgins, her companions, stand,
As lovely cloudsthat sail, slowly And the moon's greater glory veil,
So

they wend.

Close following

her

on

either

hand.

carvings
board

across

bound. That leaning board with leather Then last there came the rein-endsbright,
Tipt

The tiger'sskin,
with

should their foreheads grace; his car to place ;

to

the frontlets

beautiful

were

throw

around

The marquis looked, with rapture thrilled. was gate with Never filled, splendour As Kwei-foo's gate that day.)
5

they.

gilt

rings,\342\200\224a

splendid

sight. Great
And

3 The

he court now leaving, home But first he offers sacrifice, the Spirit of the way And prays

fame
every

Kwei-foo
State
the

hies

has

At Too

The court sendsforth its many lords, To taste the cheerthe king affords.
An
All

Guidance to give. That night to stay he planned. The parting feast there Heen-foo gives to speed the guest.
hundred
with

But through To settle his

No State
! pleasant Kwei saw the Oh

seen his

has got in war,

car;

where'er land, dear child intent, is the

he went,

like Han he saw. State of Han !

mighty

streams

that ran

the

vases stand around, choicest spirits crowned.)

Through all its length, and then the lakes, With forests girt and tangled brakes,
That

admiration

draw.))

342)
Big And

THE BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT III.)
fill,

III.

Till.]

THE BOOK

POETET.) O\303\217

313)

bream and tencli in the glades on

the waters

Are

every hill
deer.

multitudes

of

In

Tigers
Kwei
And

wilder parts
and

the grisly bear,

cats,

wild

make
find

Hunters their prey

saw, and
his
here

their lair.
here.

pleasure filled his breast, child found joy and rest.

of

Seuen's of the pieces of lung time, and the expedition is assigned to the second year of his reign, B.C.825 or in it is the same whose services 826. The earl of Shaouwho commanded at the formation of the State of Shin are commemorated in ode 5. and Han together indicates to us their point The mention of the K\303\253ang The first earl of Shaou,duke of junction at the present Han-k'ow. of the family had of Yen, but a branch received the principality K'ang, the appanage of Shaou ; and it is remained in the royal domain, holding to earl Hoo. increase of this, which is promised

This is another celebrated in it

come

6 The multitudes
Its

1 On
Yen

Han's walls, and made them strong. then no foeman feared ; had they dwelt for long. There The first of them a charge had got,
rulers

had reared

our As grandly moved We rested not, nor idly

grandly

flowed

the

and Han; Keang force. mighty

Forth all our

Unfurled,

Straight to the Hwae

cars our

strayed;
held

we

our course.

of war had falcon banners

come ;
flew.

From Han, as from a central To rule the tribes around.

marquis

spot,

We rested not, nor

Marshalled

wereremiss,\342\200\224
tribes to

the to the

Hwae

subdue.
shone.

The

now
to

His jurisdiction
O'er

got wider
enlarge

charge,

The Chuy and Mih And bring to own

Then \316\271\316\220\316\257)

all the northern ground. to curb and awe,

Chow's

The troopsin martial splendour Of the whole laud to order brought

Announcement

Again

come

mighty

stream,

Would his first

stronger

walls with

care require.
and deeper

sovereign

law,

Peacethrough
The

the

to the hostile

king had
region

gone.
reigned
;\342\200\224

Would silence each rebellious note,

And

moat

king's

State
filled

breathed,

and was at

rest.

The
And

battle-strife
quiet

all

The fields too he must now define, And the fixed revenue assign,
As

fear inspire.

no longer raged, the royal breast.

their

in

the

His bearers shall to court repair, skins stript from the tawny The white fox and the panther
With

king's

domain.

3 The king had Where the

\"

two

our charged streams

Hoo of Shaou, waters join

:\342\200\224

Go,

bear,

I would

In

red,

define. As law requires, its lands not have those tribes distressed, must their model be. State But this and

open

all the country

up ;

yearly

course

a tribute

The king's trust to maintain.)

paid,

Their lands, in small

Must stand, far now
Great
thus

as the

larger
southern

squares,
sea.\"

4 And
\" VIII.)
narrative. The Eeang San CELEBRATING AN EXPEDITION AGAINST TEIBES OF THE HwAE, AND THE WORK DONE THE MOEE SOUTHERN FOE THE KING IN THEIE COUNTRY BY HOO-HET, EAEL OF SHAOU, IN WHICH THE KING WITH THE MANNER REWARDED HIM AND HE RESPONDED TO THE ROYAL FAVOUR.)

says

Your ancestorwas
When
Compared You

lord,

at court the king :\342\200\224 your work is nobly donetheir

Wan and
with are

Woo receivedthe throne. a child am I ; them,

duke's
worthy

support,

the

great

heir.

Grand
Your

has your
happiness

merit now appeared ; shall be my care.))

344)
5
\"

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETEY.)

[PAKT

III.)

BE

III.

ix.]

THE BOOK thus

war
:\342\200\224'' My

o\303\257 POETRY.

345

This

Of flavoured
For
further

jade

libation-cup,
spirits, grant cultured

and jar
now

Comes
What

armies

six forth

receive. leave.

call ;

I've asked our

of hills

and streams,
founder's

received in Shaou, Thesein K'e-chow to you I give.\" Hoo, grateful, bowed his head,and said, \"
Great

More than your sire son of

South course direct. Your duties reverently fulfil, And wary be lest our good will Those
\316\233

requires we our

make

ready

all;\342\200\224

southern

States

reject.\"

Heaven, for

ever

live

\"

Next
\"

to the
Charge

chief of Yin
Hew-foo,

'twas said :\342\200\224

Ch'ing,
dread

6 He

The gracious And vowed he

That

bowed, then rose, and

through live for

loud

\"Yes,

Display thy Thy civil virtues Till all the realm

goodness of the king, still would do his best, the land Shaou's praise should ring. son of Heaven, ever, wisdom, spread thy fame !
still

proclaimed

The ranks to range,and

Make

earl of

Our march
Against

through
along Seu

the host to
the

warning

must

Rapid and
we

sure be made.
not, nor to

Hwae's bank our enterprise

ring.

lies ;

go forth,.
shall

bless

thy

name ! \

The land we take, lest the threefold Work in the fields be stayed.\"

Delay

brook

hold

IX.
The narrative. CELEBRATING AN EXPEDITION or KING Changwoo; SBUEN AGAINST THE MORE NORTHERN TKIBES OP THE HWAE,\342\200\224ITS IMPOSING PROGRESS AND COMPLETE SUCCESS.

3 The

son

of

king accompanied this expedition in person, but entrusted the actual command of the army to an officer of experience,\342\200\224a descendant of Nan Chung, who is celebrated, in II. i. VI1I., as doing good service against the H\303\253en-yun in the time of king Wan. He was styled Hwangfoo, and a minister, with the same style, is mentioned, in II. iv. IX., as a bad and dangerous man in the time of Yew, Seuen's son and successor. He may have been a son of the commander in this expedition. \" The chief of Yin \" was Yin with whom we are now Keih-foo, \" familiar. He appears here as Recorder of the Interior,\" or secretary to the king, and transmits his orders to H\303\253w-foo,earl of Ch-ing, a district in the royal domain, who was Seuen's minister of War, and would act in the expedition under Hwang-foo as second in command. Seu was one of the nine provinces into which Yu is said to have divided the China of his time, covering nearly all the present K\303\253ang-soo, and portions of Shan-tung and Ngan-hwuy. The land of Seu, where the tribes against which this expedition was directed were found, would only occupy a small part of the province,\342\200\224probably what is still called Seu
The
Chow

Fromstage
As
Or

His troopsadvanced, no crowded Nor lines of brokenlength.

to

Majestic

Heaven calm, trustful in his strength.

was,

mass,

The land of Seu with Its people all unmanned.

when
sudden

stage,

as on

terror

they went, rent,

So now

men hear the thunder's roll, and quake in soul, crash, shook all the land.

4 The king aroused his martial might, As he were moved with rage. His tiger-chiefs he sent to fight ; And eager to engage Well were they ! Along Hwae's banks named

Soongrandly

moved

the

A captive
Securely

crowd was held.

the

royal

ranks.

in K\303\253ang-soo.

Nan

Chung's

descendant,
now

Hwang the
near

No rebel hostsa passage found, to Seu to yield. Succour

kept

country

round,

Great,

Grand-master,

draws

Numerous

the

Before the king, and to him The king's charge, loud

and

straight
clear,)

As if on wings they flew ; as the Keang and Han, when Grand

Their

legions,

moving

fleet,
meet

mingled

streams the view.)

\316\223))

346

THE
Solid
And

BOOK

OP

POETET.

[PAKT

\316\231\316\240.

BK

III. Men
While

x.]) blameless,
that
others

THE BOOK

OP

\316\223\316\237\316\225\316\244\316\225\316\244.) 347)

Whose waters ceaseless rush.

Continuous,

as mountain mass they seemed, as the river gleamed, brightly

in

free from
fearful net walk without

Within

are snared ;
restraint,

slightest

taint,

order revolt

sure, to crush.

Inscrutable,
They

success secure,

Whose guilt is openly declared.

marched

6 The king's plans and sincere, truthful Seu's tribes at once sought peace. Its chiefs assembled all ; their prayer
Was

man builds the city wall ; wise But a wisewoman it down. throws Wise is she ? Goodyou may her call She is an owl we should disown!
A

;\342\200\224

for

the

Was

And quickly by the sonof Heaven order to the country given

royal

grace.

To woman's
And

tongue step

let
come

In

;
no

Disorderdoesnot
Women

by

step to

length be given, harm it leads.

from

solemn

court

he

shone.

'Tis woman's tongue

and

disorderbreeds.
Never
from

Heaven

Before him
That

came the chiefs, and swore

break

eunuchs

!
word

came
them

they

would

their

faith

more.

Lesson or warning 4
Hurtful And

\"The

war,\" he

said, \"is done.\"

X.

and when

false,

their

The wrpng
And

and allusive in the last stanza. Chert jang ; narrative, THE WHITER DEPLORES THE MISERY AND OPPRESSION \316\244\316\240\316\221\316\244 AKD PREVAILED, THEY WERE CAUSED BY THE INTEKFERENCE INTIMATES THAT OP AND EUNUCHS IN THE GOVERNMENT. WOMEN The

And would the Avise Public affairs to wife

Must

Thricecent, per cent. !

not
is
Why

say,

their falsehood lies, exposed do not own, but sneak, they \" No

spite they wreak

harm did
man

we devise.\"
that

Why

but

and maid

is trade, disgrace.

reign Yew, Paou Sze and her doubt, directed specially against in the palace. The form in which the writer expressesMs sen creatures timent, however, is too general, and not sufficiently guarded.

3 and 4

This piece

will not suit

no

the

Of

any other

king but

and

Btt.

silk-worms

and looms

displace.

were,

Why

'

1 To

Heaven I look with longing eye, But only meet its angry frown. trouble long we lie, In restless And afflictions still come down. great Throughout the realm is nothing firm ; In palace
Whose
Wrapt Nor

Both high and

in peace

low

are

in distress.
swarm,

keep aloof, And me would in your wrath oppress. Omens of ill you slight, though rife ; Nor for your outward bearing care. The good fly from the scene of strife ; Ruin and blank despair. impends,

From

it Heaven thus have the Spirits the wild Teih you

sends reproof? ceased to bless?

and in court they

ravages the land oppress. the net of crime we groan ; nor cure comes to our moan.

You And

now,

0 king,
as

Which

chiefs, Are stript

possess the lands. once could claim who led their faithful bands, of wealth, and brought to shame.)
their

6 Heaven's awful net the land, o'erhangs Full of more woesthan tongue can tell. The good retire on every hand. sorrows in my bosom swell ! What and more near the net of Heaven ! Near
;

own men

Good men are from their And how can grief of

Soon

will

its

meshes

all enfold. duties driven, mine be told ?))

348)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET III.)

BK

III.

XI.] Us to
Our

THE BOOK

OF

POETEY.
;

349))

7 The waters bubblingup make known How deep and strong the spring below And long the inward grief has grown, From, which my words of sorrow flow. came not this ere I was born ? Why it ere I was dead ? Why happened

dread peril's brink they bring minds with care they fill. Not for a moment dare we rest,

Degraded oft,
4 As when
Wither

and

sore

opprest.
see

Yet still the sorrowing

Great
O

and

forlorn

So
The

king,
may

and mysterious Heaven can aid. your sires no more disgrace ! save your future race.) you

As water-plantsgraft on Cannot their life retain

the dry parchedgrasswe for want of rain ;

a tree
;

haste. So all things now to ruin can their fatal course arrest Who

?
;

XI.
all but st. 6, which is metaphorical. THE WRITER BEMOANS THE MISERY AND RUIN WHICH WERE GOING ON, AUD SHOWS HOW IHEY WERE OWING TO TEE KING'S EMPLOYMENT OF MEAN AND WORTHLESS CHARACTERS. Sliaon
narrative,

5 'Twasmerit oncethat

riches

min ;

Troublesthrough
And

The case how different now

all

gained

our

time have

reigned, !

greater
unhulled fine

still these

they
those

grow.
men

The subject and style of this piece lead us to assign the same author ship to it as to the precedingone. \"The writer,\" says one of the critics, \" saw that nothing now could be done for the kingdom, and that the honoured capital of Chow was near destruction; but in his loyal and right eous heart he could not cease to hope concerning his sovereign. In the former ode he expresses his wish that the king would not disgrace his an here that he would use such ministers as the duke of Shaou. cestors,and A filial son will not refrain from giving medicine to his father, though he knows that his disease is incurable, and a loyal minister will still give he knows that the kingdom is on good advice to his sovereign, though the verge of ruin.\
1)

Like grain

Like
Ye Why

rice

villains, thus

no grace ! retire ! of yourselves my grief and ire ? prolong

who find
stands

in place

Now

empty No Unfed

streams

The spring

is idle, onceso full

from below ! evils all around

and dry into it flow.

the pool ;\342\200\224

;\342\200\224

now
those

So for

In terrors thus
Famine
And

pitying

Heaven,

why see
arrayed

we thee

; Sufficient causes could be found But my anxious care, they increase

has come.
homeless

The peopleflee,
dismayed.

Lest I be caught Suchministers

in

evil

snare.

In settled spots, and far and near, Oar regions all lie waste and drear.

roam,

7 When our first

kings the throne received,

they

had
all

2 Seeo'erthe
And

land

Heaven's

net
time,
fear,

of crime

lo

! in

Men idle, knowing not the Locusts looked at with

Oppressive, Can such 3

place

appear fond of

As Shaou's great chief, whom add In one day he would A thousand le, from States
Our
Now Can

believed.
came

which

Slanderers
Yet

strife !\342\200\224 perverse, as these bring peace and life ? and insolent, the king
in tliem

king's protecting care to claim. in one day that space is lost ! virtue boast ?) the ancient none

sees

no

ill.)

BE

\316\231. \317\200.])

THE

BOOK OF

\316\241\316\237\316\210\316\244\316\225\316\244.) 351)

Solemn
The With

and pure
princes reverent

aiding
their

Of officers
All

the ancestral temple stands. in the service move The numerous bands harmony.
rapt

devotion
Wan

these

And THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

With grace and dignity The duties to them

of king while they think of him

the

prove.
pursue ; on

virtues

high

in heaven,

they

in his

follow Glory and honour And ne'er will men be

to do haste temple given. Wan's great name, of his fame.) weary

PAET
ODES

IV.
AND

OF

THE

TEMPLE

THE

\316\240. ALTAR.

BOOK

I.
I.

Sacrificial
DECADE

Odes of

Chow.

THE VIRTUE CELEBRATING ckeming; narrative. COMPARABLE TO THAT OF HEAVEN ; AND LOOKING HIM FOR BLESSING IN THE FUTURE.
KING

The

Wei Teen
AS

WAN

or TO

SECTION

OF TS'ING MEAOU.

been divided into stanzas and

THE PAKT. This is simply in Chinese Sung ;\342\200\224meaning, to the Preface, \"pieces in admiration of the embodied mani festation of complete virtue, announcing to Spiritual Beings their achieve ment thereof.\" Two other definitions are\342\200\224\" of the Songs for the music ancestral temple,\" and \" Songs for the music at sacrifices.\" I have combined these two accounts of the pieces,though there are a few whose claim to have anything to do with sacrifices is that only they are found here. Of the pieces in the SecondBook I will speak when we come to them. \342\200\224It has been mentioned in the prolegomena that some of the pieces do not rhyme. This is probably the reason why they have not in this Book

TITLEor

according

Preface says that in this piece there is an announcement of the of complete peace throughout the kingdom ; and the old in terpreters referred it to a sacrifice to Wan by the duke of Chow, when he had completed his Statutes for the new dynasty in the sixth year of his But neither the piece nor any ancient regency after the death of Woo. testimony authorizesa more definite argument of the contents than that which I have given.
The
realization

Heaven Orders

Pure shone,without
The
virtue

by a deep its ways

of

and ceaseless law

with man.
a single

flaw, .
still.

numbered.

TITLE OF THE BOOK. The pieces in this were all appropriate to the temple services of the kings of Chow ; and they are arranged in sections, two of which contain ten pieceseach, and the third, like the third Book of last Part, eleven. Yet all the sectionsare called Decades. Choo con tends, in opposition to the older interpreters, and correctly in my opinion, that of the thirty-one pieces in the Sung of Chow, while most were made (or fixed) by the duke of Chow, there are someamong them belonging to the reign of king K'ang (B.C. 1077\342\200\2241050), and even of a later date.

To us
To

he showshis

king

Wan.
kindness

So

As all our powers we strain be in concord with his will, His favour we shall gain. the last his throne to fill may His love and grace retain !)
Latin\303\251.

I.
narrative. meatm; Ts'ing CELEBRATING IN WHICH A SACRIFICE TO KING WAN FURTHER PRAISING HIM.
The MANNER

By W. T. Mercer.

THE REVERENTIAL WAS PERFORMED, ASD

Jussa
Et

profunda

laanent

magni mandataque C\305\223li,

mira fuit.

Choo agrees with the Preface in assigning the of this piece composition to the time of the sacrifice mentioned in the Book of V. xiii. 29, History, of Loh being completed, king when, the building Ching came to the new a red bull to Wan city, and offered and the same to Woo.)

favorem? Qua ratione petit Rex nunc monstrare Sit satis ; et nobismu\303\261era grata fluant : Nos inter Tiegemque bonum concordia regnet,

R\303\251gis probitas

undique

Et mentem

similem

saacla

futura

colant.))

352)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT

IV.)

BE I.

i. vi.] \302\247

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET. the

353 man
;\342\200\224

III.

Let each
So

fee strong, and

lead

shall chiefs

The
KING

Wei

ts'ing

; narrative.

APPROPRIATE

AT SOME

SACKIHCE

10

Ever in virtue
All

your influence be
the

play

great.

van

;\342\200\224

AND CELEBRATING WA\303\217\303\216,

HIS

STATUTES.

to the Preface, these lines were sung to accompany the dance According king Woo, called S\303\253ang. That dance consisted in going through a number of movements,intended the style of fighting intro to illustrate duced by Woo, and supposed V. to be described in the Book of History, ii. 7, 8. But, as Choo observes, there is no reference in the piece to the allow this, while at the same time they editors dance, and the imperial are unwilling to give up the old view, aud accumulate authorities in sup port of it. But we can say nothing more about it than I have doneabove.
of The

The
What

former
glory

course will imitate. kings in mind still bear ; can with theirs compare ?)
your
V.

piece, The

moreover, statutes

has the appearance of a of king

The Peen T'AE.

tsoh;

narrative.

APPROPMATE

TO A SACRIFICE TO

KINO

fragment.

we must guard, and in our lives revere. Since first we sacrificedto him till now When all the States obedience to Chow, yield The fortune of our House comes from his laws, Its happy omen first, and then its cause.)
Them

Wan are pure and

clear

For king T'ae's history and achievements the first Book of last Part.

see the 3rd and

7th pieces

in

'Twas Heaven that made the lofty hill, And there king T'aehis work began, to till. the land all round Labouring
Then Pursued

IV.

Wan in tranquillity king the work, till that mount Kfe, it frowned, Rugged and craggy though Was reached by the smooth roads we see. !) owned be it by their offspring Long

The Leeii man;

WHO HAVE
ASSISTED

narrative.

A SONQ AT A SACRIFICE.

IN

PRAISE or

THE

PRINCES

VI.

The Preface Says that this piece was made on the occasion of king when he thus addressed the princes Ching's accession to the government, who had assistedhim in the ancestral temple. Choo views it as a piece for general use in the aucestral temple when the king presented a cup to Ms assisting the cup to the repre guests after they had thrice presented sentatives of the dead.

The Hami
SACRIFICE

Peen
fixed

y\303\253m sMng

ming ;

narrative.

APPROPRIATE

AT

A)

TO KING The

CHIKG.)

decree
Wan

Which first to

Had long to

of mighty
Chow

Heaven

assigned and Woo as

Ye brilliant
Who

with

The favours

and accomplishedlords, your help my worship crown,

that
future

Ching next to

them

the throne, was given. ruler shone.

Ever in your own Alike all greed

My sons in

your

grace

affords

reigns States eschew

shall

own.

So

shall

the

He calls

And when your present services to mind, your sons shall know New honours he will oft bestow.)
VOL.

king

still honour you ;

and wastefulness;

Then the foundations of his power Were made by Ching more deep and Through night and day no idle hour
He
knew,\342\200\224the

sure.

reticent

and

pure.

His virtue wrought, and glorified he had obtained ; The heritage

best powers unplied, Nor were his heart's Till o'er the land good orderreigned,
III.
23))

354)

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETKY.)

[PAET IV.)

I.

I. IX.] \302\247

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.
show,

355)

VII.)
The Wo ts\303\253ang AN ODE APPROPRIATE ; narrative. To A SACEIFICE TO KING WAN. ASSOCIATED WITH IN THE BRILLIANT HEAVEN, HALL.

May
Him
Most

Heaven its gracious favour for its own son taking

surely

has

the House

of Chow
Heaven.

between the schoolson the occasion of this piece. the controversies about what \"the Brilliant hall \" really was, it is unnecessary to enter. Wan was associated with God in the sacrifice; God being the fountain from which, and Wan the channel through had come to Chow. which, the sovereignty
happily Into

There is

an agreement

To

our Woo's slightest nod by all Trembling responseis given.

Beencalledto reignby
to himself

All

My offerings here are given,

A

O'er sacredritespresiding
the

Spirits

he draws,
;

ram,

a bull.
mighty

Even
And

Spirits
on

Accept them,
All-bountiful.

those

Heaven,

of the Ho, hills abiding.

Thy statutes,
So on

I keep, I
from

0 great
love

king,

Yes, he our sovereign lord is known and glorious. As king supreme

Peace
Wan
on

the realm

to bring
above.
Woo

Our Houseof
to
And

Chow

'Tis brilliant and victorious.

each
now

distinguished

is ;

From

comes blessing
the

rich ;

prince
sweet

Now

He owns those gifts

Him

right

to

which

I invite.

He casts the spear and shield aside, The bow no more employing.

peace

his rank assigns ; enjoying,

Do I not night and day

That

I
?)

will And

in

ways
spread

of virtue
it through aid

walk,
our regions.

Revere great Heaven,

thus

its

favour

To Chow be given
VIH.

may

Thus shall the king preservethe throne,

Without

the

of legions.)

IX. The She mae ; narrative. APPI\303\217OPKIATETO KING Woo'S SACRIFICING TO HEAVEN, AND TO THE SPIRITS OF ALL THE HILLS ASD IIIVEES, ON A PEOGEESS THEOUGH THE KINGDOM, AFTER THE OVERTHROW OF THE SHANG DYNASTY.

The Ckik
TO

Tting

THE

KINGS

AN ODE APPROPRIATE ; narrative. WOO, CHIMG, AND K'ANG.

IN SACRIFICING

Here again there is an agreement between the schools. Tlie Tso-chuen, under the 12tli year of duke Seuen, 1. 11 as from quotes a Sung of king Woo, and in \"the Narratives of the States,\" the piece is ascribed to the duke of Chow, ifo doubt it was made by the duke, soon after the ac cession of Woo, for the purpose mentioned in the argument ; and he in his own person in the conclusion. speaks

arm of Woo was full of might ; None could his fire withstand ; to And Ching and E/ang stood forth As kinged by God's own hand.
The
We

sight,

err

not

when

How grandly
Their

we call them
they

sage. !

maintained

Now through

liis

A royal

many

States

hold of
Wan

rides

progress

Woo,

all the heritage

and

That

Woo
23*))

had gained

making.)

356)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT IV.)

BE I.

\317\200. \317\200.] \302\247

THE

BOOK op

POETET.)

357)

As here we worship,they descend, While bells and drums resound, And stones and lutes their music blend.
With

blessings

we are

crowned.
;

The rites

ThosesiresChow's
And ever

The feast

correctlywe

we freely share.

discharge

BOOKI.
SECTION \316\240.

for it care.)
X.

glory

will

enlarge,

THE

DECADE -OP SHIN

KUNG.)

The Sze
APPROPRIATE

man

; narrative. TO THE BOEDER

THE

CELEBRATING

HOW-TSEIH

WORSHIPPED AS 0
To

CORRELATE

SACRIFICE, OF GOD.

WHEN

ODE ;\342\200\224AN EOW-TBEIH WAS

GIVEN TO THE OFFICERS INSTRUCTIONS THE Shin Tamg ; narrative. TO GOD IN SPRING AFTER THE SACRIFICE OF HUSBANDRY ;\342\200\224PROBABLY FOK A GOOD YEAK.

Ho

The correlate of
On

To thee alone'twas given be, by what we trace to thee,

Heaven.
within

thou,

accomplished,

great How-tseih,

Your dutiesreverent caredemand. has given you perfect rules ;\342\200\224 The king that those rules ye understand. See

! ministers

of husbandry,

all who Grain-food

thy

dwell

Ho ! ye
our

who

aid
month

land hand

'Tis to
God

didst thou bestow.

wonder-working

The last
fair

'Tis yours the

How That

the ministers, of our spring

fields

is here.
to tend,

new-sown

This gracious
had

boon we owe.
and barley
mind.

And manage

the

wheat
have

None would
Man's

To nourish all mankind.

fathomed
thy

meant

each, wheat and barley field, their soon waving crops shall yield
the

those in their third year.

But for

His intent,

In
Give

them

Will

guiding

grant orders

bright to us that,

To every
That

social duties thou

tribe

didst show
flow
\"

Providedwell,
Anon the
Shall

and glorious God a plenteous year ; with spud and hoe

men
rustling

and

State.
The

stalks that

your

appear.
stand
hand.)

Prom thee

the polishedmanners
our land

fall before

the reaper's
II.

stamp

Great.\

The E
BANDRY

he;

narrative.

INSTRUCTIONS

TO THE OFFICERS

LIKE :\342\200\224PROBABLY YEAR.

THE

PRECEDING

OF HUS ODE, AFTER A SACRIFICE

TO GOD FOR A GOOD

When we And clearly

0 yes

! the

Spirit
that

of

inquired of him, told us when to

now

king

Ching,
drew

nigh,
lie.))

The gifts

before

him

bring

358)

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.)

IV.)

BK I.

\317\200. vi.] \302\247

THE

BOOK

OP

POETRY.

359 crown
;\342\200\224

Those,in each square

Ten thousand
let
Now

Lead forth, your men, with O'er their own fields to

of

sow the grain.

le,
The
BABLY

energy

Blessings
And

all the

of every kind our land shall own ! Spirits our devotion

V.

familiescan maintain.
turn

thirty

The men
The
The

the ploughs

up

the
pair.

soil,

harvest

will repay their toil ;\342\200\224 bounteous all shall share.) produce

attending, pair by

INSTRUMENTS

THE T\303\251w \316\212\316\272\316\271\316\277 ; narrative. OF MUSIC ; AND

BLIND

MUSICIANS
HAKMONY.

THEIR

OF CHOW ; THE PBOPREPARED A

HIS
GRAND

INSTRUMENTS

OF CHOW'S COMPLETING OF THE DUKE FOR THE OCCASION THE FACT AT ANNOUNCING \316\237\316\223 MUSIC, AND OF KING WAN. IN THE TEMPLE PERFORMANCE

See
\316\271

the blind

musicians here !
the

III.

all, Sightless
In the
All

men

The Chin loo; allusive. CELEBRATING THE REPRESENTATIVES OP THE TWO FOEMER DYNASTIES, WHO HAD COME TO COURT TO ASSIST AT SACRIFICE :\342\200\224MAY HAVE BEEN SUNG WHEN THE KING WAS DIS MISSING THEM IN THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE.

is

temple-court of Chow. for them now. ready

around,

appear,

Stand the music frames

On

whose
their

posts rich

plumes abound,
edged
hang

Hound
A

yonder
flock

marsh, there in
egrets fly. movement,
reigned

the west, birds,

now,
loved,

While

face-boards,

like teeth,

of

Show the drums that

Sounding-stone

With

Their fathers

My visitors came nigh.

graceful

like those

s and

hand-drums there

beneath.

In
And

the

concert
ch'uh

Their fathers

Their fame with lapse of time shall grow Both day and night more clear.
reigned
they

But loyal are they There in their own States are Nor tired of are they here.

where I reign to our Chow.

they

See the
the

to

part signalize

shall bear.

When

the music
yn,

shall arise;
harsher
and

whose

note

Hushes instrument
When

throat.

the duke
various

Bnt loyal are

to

I reign where our Chow.)

now,

Organ's swell and flutes' soft voice, the listening ears rejoice. Make

Soonthe

has thus prepared,

notes

are heard.

IV.

The Fung
PLENTIFUL
The Of
Hardly

n\303\253en;narrative. YEAR.)

AN

ODE

OF

THANKSGIVING

FOR

A)

! Holding all in rapture bound shall be made, music such When Then our sires for whom 'tis played,
And

Sweetthe

harmony

of

s.ound,

plenteous rice and

suffice

given us large supply millet, and onr granarieshigh

ear has
the

Welcomed to this
Thrilled

sacredhome, Shalldesireit to last long,

with

the

visitors

who come,

prodnce

to

the

melodious
VI.

song.

Millions

of measures

From this distilled, shall spirits, strong and sweet, Our sires and mothers with their fragrance greet, When to their shrineseachseason we ; repair And in all other rites their part shall bear.)

of the

garnered grain !

contain,\342\200\224

The Ts'\303\253en; narrative. WHEN IN SPRING, AND CESTRAL

TEMPLE.))

SUNG

THE

KING

IN IHE FIRST PRESENTED

MONTH

A FISH

IN

OF WINTER, THE AN

360)

THE

BOOK

OP

FOETKY.)

[PAKT

IV.)

BE

I.

n. \302\247

ix.]

THE

BOOK

or

POETRY.

361)

This ia the argument of the piece given in the Preface, and in which the critics generally In the Le Ke, IV. vi. 49, it is mentioned concur. that the king, in the beginning of winter, gave orders to the chief fisher to commence his duties, and went himself to see his operations. He par took of the first fish captured, but first one as an presented in the back apartment of the temple ; and in the first month of offering the spring, when the sturgeons began to make their one in appearance,he presented the same place. On these notices the argument in the Preface has been
constructed. VI.

\"

All-sagely
Alike

The two
iii.

rivers, the
Ts'eih

Ts'eih

and the

Ts'eu,have

been

spoken of on II.

Heaven rested in thee,0 great Wan, to thy sons still good dost bring. Who \" of long life to me, The eye-brows thon hast given. of comfort, Great source me great, for 'tis through thee mak'st Thou Come all the other gifts of Heaven.
\" 0
With

in peace

didst thou play the man, and war a king.

and Tsren, those streamsof Kfe, About the warrens fish abound. swarms of various kinds we see. Large The mudfish and the carp are found.
In

thon, my
thon power

And

His reverent

in whose fond breast I lay, and grace your son inspire to pay.\ sacrifice

meritorious sire,

The thryssa
Which

and

the

And sturgeons,
we,

observant

large and lank, are there,

of the

yellow-jaws,

Yin.
TO AN OCCASION WHEN APPROPRIATE Tsae li\303\253en ; narrative. KING CHING AT A SACHIFICL\302\267 FEUDAL PRINCES WERE ASSISTING To KING WOO.
The THE

Offerin sacrifice,with prayer, That Chow may hold its brighteningway, Nor o'er its fortunes come decay.)
VII.

laws,

Before
To

seek

their sovereign king the lords appeared, the rules that he for them ordains. grandly in the
shone,

Their bannersbright with

Waved
AT A
SACRIFICE

air. Upon their reins

while

dragon

blazonry

The Yung ; narrative. WOO TO HIS FATHEB

APPBOPKIATE WAN.

BY

KINO

Eings
And

glittering

carriage

fronts were

bells their

Ihe disputes as to what sacrifice this piece was made for are endless. In the time of Confucius, the three great Families of Loo used it when in their ancestral temples,\342\200\224to sacrificing the great dissatisfaction of the sage (Analects, \316\240\316\231. the sacrificial vessels and ii.). They used it when their contents were being removed, and it was probably made at first to be sung at that time ; and hence we find it called the with such Clt'eJi, an indication, as well as the Yung.
The
With

Thus
And

full of
splendid

majesty, they came to court,

equipages

on their broidered sound. gave a tinkling

flags

found !

The king then led them

With

filial

His offerings,
And Favours

still he

helping
reverent

princes
air,

The king, Heaven's with looks son, profound, Thus prays before his father's shrine :\342\200\224
\"

stand around, in concord fine.

'Tis from They spring; and

on the left, and laid, before his father's shrine, that long life he might obtain, the honours of his line. preserve both great and manifold. gets, and accomplished lords brilliant those

heart,

there

shall

Blessings unmixed and bright that

IX.

longthrough

them descend
affords.)

Heaven

This
And

noble
these

bull I
assist
and son,

me in
great,

bring to thee, the rite.

on me, down thy light

Father, august
Thy
filial

The
!) ONE

Yew

It'ih ;

narrative.

CELEBRATING

pour

OF

ms

APPEARANCES

AT THE CAPITAL

THE DUKE OF STJNG ON TO ASSIST AT THE SA-))

362)
CEIFICE WAS

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET

IV.)

BK I.

II. \302\247

X.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.

363

TEMPLE OP CHOW;\342\200\224SHOWING HOW HE IN THE ANCESTRAL BY THE KING. ESTEEMED AND CHERISHED

the visitor here was the representative of one celebrated dynasties ; and the mention of his white horses sufficiently the tradition in the justifies Preface that he was the famous viscount of Wei (See the Book of History, IV. xi.), an elder brother, or an uncle, of the last king of the Shang When the rebellion of that king's son was put down, and the dynasty. of Wei was made duke of Sung, Eon himself put to death, the viscount there to continue White had been the sacrifices of the House of Shang. of Yin or Shang, as red the esteemedor sacred colour with the dynasty was with that of Chow.
From
and

ode 3

other

places we

may

conclude that of the former

You were august and great, O royal Woo, And showed your matchless strength in every father Wan, accomplished he and true, Your

plan.

Had on the road to triumph

led

the

van.

sire obtained, The heritage you from your rule of Yin was And soon the Oppressive O'er all its hosts the victory gained, you And, firmly 'stablished, all the land you

staid.
swayed.))

Behold our noblevisitor,

The

son

His steeds,like those of his great All white and spotless shine.

of Shang's

high line.

sires,

The polished

members

of his

train

Are with him come in state. With reverence and dignity,

For his commands

they

wait.

Our noble visitor will stay But for one night or two. Glad should we be if he would think

Two nights or four were due. Bring forth the ropes to bind his steeds.
Alas !

he be

To
A

him

parting

will not bide. comfort every feast provide

given ! !

The greatest

Shouldwith

'Tis right

our- noble
their

dignity

is

his.

guest
favours

choicest

be

By men and

!) Spirits graced

X.
Woo ; narrative. THE REGULATING OP KING WOO MUSIC

The

SUNG DANCE

IN THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE TO THE IN HONOUR OP THE ACHIEVEMENTS

ted.

corrobora This account of the piece, given in the Preface, is variously The dance was made by the duke of Cliow, and was supposed in some way to represent the steps of Woo's career.)

364)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART IV)

BE

11.

III. \302\247

III.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

363)

INCOMPETENCES

TO HELP TO COPY THE EXAMPLE ; ASKS FOR COUNSEL TO DO so ; AND CONCLUDES HOW HE MEANT OF HIS FATHER; STATES WITH AN APPEAL OR PHAYER TO HIS FATHER. At

BOOK I.
SECTION

Counsel I seekto know

My feet
in my
may

the

beginning

of my sway,

How

shrined father's way

surely

III.

THE DECADE

OF

MIN

TU

SEAO\303\234 TSZE.

go.

Far-reaching
\316\271. \316\223\316\227\316\225 Min yu s\303\253aou tsze APPROPRIATE ; narrative. IN THE DECLARING HIS SENTIMENTS \317\204\316\277 THE YOUNG TEMPLE

KING
FATHER.

CHING,

OF HIS

But how I fail

The plans
to as

were, his
of

his

carry yet

great mind out his aims

life proclaims,
;

to find.
powers
his

When most my
My steps
will

I shall height,

have tried

Preface says that we have here \" the heir-son presenting himself \" in the ancestral temple.\" Of course the \" heir-son was king Ching, who was only a few years old on the death of king Woo, his father. Whether the piece was made for him on his repairing to the temple when the mourning for his father was expired,or after the expiration of the regency of the duke of Chow, we cannot tell.
The

To reachto
Or to

grand

ever
left

turn right.

aside,

the

or

I'm but

Alas for me, still but

Foralltoo
heavy

a child !
grow.
task

Aright
Or

with
That

a child, how can I hope my seat to fill, the many troubles cope
bode

soon

The cares

I shrink in sorrow from the But, 0 my mighty sire, all thy life, To filial virtue,
My

Too

of the unsettledState.
will

I know

disturbance

still ?

they

0 excellent and mighty sire, To help thy son now deign ! wisdom me inspire, With high thy
And

on

thy

throne

maintain.

Thou ever didst aspire.

great

To thee still
His
I,

grandsire,
living

though
proved,

now enshrined,

To thee,
My

as ever near, I'll try

true

virtue

As if in
And

and As reverent night day. To you, great kings, such homageI

Now

court-yard and in hall royal person moved, the little child, will be
on

In court, in house,before my Thy form shall always move.)

III.

to prove.

eye,

your

throne

will pay.)

II.
Fang loll PIECE. CEDING
The

OF KING SHOWS HIS SENSE THE YOUNG The King eke; narrative. OF HEAVEN, OF HIM TO PRESERVE THE FAVOUR WHAT WAS REQUIRED JUDGE ; INTIMATES HIS GOOD PURPOSES ; AND ASKS THE A CONSTANT TO FULFIL THEM. TO BE ENABLED HELP OF HIS MINISTEES With

narrative.

THE

YOUNG

THE FEESEEMS \317\204\316\277 \316\222\316\225\316\221 SEQUEL \317\204\316\277 AND) KING TELLS OF HIS DIFFICULTIES

reverence

I will go

Where duty's path

is plain.))

366

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.

[PAKT IV.

II.

III. \302\247

T.]

THE

BOOK

OB POETRY.)

367)

Heaven's

will

Its

favour

to

I clearly retain

know ;
say

Is hard.
Heaven

Let me not
is remote
in the
about

I receivedfrom Staffordshire another version of this piece, which gives it a more general accurate as the above character. It is not sohistorically but I think the reader will be pleased to see it. version,
The

Nor noticesmen'sway.
There

on high,

It round
And

starlit sky
us

Inspecting
daily

all we
disapproves

moves,

do,

What
Only

is not just
am I. vain

and true.
way,

a child

Treading in duty's
With Due

effort

try

reverence
throughout

Each day
How
But

to display.
the

In future let but good be wrought. I will avoid the little thing That first makes felt sin's painful sting ; on sin, bent For first the heart, when Is like the startled, timid wren, Which flutters with a trembling breast him Round hands feel for its nest. whose habit But boldergrown, through long, 'Tis like a bird with pinion strong. A throne's temptations are too great,
And

past

brings

self-condemning

thought.

slight the progress

vision

year,

bitter

evils

on me

wait.)

seems!
V.

to

the

clear

Aid then

Teach me

I'll pass from broken gleams. my feeble youth To bear the heavy crown.
the

The Tsae shoo;

FROM THE FIRST
HARVESTS OCCASIONS.

Through all my

right

life

and truth to own.)

THE CULTIVATION OF THE GROUND, narrative. ABUNDANT BREAKING OF IT UP TILL IT YIELDS SPECIALLY FOR SACRIFICES AND ON FESTIVE ;\342\200\224AVAILABLE

rv.
The S\303\252aou KING CHING ACKNOWLEDGES THAT HE pc ; narrative. HAD ERRED, AND STATES HIS PURPOSE TO BE CAREFUL IN THE FUTURE ; HE WILL GUARD AGAINST THE SLIGHT BEGINNINGS OF EVIL, AND IS PENETRATED WITH A SENSE OF HIS OWN INCOMPETENCES.

Whether this piece was intended to be sung on occasions of thanks or in spring when praying for a good year, cannot be determined. are divided on the point. It brings before us a series of pleasing Opinions pictures of the husbandry of those early times, and has more interest for the reader than many other pieces in the She.
giving,

The toilers
Where

come to
and

clearthe ground,
yet

is a reference in this piece to the king's having at least to the rumours which were propa gated against the fidelity of the duke of Chow,when three brothers of the duke joined the son of the last king of Yin against the new dynasty See what is said on this subjecton I. xv. \316\240. of Chow.
there given
credence

Evidently, I think, a measure of

Where ploughshare never

And

grass

brushwood

thick abound,
was

found.

When

of the
shun

shame the foolish thing wasp, By which I seemed to invite its painful sting. It looked a wren, that I could hold unharmed ; It grew to a fierce bird, with talons armed ! Uneasy is my head which wears the crown, And bitter trials pressme sorely down.)
future

I'll guard in

past I

think,

myself

I'll

'gainst

what

I blame ; caused me

In thousands now they gather there ; side by side, and pair by pair, The roots from out the soil they tear :\342\200\224
Some

in the

the

nor do

Somewhere

Some where the

marshes lying low ; the dry paths winding go ;

running

waters

flow.

The master see, inspecting all ; His sons, responsive to his call ; and small.)) Their households also, great

368)
With
Who And

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETET.)

[PA\303\213T IV,)

III. \316\225\316\232 I. \302\247

VI.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

369)

them
come servants

all helpful work to hired are present

are neighbours,

strong and true, do ;

too.

VI.
MUCH The L\303\253ang sze ; narrative. AN ODE OF THANKSGIVING PRESUMABLY AND GEAIN. OF THE LAND SPIEITS

Hark ! how the merry feast goes round ! The husbands'hearts with love abound ; Their wives close by their sidesare found.
Now

AKIN TO THE PRECEDING IN THE AUTUMN TO

:\342\200\224

THE

With

The

The southern acresto prepare. soil is broken by the share.

sow

they

begin

with patient

care

The toilersturn, with

The southern
kinds The different Each seed, though
form

sharp and

well-shaped glittering share,

patient

care,

acres to
of
hid

prepare.
grain
the

earth

They With When

the

life mystic the young

various grains ; each will soon appear, plants

ear
uprear.

Its

of

life

will quickly

show.

they sow. below,

their heads
rise

Beholdin lines unbroken

The
Gains

Behold their wives and children there ! to them These the cookedmillet bear, Carried in baskets round and square.

tender
daily

blades, whose
growth

before

lengthening size
our eyes

In

Luxuriant is the sprouting grain, And through it goes a numerous train, Who weed it o'er and o'er again.

seed, Clearing the ground for fruitful And rooting out the noisome weed.

light

splint

hats

their

hoes they speed,

The weeds,
And feed

The golden grain is piled on The stalks unnumbered multiply

Ere

long

their

work

the reapers
high

The milletsgrow

the ground by their decay.

from

uprooted,

die

away,

day

to day.

ply,
;
:\342\200\224

To offer To furnish

Enough

to make the at our fathers'

what at

and tall And now the goldenstalks Before the reapers, rustling, fall. built up like a walL they're Straightway High

for the

spirits sweet, feet ; rites is meet ;

fragrant

Like
Hundreds

as a

wall the

sheaves are placed,

and

comb-teeth

Anon the

Enough,when

Sit host and guest, for king The glorious banquet to afford
when
the

board
and
;

lord

The wives and The laboursof

grain is storedin haste. hold the store ; of houses

children
the

close,

interlaced.

year

fret no more are o'er.

Enough,

To

now the
aged
from

feast is o'er,
unfailing

satisfy

And cheer them

poor,
the

store.

bull we slay, This black-lipped tawny Whose horns the well-known curve display, The rites of husbandry to pay. hand to the future Thus These rites long held in Glad the ancestral ways

Nor now alone, but from

And

of old.

we
high

down
renown,
own.))

Toil reaps from

everywhere's

the
earth

story told, a thousand-fold.)

to

370)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT IV.)

I.

HI.\" \302\247

X.]

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY. the

371)

VII.)

That we
TO A SACRIFICE AND)
Thy Will

Which thou for us

course, follow

may

rightly

use

The &e e ; narrative. THE FEAST AFTER IT.) The of the sacrifice

AS

ODE,

APPROPRIATE

O king, with

didst nobly gain, we on our part

heart.)

lot,

sincerest

Preface says that this on the

day

to the entertainment piece was appropriate personators of the dead in connexion with the supplementary
after

one

of

the

temple

on III. ;\342\200\224see In
And

ii. IV.

This view,

great

however,

sacrifices in the ancestral can hardly be correct.

The
KING

IX)

robes
temple

of silk,
cap,
walks

The officer

all bright and clean, with reverent mien,

from

Hinan;
Woo.)

narrative.

CELEBRATING THE

MERIT

AND SUCCESS

OP)

the hall
at all

Straight to the porch,and looks The sheep and oxen doomedto

Backhe returns,

bleed.
heed

and

To tripods and the mighty horn the once borne. rhinoceros By

gives

good

No need for it ! The The spirits good and

feasters
mild,

drink
shrink

but

From wanton revelry and pride. is supplied this an auspice By Of the long life which those shall reap the rules of virtue keep.) Who thus

there is peace; harvest brings. Great Heaven in showing does not cease, favours And will with crown Chow's line of kings. blessing The martial sovereign, Woo, the confidence He won from all his officers retained. Their service would he the realm dispense, through And for his house security thus gained. Oh ! gloriouswas he in the sight of Heaven, to him the throne of Shang was given.) By which
Throughout
Year

our

after

year

myriad regions the plenteous

X.)
VIII.

The

Choh;

narrative.

The Lae
AN

ODE IN PRAISE OF KING

narrative.

THE

PRAISE OF

KING

WAN.

Woo.

The Preface says that this, and some of the pieces that follow, were at the shrine of king Woo the completion, made to announce by the duke of Chow, of the Wno dance, of intended to represent the achievements the king in the overthrow of Shaug, and the establishment of the Chow of a larger one which has dynasty. Perhaps all the pieces are fragments not been retained in its integrity.
host, powerful was the mighty By which the throne to Chowwas given. nursed Woo it, while the time was dark, to the will of Heaven. Submissive But when the day propitious came, He armed himself, and marched to fame.

King
And

Wan

with earnest
left

'Tis right his sons should now Lords of the realm he won.

nothing

undone.

purpose toiled,
be

styled

Oh !

Abroad his virtue we will spread ; Him in our hearts we'll shrine ; Our aim that peace established May last while lasts our line.
Through
Heaven's

him it was there cameto Chow

favour

And
We

what
have

the martial king achieved, been favoured to obtain.)

Him in our breastswe cherish Our pattern shall he be.

24 *))

and decree.
now

372)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETKY.)

[PART IT.)

BK II. i.])

THE

BOOK

OP

POETKY.)

373)

XI.)
The

Pan;

narrative.

THE

GBEATNESS

POSSESSION EEIGNING

OP THE KINGDOM, SOVEEEIGN.

AS BEEN

OF CHOW, AND IN THE PROGRESSES

ITS

FIKM
OF ITS

BOOK

II.)
OF

Oh ! great
Both
And

is now the
hills

house of Chow.

The lofty
those
those

THE

PKAISE-ODES

LOO.

we

climb,\342\200\224

whose
with

ridges far extend, peaks sublime.

flow is spread,

the Where'er o'erhead

the Along the Ho we watch Of its embanked stream. sky

so those of this of Book I. are called the Sung of Chow, As the pieces to render however, Book are called the Sung of Loo. It is impossible, terms in both cases, for we have not in this or term same the Sung by Book \" Sacrificial
rendered Ching, because of the great services duke's Pih-k'in to of [the duke granted Chow, to the kingdom eldest son, and the first marquis of Loo,] the privilege of using the royal of which Loo had its Sung, which and music, in consequence ceremonies they made were sung to the music in its ancestral temples. Afterwards in Loo other odes in praise of their rulers, which they also called Sung.\" as for there being such .pieces In this way it is endeavoured to account them, Part of the She. Confucius found the four in this Book in this of Sung ; and it was not in Loo, bearing the name we are to suppose, as he did, and he thereby them edit than otherwise do simply to him for

odes.\"'

Choo He says

:\342\200\224\" King by the

Me

truly

king

men

deem.
small,

The princes

all, both great and

promptly
on the

do I know So by this progress

Chow

My summons

own. throne.)

stablished

did not
This

like an approval of their designation. can be given ; of the name that to the discrimination of the sage. it is not complimentary but of Loo in the 1st Part. It has often been asked why there are no Fung than by saying that the pieces further The question cannot be answered called Sung, of this Book are really Fung ; but as they were wantonly their proper we have them introduced here instead of being inserted in commit
himself

is, perhaps,

the best

to anything
explanation

place. Loowas

in K'\303\253uh-fow, one of the States of the east, having its capital of Yenin the districts the of department one of name the still is which dulce of the that appointed Choo Ching king says chow, Shan-tung. is rather Chow's eldest son directly to it. Sze-ma Ts'eeu'saccount marquis of of Chow was himself appointed duke the different :\342\200\224that of his in consequence to go there himself Loo, but that, being unable ; and that the territory duties at the court, he sent his eldest son instead he termination of his regency, though was largely augmented after the at court.) still continued to remain

I.

The JC\303\253ung ; narrative.

HIS CONSTANT SEEN IN THE NUMBER The Preface
658\342\200\224626).It

CELEBRATING

AND

ADMIRABLE
AND

THOUGHTPULNESS, QUALITY OP HIS HORSES.

SOME MAEQUIS OP Loo ESPECIALLY

FOK

AS

was Shin, known as dulce He (B.C. says that the marquis four pieces of the Book to him ;)) the all indeed, refers,

371)
but

THE
it is

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PART IV.)

\316\225\316\272 \316\240. \317\200.]

THE

BOOK OP

POETRY.)

375)

of which it can be' said with certainty tbat it fourth, his time. are Confucius, in the Analects, II. ii., says, \" In the Book of Poetry three hundred pieces,but the design of all of them may be embraced in \" \" no depraved that one sentence ;\342\200\224'Have That one sen thoughts.' about the tence \" is the last line but one in this piece,the declaration being given by the sage as if it were a general marquis who is celebrated That the sage should have selected a sentence imperative injunction. from such a pieceas this to convey his own idea as to the scope and It is only less so, and of all these ancient poems is surprising. tendency

only the

belongedto

with white hairy legs ; with eyes those of fishes, some :\342\200\224men prize and size. Such horses, grand in strength our prince His thoughts without depravity, Thinks of his steeds, and such powers they evince
Some,

Like

!)

II.

it is

peculiarly

referred

to as

the causeof

Chinese,

that

this characteristic of the prince should be

of

the serviceableness

his horses. near,

QUIS

The YSwpcih; OF LOO WITH HIS LIBERATED ON BUSINESS,

allusive.

MINISTEES

1 On
The

There,sleek

the wide plains,our frontiers sleek and large, stallions,

and

AND OFFICERS

EXPRESSED

OP SOME MAR INTERCOURSE THEY DE AND OFFICERS ;\342\200\224HOW AND THE MINISTERS FEASTED TOGETHER, THEIR GOOD WISHES. THE

HAPPY

teams good horses they ! For carriage we can assign no bound ; To the duke's thoughts Turned to his steeds,lo ! thus good are they found ! 2 On the wide plains, our frontiers near, The stallions,sleekand large, appear. Those stallions, sleek and large, are seen ;
Some piebald,\342\200\224white

Pale yellow, some;

Someblack,with

large, their
some

they hind-quarters
black j

meet

appear.
some

1 How

our sight
white bay

;
;
:\342\200\224

sleek and strong, how sleek and dash along Those chestnut teams that and. late, court to bring, they Early ministers of state, Their masters,

strong,
!

In councilwise, quick
As flock
Aloft,

in

debate.

of egrets,
lighting

circlinground
on the
The

Those mastersare.

then

ground,
resound

drums

and dance, Having well drunk, they rise mutual joy enhance. thoir thus And

and

And others white, with Some chestnuts ; and somedapple :\342\200\224 gray teams strong horses they ! For carriage To the duke's thoughts no limit can we set ; Turned to his steeds,such is the strength they get !

with flushed sheen ; yellow

green,

how sleek and strong, 2 How sleekand strong, dash along ! that teams Those stallion mastersall their late and Early
Are

present
with

And

the

in the duke

palace hall,
a-drinking

fall.

the wide plains, our frontiers near, The stallions,sleekand large, appear. Oh ! sleek and large, those sprightly males Some that appear as flecked with scales ;
On

round As flock of egrets, circling 'bovethe ground, Aloft, or wheeling Anon the drums resound ; Are they. well drunk, they homeward move ; Having

Pure is the mutual

joy

they

prove.
and !
r))

Some black,

with

manes

Some white
In

of spotless

or

red,

manes

The duke's thoughts

Turned

carriage
to

yoked,

obedient
cease

dark as night

white ;
:\342\200\224

quite !

3 How sleek and strong, how sleek Those iron grays that dash along masters all Early and late, their

strong,

never

and never

his

steeds,

lo ! thus they

rule their

tire ;
fire !

Are present in the palacehall,

At

And \"

On the wide plains, our frontiers near, The stallions,sleekand large, appear. Oh ! sleek and large, those stallions bright some ; some, red and white Cream-coloured,

!
;)

:\342\200\224 express they thus ! bless our marquis years May fruitful he still maintain, His goodness may \" ! And leave to sonsin lengtheningchain remain !) May such rejoicing long

last

with the duke their prayer

a-feasting fall.

376)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAET

IV.)

\316\240. \316\225\316\272 m.])

THE

BOOK

POETET.) \316\237\316\223

37;)

III.)

IN PRAISE or SOME MAKshmiy ; allusive and narrative. CELEBRATING HIS INTEREST IN THE STATE COLLEGE, WHICH PBOBABLY HE HAD REPAIRED OR REBUILT, TESTIFYING HIS AND AUSPICING \303\217OR HIM A COMPLETE TRIUMPH OVER THE VIRTUES, TRIBES O\303\217 IHB WHICH WOULD BE CELEBRATED IN THE HWAB, COLLEGE.
Pman QTJIS O\303\217 LOO,

The

smile, His fame is great. With winning And blandest look, no haste the while, he gives forth. lessons His

3 Fair is the

It is not unlikely that the marquis in this piece was Shin, or duke He, for we know that he was engaged in operations against the tribes of the Hwae. His part, indeed, was but a secondaryone in them, and he was a follower of duke Hwan of Ts'e, who had the supremacy among only the feudal States ; but it was not for a poet of Loo to dwell on the in ferior position to which his State and ruler were reduced. To Loo had in the first place been assigned the regulation of the East ; and in this ode and the next the writer, or the writers, would fain auspice a return of its former glories. The immediate occasion of its compositionmust been some opening or inauguration have service in connexion with the repair of the State college. On \316\240\316\231. i. VIII. we have seen that the royal college of Chow was built in the middle of a circle of water ; each State had its grand college, with a semi-circular around it. There the officers of the State in autumn pool learned ceremonies ; in winter, literary studies ; in spring and summer, the use of arms ; and in autumn and winter, dancing. There were cele brated trials of archer}' ; there the aged were feasted ; there the prince\302\273 held council with their ministers. The uses which it served were very diverse, but all important.

His be the strength that knows not His be the noblecourseand sage, subdued ! By which men are 4 Our prince of Loo has virtue rare ;

The college now our prince contains. Joyous, the festive cup he drains,\342\200\224 The cup of spirits good.

The college of Our land. The mallow plants that there with We eager hand. pluck

pool,

naif-circling

round

abound

age !

His
The

reverence

we

see.
care;\302\267

His every

In peaceand His mighty

O'er

step he guardswith mould is ne. people's

war sires

him
filial

1 Fair

is the pool, half-circling round The college of our land. The plants of cress that there abound We pluck with eager hand. To it our prince of Loo draws ; nigh We see his dragon banner fly,
Free

And without Blessings

Through

with love they bend. ever paid, duty effort made, farther

his powers are deeply

are proved, moved ;\342\200\224

on

him

descend.

5 Our prince of Loo His virtue brighter

has wisdom
grows.

great

of the State, This college, glory To him its beauty owes.

The tribes of

Hwae down
from

And as
Tinkle

waving

he moves, his horses' bells

and
comes

in the wind.

His tiger chiefs

harmonious,

fast

swells

The crowd that

2 Fair
The

behind.
round that

is the

pool,half-circling
of our

wise, His questioners, like Kaou Yaou Will here rehearse their enterprise, kerns And expose. captive

The ears cut

will own his sway here will lay foes. their

We pluck with hand. eager is now our prince of Loo, Arrived team of steeds that With grandly show,\342\200\224 each of highest worth.) Steeds,

The pond-weed plants

college

land.
there

6 His
abound
Will

numerous officers,
them

all

true,

And

of a virtuous mind, zeal to with martial haste

assigned

do

The part to
Those
Then And

;\342\200\224

tribes
back here

from

their themselves

south and east expel, come to tell, triumphs

report.))

378)

THE

BOOK

\316\237\316\223 POETEY.)

[PAET

IV.)

\316\222\316\272 II. \316\271\316\275.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

370)

The duke no judge's help will need, As cairn and truthful here they plead Their claims before his court.
7

They

draw
whiz

their
the

bows,

with

bone

made

How

Their cars of Eager the

Drivers
Till A

arrows war dash

to

fleet ! swift along,

strong.

foe

meet.

o'er

and footmen weary not, the tribes of Hwae is got

entire.

victory

Your plans, So shall you

And

O prince, be firm and all those tribes subdue,

rebellion's
come,

true

quench
they

fire. owls, and

under it of the marquisate of Loo. The next stanza brings him to duke and he dilates on his He, the son of duke Chwang (B.C. 692\342\200\224661), sacrificial the military power of Loo, and the achievements services, which He might be expected to accomplish in subjugating all the territory to the east, and a long way south, of Loo. lying Kwei and Mung were two other hills in Mount T'ae is well known. Loo ; as were also Hoc and Yih,\342\200\224both of of them in the present district Tsow. The Man and the Mih were properly the wild tribes of the south and the north ; but we can only understand by the terms here the wild terri hordes south of the Hwae. Chang was a city with some adjacent of T'\303\244ng, which had been taken from Loo by tory, in the present district Ts'\303\253 \"the fields or lands of Heu,\" ; and Heu, called in the Ch'un Ts'\303\253w, but which had been parted lay west from Loo, originally a royal gift, with to Ch'ing in B.c. 710. Tsoo-lae and Sin-foowere two hills in the

the legend about whom we have read already, the 2nd stanza, comesto the establishment

of

in III. ii. I. the Chow

He then,

in

dynasty, and

present department

of T'ae-gan.

8 On wing
Our

The collegetreesamong.

those

rest

1 Solemn
Strong,

the temples stand, and

built
with

So
And

Of produce rich and rare ;\342\200\224 The the tortoise big, ivory tusks,

fruits they eat with zest, mulberry Grown birds of sweetest song. the shall Hwae tribes change their their tribute in all kinds bring

minds,

throughout From them our thoughts The mother of our Chow

still, nicest

skill.
go,

She

to KeaiigYuen and Loo.

virtue

The metals from

Their

their

mines

they

fealty

to declare.)

dig

;\342\200\224

That nought could bend. Sodid she share God's favour, and How-tseih she bore, a pang, or labour sore, Without Just when her carrying days were o'er.

grandly

shone

with

rare

On How-tseih all blessings then That millets' times were not the

came.
same,

IV.

This

IN PEAISE OF DUKE HE, AND AUSPIlaing ; narrative. A MAGNIFICENT WHICH WOULD CAREER OF SUCCESS, 31AKE Loo ALL THAT IT HAD EVER BEEN :\342\200\224WRITTEN PROBABLY ON AN OCCASION WHEN HE HAD KEPAIHED ON A GRAND SCALE THE TEMPLES OF THE STATE, OF WHICH PIOUS ACT HIS SUCCESS WOULD BE THE The

Peih

CIXG

FOB

HIM

He knew, And then

REWARD.

duke He is the hero of this piece, and the Hethe last stanza as the architect under whose superin had been put into good repair was his brother, temples \" we meet with elsewhere as duke's whom sou, Yu.\" The descriptionsof various sacrifices prove that the lords of Loo, whether permitted to use royal ceremonies and sacrifices or not, did really do so. It was not for the of Loo, to call into question the legality a minister, probably, of writer, to be the he took part aud which he considered celebrations in which of the State. He was evidently in a poetic rapture as to what his glory effusion. ruler was and would do. The piece is a geuuine bardic The poet tracesthe lords of Loo to K\303\253aug Yuen, and her son How-tseih,) There

is no

doubt that
in

sze mentioned tendence the

It under him became a school, Where husbandry men learned to know, To sow, to reap, to weed,to hoe. and red, Millets,\342\200\224the black, early, And rice that loves the watery bed;\342\200\224 All these all the land were known, through And of Yu's toils the worth was shown.
2 Long after King T'ae
Heaven's

Sooncalleda State,though

ripening quickly, and that slow, and first the pulse to sow, the wheat, where each should grow.
small,

to rule,

arose, quick to

How-tseih, in

his
divine

line,

will,
mount

South of

who eastward K'e. There

came and dwelt first was felt))

380)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

[PAET IV.)

BE II.
4 In

iv.])

THE

BOOK OF

POETEY.)

381)

The power of Chow, and Shang's Began to dwindle and decay.

fierce sway

autumn
bulls,
capped

From him
Till
To And Continuing in

we

pass

T'ae's the

see

th'

There met \"Let not

when
With

Woo's men, all fire, grand victory gained. His son, king Ching,nextwore the crown, And said to Tan of wide renown, Still as the \" Your eldest duke ofOChowwell known, uncle great, son, I will appoint to rule the State Of Loo, and there on you bestow A territory that shall grow, And afford our House of Chow.\" help Thus first did Loo a ruler get,
Who

The troops

you

'twas given Heaven. the hosts, arrayed, Woo feared, his general said, a doubt your mind possess ! is God, your arms to bless.\" of Shaiig defeat sustained ;
plain

great

of Muh

to Wan and Woo, work to do, will of both well

With
Were

comes th' autumnal rite, whose horns in summer bright

with

care

of :\342\200\224one

them

accomplished

For the great dukeof Chow ; designed One red, for all our princes shrined. And see ! they set the goblet full, In like a bull ; fashioned figure The dishes of bamboo and wood; Sliced roast meat, pig, and pottage good And the stand. Below the hall large

white,

There wheel and move

the

dancers

all.

O filial prince, sires will bless, your And grant you glorious success. Longlife and goodness they'll bestow
And

Like moon

On you, to hold the State of Loo, all the eastern land secure,
complete,

like

mountain

sure.
rage,

No earthquake's shock,no flood's wild Shall e'er disturb your happy age. And with your aged nobles three

Unbroken shall your

and
firm

The lands and Were granted

To
Whose

marquis

in the
fields,
to

east was set.

each stream at his will

In long
5 A

friendship

be,

security.)

and hill, thousand are the cars of war. on each, seen from afar, the two spears, with tassels red. In each two bows in case are laid,
Aloft Rise

him,

hold,

and many
fealty

States attached,
he watched.

From him derived, our present chief, Son of duke Chwang, now holds the fief. With dragon banner raised aloft, the pliant reins and Grasping soft,

jealously

To frames

with

Here comeshe sacrifice

to

And send abundant

In spring and autumn, no delay He makes ; but soon as dawns the day, Correct his offerings appear ;\342\200\224 The red and pure, are here :\342\200\224 victims, First for the great and sovereign Lord, Then for our sire adored. How-tseih, The victims these and own, enjoy

pay.

Guarding those cars, and all around, March thirty thousand footmen bold, And on their helmets can be told

green

strings

firmly

bound.

The shells,strung
Such

on

vermilion

is the
against

We'll
And

force our quell the tribes

King

Nor they
But
And

from

0 alone, the duke

all your

sires their

prince, do so, of Chow gifts

blessings down.
flow,

O prince,the Spirits of your dead With blaze of glory crown head your Give you long life, and richesgreat,
And

State can bring. both west and north, and Shoo go forth.
!

string

:\342\200\224

round

grace bestow.)

Of wrinkled back and hoary With counsel wise for every

you

trusty

helpers set,
hair,
care

!))

382)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PART IV.)

II. IT.]) \316\225\316\272

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

883))

You may
And

those Spiritsprosperthus,
your

make

For thousands,myriads
With 6 To

old age

vigorous,
of

bushy eyebrows,

free from

years,
fears

exact. The trees were felled, and hewn with the nicest tact, The workmen, the line, various of lengths

Using
!
While

Projected far the

rose

beamsof pine,
chambers
of

us belongs T'ae's frowning height, For all in Loo the grandest sight. Both Kwei and Mung we safely keep ; To farthest our sway shall sweep, east

the

inner

Grand are those temples

great.
State,

the

Till all the States along the sea

ToLoo

obedient

shall

be.

of He-sze skilled, New built, the work So wide, so deep, that all are filled With admiration of his art ! How well has He-sze done his part \303\215)

The tribes

of Hwae will own our might, Proud to our prince their faith to plight. Such the memorial he shall leave ! Such deeds our marquis shall achieve !

7 Both Hocand To him

Yih he shall maintain, And victory over Seu shall gain, Till all the States along the sea obedient

shall

be.

Prompt they shall answer to his call, And homage pay, his subjects all.

The tribes of Hwae,the Mih whose home Is in the north, the Man who roam The south, and tribes more southern still Shallbow, submissive to his will.

Oh And

Heaven he

the

That show Both Chaug and Heu he shall

Whatever

our prince will greatly bless, shall possess, eyebrows life, and Loo maintain; long

land

To Tan, our prince shall Then shall his joy at feast be told To his good wife, and mother old. There too his chiefs, of virtue rare, in his place, the joy shall share. Each His cup of blessing shall Like child's his teeth shall
With hoary
hair,\342\200\224an

belonged

of yore soon restore.

regain.

He

thus

shall

all

our region rule ; be full.

still old

be

seen,

age

green

9 The pines from Tsoo-lae's hill were brought, And cypresses on Sin-foo sought.)

384,)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETET.)

[PAKT IV.)

III.

II.]
of

THE BOOK

OF

POETEY.)

385)

BOOK III.)
THE

SACEIPICIAL

ODES OF

SHAN\303\226. \302\273

that the piece the sovereigns of Shang the sacrifice we cannot tell. Themusic is more prominent than the Chow dynasty, in most of the sacrificial odes of Chow, becauseduring and under Shang with libations of fragrant commenced spirits, ^sacrifices \" \" hover between heaven The departed with music. Spirits,\" it is said, and earth, and sound goes forth filling all the region of the air. Hence in sacrificing, the peopleof Yin (i.e., of Shang) commencedwith a per to call the attention of the Spirits, formance of music, wishing thereby to come to be present at the service,and who, hearing it, would perhaps enjoy it.\"

describeswas

By

which

performed

as in Book i. Shang the term Sung has again the same meaning name of the second of the three ancient dynasties, which ruled over feudal China, and remains still in the small department of Shang who appears of this dynasty was S\303\253eh, Chow in Shen-se. The ancestor Whether he to Shun. in the Book of History as minister of Instruction In Shun is a disputed point. his investiture from Yaou or from received who from S\303\253eh was a T'een-yih, the celebrated T'ang, the 14th generation of H\303\253a, and made himself master of the kingdom in overthrew the dynasty ruled His descendants to the common chronology. B.c. 1760,according in China, down to B.C. 1120, when Chow or Show, the last sovereign, was of Chow. Among them there put to death hy king Woo of the dynasty and suc were three, more particularly :\342\200\224T'ang's grandson distinguished cessor,T'ae-k\303\253ah, who received the title of T'ae-tsung ; T'ae-mow (B.C. known as Chung-tsung ; and Woo-ting (B.c. 1323\342\200\2241263), 1636\342\200\2241560), or shrines of these four sovereigns as Kaou-tsung. The temples known of the dynasty after maintained their place in the ancestral temple odes had been pre first establishment ; and if all ite sacrificial their they would nearly all have been in praiseof one or other of them. served, But at least all those of which T'ae-tsungwas the subject were lost. Of five pieces in all. we have only a small portion,\342\200\224 others the account. The we have these we have the following Of how it is that of viscount of Wei, as has been stated on i. [ii.] IX., was made viscount the sacrifices of the House of Shang ; but the Sung, there to continue into disorder, and the memorials of that State fell subsequently government seem to have been lost. In the time of duke Tae of the Shang dynasty of the ducal House, and an one of his ministers,a scion (B.c. 798\342\200\224765), received from the Grand ancestor of Confucius, styled Ching-k'aou-foo, Music-master at the court of Chow twelve of the sacrificial odes of Shang, to he returned to Sung ; and they were used in sacrificing which with tlie old kings of the dynasty. As we have only five pieces in this Book, were lost during the rather more it is supposed that seven of those twelve and his great two centuries that elapsed between than Ching-k'aou-foo HBEB was the
descendant.)

0 grand

And rise to
Him,

are Their tones,though loud, harmoniously descent. greet our ancestor's

the

! the drums,both large and for the hand, Complete in number, here in orderstand.
blent,

great

Asks

To us, the worshippers, That he, the objectof

And

by this

T'ang, of merit vast, our king music to descend, and bring

the desire

Is here. Deep are the soundsthe drums now we hear the flutes, which shrilly

soothing intense,

sense
emit,

fit

Into the
Which
Majestic Whose

diapason :\342\200\224concord great, the sonorous gem doth regulate! is our king of T'ang's great line,
instruments

such

qualities

combine.

And

with the drums have place, Large bells we hear, which While in the court the dancersmove with grace. Scions of ancient kings the serviceview, Pleased and delighted, guests of goodness true. Suchservice we received from former days, Down from our sires, who showed us virtue's ways,\342\200\224 to be meek and mild, from morn to night, How
reverently

discharge

our

parts

aright.
thus
autumn

As round

May T'ang acceptthe rites his son the summer comes, and
II.

pays,
days
!)

The Na ; narrative. SUCCESS!!!!,THE REAL ESPECIALLY

ON

APPROPRIATE OF \303\217OUNDER

TO A SACRIFICE TO T'ANG

THE

THE

SERVICE

WAS

THE MUSIC, AND ON THE PERrORilED.)

DYNASTY,\342\200\224DWELLING THE REVERENCE WITH WHICH

SHANG

The Zceh tsoo; narrative. PROBABLY, LIKE THE LAST APPROPRIATE, THE PIECE, TO A SACRIFICE TO T'AXG,\342\200\224DWELLING OX THE SPIRITS, AND ON THE ASSISTING OF THE SERVICE, AND THE GRAVITY SOUPS,
PRINCES.
VOL.

III.

25))

386)
It

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

[PAKT IV.)

III.

IV.]

THE

BOOK

OP

POETET.)

887)

this piece was used at a sacrifice to T'ang, is correct. The Preface says that it was the second of the Honoured Ones (C/iwng sung in sacrificing to T'ae-movv, But it would be Tsung), mentioned in the note on the title of the Book. and not a word in the hymn strange if we had a sacrifice to T'ae-mow, used at it in praise of him, or that can in any way be fairly interpreted
and

is the view of ChocHe that I am persuaded the view

in an open place, when a swallow suddenly made its appearance and from this came the dropt an egg, which she took and swallowed ; and birth of S\303\253eh.Compare the legend about How-tseih in III. ii. I. The im the legends ;\342\200\224the imperial editors say that we' need not believe ivas specially ordered by portant point is to believe that the birth of S\303\253eh
Heaven.

'

of him.

whose merit vast we own, ever upon us come down, deeds of grace ! Abiding,oft-repeated, And you, 0 king, receivethem in this place.
from

Alt !
What

of a King, towards the end of the piece,was the name, it is supposed, hill near the capital of Shang, to which it served as a shelter and defence.

our

sire,

blessings

By Heaven sent down,

And

The sireof

gave

to our
Shang,

Here in our vessels

And

Heretooareset
Without

T'ang

himself,
the

shine the spirits clear, much wished for, shall appear.

soups

of flavour
cunning

Tempered, and mixed,with These offerings we set forth,

He
And With

rare,
and

In Yin-land, waxing great. Thereafter God Gave to the martial T'ang His charge, that Should to each State assign its boundary.
T'ang
And

the swallow came to earth, Seeh his great mystic birth. his children long abode he

with

care.

without
honoured

a word,
lord.

to

grandly each

thus quarter
Shang,

To beg the presence of

will

contention,

and

with
the

one accord,

the

eye-brows of wrinkled

face yokes

life confer, age, and whitening hair.

of long

He got his charge, certain and stable Thus to our king the throne Woo-ting
descendant Woo-ting's Whose powers, however

First lord of

possessed the regions nine, did its lords assign. the sovereign power who swayed,
made.
conveyed. king,

is a

martial

and naves with leather adorned, bound, at the bits the eight bells tinkling sound, The feudal princes come, to take their part In all the offerings made with heart. rev'rent To us the mighty was given ; sovereignty And prosperous fortune long sent down from Heaven Our fruitful harvests clearly prove. And now Himself pleased with our service T'ang will show, on us blessings without And end bestow. While May T'ang regard the rites his son As round the summer comes, and
III. TO A SACRIFICE IN THE TEMPLE OF SHAKO :\342\200\224INTENDED ANCESTRAL SPECIALLY TO DO HONOUR TO THE KINO WOO-TING AND THE CELEBRATING MONAFvCH.
n\303\253aou ; narrative. APPROPRIATE

Ten lords, whose

A

chariots

taxed, still victory bring.

dragon

His millet dishes in

thousand there ! to

due order place.

banners

grace,

And

thus
autumn

pays,
days
!)

seas thence our borders spread, within there come to aid Our temple service many chiefs arrayed. Our hill of King for border has the Ho. 'Twas right the sovereignty to Shang should go ; And from its ruler now all honours flow.)
Lo

le extends the people

the four
the

the king's domain, to repose are fain.

And

from

space

IV.

The Heuen

has been made to S\303\253eh in the preliminary note. His mother, to the harem of the ancient K'uh, and was emperor are named Kcen-teili. The legends about the manner qf S\303\253eh's conception and others, K\303\253en-teih was bathing) various. Accordingto Sze-ma Ts'\303\253en
Eeference

The Cli'ang fall ; narrative. CELEBRATING SEEH, THE ANCESTOR OF THE HOUSE OF SHANG ; SEANO-T'OO, HIS GRANDSON ; T'ANG, THE OP THE DYNASTY FOUNDER ; AND E YlN, T'ANG'S CHIEF APVISEH. It does not appearon occasion of what sacrifice this piece was made. The of the great Te sacrifice, says it was on occasion when the prin cipal object of honour would be the emperor K'uh, with S\303\253eh as his cor26 *))
Preface

it is

said, belonged

888)

THE
when

BOOK

OP

POETKY.)

[PAET

IV.)

BE

III.

iv.]

THE

BOOK

OF

FOETET.

389

relate, and

of

in the service.
The

Shang,

and

all the previous kings of the dynasty and the early lords their famous ministers and advisers, would be associated

of S\303\253eh was a daughter of the State of Sung ; but this to be confouuded with the dukedom of Sung under the Chow Where this earlier Sung (the name for it is a diSerent Chinese dynasty. character) was, I do not know. S\303\253eh is \" the dark king \" in st. 2. Why he was so styled is a mystery. Perhaps there is an allusion to the legend about his birth, as the name \" \" for the swallow in III., line 1, is the dark bird.\" The small State \" with which he was first charged would be Sliang, which under him became \" in the genealogical listsas S\303\253eh's great.\" S\303\253ang-t'oo appears grandson. He would seem,from what is said here, to have been employed under the He'a sovereigns, as a director or president of all the other princes. From His chief opponent S\303\253ang-t'oo the poet hurries on to T'ang. the last king of H\303\253a.K\303\253eh's three great helpers was, of course, K\303\253eh, were the princes of Wei (or Oh'e-wei), Koo, and Keun-woo ; but the exact site of those principalities cannot be made out. Their lords are as being descended from Chuh-yung, a son of the ancient represented
mother

Sung is not

not from Seeh too far removed. reverence proved. His sagely greater daily influence rose, For long to Heaven his brilliant And while his acts the fear of God disclose, God for the nine regions chose. Tfang as fit model
T'ang's birth was

4 To him gave up the The ensignsof their Like to the pendants

So

princes,
rank
of

from

indulgent
used

T'ang
All

Nor hard, His royal

dignities
To
&

Heaven his greatness sprung! nor was he slow ; he did not know. nor soft, extremes were gently spread ;\342\200\224 abroad rules and wealth were gathered round his head.
no

; on him they a banner, hung

great and small,

all,

:\342\200\224

violence,

Chuen-h\303\253uh.

yin, or \316\221-hang,see the Shoo or Bookof What the shaking and peril which threatened before T'ang were we do not know.
On E 1

History,

IV. iv.

Shang

immediately

him from all the States their like a strong steed, he. And the favour he received was Such

sustainedthe load.
from

tribute

flowed,

Heaven

of Shang wisdom profound had shown, of their greatness long were known. When the flood its waters spread around, great And Yu alone to curb its power was found,\342\200\224 Yu who the regions of the land defined, And to the great fiefs boundaries assigned, Till o'er the realm was plainly marked each State,\342\200\224 Even then the House of Sung 'gan to bo great. God viewed its daughter's son with favouring grace ;\342\200\224 Ho founded trace. Shang; to him its kings their lineage
The
And

lords

omens

was given. Proof of his valour through the realm ; His steadfast soul 'mid terrors never quailed ;\342\200\224 Nor wavered ho by troublous doubtsassailed seat he struggled,and prevailed. On to the sovereign

king aloft his banner reared, his foes appeared. with reverent hand ; his battle-axe He grasped his foes could make no stand. 'Gainst the attack of blazing fire ; march like was His progress
The martial
And

in

the

field against

None could resist the torrent

Like root
Advance
with

of

his

ire.

2 He,
First

three

shoots

was the

chiefest foe ;\342\200\224

could

the

dark

Successattendant

king,

ruled
on

with a
glorious

his

powerful sway,
way. then with

with a small State charged, a large, He failed not well his duties to discharge. His rules of conduct he himself obeyed, And all to his lessons made. prompt response Next came the of ardent prince soul,

nine regions T'ang possession got ; Firstwith the lords of Wei and Koo he fought, Keun-woo's then strong chief, and Keeh of And
Of the smote.
and T'ang, the mid time, betweenSeang-t'oo came, and peril threatened Sha,ng. as its chosen son, But Heaven T'ang approved E Yun,\342\200\224 the minister for great And gave issuewon.)) a who for the king prosperous \316\221-hang,

none

made

he, and

no growth

show.

Hea

he

And from
God And

Submissively

Hea's centre, to the four seas5 goal, all owned and bowedto his control.
favour rose that

Seang-t'oo,

7 In

A shaking

in

His

Shang's

then

T/ang

House would not leave, favour to receive.)

390)

THE

BOOK

OF

POETRY.)

[PART

IV.)

BK III.

v.])

THE

BOOK

POETET.) \316\237\316\223

391)

The distant
V.) No

Keang of
dared
dwell

chief

then
who

THE WAR OF WOO-TTNG CELEBRATING The Yin moo; narrative. HAPPINESS AND ITS SUCCESS, AND THE GENERAL AGAINST KlNG-TS'OO, AND PROBABLY, WHEN A SPECIAL VIRTUE OF HIS REIGN ;\342\200\224MADE, \" THE TEMPLE WAS MADE FOR HIM AS THE K.AOV TsUJfO, PERMANENT KING OF SHANG. HIGH AND HONOURED\"

Shallye,
Transgress

what long

has beenth' unvaried

deny our sovereign claim. the much nearer than Keang,

rule

Te in homagecame;

of Shang

\" But

'Twas where

Heaven assigned to all the States within the sphere of Yu's

be shrined in the an would After Woo-ting's death, his Spirit-tablet cestral temple of Shang, and he would have his share in the seasonal sacrifices ; but several reigns would elapse beforp there was a necessity to prevent his table from being removed and for any other arrangement his share in the sacrifices from being discontinued. Hence some critics referred the compositionof the piece to the reign of Te-yih, the have last but one of the sovereigns of Shang. In King-ts'oo we have two namesof the same State combined together, as the name to notice the combination Yin-shang as we have occasion just here is more per But the combination of the Shang or Yin dynasty. use long and Shang were in common Both the names of Yin plexing. occurs in the She ; we should say, beforethe time when their combination however, but for this ode,that the name of Ts'oo was not in use at all till times in the The name King appearsseveral long after the Shang dynasty. Ch'un Tg'ewin the annals of duke Chwang of Loo, and then it gives place to the name Ts'oo in the 1st year of duke He, and subsequently opinion is that the name of disappears itself altogether. The common Ts'oodid not come into use till between four and five centuries after the If the ode beforeus be a genuine pro overthrow of the Shang dynasty. that opinion of course is incorrect. Some, duction of the Shang dynasty, of to the time of duke S\303\253ang contend that it shouldbe referred however, in favour seems to me to incline Sung ; and the balance of the argument of that view. \" The of Te,\" or \" the Te-keang,\" still existed in the time of K\303\253ang the Han dynasty, occupying portions of the present Kan-suh. Wooextended over fiftyting's reign, according to the common chronology,
nine

Their
As

capitals
business

For we the due regard to husbandry

Beforeour ' Prepare not

were placed, their princes did and to him humbly king,

called,
us

their bounds; grand rounds then every year, appear

said,
paid.'

to punish

or upbraid,
have

\" surveys,

lower world this 4 When Heaven's high glance Attention to the people first it pays. Aware of this, our king impartial was, so as justice to o'erpass. Nor punished

'Gainstidlenesshe took
So

o'er

the States

And b

all his

life he made his happiness

his rule did firm

precaution

sure

;\342\200\224

endure, secure.

Well
And Men

He blesses
6 Eagerwe
Where

His Long

as model good to all the as great ; his energy recognized loud fame through every State. rang glorious and his was life, tranquil was his end who from him descend. us and protects
served

ordered was

his capital, and grand,

land.

climbed

years.

round

and

1 Swift
And

moved
King-tsfoo

with

martial

force

he

attacked,

of Tin, resolved to win.

the king
So

he sought, Its dangerouspasses fearlessly And then its multitudes together brought. Soonwas the country subject at his feet ;\342\200\224 Such proved him T'ang's descendant meet. triumph

hewed them to the shape sought. reverent, wall from the project the beamsof pine, Long rise the pillars, large and fine ;\342\200\224 And numerous shrine.)) house for Woo-ting's peaceful this have we built
And,
we

We

felled

these

to the ground,

the King hill near at hand, the pine and cypressstand. straight

and hither

brought,

2 \"Ye \"My
Of

people/' kingdom's

thus to King-tsfoo's southern part your

hosts he said, home have made.

The States made

old,

when

the successful
haste

their

T'ang bore sway, offerings to pay.)

INDEX

I.)

OP meritorious,

SUBJECTS.)

393)
III. iii.

IV. 3 ;

Ancestors, ample

INDEXES.)

INDEX
OF

I.)

SUBJECTS.

Wan conformed to the ex of his, III. i. VI. ; the per of, III. ii. III. 3; IV. sacrifice to, III. iii. IV. 3. the serv Sacrifice ; continuing ices of, III. iii. VI. 3; VII. 1 : IV. VI. not do disgrace your [iii.] ; great, III. iii. X. 7 ; male and fe male, IV. i. [ii.]IV. ; [iii.]V. ; our, will give ear, IV. i. V. ; meri torious, IV. ii. III. 4; your, bless you, IV. ii. IV. 3, Ancestral chamber, I. ii. IV. 3 ; tem 5 ; VI. ple, II. v. IV. 4 ii. IV. 3; ; iii. IV. 2; V. 4: IV. i. See Temple ; worship, II. vi. V. ; Vi. ; vii. VI. 2 IV. ii. IV.

II.

our

IV. iii.

I. ;

sonate

Dead; See i.

See

[ii.] 4.

: III.i. III. :

[i.] I.

Parts

of the whole ly i., ii. ; Parts the stanzas and

Referencesto odesof the

are indicated ly I., II, $e. ; separateBooks of a Book ly [i.], [ii.], fyc. ; tlie odes ly I., II., $c. by 1, 2, $c. Parts are preceded by : to Books of the same Part, and same Book, ly ; .
Seek

3,4.
III.

Abode, the tranquil (of the tablet of Advice, the difficulty of giving, to a IV. iii. V. 6. bad king, II. iv. X. ; v. Woo-ting), Absence of a friend, lamenting the, I. the sovereign of Yin has no, Adviser, i. of a husband, I. ii. III. ; III. iii. I. 4. VIII. ; iii. VIII. ; v. VIII. ; vi. Affinity, by marriage, II. iv. IV. : II. ; xi. III. ; VII. viii. II. ; vii. III. 3; IX. of soldiers from their families, I. iii. Age, from age to. III. i. I. 2, 3 ; the VI. ; vi. IV. words of, III. ii. X. 4. Abundance and prosperity, II. ii. III.: Aged men, II. iv. VIII. 5; honour III. ii. IV.; iii. V.; IX. done to the, III. ii. II. ; spirits give comfort to the, IV. i. [iii.] V. Accomplished one, the (king Wan). See III. iii. VIII. 5. Longevity. Accomplishments of duke Woo of Wei, Agricultural pursuits, longing for, I. x. VIII.; described, xv. I.: II. vi. VI. : IV. i. [iii.] V. ; VI. ; Accoutrements, warlike, II. iii. III. Acred height, the, II. v. VI. prosperity of, II. ii. IV. I, 2 ; nogI. viii. VI. 3 vi. VI. 1 ; Acres, lected, II. iv. IX. 5 ; and sacrifice, I. xv. I. II. vi. V. ; VI. ; VII. ; VIII. ; ten, I. ix. V. ; south-lying, vi. 1 VII. 1, 3 ; IV. of How-tseih, III. ii. I. IV. i. [i.] i. [iii.] V. ; VI. ; newly cultivated, X. ; the threefold labours of, 111. II. iii. IV. ; defining the, III. i. III. iii. IX. 2 ; instructions in, IV. i. 4. attention [ii.] 1.; to, IV. iii. Address of Woo-ting to the people of Ah \302\241'Ah!, King-ts'oo, iii. V. 2. IV. i. [ii.]I.; iii. II. Admirable officers of king Ch'ing, III. Alarm, a note of, I. xv. II. 3. ii. VIII. Alas ! III. iii. I. ; III. 2 ; XI. 7 : IV. ; haw !, IV. iii. I. Admiration of a husband, I. ii. VIII.; i. [iii.] 1. of a lady, I. xii. X. ; of Shuh-twan, Alienation of a lover, I. xii. VII.; I. vii. III. ; IV. ; of hounds and of an old friend, II. v. VII. hunting, I. viii. VIII. ; of the duke Altar, the great, reared, III. i. III. 7. of Chow, I. xv. VI. ; of princely Altars, the border, III. iii. IV. 2. men, II. viii. IV. think of vour, 111. i. I. 5, 6 ; Ancestor, Admonition, an, I. xii. VI. ; to king like your, III. ii. VIII. 2 ; of the III. ii. VIII. to fellowCh'ing, ; marquis of Han, III. iii. VII. 6 ; of the earl of Shaou, III. iii. VIII. officers, III. ii. IX. 5 ; X. ; duke Woo's to himself, III. iii. II.) C ; How-tseih, the great, IV. ii.) \316\264,

I.

rule, saying, ii. X. 3 ; statutes and laws, III. I. 7. of the, I. iii. II. 3, Ancients, thinking 4 ; not taking II. the, as a pattern, v. I. 4 ; example of the, IV. iii. I. X. 8; Anger of Heaven, the. III. \302\241i. iii. III. moved with, III.
Ancient, iii.

I. iii.

IV. 1 ;

XI. 7; the king will the, IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; of IV. i. [iii.] X. ; XI. ; the Chow, first sovereign of Shang received, IV. iii. III. ; established, over the States, IV. iii. V. 4. II. viii. II. 2. Apron, Archer's thimble, I. v. VI. 2 : II. iii. V. 5. vii. IV.; VIII.; Archery, I. ii. XIV.: viii. XI. ; xi. II. : II. iii. IV. ; vii VI. 1 ; viii. II. 3 : III. ii. II. ; VI. 1 ; iii. II. 4 : IV. ii. III. 7. Armies, III. ii. VI. 5 ; iii. IX. I ; the royal, III. \"iii. IX. 4, 5. Armour, the king donned his grand, IV. iii. [iii.] VIII. of an, I. vii. V. ; Army, manoeuvring of an, II. viii. III. ; king marching i. WOO'B, IV. [in.] VIII. Aroma of spirits and viands, IV. i. [iii.]
their,
preserve

V.

Arrival

v. III.

in Wei, of Chwang K\303\251'ang II.

I.

Arrow,

iii. IX.
II.

4; XI. I ; 4.
3, 4.

Arrows,

III. ;

Angling, viii.

I. ii. XIII.
have

; v. V.
made.

l:

II.
2;

: II.

Announcement, I

VIII. 5.
II. 6.

III. iii,

Announcements, of success, Answer,

III. iii. VIII. 2. every word finds its, III. iii.

timely, III. iii. II.

I.

: II.

: II. VIII. 1,4:

7.

I. xv. III. 3. I. ii. XII. I. Antiquity, the lessons of, III. iii. VI. 2 ; example of, IV. iii. I. the proper subjects Anxiety, of, III.
Ant-hills, Antelope,

II.;

III.

do not think of all your, II. vi. II. ; have no doubts nor, IV. ii. IV. 2 ; of Chung Shan-foe, III. iii. VI. 8. of war, III. iii. IX. I. Apparatus II. ii. X. 2. Apartment, the honoured, Apartments, large inner, of temples in IV. ii. IV. 9. Loo, I. iii. Appeal against a bad husband,
Anxieties,

iii. III.

5.

an, flying rapidly, as an, II. v. IX. the four, III. ii. II. 3 ; put in cases, IV. VIII. ; whizzing forth, IV. ii. III. 7. See Archery. III. i. I. V. the, Arrow-thorn, I. ii. XIV. ; v. VIII. Artemisia, Artful smiles, I. v. III. 2; V. 3 ; ipeech, II. iv. X. 5. and descending, III. i. Ascending iii. I. ; II. ; IV. Heights. failure of an, I. xii. V. Assignation, I. vii. XXI. licentious, Assignations at ancestral Assistants, sen-ice, IV. i. iii. II.; in husbandry, IV. i. [ii.] I. Attendants of a lady, I. viii. IX. : iii. VII. ; of the feudal princes, II.

a;

iv. V.

straight

1.

i. [i.]

III. See

I. :

[i.] I.;

III.

inferior officers of Ch'ing I. vii. XI. of God, the, III. i. Appointment IV. iii. III. ; of Heaven, III. i. I. 4; [i.] VJ. ; iii. V. 3 ; the long acknowledged, III. ii. VIII. 4 ; the great, III. i. iii. I. 7 : IV. iii. II. ; the bright, III. ii. III. 7 ; III. Wan and Woo received their, iii. VIII. 4 ; former kings receivec)
from

to

IV. ;

superior,

I. 1:

II. : IV.i.

I. 6 ;

vii. VIII. 4. I. iii. XIV. 2. Aunts, Autumn, plants decay in, II. v. X. 2. II. vi. V. : IV. Autumnal sacrifice, ii. IV. 3, 4 ; iii. I. not standing in, of one another Awe, or of Heaven, II. iv. X. 3. Nan Chung, the, II. i. Awe-inspiring, VIII. ; Grand-master Yin, the, II. 2 iv. VII. ; king Woo,the, IV. 1, i. [i.] VIII. Axe-handle, hewing an, I. xv. V. Axes,I. viii. VI. 4 ; xii. VI. ; xv. I. : III. ii. VI. I : IV. iii. IV. 6; we broke our, I. xv. IV. Axle, I. iii. XIV. ; -ends, II. vii. IV. Azure vault, the, III. iii. III. 7.
Babbling, Badgers,

II. v. VI. 3. I. ix. VI. ; xv.

I. 4.))

394)

OF
of

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OP Owl,

SUBJECTS.) Boiling
Bonds soup,

395)
III. of the
iii.

Back

I : IV.

tie

ii. IV. 5.

aged, wrinkled, III.

vi.

ii. II. Bears and

Back-bone,

the, II.

Bags,

bottomless, I. v. Bambous,

III.

frames I. xi. III. : Bamboo II. iii. I. 2 ; screens, I. viii. X. : II. iii. IV. 1 : III. iii. VII. 2 ; hats, II. v. V. 7 : II. iv. VI. 2 ; flute, for bows,

II. iv. V.

1.

I. ; V. 1 ;

I. 3. ii. VI. 1.

a clump

grisly bears, III. iii. VII. 5, 6 ; dreaming about, II. iv. V. 6, furs 7; of, II. v. IX. 4. worse than, I. iv. V.) Beasts, See Antelope,

Duck,wild,
Eagle,

Pelican,

of,

Egret, Falcon,
Goose,

Pheasant,
Quail,

Badger,

Bear,
Boar, Bull,

Ewe, Fox,
Goat, Hare,)

Pig,

Filial dove,
wild,

the, III. Bone, bows

Booths Bottle-gourds,

III. 3. adorned with,

iii. I. 6. State, superior men

are

IV. ii. III.

Shrike,

wild,

X. 6 ; sprouts, III. iii. \316\245\316\240. Seal, Cat, wild, Hound, of Cow, Sheep, Lamb, flne, II. iv. V. 6; TO. VI. 1 : III. ii. HIStag, dishes Deer, Leopard, of, \316\240. 4 : IV. u. IV. 4. Dog, Monkev, Stallion, Ox, Tiger, Doe, green, IV. ii. IV- 5. Bands, Wolf.) I. of a stream of the i. X. Panther,) Elephant,) Banks, Joo, ; in the south, I. ii. IV. ; of the K'e, vi. VII. ; of Beautiful v. I. ; of the Ho, man, a, I. vii. XX. I. vii. XIX. a river in Wei, I. ix. VI. ; of the Beauties, flaunting, II. of western III. i. female, I. iii. XVII. ; iv. IV.; Beauty, 4, 5; \\Vei, xii. X: II. vii. VIII.; rivers, III. i. III. 2 ; of the K\303\250'ang v. III.; 3 ; of the and Han, III. iii. VIII. IV. ; of duke Chwang, I. viii. XI. ; and virtue of a lady, I. xii. IV. ; Hwae, III. iii. IX. 2, 4 ; the grace and vice of a lady, I. iv. III. ful sweep of the, II. iv. V. I ; II. of a v. on the, Beds, crickets under, I. xv. I. 5. river, dwelling IV. 6. Beginnings, small, of the House of of evil, IV. i. I. iv. IX. : iii. V. ; Chow, III. Banners, VIII.: IV. iii. IV. 6, with tortoises [iii.] IV. 3 x. II. : II. vii. VI. II. i. and VIII. 3 iii. Bells, ; serpents, 2, ; 1 : III. i. VIII. 3,4 ; ringing iii. III. 2; IV. 2 ; iv. VI. 4 of, II. vi. IV. ; V. 5 ; vii. VIII. 2 ; viii. II. i. VIII. 2 ; dragon, II. i. falcon, I. i. iii. V. 5 IV. VIII. 3 ; iii. IV. 2 : III. iii. VII. ; at [i.] IX. ; ii. IX. horses' bits, I. xi. II. 2 : IV. i. [ii.] VIII. ; ii. III. 1 ; IV. ii. III. IV. 3 ; iii. III. 4; iii. IV. of a carriage, 1 ; at the cross-board Barbarian foes, your great, III. iii. X. II. ii. IX. 4 ; eight, of horses tink 5. ling, III. iii. VI. 7, 8 ; VII. 4 : IV. Barbel, tie, II. ii. V. 1, X. ii. i. i. III. 1 ; attached to a sacrificial IV. ; Barley, [i.] [ii.J to ii. VI. 1. II. vi. V. 1 : knife, II. vi. VI. 5 ; attached Barns, banners and front-boards, IV. i. [ii]. Baroness Muh of Heu, the, I. iv. 3;

III. ii.

Horse,

Rat, Rhinoceros,

Rabbit, Ram,

Hawk,
Magpie,

Green-beaks,

Turtle dove,
Wagtail,

Sparrow, Swallow,

Bottles of spirits, two,

ISorn,

for strangers, I. iii.

Marabou,

Widgeon,

a mat

Oriole,
Osprey,)

Wren, Wan,

Yellow Bird.) III. i. II.

III. 4. Boundaries,
Bow-case

IX. 2 ;

I. xv. I. 8. better not to have been, II. viii. in an unhappy timo, III. iii.

III. ii. VI. 3. IX. ; xv. I. 6.

See Birth.

IV. iii.

III.
of

reaching to the

four

Seas,

I.

I.

II.

i. III. ;

: III.

I. i. I. :

: II. 2; VIII.:

2. I. III.

X. Barrenness of

VIII.

I. 1.

Yuen, K\303\253ang

III.

ii.

Benevolence

of

Barrows, Barter, Baskets,

II.

I. v. IV. I. iii. X. IX.

viii III.

1.

2.
viii.

III. 6; v. IV. : II.

deep,

1;

III. 8 ;

3;

IX.

: \316\240. i. Bewailing

ii.

II. ii. III. i. I. I.

Battalions, Beacon,

VI. ;

; square vii. VIII.

I. ii. : IV. i. [iii.] I. xv. I. ; fish caught in, ; V. ; of offerings, II.

I. shallow, and round,

i. III.

iii. I.
Beams

the,
6.

II. viii. III. 3. look to Yin as a, \316\231\316\240. i. I. 6 ; III. of Yin is not far distant,

8.

of

a temple, the,
II.

IV. 3;

iii. gather

V.

Beans,

II. ing, planting,

reaping,

vi. III.

Beau-sprouts,

vii. VIII. ; How-tseih III. ii. I. 4. II. iv. II. 2.)

I. ii. VI. 2, his degradation, the eldest sonof king Scuen, II. v. III. the flowers of the, II. viii. Bignonia, IX. of Chow compares him the duke Birdj I. i. self to a, I. xv. II. ; Yellow, iv. II. 1 ; iii. VII. ; xi. VI. : \316\240. III. ; a, flying up to heaven, II. vii. X. 3; a, screened and supported III. ii. I. 3 ; as a, on How-tscih, the wing is hit, III. iii. III. 14. Birds, II. iv. V. 3, 4 : IV. i. [iii.] IV. ; the cry of, II. i. V. 1 ; the III. i. VIII. 2.) White,
Betrothal,

Besotted by

the, I. ii.

XIV.
drink,

a prince III. iii.

celebrated

3.

II. 3.

See Cock,
Crane,)

Crow, Dove,)

king tiger's skin, I. xi. III. of the Bowing the head, III. iii. VIII. Woo, 6; the flrst, 5, 6. Chow (How-tseih), III. ii. Bows put in a case, I. xi. III.: II. iii. I : IV. ii. IV. 1 ; of Foo and Shin, I. 3 ; viii. II. 3 IV. i. [i.J VIII. ; III. iii. V. I ; Heaven gave, to the with ivory ends, II. i. VII. 5 ; red, II. iii. I. ; adorned people, iii. I. ; VI. ; the, of the with horn, II. father of Shang, IV. iii. III. vii. IX. ; with bone, IV. ii. III. 7 ; I. xi. II.: ii. IX. 4 ; iii. IV. Bits, III. ii. II. 3 ; two, in ornamented, 2 ; ornamented, I. v. III. 3. each chariot, IV. ii. IV. 5 ; and Bitter III. ii. VI. I ; iii. II. 4. gourds, I. xv. III. 3. arrows, Black-haired race, the, II. i. VI. 5 Braggarts, noisy, III. ii. IX. iii. IV. 3 ; heads, no, left, III. Branches and stems, I. i. X. 1 : iii. III. 2. V.'6. Blade of grain, the, IV. iii. V. at Chuo, I. xii. IX. Breakfasting Blesser, king Wan the. III. i. VII. Bream, the, I. i. X. ; viii. IX. ; xii. the great, III. i. II. 3 ; of III. ; xv. VI. 1 : II. ii. 111. 2 ; Blessing, viii. II. 4 : III. iii. VII. God, III. i. VII. 4 ; without 5. end, III. ii. V. 3 : IV. iii. II. ; he seeks Breast, beating the, I. iii. I. 4. Breast-bands for horses, II. iii. IV : the, for himself, IV. ii. III. 4. on the king from III. iii. V. 4 ; VII. Heaven Blessings, and his ancestors, VI. : III. ii. the virtue of king Wan's, I. i. Bride, III. ; the king supplicates, on his I. ; IV. ; V. : III. i. II. ; VI. II. ii. VII. ; on the aged, 1 ; praise of a, I. i. VI. ; marriage ministers, III. ii. II. 4 ; conferred by Heaven, of a, I. ii. I. ; iii. IX. ; and bride II. vi. VI. 4 ; vii. I. 1 : III. i. IX. groom, first meeting of, I. viii. III.: 6 ii. 8 IV. IV. II. II. vii. IV. ; the delicate fingers 5, ; by Spirits, of v. III. 5 ; V. ; VI. ; VII. ; vii. VI. a, I. ix. I. ; of the marquis of Han, 2: IV. i. [i.] IX.; [ii.] III. iii. VII. IV.; VI.; IX.; by king Tang,IV. iii. Bridge of boats, a, III. i. II. II. ; manifold, IV. i. [ii.1 VII. ; Brother, a younger, abroad of thinking ii. IV. 1,3,8. his elder, ix. IV. Blind. See Musicians, I. iii. I. 2; lov Brothers, unfriendly, Blood, weeping, II. iv. X. 7. ing like, I. iii. X\" 2 ; leaving, I. iii. Blue, collar and girdle-strings, I. vii. XIV. 2 ; iv. VII. ; v. V. 2 ; separ XVII. ; flies, I. viii. I. : II. v\303\274. V. ation from, I. vi. VII. ; x. VI. ; the words of, to be feared, I. vii. II.; viii. II.; Boars, wild, I. ii. XIV.; xv. I. 4 ; i\303\274. VI. 4. the close relation that should subsist Boat, I. iii. X. 4 ; XIX. ; of cypressbetween, II. i. IV. ; ii. IX. 3 ; iv. V. 1 : wood, I. iii. I. 1 ; iv. I. ; of pine, I. cold treatment v. V. 4 ; of willow, II. iii. II. 4 ; of, by the king, II. vii. IX. vii. VIII. 5 ; a little, I. v. VII. 2 ; Brotherly duty of king Ke, like II. v. III. VII. adrift, 3. a, a II. III. i. 5 on the Broussonetia. See Paper-mulberry. Boats, bridge of, ; 3 ; crossing the Bubbling of boiling soup, like IV. King, III. the, III. Wei in, III. ii. VI. 6. iii. 1. 6. I. iii. IX. 4. Boatman, Buckles, gilt, I. xi. III. Boatmen's sons, v. IX. 4. I. xi. VIII. Buff-coat, Bcehmeria, steeping the, I. xii. IV. Building houses, III. i. III. 3, 5 ; the Marvellous Boilers, I. xiii. IV.) tower, III. i. VIII. 1 ;)) Birth,

2;

the,
of

of

of

people

III.

II.

III.

III. i.

II. i.

2.

II. ;

: HI. i. V.:

4.

5.

VIII.;

I.

II.

III. ii. II. 1;

4.

III. i.

i.

II.

896) a palace,
temples, walls, Bull,

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

397)

Seay, II.

a red, II. vi. VI. 5 : sacrificing III. i. V. i ; a white and a red, 1V. ii. IV. 4 ; a black-muzzled, tawny, IV. iii. VI. ; a noble, IV. ii. VII. ; and a ram, a, IV. i. p.] VII. Bull-figured goblet, IV. ii. IV. 4. Burdens, carrying, II. viii. III. 2. III. Burdened, the people are heavily, ii. IX. one some a dead II. will, Bury, man, v. III. 6.
Burying

iv. V.

: III. i. III. 6.

II. iv. V. ; the city of viii. III. : III. iii. V. ; IV. ii. IV. 9 ; iii. V. 6 ; II. i. VIII. 3; iii. VII. 2;

ix. II. ; x. II. ; xi. xv. III. 1 : II. i. VIII. ; vii. IV. ; viii. VI. ; of the king's daughter, I. ii. XIII. ; the great, I. vi. IX. ; of vii. VIII. 1 : State, I. xi. IX. III. iii. V. \316\264 : VII. 3 ; of a general, II. i. VII. iii. IV. I; war-, II. iii. III.; loaded, II. iv. VIII. 9, 10; many, I. xi. I. : II. vi. VIL \303\215 :

II. ; III. ;

: II.

4;

III. ii. VIII.

Carriage-cover,
Carriage-horses, Horses.

II. vi. VII.

splendid,

10. See Chariot. 4.

See

IV. ii. I.

VI. ; iii. IV. 2.

I. xi.

alive,

barbarous practice
sacrificial

oflerings,

III.

of,

Bushes, clearing away, Bushy clumps, III. i. II. vii. Buskins, the great families Buttresses, vii. I.: III. chiefs) are,

VIII. 3.

IV. i. [iii.] V. VII. 2.

II.

were houses,III. i. III. (feudal ii. X. 7. Cedar, I. v. V. 4.

ii. VI. 4. III. iii.
Celebrating, iii. III.

II. i. VIII. 1, Carriage-officers, I. x. I. ; box-, II. viii. X. 4. Carts, I. xv. III. I. Caterpillars, Cats, wild, I. xv. I. 4 : III. iii. VII. 5. Cattle, herds of, II. iv. VI. ; and sheep, III. ii. II. I. Caution, exhortations to, III. iii. II. ; IX. I ; you employ, III. iii. III. 5. Caves made by T'an-foo, before there
an officer, I. vii. VI.: II. with his ; the king feasting relatives, II. vii. III. ; the services of the earl of Shaou, II. viii. III. ; king Wan, III. i. I. to VII.: IV. i. \316\231\316\240. ; V. ; VII. ; [in.] X.; the mother and wife of king

2.

of Shaou, \316\231\316\240. her own, I. iii. VIII.; to Hwang- Clothes, a queen washing i. II. 3 ; putting on, upside down, I. iii. IX. foo, viii. a bride I. iii. v. 3 I. ix. I. ; XIV. I. V. ; 3; ; making, Chariot(s), VIII. I ; vii. IV. ; V. ; viii. X. ; of mourners, I. xiii. II. See Gar xiii. IV.: II. i. VIII. 3; viii. III.: ments, Robes, & I. iii. IX. ; v. IX. ; III. iii. II. 4 ; VIII. vii. XIV. ; viii. V. ; x. description made of xi. V. ; VIII. I. xi. III. sandalo\303\255, ; like a beautiful, I. ix. VI.: II. i. IX. 3 : III. Cloud, virgius wood, iii. VII. 4. 8 ; ten large, war-, II. iii. III. of girls, I. vii. XIX. ; of at 4 ; three thousand war-, II. iii. IV.; Clouds II. iii. IV. ; VI. ; and tendants, I. viii. IX. ; of snow, II. hunting, i. VII. 6 ; an arch of, II. vi. VI. 2 ; horses, II. iv. IX. 6; a hundred, III. iii. VII. 4 ; a thousand, dense masses of, II. vi. VIII. 3; IV. ii. IV. 0 ; very large II. viii. V. 2. white, war-, IV. ii. III. 7- SeeCarriage. weather, I. iii. V. ; X. Cloudy I. xi. II. ; Charioteer, Clubs, I. xv. IV. 3. and other serpents, III. iii. V. 7 ; Cobras numerous, dreaming Charioteers, and footmen, IV. ii. III. 7. about, II. iv. V. 6, 7 ; and efts. II. ii. II. 2. iv. 6. VIII. Check, tripe and, III. I. vii. VIII. ; XVI. Cheerfulness of the people of Tsin, I. Cock-crow, ; viii.

III.

I;

II. ; III. ;

i. II.

III.

III.

x. I.

I.

Cherishing

Calabashes,

Calamity, reduced to ashesby,

used as cups,

III.

III. 2. Calumnies, rife among the people, II. iv. VIII. I, 0 ; encouragement given to, by the king, II. vii. IX. See
Cap of dulce Woo of Wei, I. v. of a, I. viii. VI. 2 ; the strings viii. 3 : IV. i. VII. wearing a, a VII. ; white, I. xiii. II. ; of [iii.] I. xiv. III. ; a deer-skin, spotted leather, II. vii. III. 1 ; peculiar, of Yin, III. i. I. 5. on one side, drunken men with, Caps
Slander.

[i.] I. ; II.;

I. 2;

I.

\316\212 !)

Wan, III. i. II. ; VI. I ; the ap of the chief of Shin, III. pointment iii. V. ; Chung III. iii. Shan-foo, VI. ; How-tseih, III. ii. I. : IV. i. X. 1 ii. IV. the [i.] ; ; representa

tree, II. i. IV. 1 ; VII. 4. Cherry Chestnut trees, I. iv. VI. 1 ; vii. XV.; x. II. ; xi. I.: xv. III. 3 : II. v. X. 4. of the, I. ii. of Shaou, memory Chief V. ; of Seun, I. xiv. IV. ; of the States of the north, III. iii. VII. 6 ; an unkind, I. x. VII. of the savage tribes, Chiefs II. iii. IV. 4 ; of Joo and Juy, III. i. III. 9 ; of the region of Seu, III. iii.

IV. i. [iii.] X.

the thought of king Wan,

Coiffure,

XIX. Cold water

gray and madder-dyed,

I. vii.

from a spring, I. iii. VII. 3 ; xiv. IV. : II. v. IX. 3. Cold of winter, the, I. xv. I. ; and heat, passing through, II. vi. III. state-, IV. ii. III. significance of, I. iii. II. a brilliant Colt, white, II. iv. II. of corn like the teeth of a, ears Comb,

Collar, a vermilion, I. I. vii. XVII.

x. III. ; a blue.

Collegeof Loo,the

Colours,

IX. 6.

Child, little Child's

II. vii. VI. 4. the old of Chow, I. vi. I.; II. Capital, I. xiv. IV.; III. viii. I. ; of Chow, [ii.]X. ; i. I. 5 ; II. 2, 6 ; IX. ; X. ; remove Celery, II. i. I. I. Cent, per cent., three times, III. iii. X. 4. to the royal, II. iv. X. 7 ; the east to the people, the ern, II. vi. IX. ; of the State of Shin, Centre of attraction III. iii. V. 2 ; of Shang, IV. iii. V. sovereign should be, III. ii. VII. '\303\254, 3 ; of the kingdom, 5 : need of reformation m the, III. the capital \302\277he, III. i. VII. 6 ; ii. IX. ; iii. I. 4. ii. IX. the of within How-tseih sowed the ground assigned Cereals, sphere Capitals, with yellow, III. ii. I. 5. Yu's labours, IV. iii. V. 3. for all, IV. iii. provision Captives, II. iii. IV. 4 : III. i. Vil. Ceremonies, V. 8 ; iii. IX. 4. See Prisoners. I. xiii. III. a in Carambola tree, Chamber, lovely girl a, I. viii. IV. ; as on the brink of a gulf, &c., should not be ashamed when Careful you II. v. I. 6 ; II. 6 ; be, III. iii. II. \316\264.the light shines into your, III. iii. I. vi. IX. II. 7. Carnation-gem, Carp, the, 1. xii. III. : II. ii. III. 6 : Changes of the seasons, I. xv. I. IV. ii. VI. Charge, Icing Seueu's, to the earl of Carriage(s), I. ii. I. ; iii. IX. ; XII. Shaou, II I. iii. V. ; to Chnng Shan3 ; XVI. 3 ; iv. VI. 3 ; IX. ; v. foo, III. iii. VI. 3, 4 ; to the mar 4 4 V. vii. IX. III. 3, ; ; ; XIV. ;) quis of Han, III. iii. VII. ; to Hoo)

tives of two former dynasties, IV. i. III. ; the duke of Sung, IV. i. ii.] IX. ; a marquis of Loo, IV. ii. .; ;ii.] duke He of Loo, IV. ii. IV. ; S'eeh, and his descendants, IV. iii. IV. ; Woo-tin\303\257,IV. iii. V.; king Woo, IV. i. [iii.] IX.

IV. i. [iii.] I. ;
teeth,

a tender, I. viii. VII. 3 ; (the king), III. iii. VIII.

IV. iii. the Comb-pin

4:
Commander

VI.
of

II. ; III. ;

IV. ii. IV.

Child-like Children,

Heaven, arrayed in X. I ; v. I. I. a wife's, I. iii. IV. ; X. ; Complaint, of the ministers of Le, I. iii. XII. ; I. v. baroness of Heu, I. iv. X.; and 1 we of the I. polisher, ; Chisel(s) of a woman, I. vii. XV. ; of hard our, I. xv. IV. 2. splintered III. i. IV. treatment by a great ofScer, I. x. Chiseled ornaments, VII. ; of a eunuch sutiering from the, I. xv. I. 4 : II. v. III. 4 ; Cicada, III. of iii. I. 6 like the noise the, ; slander, II. v. VI. ; of alienation of II. v. VII. ; of an a lady's forehead, like, I. v. III. 2. an old friend, officer on duty, II. vi. I. ; II. ; III. ; of water, a hall with a, III. i. Circlet of king Yew's queen, II. viii. IV. ; VIII. 3, 4 ; X. 6. built a great, for II. viii. of inferior against superiors, City, Hwang-foo II. iv. IX. 6 of VI. ; of an officer against his fel ; liiuibelf, Ts'e, lows, III. ii. X. SeeLament. fortifying the, III. iii. VI. 7, 8. frivolous and vainglori Civil virtues of the king, III. iii. Compliments, VIII. 6 ; and martial qualities, IV. ous, I. viii. II. breeders Peace. See III. 4. ii. of, III. iii. XI. 2 ; Contusion, all going to, III. iii. the iii. the head of the Yin-, \316\240\316\231. country Clan, XI. 4. IX. 2. of troops, II. i. VIII.; Congratulation Cluth, fine and coarse, I. i. II. 2 ;\342\200\224v. IX. IV. 1.) ; of king Ch'ing, HI. ii. VIII.))

king III. i. VIII. 1 ; though may be as, III. ii. IX. 4 ; treat people as your, III. iii. II. G.
as his,

joy, II. i. IV. the people served

8.

along with

II. ; III. 6.

of

7.
hair,
Compassion

ivory, I. iv. the guards,

III. 2. III. iii.

IV.

gray

III. 1.

Chow's,

I. xv. IV.

for the people,

the duke of III. iii. have,

Wan

Compassionate

you the

terrors,II. iv.

5.

398)
Conjunction

OF SUBJECTS.)
of the sun
of and

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

\316\237\316\223 SUBJECTS.)

309)
of

iv. IX.

moon,

II.
of

Conquest
vii.

4. Constant social duties, the, IV. i. [i.J X. II. v. VI. 2 ; IX. 5, 6, Constellation,
IX.

Conscience, people 7 : III.i. IV.

King-ts'oo,

Yin, IV. i. IV. iii. V.

[ii.] X. ;

who have no,

II.

4.

Constellations and Stars.

See Draught Oxen, Fire Star,

Hesperus,
Ladle,

Orion, Rabbit Net,

Three
Pleiades,

Hyadcs,
Way,

Sieve,

Lucifer,
Milky Contempt

iii. I.

II.

Weaving Sisters. shown to a worthy man, I. of instruction, III. iii. II. with vice, I. iv. man's own poor wife with beauties, I. vii. XIX. II. ii. X. entertainment, I. x. XI. with a feast, IV. i. [ii.]
beauty

Ting,

Stars,

III. 1. Cricket, I. x. I. ; xv. I. 5. Crime, what is my ? II. v. III. 1 ; the net of, III. iii. X. 1 ; XI. 2. Criminals indeed suffering, but the innocent also ruined, II. iv. X. 1. Crops, good, II. vi. VII. 3, 4. See
Years.

IX. ; note, III. iii. V. 5. I. iii. XIV. Covetousmen try to subvert their iii. III. 13. peers, a hundred sets of, II. iii. II. Cowries, 3. Cows, I. vi. II. Cranes, I. xv. III. 3 ; the common, II. viii. V. 6 ; the cry of, II. iii. X. the dolichos and other, I. i. Creepers, IV. ; vi. VII.: III. i. V. 6. Creeping grass, I. vii. XX. Cress,water, II. vii. VIII. 2 IV. ii.
Cousins,

Cousin, 1. xi.

Dates, (fruit),
Daughter,

of

the house

III.

Daughters,

9.

I. xv. 1. 6. a king, I. \302\241i. XIII. ; of \\Vei, i. v. V. low estimate of, II. iv. V.
of

Contrast

III. ;
flaunting Convivial Convolvulus, Convoying

of of a

Cross-board

the chief, III. iii. IV. 7. fish, I. xiii. IV. and upright, Correct the Spiritshearken to the, II. ii. III. 4, o. to Couches, sleep on, boys shall have, II. iv. V. 8 ; lolling on, II. vi. I. 4. Counsels and plans, bad followed, and II. v. I.: III. iii. III.; good rejected, duke \316\233\316\245'\316\237\316\237'\316\222, III. iii. II. Counsellors, bad, II. v. I. : III. iii. III. Country, Chow was an old, III. i. I. I ; groat, III. i. VII. 4, 5 ; reduced to order, iii. VIII. 2, 3 ; IX. 6. men without, Courage, unprincipled II. v. IV. 6. I. i. X. ; groat Court, the royal, officers of a, 1. ii. VII. ; of a duke, I. vii. I. ; early, I. viii. I. ; the open, I. viii. III. ; irregularity of a, I. viii. V. ; of the temple of Chow, IV. i. of Loo, IV. [ii.] V. ; [iii.] ii. II. ; of Tsin, pleasure and freedom I. xi. I. of iii. I. ; III. of, ; Yin, who do not come to, III. iii. princes VII. 2 ; the marquis of Hail came to, Daily inspects us, Heaven, IV. i. [iii.] III. iii. VIII. 1 ; the feudal princes at, II. ii. IX. ; vii. I. ; in a stream, VII. ; Dam a, I. iii. X. 3 ; v. VIII. ; holding, I. xiii. I. ; think IX. viii. xiv. II.: II. v. IX.; ing, of the officers at, II. vi. III. V. 1, 2,4; viii. V. 6, Court-gate, 7. IV. ii. IV. 4. Dancers, \302\267 I. ix. VI. ; x. III. iii. Dancing, I. iii. XIII. ; viii. XI. ; xii. Court-yard, II. 4\"; a durai, I. iii. XIII. 2 II. vi. IV. 4; vii. IV. 3. IV. II.: torch iii. I. ; riotous, II. vii. VI. blazing in the, II. iii. VIII. ; of a palace, II. iv. V. 5.) I. viii.VIL 1,2 : 2.) vi.VIIL Darnel,
Cook,

IX.

Cooking

III.

I. ; II. ;

I. iii. XVI. 3 : II. iv. VIII. 3 ; v. III. 1 ; distinguishing the male and female, II. iv. VIII. a. Cruelties of Yin, IV. ii. X. Cry, of birds,II. i. V. 1 ; of the oriole, i. VIII. 6 ; of wild geese, II. iii. \303\214I. VII. 3 ; of the crane, II. iii. X. ; of a male child, loud, II. iv. V. 8 ; of the infant How-tseih, III. ii. I. 3. IV. ii. IV. 9. Cubit-line, uve thousand, of walls, II. iii. Cubits, VII. ; iv. V. : III. \303\215. III. 6. Culmination of Stars, I. iv. IV. 1 ; xv. I. 1. Cultivation of the fields, the common, III. ii. VI. o. See Agricultural. I. iii. XIII. 3; XIV. 2, 3: Cup(s), II. iii. VI. 4 ; vi. V. 3 ; viii. VII.; of rhinoceros-horn, I. xv. I. 8 : II. vii. I. 4 ; the pledge-, II. v. III. 7 ; vii. VI. 1 ; viii. VII. 4 : III. ii. II. 2 ; of rest, II. vii. VI. 2 ; libation-, III. i. IV. 2 ; V. 2 ; iii. VIII. \303\263 ; calabashes used as, III. ii. VI. 4. oaths III. iii. I. 3. and, Curses, I. iii. I. 1 : II. i. VI. Cvpress-wood, '6 ; vii. III. 1 : III. i. VII. 3 : IV. ii. IV. 9 ; V. 6.
Crows,

4.

of a carriage,

II.

ii. IX.

II. ;

III. i. III.

1; III. 8;

7.

II.

: a

II.

early, I. ii. II. 3 ; VI. 1 ; X. 1 ; iii. IX. 3; iv. VI. 3 ; vii. VIII. ; viii. I. ; V. : II. v. II. 1. Day, one, like three months, &c., I. vi. VIII. ; vii. XVII. ; a lucky, II. iii. VI. ; you turn into Deteriorationof virtue brings distress, the, night, III. iii. I. 5 ; and night. See Night. III. iii. II. 12. and months, I. x. I. ; passing, Days Devotion to I. iv. VI. ; v. IV. II. v. II. 4. 5 ; of duke duty, Lew to the people, III. ii. I. XII. ib. ii. Dead, antelope, VI. ; deer, ; man, II. i. III. 6; representatives Devourers of grain, II. vi. VIII. 2 : of the, II. vi. V. 1 ; VI. 3 ; vii. VI. III. iii. III. 7. 2 : III. ii. III. 3 ; IV. ; X. 5. I. ii. VI- 1 ; exposed Dew, morning, II. i. IV. 2; of to the, I. iii. XI. ; loaded Death, and burial, I. with, two youths, I. iii. XIX. ; we should vii. XX.: II. ii. IX. 3, 4; white, I. xi. IV. ; on enjoy our good things before, I. x. II. ii. southernwood, II : II. vii. III. 3 ; is approaching, IX. ; on rushes and grass, II. viii. III. iii. IV. 8. V. 2. of Chow, I. xiii. Decay of the power the wolf's, I. xv. VII. Dew-lap, IV. ; of filial piety, I. xiii. II. Difficulties of tho kingdom, the many, Decrees,the king's bright, III. iii. IV. i. [iii.] IV. VI. 2, 3. and happiness of the personaDignity tors \"of the dead, III. ii. IV. ; and Deep, fish in the, II. iii. X. ; v. X. 7 : III. i. V. 3. riches of king Tang, IV. iii. IV. 4, o. Deer, I. ii. XII. 2 : III. iii. VII. 5 ; Disappointment at not meeting a lady, to one I. iii. XVII. ; of an officer who re -fields, I. xv. III. 2 ; calling II. i. I. ; herds of, in a another, moved to another State. II. iv. III. ; III. iii. III. 9. forest, IV. Deer-skin cap, I. xiv. III. Discretionof the people of Tsin, I. x.I. Defects in the king's duties, III. iii. Dishes, I. x!.X. ; made of bamboo VI. 6. and wood, II. vii. VI. 1 : III. ii. 111. 4 : IV. ii. IV. 4; at ancestral Degradation of the eldest son of king Seuen, II. v. III. ; of king Yew's service, II. vi. V. 3 ; with food and queen, II. viii. V. ; we are con drink, II. i. IV. 6 ; of grain, II. i. III. iii. 3. XI. V. 2 : III. ii. I. 7 ; of stantly subjected to, millet, II. v. Deluge, IX. : IV. iii. III. the, IV. iii. IV. 1. 1 correctness Demeanour, Disorder of the times, II. iii. IX. ; iv. of, in former times, II. viii. I. ; be VII. to X. ; v. I. ; II. : IV. ; IX. ; J Deportment, careful of your, III. ii. IX. X.: III. ii. IX.; 3; X.; iii. III. X.; X. 5 ; duke Woo on. III. iii. II.; of of drunkenness, II. vii. VI.; of the III. iii. VI. 2 ; of Chung Shan-foo, the of cause people, tho, III. iii. III. the marquis of Loo, IV. ii. III. i. II, 15. of III. iii. Demon, IV. 5. Dissatisfaction the, drought, and distress, III. iii. Denunciation of the Grand-master III. 3. Yin, II. iv. VII. of the officers of Ch'in, I. Dissipation Descendant, the distant, II. vi. VI. ; xii. I. VII. ; VIII. : III. ii. II. 4 : IV. i. Distance, things more difficult to over [i.] II. ; filial, II. vi. V. : IV. ii. come than, I. v. VII. IV. 4; of Nan Chung, III. iii. IX. Distent people, I. viii. VII. I ; of tho duke of Chow, IV. i. [ii.] Distilling, III. ii. I. 7. IV. 3 ; of king Tang, IV. iii. I. ; Distress, former wealth contrasted with II. ; V. 1.; of Woo-ting, IV. iii. present, III. iii. XI. a. III. Ditches, T'an-foo dug the, III. i. III. 4. Descendants, of Wan and Woo, III. i. I. 2 : IV. i. [i.]IV. ; V. ; of Shang, Dividing the land, III. i. III. 4 ; iii. III. i. I. 4; promised to the king, VIII. 3 : IV. iii. IV. 1. III. ii. III. 8 ; thousands and hun) I. iv. VI. 2 ; v. IV. 2 :)) Divination,
Dawn,

thousands of, III. ii. V. unbroken line, III. ii. II. 6 ; ensuring prosperity to, IV. i. [ii.] VII. ; iii. V. ; prayer that goodness may be transmitted to, IV. ii. II. Desolation of the State of Wei, I. iv. X. ; of the old capital of Chow, 1. vi. I.; of the country, III. iii. XI. 1. Despatching an envoy, ode on, II. i.

dreds

2;

in

400)

OP

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

401)

3 ; xii. I. : II. i. V. 3 II. 2 : IV. i. [ii.] V. ; the roll of, I. iii. V. 1 ; iii. IV. 3 ; II. v. II. 5. vi. IV. 2, 3 ; VII. 2 6 : the \316\240. iv. 4 of IV. ii. II. VI. ; chief, Diviner, ; iii. I. ; and bells, I. x. II. : iii. I. : \316\240. dreams, II. iv. VIII. 5. vii. VI. 1, 2 ; I. i. IX. ; iii. X. 4 ; fish, H. viii. V. 5 VHI. Diving, 3, 4 ; IV. iv. VIII. 11; v. X. 7. i. [i.] IX. ; hand-, IV. i. [ii.] V. I. iv. IV. 1 II. not : vii. \316\231\316\240. Dodder, Drunk, returning until, II. ii. X. 1 ; the Spirits have, or are, II. vi. Does, sleek and fat, in the Marvellous III. i. VIII. 2. V. 5, 6 ; I croon as if, III. iii. III. park, 13. I. xi. II. Dog, I. ii. \316\247\316\240. ; hunting-, 1 ; Drunkenness, IV. vii. VI. Dolichos, the, I. i. \316\240. iii. \316\247\316\240.; iv. III. 3; vi. VII.; faults in the matter Dry urovisions, VIII. ; x. XL: III. i. V. 6; fibre, i. V. 3. o'f, \316\240. shoes of, I. viii. VI. ; ix. v. \316\231\316\240. ii. VIII. 9. Dryandras, IX. 2. Ducal court-yard, I. iii. XIII. Domain. See Royal. I. vii. VIII. 1 : \316\231\316\240. ii. Ducks, wild, Domestic life, a pleasant IV. ; tho Yellow, II. vii. II. ; viii. picture of, I.
II. i. IX.
i. III. \316\231\316\240.
of

4:

II. iv. dreams, plants for, I. xiv.

3; X. 7; V. 6, 7; VI. 4 ; IV. ; with grain,

Drums,

III. ii.

I. i. I.

II. : III. i. III.

II.

: III. i.

II. 1,2 ;

I. : II.

I. i. I. 2, ii. Shaou, I. ii. V. : \316\231\316\240. and screen, between the, I. viii. VIII. ; of Ch'ing, I. vii. IV. III. ; of a recluse's hut, I. xii. III.; Duke of Chow, IV. ii. IV. 3 ; praise cricketsabout the, I. xv. I. 5. of the, I. xv. V. ; VI. ; VII. ; ex Doors of a palace, II. iv. V. 2. to the east, xv. III. ; pedition IV. ; vindicates his course,in the the, I. ii. I. ; v. IV. 3 ; xiv. Dove, \316\231\316\240. II. v. II. character of a bird robbed of its ; the small cooing, II. i. II. 3, 4; ii. V. 4. Filial, Doves, voung, I. xv. ii. Dragon, on upper robe, II. vii. VIII- Duke of Loo, the first, IV. ii. IV. 3. 1: iii. VII. 2. the ancient, T'an foo, III. i. III. ; \316\240. i. VIII. 3 ; iii. IV. Dragon-flag, Lew, III. ii. VI. ; Woo's counsels, \342\200\2422 2: III. iii. II. ; of Siing1, at the court ; vii. VIII. 2 : III. iii. VII. IV. i. [ii.] VIII. ; ii. III. 1 ; IV. of Chow, IV. i. [ii.] IX.; He of Loo, 3 ; iii. III. IV. ii. IV. II. Draught Oxen, the, a constellation, Dukes, I. iii. XIII. 3 : II. i. VI. 4 v. IX. 6. iii. IV. 7. iv. V. 6, 7 ; Dumplings, \316\240\316\231. i. III. 3. Dreams, of, \316\240. divining VI. 4; VIII. do Dust, not raise the, II. iii. II. of great I. ii. VII. ; Duties, social, IV. i. [i.] X. ; public Dress, officers, sorrow IV. i. [ii.] I. compared to au unwashed, I. iii. I. 5 ; colours of, I. iii. II. ; of a Dutifuhiess of king W\303\241n's queen, I. iv. I. III. v. III. i. II. ladv, ; ; simplicity IV. i. of/II. viii. I. V. Dykes, [iii.] and food, I. x. X. : Drink VI. \316\240\316\231. i. VII. Dynasties, the two earlier, 1 : IV. i. [ii.] III. 5; viii. VI.: III. ii. VI. 3. bhang, Hia, wine or Yin ; INDEX II. Drinking snirits, II. i. I. ; IV. ; V. : IV. ii. III. 3 ; to excess, II. ii. X. ; v. vii. VI. ; IX. Eagle, II. v. X. 7 ; like an, un the 5 ; to the full, III. ii. \316\240\316\231. : IV. i. III. i. II. 8. wing, [i.] IX. ; ii. II. ; pleasure and, II. Ear, an, laid close to a wall, II. v. vi. I. 6 ; all round, II. vi. V. 3 ; the III. 8. king happy while, II. vii. VII. ; Ears, stoprted, I. iii. XII. 4 ; cutting off the left, III. i. VII. 8 IV. ii. long life to the prince, I. xv. I. 8 ; the personator of the dead, III. ii. III. \316\264 ; I hold you by the, III. iii. IV. ; and dancing, IV. ii. II. II. 10. Driver of a chariot, I. vii. V. 3 I. iv. III. ; v. 2 ; viii. Ear-plugs, iv. VIII. III. : II. viii. I. 3. Drought, I. vi. V.: III. iii. IV. ; the Ears of grain, left in the field, II. vi. demon of, III. iii. IV. 5 ; as in a Till. 3 ; like the teeth of a comb, IV. iii. VI. year of, III. iii. XI. 4. Drummers and jinglers, II. iii. IV. 3.) Earl of Shaou, the, building the city)
Doom Door

III. 2, 3.

vii. VIII. of the

kingdom,

the,

III. iii.

V. 7.

Duck-weed, Duke of

3.

I.

III.

III.

5.

II. i.

See

II. 2;

: II.

I.

of Seay, &c., II. viii. III. : \316\240\316\231. III. ; of personates iii. of the dead. V. of Ju/s ode, III. iii. III. III. ii. IV. Early, rising, II. v. II. 4 : III. iii. II. Envoy, ode on despatching an, II. i. 4 ; instruction, III. iii. II. 10 ; IV. ii. II. ; and late, busy, feasting, Ephemera, an, I. xiv. I. III. iii. VI. 4 ; VII. 1. SeeDawn. of the bride of a marquis, Equipage this lower, I. iii. IV. See I. v. III. Earth, World. and Error, confusion, in government, Earth used in building walls, II. iii. III. iii. II. 3 ; king Ch'ing acknow VII. 2; iv. V. 3 : III. i. ledges his, IV- i. [iii.] IV. Earthen a duke, his uncle, I. xi. IX. vessel, I. xii, I.; -ware stands, Escorting, III. ii. I. 8. Eunuch, I, xi. I. ; M\303\244ng-tsze, an, Ease, a little, desired for the people, suffering from slander, II. v. VI. III. ii. IX. Eunuchs with govt., III. interfering iii. X. East, the sun in the, I. viii. IV. ; dawn in the, I. viii. V. ; hills of the, an Evening, a happy, I, x, V. with large heads, expedition to the, I. xv. III. ; IV. ; Ewes, (emaciated) VI. : II. viii. VIII. : III. iii. VI. ; II. viii. IX. 3. to the, to hunt, II. iii. V. ; Examination of prisoners, going IV. ii. III. those tribes of the, IV. ii. III. 6 ; the States of the, made to serve the Example, of the king, II. vii. bad, of king Wan, III. i. VI. 1. West, II. v. IX. ; gate, the, I. vii. IX.; good XV. ; XIX. ; xii- II. ; IV. ; V. ; Excitement of a gentleman in love, I. xii. VIII. ; X. wind, gentle, I. iii. X.: II. v. VH. I. iii. XIII.; the Excursion, Easy and indifferent, an, I. xii. II. of people, III. ii. X. 6 ; Expedition, enlightening an, to the East,I. xv. III.; was our prince, and self-possessed IV.; VI. : H.'viii. VIII.: III. iii. II. i. V. ; ii. VII. ; VIII. VI. ; to the 'North, II. i. VII. ; VIII. ; IX. ; iii. III. ; to the South, Eating the bread of office, III. iii. \316\240\316\231. 6 ; and drinking to the full, IV. i. II. iii. IV. ; viii. III. ; to the West, IX. ; field labourers, their meal, IV. II. vi. III. ; against the tribes of iii. V. the Hwae, III. iii. VIII.; IX.: IV. ii. III. ; against King-ts'oo, Eaves, crickets under the, I. xv. I. 5. the II. iv. IX. IV. iii. V. ; a hunting, II. iii. V. ; sun, Eclipsed, VI. ; the toil of an, II. viii. VI. Egrets, like a fiock of,' on the wing, IV. i. [ii.] III. ; iii. II. II. viii. X. Expeditions, manytoilsome, and egret-fan, I. xii. Experiences, IV. iii. IV. Egret's feathers, bitter, in I. ix. VII. ; of the Extortion, Wci, officers of Yin-shang, carriage, an, like egrets III. iii. I. 2. Elegant flying IV. i [ii.] III. of old people, I. Eye-brows, bushy, xv. I. 6 : II. ii'. VII. 4 : IV. i. [ii.] teeth, IV. ii. III. 8. Elephant's and 1. x. xii. VII. VIII. Elms, II.; thorny white, ; ; ii. IV. 5, 8; iii. II. II. ; Six, I. xi. VII. Eyes, clear, I. vii. XX. ; beautiful, I. viii. XI. Embankment, the, I. xii. VII. Embroidered robes, I- vii. XIV. ; x. III. ; xi. V. ; skirt, I. xv. VI. I. Eabrics, dark-yellow and red, I. xv. I. 3. Embroidery, shell-, II. v. VI. 1. the gate of the, 1II. i. III. 7. Face, a prince's, rouged, I. xi. V. ; a Enceinte, of onfall and assault, III. i. IV. iii. II. Engines wrinkled, VII. 7, 8. II. v. IV. 6. Faces,unblushing, and chiseled III. I. xi. VII. ; II. iii. IX. Engraved ornaments, Falcon, i. IV. 5. Falcon-banners, I. iv. IX. 2 : II. iii. III. 4 : III. iii. III. 2 ; VIII. 1. present, I. x. II. Enjoyment, advising the people, II. ii. X. 6. Falsehair, 1. iv. III. 2. Enlightening Enmities, the sovereign of Yin con Fame, endless, of king Wan, III. i. I. tracting, III. iii. I. 4. 2; X.; and foes of T'an-fuo, III. i. III. 8 ; of T'ae-sze, III. i. VI. 1 ; Entertainment, a royal, II. i. I. ; of II. i. a V. ; district-, of king Ke, III. i. VIL i ; virtuous, II. ii. friends, III. ; of ministers by the king, II. without fail, II. ii. V. 3 : iii. VIII. ii. VII. ; of feudal princes, II. ii. 6 : IV. i. [ii.]111. ; brilliant of the IX. ; vii. I. ; II. ; VII. ; VIII. ; marquis of Loo, IV. ii. III. 2 ; of o\303\255 relatives, II. vii. Ill : III. ii. II.;) W'oo-ting, IV. iii. V. 5.

III.6.

')) i

26)

402)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.) III. speech, worse

OF
parasites,

SUBJECTS.)

403)

Families, the great, are buttresses,

ii.

III. '

X. 7.
of

Family

Famine,

should not be too large, I. viii. VII. ; of young millet, I. xiv. IV. ; death, II. iv. X. 1, 4 : III. II. vi. VIII. 3 : three I. ix. VI. Farms, hundred, public and private, in the open, IV. i. [ii.] II. ; toiled Fat, offerings of, III. ii. I. 7. II. iii. VII. 1 ; stony, II. iv. VIII. Fat and large, IV. ii. I. : and strong, II. vi. VI. : III. ii. 7 ; laving out, IV. ii. II. 6 ; extensive, VI. 5 ; iii. V. 3 : VII. Father and mother invoked, I. iii. IV. 4 ; thought large, II. vi. VII. ; VIII. ; taken of, I. ix. IV. ; separa from the people, III. iii. X. 2. tion from, I. vi. VII. ; none to be I. iii. VI.; iv. VI. 3 ; xv. looked up to like a, II. v. III. 3. Field-work, I.: IV. i. [ii.J I.; II.; iii. V. See Parents. the decay of, I. xiii. II.; Filial feeling, of husbandry, Father the, II. vi. VII. of king Woo, III. i. IX. 3. 4 : IV. 2 -, VIII. 2 ; of war, III. i. VII. 8 ; O great and august ! IV. i. [iii.] I.; i. [ii.] VII.; [iii.] I.; of king \\Tan, II. ; Oh ! my great, IV. i. [iii.] I.; III. i. X. 3; of king Ch'ing, IV. i. [ii.]VIII. ; [iii.]I- ; of the marquis of Loo, IV. i. [ii.] III. 4 ; of the Favour of God, and of Heaven, on king's son, III. ii. III. 5 ; men of, T'ang, IV. iii. IV. III. ii. VIII. 5. on feudal princes, Favours conferred Filial vii. II. VIII. the the, II. i. II. 3, 4 ; ii. V. 4. doves, king, by Favourite, indulgence of a, by king Fingers, delicate of a bride, I. ix. I. Fir-trees,I. xi. V.: II. i. VI. 6 : III. Yew, II. iv. VIII. i. VII. 3. II. vi. Feast, a, I. vii. I. ; a private, I. vii. IV. ; V. 5 ; a parting, III. iii. V. C : VII. Fire, used in hunting, 3 : IV. i. [\303\234.] IX. like, III. iii. IV. 5 ; king drought IV. T'ang compared to a blazing, Feasting, I. iii. X. ; vii. III. : II. iii. iii. IV. 6. III. 6 : IV. i. [i.] IX. ; a bride, II. xv. I. 1. II. vii. VI. and vii. IV. ; drunken, the, Fire-star, ; I. i. IX.; X.; vi. IV.; vii. IV. ii. II. SeeEnter Fire.-wood, deliberating, Festal. XVIII.; viii. VI. 4 ; x. V.; xv. I. tainment, C : II. iv. VI. 3 ; VIII. 4 ; v. III. a pheasant's, I. iii. XIII. ; Fea\303\256her, V. 4 : 7 ; IX. 3 ; vii. IV. 4 ; viii. egret's, I. xii. 1. III. i. IV. 1 ; V. 5. Feather-figured shield, I. xi. III. iv. IX. 3; or Feathered of, consult streamers,!, Fire-wood, the, gatherers the, III. ii. X. 3. naments, III. iii. VII. 2. 2. i. I. III. 1. a screen of, 1. v!. III. ; of First-bom sun, Feathers, I. v. III. 4 ; viii. IX.; xii. III.; the wild goose, I. x. VIII. ; chang Fish, xiii. IV.: II. ii. I.; iii. X.; iv. Till. in musicing, II. iv. V. 4 ; stuck 11 : IV. i. [ii.] VI.; fresh, III. iii. IV. i. [ii.} V. frames, VII. 3 ; dreaming of, II. iv. TI. 4; various ot a beauty, I. v. Features, the pond-weed, II. vii. VII. ; III. 2 ; V. 3. among leap in the deep,III. i. V. 3 ; in thi* Felling trees, II. i. V. ; v. III. 7 : Marvellous 2; III. i. VII. 2 : IV. ii. IV. 9 ; iii. pond, III. i. VIH. V. 6. 3; v. III. 4; -net, 1. iii. XVIII. IX. 3.) viii. II. ii. men 1 are II. vii. V. ; good III.; -basket, Fence(s), a, III. ii. X. 7. SeeBarbel, Rud, Ferns, I. ii. III.: II. i. VII. ; v. X. 8. Sand-blower, Bream, Festal ode, a, II. i. I. : II. ; V. ; ii. Sturgeon,) Carp, III. ; V. ; VII. ; IX. ; X. ; iii. I.; J\304\271wan, vi. V.: III. ii. II. ; III. ; IV. See Tench, Mud-fish,) Entertainment. Yellow-jaws. of Ch'ing, I. vii. XXI. Festivity the, of an officer, I. ii. Fetid tree, the, used for firewood, I. xv. Five braidings, I. 6: II. iv IV. 1. VII.; wild boars,I. ii. XIII. entertained Feudal princes, bv the Flags. See Banners. II. ii. IX. ; vii. I. ; II. ;\"VIL; kin\302\267:, Flames, blaring, may be extinguished, II. iv. VIII. 8; troubles like, III. VIII. ; a gathering of the, II. vi. ii. X. 4.) of IV.) IX. ; X. ; establishment the,
I. vi.

IX.

king Woo,

the, IV. i. [iii.]

XI. 1 ; and iii. IV.

at a sacrifice, i. p.] VIII. ; assisting IV. ii. VII. ; VIII. ; praise of, II. ii. IX. ; vi. X. ; vii. I. : IV. i.
IV.

Flattering

[i.]

Flaw, a, in IV. 5.

V. :

III. iii.

Fields,

jade, III. iii. II. \316\264. III. Flesh, roast and broiled,
Flocks

than in

ii. IX. white

ii.

Fortifying Ts'aou,I. iii. VI.; I. 7 ; of Ts'e in the east, III. iii.

7 : IV. i. IV. iii. I.

[i.] IV

men, example of,

of predecessors, III. i. IX. and grain, II. vii. II. 2,.3. Ts'in I. xi. Till. Forces, raising, a lady to marrv, I. ii. VI. Forcing Ford, I. iii. IX. ; v. IX. of our, II. v. Forefathers, thinking II. 1; appeal to, II. v. X. 1. VII. 3. a fine, I. iv. III. ; vii. XX.; Forehead, viii. XI. Fugitives, collected, II. i. IV. 2 ; the Forest,I. i. VII. 3 ; ii. XII. ; iii. VI. : people are all wandering, III. iii. XI. 1. II. iv. VIII. 4 ; vii. IV. 2 ; viii. V. 6: III. iii. Ill- 9; troops like a, Fur-dress, I. vii. VI. ; xv. I. 4 ; II. v. IX. 4. III. i. II. 7 ; How-tseih placed in a small, II. viii. V. 4. Furnace, a, III. ii. I. 3. VIII. I. v. the Furnaces, II. vi. V. 3. of, plant Forgetfulness, 4 ; of a husband, I. xi. VII. wealth and present distress, Former Gags, the ranks with the, I. xv. III. 1 : III. u. II. 8 ; III. 2.)) III. iii. XI. 5; kings, III. iii. XI.)
Forage,

and herds, the largenessof king Scuen's, II. iv. VI. of the peach Flowers, tree, I. i. VI. ; ii. XIII. 2 ; of the sparrow-plum, I. ii. XIII. 1 ; of the plum, I. ii, XIII. 2; of the ephemeral hedge-tree, I. vii. IX. ; of the lotus, I. vii. X. ; xii. X. ; of valerian, I. vii. XXI. ; of the thorn-mallows, I. xii. II. ; of the carambola tree, I. xiii. II. ; of the cherry-tree, II. i. IV. 1 ; VII. 4 ; of the bignonia, II. viii. IX. ; of millet, II. i. VIII. 4 ; elegant as, I. ix. II.; brilliant, II. i. II. 1 ; splen did are the, II. vi. X. I. iii. XIII. : IV. iii. I. ; the Flute, ii. X. 6 ; bamboo-, II. v. V. 7 : IV. i. [ii.] V. double, the blue, I. viii. I. : II. vii. V. Fly, impossible, Flying away from sorrow, I. iii. I. 5 ; aloft to heaven, II. v. X. 7 ; egrets, IV. i. [ii.] III. citizens Followers taken from private by govt., III. iii. X. 2 ; numerous, of duke He, IV. ii. IV. 5. Folly of pursuing objects beyond one's I. viii. VII.; of not enjoy strength, ing goodthings, I. x. II. Food, spirits and, II. iv. V. 9 ; vi. VI. 3 : III. ii. VI. 4 ; bringing, to fieldlabourers, II. vi. VII. 3; Till. 4: in getting, II. IV. iii. V. ; difficulty viii. IX. 3. See Viands. II. viii. III. 3 ; of on, Foot, marching the hill Han, III. i. V. numerous, III. iii. V. 7; Footmen, IV. ii. IV. 5 ; and chariot 30,000, ii. III. 7. IV. eers, successors treading in the, Footsteps,

the city VI. 7, 8. Forwards or backwards, to impossible go, III. iii. III. 9. Fountain, a, by a recluse's hut, I. xii.
chariot and, I. vii. IV. ; V. (See Horses) ; dishes of grain, I. xi. X. ; quarters, God surveyed the, III. i. VII. 1 ; quarters, the people of the. III. i. X. 4\342\200\2246 ; seas, IV.

Four, a

iii. III.
Fowls,

III.

; v. IX. ; viii. the long-tailed, II. white. III. iii. VII. I. iii. XII. 3 \302\267 xi. v. ; xiii, Fox-furs, I. viii. I. 1. Fragrance of a sacrifice, II. vi. VI. 6 ii. I. 8. earthen walls, Frames, for building II. iv. V. 3: III. i. III. 5, IV. i. [ii.] V. music-, slandered by an old, II. v. V.; Friend, alienation of an old, II. v. VII. II. i. Friends, no, equal to brothers, IV. ; left alone in office by, II. iv. IX. 8 insincere, III. iii. III. 9, 14; the king giving repose to his,
iii.

Foxes, I.
viii. X.

I. vi.

II.
XVI.

VI. ; xv.

4 ; the

I. 4 ;

6.

: II. : III.

6;

Friendship,

and gifts, I. v. X. ; vii. ; old, I. vii. VII. ; the duty value of, II. i. V. : like hills and mountains, IV. ii. IV. 4. Front-board of a carriage, IV. ii. VIII. Frontiers of the north, guarding the, VIII.
and Frontlets,

III. ii. V. 4.

carved,

for

horses,

III.

iii.

Frugality and
Fruits,

politeness, II. viii. VII. the peach, I. i. VI. ; the plum, ; the carambola, I. xiii. III. ; grapes, sparrow-plums, dates, and bottle-gourds, I. xv. I. 6 ; I. xv. III. heavenly gourds, 2; bitter gourds. I. xv. III. 3 ; pears, II. i. IX. 1 ; medlars, II. i. IX. 3 ; II. vi. VI. 4 ; mulberries, gourds, IV. ii. III. 8 ; vessels of, III. iii.

I. ii. IX.

404) Galloping,
Garden,

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

\303\215.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

405)

horses, I. iv. X.; II. i. III. Gentlemen, slight and elegant, II. v. IX. I. viii. a, fenced with willows, V. ; peach trees in a, I. ix. III. ; Germ of life, each seed a, IV. iii. V. ; I. xv. I. 7 : II. iv. II. ; a vegetable, Gifts and friendship, II. iii. X. ; the willow-, II. I. v. X. ; part pleasant, v. VI. 1. ing, I. xi. IX. Gilt the vii. and I. Garments, holding up lower, rings, buckles, spear ends, I. xi III. XIII.; embroidered lower-, I. xi. V.; with I : Girdle, I. i. VIII 3; v. IX. the hatchet, II. vii. VIII. vi. X. 3 ; xiv. III. 2 III. i. I. 1. 4 ; viii. of ornaments Gate, the north-, I. iii. XV. ; the east-, a, I. v. V. 3 ; VI. ; vii. VIII. I. vii. XV. ; XIX. ; xii. II. ; IV. ; ; IX.; XVII.; ix. I.; xi. ; V. ; IX. : II. iii. IV. 2 ; v. V. ; o\303\255 the tombs, I. xii. VI. ; my, IX. 5 2. II. v. V. 1, of the temple, II. vi. VI. V. 2; of the enceinte, and court, Girl, a lovely, I. viii. IV. See Lady. the III. i. III. about I. i. IX.; against Girls, Han, consult the grass and fire lewdness of, I. iv. VII. ; clouds of Gatherers, wood-, III. ii. X. 3. fiaunting, I. vii. XIX. I. i. I. ij. duckweed, Gleanings left in the field for the wi Gathering, I. i. II. 2 ; the IV. ; the dolichos, dow, II. vi. VIII. 3. consolation under, I. vii. XVI. I. i. III. 1 ; plantains, mon*e-ear, Gloom, I. i. VIII. ; fire-wood, I. i. IX. ; Glow-worms, I. xv. III. X. ; viii. V. 4 ; southernwood, I. vi. II. Goats, I. v. IV. ; viii. VI. 4 ; I. ii. II. ; xv. I. : 6 ; Go-between, VIII. xv. V. vi. III. 3 ; ferns, I. ii. III. ; mus IV. ii. IV. 4. I. iii. Goblets, bull-figured, tard-plant and earth-melons, X. ; iv. IV. 3 ; x. XII. 3; dodder, God, there is the great ; does he hate ? I. II. iv. VIII. 4 ; this god (the king) I. iv. IV. 1 ; wheat, iv. IV. 2 ; is very changeable, II. vii. X. ; the I. iv. X. 3 ; sorrel, mulberry lilies, leaves, and oxlips, I. ix. II. ; liquor appointment of, III. i. I. 1 : IV. iii. III. ; king Wan in the presence of, leaves, I. ice, I. x. XII. ; mulberry iii. III. 1 ; sowthistlcs, III. i. 1.1 ; gave the command, III. xv. I. 2 i. assessors I. x. XII. 2 ; xv. I. 6 ; hemp-seed, of, III. i. I. 6 ; king Wan served, III. i. II. 3 ; is with I. xv. I. 6 ; thorn-ferns, II. i. VII.; II. i. IX. 3 ; vi. I. 1 : you,' III. i. II. 7 IV. ii. IV. 2 ; medlars, the white millet, II. iii. IV. ; sheep'sgreat is, III. i. VII. ; hating foot and poke-weed, II. iv. IV. 2,3 ; great States, turned to the west. III. II. 1 vii. VII. an II. v. II. intelligent beans, pulse, ; brought tho ruler, III. i. VII. 2 ; surveyed VIII.; cresses, vii. VIII. 2: Ill- 1 ; the king-grass,\316\240. hills, Ill.i. VII. raised the States IV. \303\234. and a for ruler II. viii. III. i. VII. 3 ; viii. II. ; the indigo-plant, them, Ke was gifted by, III. i. VII. II. 2 ; the pond-weed, IV. ii. III. king 4 ; king AVan received the blessing 2 ; mallows, IV. ii. III. 3. I. vii. IV. 2 ; xv. VI. : of, III. VII. 4 ; said to king AVan, Geese, fiying, III. i. VII. 0, 7; in accordance with I. vii. VIII. II. iii. VII. ; shootine;, the pattern of, III. i. VII. 7 ; a toe1 ; feathers of the wild-, I. x. VIII. to a, I. a virtuous lady compared print made by, III. ii. I. 1 ; gave Gem, III. ii. I. 2 ; smells a sweet ii. XII. ; girdle, 1. v. V. 3; xi. V. ; comfort, III. ii. I. 8; has reversed) ii. VI. 2; IX. : II. iii. IV. 2 : savour, II.: II. II. 4. iv. elegant as a, ix. Gems, the beautiful keu, ytwu, and /\302\241etc, I. v. X.; vii. IX.: III. ii. VI. 2; who has caused this evil time, III. viii. Jiwff' yHiig and ying stones, iii. I. 7 ; does not come to us, will III. ; stones fit for polishing, II. iii. II. IX. vi. X. 2; on \302\241i 2; not exempt me, grant me liberty, scabbard, consider me. III. iii. IV. 2, 3, 4, \303\262 the sonorous, IV. iii. 1. ; General of an arniv, the, I. vii. V. kinged by, IA\". i. [i.] IX. ; appoint 5 ; VIII. ; Fang-shuh ed grain for the nourishment of all, 3 VII. IA*. i. [i.] X.; the bright and glori an aged. II. iii. IV. a III. for i. ous, IV. i. [ii.] I. ; regardedIveang Generations, hundred, Yuen with favour, IV. ii. IA\". 1 ; tho a splendid, I. vii. XIV.) great and sovereign, IV. ii. IV. 3 ;) Gentleman,

2.

5.

: II.

2;

3; 7.

: III. ii.

3;

II.

2.

II. i.

: III.

1.4;

'

3; II.

i.

3;

i.

I.

III.

I.

: II.i.

2.

I.

4 ; the way to Chow overgrown raised up a son (of Sung\" s daughter), with, II. v. III. 2 ; dying, II. v. VII. 3 ; and founded Shang, IV. iii. IV. 1 ; the king-, II. viii. II. ; the dark, II. the favour of, did not leave Shang, cleared away viii. X. 4 ; How-tscih IV. iii. IV. 3; T'ang reverenced . the thick, III. ii. I. o; clearing God, IV. iii. IV. 3. ' to a, I. iv. a lady compared away, IV. i. [iii.] V. Goddess, and insects, I. ii. III. . Grass-hoppers III. 2. VIII. 5. Gold, pure as, I. v. I. 3. III. Good ; Grass-gatherers, consult the, III. ii. man, the, I. x. I. V. ; xiX. 3. things should be enjoyed, I. x. II. ; men I. xi. VI. ; men Grave, hoping to share the same, I. vi. destroyed, IX. neglected, L xiv. II.: II. iv. IX. 2: wheels, IL v. V. 5. III. ii. X. 5 ; iii. III. 11,13 ; a fence, Greasing of ministers of AVei, I. ix. VI. Greed iii. IIL all at ii. X. are III. 7; first, I. 1 ; men, the sovereigns of Yin Green colour, significance of, I. iii. II. the, a kind of birds, II. had no, III. iii. I. 4 ; and evil, Green-beaks, v. II. 5 ; vii. I. when you did not know. III. iii. II. wrinkled face, II. ii. and Grcv bad hair, princes distinguished 10; and VII. 5. Shan-foo, III. iii. VI. 4 ; by Chung of an officer, I, ix. III. ; at the men are going away, III. iii. \316\247. Grief, \316\264, frivolitv of some parties in Ts'aou, 6 ; faith asserted, I. vii. XVIII. II. xiv. I. I. 3. I. iii. IX. ; Oocse, wild, Grind-stones, II. iii. X. 1. Gourd-leaves, II, viii. VII. Gourds, I. iii. IX. 1 : II. vi. VI. 4 ; Groom, I. iv. VI. 3 ; of the chamber, an ode by a, II. iv. X. I. v. VI. ; the bottle-, the sparrow-, of grain, IV. i. [iii.] V. Growth I. iii. IX. ; xv. I. 6 ; the heavenly, the commander of the, III. Guards, & the bitter, I. xv. III. 2 ; the sweet, iii. IA~. 7. II. ii. V. 3 ; in long trains. III. i. III. ii. I. 4. IIL ; How-tseih's, Guests, from the feudal States, II. i. L ; responsive ode of the, II. i. A~l. ; Government, affairs of, I. iii. XV. ; error and confusion admirable, II. ii. V. ; iii. I. ; taking in, III. iii. II. their places,II. vii. VI. 1 : III. ii. I.; III. ; the 3; X. ; mis-, III. iii. II. ; VI. 4 ; and visitors at ancestral bonds of, relaxed, III. iii. IV. 7 ; abroad the king's, III. iii. service, II. vi. V. 3 ; VI. 3. spread and guiltless exchange places, VI. 3. Guilty III. iii. X. 2. L ix. VII. : II. iv. Grain springing, VIII. 7 ; four dishes of, I. xi. X. ; Gulf, careful as on the brink of a, II. v. I. 6. kinds of, I. xv. 1. 7 : IV. diflerent i. [iii-l V. ; VI. ; all kinds of, II. the, I. iv. I. ; vi. VI. 2 ; VIII. 1 IV. i. [ii.] II.; Hair, mode of keeping III. ; v. IV. 6 : II. viii. L ; II. ; of goodand abundant, II. vi. VII. 3 ; 3 a child, I. viii. VII. for horses, II. vii. II. 3, 4 ; How; garments of, and straight, II. I. xv. I. ; thick : IV. i. X. ; tseih's, III. ii. I. 4\342\200\2247 IV. ii. IV. 5, 8 ; I. 2 ; hoary, viii. duke Lew's, III. ii. VI. 1 ; pecking iii. II. ; virtue is light as a, III. iii. ; insects that destroy, up, II. v. II. \303\263 VI. 6. II. vi. VIII. 2 : III. iii. IV. 1. I. v. VIII. ; xiv. II. of, II. vi. VII. Halberds, Granaries, thousands Half-mace (libation caps). III. i. IV. 4 ; high, IA'. i. [ii.] IV. 2 ; ii. X. 6 ; a man not left, III. iii. is the mountain L\303\253ang, III. Grand, IV. 3. iii. VII. for IV. i. [iii.] VII. ; waiting I. ii. XIII. Hall, Grand-daughter, III. iii. in a, 1. vii. XIA\". ; viii. III. ; the and VIII. Grandly clearly. in the, I. x. I. ; of state, I. cricket Grand-master, Yin, the, II. iv. VII. ; xiii. I. ; of orxr prince, I. xv. I. 8 ; Shang-foo, III. i. II. 7, 8 ; Hwangwith a circlet of water, of king AV\303\244n, foo, III. iii. IX. III. i. VIII. 3,4; X. 6. sons and, II. vi. V. 6. Grand-sons, I. xv. I. 6. Hamlet, I. vii. II. Grapes, Hand, holding by the hand, I. vii. white, I. ii. XII. ; iii. XVII. Grass, VII. ; in the, III. ii. X. 6. 3 ; v. III. 2 : II. viii. IV. 1, 2 ; the I. IA*. i. [ii.] V. ; iii. I. xv. I. xv. I. 4 Hand-drums, ; ropes of, Small, L 7 ; dew on the luxuriant, II. ii. Handfuls of grain left for the widow, II. vi. VII\303\215. 3.)) of fresh, II. iv. II.) X. 2 ; a bundle

II.i.

406)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF
made

SUBJECTS.)

407)

Handkerchief, I. ii. XII. Happiness of the king, II. vii. VII. ; IV. iii. desired, II. vii. II. ; secured, V. 4 ; like mountains and rivers, II. i. VI. ; and dignity of personalere of the dead, III. ii. IV. land !\342\200\224State !\342\200\224Borders Happy, !, I. ix. VII. ; pair !, I. x. V. ; and cour teous sovereign, III. ii. VII.; VIII.; intercourse of a marquis with his officers, IV. ii. II. Hard-hearted man, a, III. iii. III. ; and soft, popular saying: about the, III. iii. VI. 5. Hare, the, I. vi. VI.: II. v. III. 6 ;

II. iv. IX. 7, 8 : IV. i. [i.]II. ; not in awe of, II. iv. X. 3 ; v. standing V. 3 ; compassionate, II. iv. X. 1 ; v. I. 1 ; III. i. [iii.] XI. 1 ; the dove flies up to, II. v. II. 1 ; the hawk civ., HI. i. V. 3 ; the phoenix do., HI. ii. VIII. 8 ; what H. confers, II. v. II. 2 ; what is my offence against ? H. v. III. 1 ; who gave me birth, H. v. III. 3 ; our parent, II. v. IV. 1 ; kindness of parents like great, II. IV. 4. v. VIII. 4 ; all under, II. vi. I. 2 : XI. ; iv. i. [iii.] XI. ; the blessing of, IV. Harem, I. i. I. ; II. ; ii. II. vi. VI. 4; vii. I. 1 ; the way of, hard I. xv. and difficult, II. viii. V. \316\212 I. 4\342\200\2247\302\267 Harvesting, ; the I. xv. 1.3; IV. I ; on lower Hatchets, way of, evident, IV. i. [iii.] HI. ; garments, II. vii. VIII.; III. i. I. \303\263.king Wan is in, HI. i. I.: IV. i. [i.J I. ; the appointment of, III. i. I 4, Hats, bamboo-, II. iv. VI. ; of T'ae \316\264 leaves, II. viii. I. 2 ; light splint, ; II. X. 2 : IV. i. [i.] VI.; i. [iii.l IV. i. [iii.] VI. III. ; the will of, III. i. IX. 2; ii. II. iii. IV. 3 ; v. X. 7 ; III. i. IX. 1; look at Yin in the light of, Hawk, V. 3. III. i. I. 7 ; the doings of High, III. i. 4 I. 7 ; not readily to be relied on, Hazel I. XIII. VI. iii. trees, ; iv. 1 ; xiv. III. 4 : II. vii. V. 3 ; III. III. i. II. 1 ; surveyed this lower i. V. 1. world, III. i. II. 4 ; like a fair deni zen of, III. i. II. \316\264 III. ; raised Head, bowing the, to the ground up a iii. \316\244\316\231\316\240. o. 6. help-meet, III. i. VII. 2 ; the three were Head of the Yin clan, the, III. iii. IX. III. i. IX. 1; in. sovereigns the king receives his dignity from, Heads of departments, III. iii. IV. 7. I. v. VIII. 3 ; pain like a, III. ii. HI. 7 ; V. 1; is sending down Head-ache, II. v. III. 2. calamities, exercising oppression, its anger, III. ii. X. 2,4, Head-dress I. ii. II. : of a princess, displaying iv. III. 6; iii. II. 12 ; enlightens the people, III. ii. X. 6; revere the anger & Heart, the toiled, of a lover, I. xii. VIII. ; of an officer, I. xiii. I. ; of changing moods of, III. ii. X. 8 ; one deploring the decay of filial is intelligent, is clear-seeing, great, I. xiii. II. of one & is with you, III. ii. X. 8 ; iii. II. piety, ; deploring the decay of Chow, I. xiii. IV. ; of 11 ; gave birth to the people, III. iii. II. v. the heir-apparent, degraded, I. 1 ; VI. 1 ; made the ministers of in his of a with their insolent father Yin III. ; disappointed disposition\302\253, at 2 it is iii. II. 11 the III. iii. I. that flushes III. king's, ; son, not, ; : III. iii. VIII. your face with spirits, III. iii. I. rest, II. viii. III. \316\264 \303\266 2 ; exerting all his, IV. i. VI. ; those whom great, docs not ap Hearts, prove of, III. iii. II. 4 ; great, son-owing, II. i. VII.; VIII.; IX. ; iv. VII. ; VIII. ; v. II. 1 ; makes no mistakes, III. iii. II. 12 ; vi. III. ; IV. ; vii. III. ; viii. I. ; does not nourish us, III. iii. III. 3; the severe anger of, III. iii. III. 4 ; V. ; IX. : III. iii. III. 1, 4 ; IV. is \316\264 down death and disorder, ; X. 6, 7. sending iii. III. 7; IV. 1; God, in. HI. Heaven, submission to, I. iii. XV. ; the great, III. iii. IV. 3, \303\263, invoked, 1. iv. I. ; vi. I. ; x. VIII. ; 6; xi. VI. : II. iv. VII. 5, 6 ; X.; v. III. I look up to the great, III. iii. IV. 3; IV.; VI. \316\264 7,8 ; X. 1 ; beheld the ruler of Chow, ; vi. III. : III. iii. III. 1 ; a visitant from, I. iv. III. 2 ; pro III. iii. VI. ; disorder does not come down from, III. iii. X. 3 ; is reprov tects and establishes the king, II. i. \316\264 VI. l\342\200\224S ; is letting down ; the son of, II. i. VIII. 1, ing us, III. iii. \316\247. its net, III. iii. X. 2,6 ; mysteriously 3 ; iii. III.; VI.; iv. VII. 3 ; X. 6 ; in 4 iii. ii. X. vii. VIII. 3, 4, \316\264 V. ; : III. 7 ; arrayed great, III. VIII. 7 ; iii. VI.; VIII. 5,6; IX.) angry terrors sending down ruin,)

VII 3, 6 : IV. i. [i.J ; iii. IV. 7 ; unpitying and unjust, II. iv. VII. ; dark but mighty, II. iv. VIII. 4, 7, 13; the ordinances of,

VIII.; [ii.]

III. iii. XI. 1 ;

X.;

IV. i. [i.] VII. ; revere the majesty the of, IV. i. p.] VII. ; How-tseih correlate of, IV. i. [i.] X. ; giving rest even to great, IV. i. [ii.] VII. ; does not weary of its favours, IV. i. was glorious [iii. ] IX. ; king Woo in the sight of, IV. i. [iii.] IX. ; the of, carried out in its time, purpose IV. ii. IV. 2 , will give great bless our ings to prince, IV. ii. IV. 8 ; is sent down from, onr prosperity the swal IV. iii. II. ; commissioned low, IV. iii. III. ; king T'ang re iii. favour IV. IV. 6 ; ceived the of, sent down a minister, IV. iii. IV. 6 ; to has given their appointments IV. iii. V. 3 ; by its will princes, iii. the kingdom IV. is inspecting V. 4. Heavens, high, and earth, thick, II. 6 ; over head one arch of iv. VIII. clouds, II. vi. VI. 2 ; the points of mountainthe, III. ii. VI. \316\264; masses reachingto the. III. iii. V. 1. Heavenly seat, the (the throne), III. the, I. vii. Hedge-tree, the acred, Height, ascending, I. i. Heights, VI. ; X. ; ix. iv. iii. VI. 1 ; vi. u. VI

IV. i. [i.]V.

the lofty

hills,

accept

my

offerings!

the sides of a, I. xi. I. ; absurdity H. iv. of dcnjing that a, is high, VIII. \316\264 ; the northern, II. vi. I. 1 ; Heaven made the lofty, IV. i. [i.] V. ; the high is looked up to, II.
Hills,

east, I. xv. III. 1 ; en II. i. VI. 6 ; during as the southern, of the north, II. ii. VII. ; grind iii. stones and gems found in, \316\252\316\231. iv. IX. 3; II. down, X.; falling ferns on the, H. v. X. 8 ; and streams, II. viii. VIII. ; God sur veyed the, III. i. VII. 3 ; our, small and large, III. i. VII. 6 ; on the west HI. of the, III. ii. VI. 5 ; parched, III. iii. iii. IV. \316\264 ; lands, and fields, of : IV. ii. IV. 3 ; Spirits VIII. \316\264 the, IV. i. [i.] VIII. 3. v. II. VII. rock-covered, Hill-tops, I. ix. I. ; xi. IV. : II. iv. Hoarfrost,
of

vii. IV.

5.

the

Hoary

i. II. 1.

rhinoceros', cups of, 1. i. III. I. 8 : II. vii. I. 4 ; a bow adorned with, II. vii. IX. on, I. growing no ? I. ii. VI. xii. VII. ; southernwood on, II. iii. Horns, has a sparrow 2 ; no old ram is without, II. vii. i. III. IV. II. ; level, II. ; VI. 6 ; don't look for, on a young an, bewailing his de Heir-apparent, II. v. III. ram, III. iii. II. 8 ; of a bull, IV. i. gradation, [iii.] VI. ; ii. IV. 4. Helmets, IV. ii. IV. \316\264. a good ruler seeks, III. iii. Horned sheep, iv. VI. I. Helpers, III. 8 ; in agriculture, IV. i. [iii.] Horse, an old, thinks himself a colt, II. vii. IX. 5 ; the master of the, V. III. iii. IV. 7. Hemp, I. vi. X. ; planting, I. viii. VI. Horses 3 ; twisting, I. xii. II. ; steeping, I. always mentioned in (almost xii. IV. ; robes of, I. xiv. I. ; -seed, teams of four'), I. i. III. ; IX. 2, iv. VI. 3; IX. ; X. ; v. III. 3; xv. I. 6, 7. xii. IX.: vii. IV. ; viii. X. ; x. Herb-flavoured spirits, III. iii. VIII. IX. 3 ; iii. VI. ; II. i. VII. \316\257,\317\214; 6. vii. II. 2, 3 ; IV. \316\264 vi 1.3; ; VIII. of game, II. iii. VI. 1 ; of Herds cattle and sheep, II. iv. VI. ; of I, 2 ; black, II. iii. III. : HI. iii. II. 4 ; with white foreheads, I. xi. pigs, III. ii. VI. 4. I. xi. II. ; piebald, I. ; iron-black, II. iv. VI. Herdsmen, left feet white with VIII. a and v. ; bay with black Hero, a, ; large mane ; yellow with black mouth ; peerless, I. x. IV. and black, I. xi. III. ; bay, I. xi. Hesperue, v. IX. 6. IX. ; bay, and red, flecked with Hewing timber reverently, IV. iii. V. 6. white, I. xv. III. 4; white with vi. X. 3 ; black mane, II. i. I. vii. VII. 1. High-way, white and blackI. ii. thunder on the southern, piebald, young, Hill, i. III. ; pie maned, and gray, II. VIII. (See South) ; hazels grow H. iii.)) bald, II. iii. IV. 1 ; yellow, ing on a, iii. XIII. 4 ; trees on)

3;

III. i. VII. 6 ; i. [iii.] XI. ; peas

IX. II. v. VI. 7. III. ; ii. III.; IV. : II. i. IX. I. 1 ; vii. IV. 4 :
2, 3,
: IV. \316\264

age, III. ii. II. 4 ; hair, IV. ii. IV. 6, 8 ; iii. II. Hoes,. IV. i. [ii.] I. ; [Hi.] VI. of, I. ix. Home, a soldier's thought IV. ; choosing a, III. iii. VII. 5. II. iii. IV. 1 : for Hooks, trappings,

VII. 1 ; v. IX. 2.

III. iii. V.
of

Hordes of Horn,

Tribes.
3;
xv.

the

the, III. i. III. 8 ; South, III. iii. II. 4. See

Keun,

4 ; VII. 2.

II.

I.

3;

H. ;

I. II.

II. ;

I.

408)

OF
bays,

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.) II.

OF vi. VIII.

SUBJECTS.)

409)

V. 6 ;
bellied,

7 ; well trained and fleet, III. ii. V. VIII 10; eager and strong, III. Husbandry, traced to its first author, iii. III. 2 ; noble, III. iii. V. 4 ; II. vi. VI. ; VII. 2 ; VIII. 2 : III. and large, III. iii. VII. ii. I. See Agricultural. long 2; of a recluse, I. v. II. strong, III. iii. VI. 7, 8 ; grand, IV. Hut ii. III. 2 ; chariots in fields, and, II. iv. IX. Huts, II. vi. VI. 4 ; made 6 ; stallions of difft. colours, IV. ii. by T'an-foo, III. i. III. I. ; II. ; tie Ruler I. viii. III. of, II. iii. VI. 1. Hwa-stan.es, a generous, II. ii. III. ; V. ; Hyades, Host, the, bringing rain, II. viii. the king as, II. ii. VII. ; IX. ; iii. I. VIII. 3. the of the III. i. IV. Hosts, six, king, Hypocrites, skilful to prevaricate, III who can hold anything? III. iii. III. Hot, 15, 16, iii. III. 5. Hounds and hunting, I. viii. VIII. ; Ice, I. iii. IX. 3; hewing out and the, catch the hare, II. v. IV. 4. Btoringin houses, I. xv. I. 8; HowI. ii. VI. 2 ; a plank-, I. xi. tseih was placed on the cold, III. ii House, III. ; a large and spacious, I. xi. I. 3; careful as if treading on, II. X. ; a bird's, I. xv. II. ; the honour v. I. 6 ; II. 6. of II. iv. X. 2 : III. i. I ed, : Idle, don't be, III. ii. X. 8 Chow,
II. v. V. C. for winter, I. xv. I. Houses, repairing, 6, 7 ; huts were before, HI. i. III. 1, 2, \316\264 ; temporary lodging-, III. ii. VI. 6 ; the hundred, IV.i. [iii.] VI.; officers have no, in the capital, II. iv. X. 7 ; the noble, II. viii. I. How admirable! how complete! IV. iii. I. Hulling grain. III. ii. I. 7. Humility, of the duke of Chow, I. xv. VII. ; recommended, II. v. II. 6 ; ancient example of, IV. iii. I.

[ii.]IX. ; long-necked,

III.

black-maned i. II. 8 ;

and whitewhite, IV. i. II. iv. VII.

Husbands,

VIII. ;

affection
vii.

Husbandmen,

I. i. X. ; ii for, VIII. ; IV. i. [iii.] V. II. vi. VII.: IV. i. I iii.l

eat
III.

grain,

See Ant,

7 ; X. 1 ;

XI. 2.

2 : III. iii.
Locust,
Scorpion,

King,

Caterpillar,
Cicada,

Silk-worm,
Sphex,
Spider,

Cricket,
Ephemera,

Sow-bug,
Tree-grub,
Wasp.

Fly,
Glow-worm,
Grasshopper,

Spinner,
of those who not, II. vii.

Grass-insect, and recorder, Inspector, get drunk, and who

do

Instruments, Intercourse, Intrigues,

III. ; counsels v. I. 4 ; my,

IV. ii.

IV.

2; origin
about

of do., III. i. building a, II.

Idleness and
Wei,
Illustration

III. i. II.
remote,
of

greed of ministers of I. ix. VI. of illustrious virtue, the, not

musical, II. vii. VI. I. viii. IV. licentious, with ladies, I. iv. IV. ; of duke Ling with the lady He'a, I. xii. IX. Investiture of the marquis of Han, III. iii. VII. ; of Hoc of Shaou, III. iii. VIII. 6.

VI. 5.

2.

Iron, III. ii.

Irregularity

VI. 6.

and

disorder

I. viii. V.
three river,

of a court,
vi.

Illustrations Imitation,

III. iii.

II. 12.

taken

from

thing\302\253

Islands,
IV. 3.
xi.

in the

Hwae, II.

virtue will secure, IV. i. king- Woo, IV. iii. VIII. II v. V. S. Imp, an, or a water-bow, of Woo-ting, IV. iii. V. Impartiality 4.

IV. ;

Islets in a ii. II.

Ivory,

X. :

IV. ; xv.

III.

VI. 2:

I. i. I. 1 ;

II. iii.

iii. X. 3 ;
II.

ii. IV.

3 ; and
I. : II.

2;
I.

ponds,

I. iv.

III. 2; ix.

i. VII. 5.

Implements
Incest,

Hunch-back,
Hundred, years,

a man above

I. iii. XVIII.

iii. V. 4. of some officers, and toil of II. vi. I. of king W\303\244n's Hunting, I. v\303\274. III.; IV.; VIII.; viii. Industry queen, 1. i. II. ; VIII. ; ix. VI. ; xi. II. ; xv. I. II. ; of a prince's wife, I. ii. II. ; of 4 : II. iv. VI. 3 ; viii. II. 3 ; expe a wife, I. v. IV. 5. the perils of the, dition, a, II. iii. V. ; VI. Infant, How-tseih, bad treatment by a, I. iii. III. ii. I. 3. Husband, IV. ; V. ; deploring the absence of a, Influence of king Wan, III. i. IV. i ; I. ii. III. ; iii. VIH. ; v. VIII. ; vi. V. 3 ; VI. ; of king Woo, III. i. II. ; xi. VII. : II. viii. II. ; desire IX. ; of manly conduct, III. iii. II. for a, I. v. IX. ; return of a, I. vi. 2 ; of S\303\253eh's lessons, IV. iii. IV. 2. III. ; vii. XVI. ; separation from a, Ingenuity, human, III. ii. VII. I. vi. V. his a, of the by famine, Grand-master Yin, praising ; Injustice o\\vn wife, I. vii. XIX. ; rousing and of Heaven, II. iv. VII. a, in the morning, I. vii. VIII. ; viii. II. v. IV.; III. Innocence, injured, I. ; and wife, happy meeting of, I. iii. X. 2. x. V. ; mourning the death of a, I. Insects, in buzzing crowds, I. viii. I. x. XI.) 3 ; the mulberry-, II. v. II. 3 ; that)

springs, the. III. ii. VI. 3 ; fe, III. 10 ; XI. 7 ; houses, the, IV. i. [iii.] VI. and thirst, troops have to en Hunger
iii. III.

III.

I. x. XI. 4, i. I. 2; sons,

5; generation\302\253, III. i. VI. 1;

a, I. xi. VI.

I. viii. VI. ; IX. ; X. Inditference and absence of a lover, I vii. XVII. ; of fellow-officers, III.

VIII. 1.

of

husbandry,

II.

vi.

I. iv. III. 2 ; v. I. 3 : III.i.IV. Jade, V. 2; ii. VI. 2; iii. VIII. 5; \316\264;

bland

and

soft,

ii. X.

dom, HI. Indigo plant,

Indolence, no, IV. Indulgence

Indignation

rife in the Middle king I. 6. the, II. viii. II. 2. allowed himself Woo-ting
iii.

sceptres and Jar,

dure, II. i. VII.

2,

6.

others,

of, III. ii. IX. a. pitcher, II. v. VIII. 3 ; of spirits, III. iii. VIII. 5. a precious, I. xi. IX. Jasper, Tae-sze's freedom from, I. i, Jealousy, IV. ; V. ; cured, I. ii. XI. Joke, mailing a, of what is sad, III. ii. X. 4. I. vi. Joy, at the return of a husband,

III. ; -mace, likea, a mace of white,

as a piece of, I. xi. III. ii. VIII. 6 ; 111. iii. II. 5 ;

X. Judges, without having appealed to Kings,Avise, III. i. IX. 1 : the former, the, IV. ii. 111. 6. III. iii. II. 3 ; XI. 7 : IV. i. [i.] IV. x. ix. III. iii. VII. : I. ; Jujube-tree, the royal, II. iii. III. : III. VIII. ; XI. ; xi. VI. ; xii. VI. ; Kingdom, i. I. 3 ; iii. VIII. ; the miserable siv. HI.: II. ii. X. 3 ; vii. V. 2.) of state tie, II. iv. VII. ; VIII. ; IX. ; X. ; viii. IX. : III. ii. IX. ; iii. I. ; throwingthe, into confusion, II. vii. V. 2; the centre of the. III. III. iii. ii. IX. ; iii. I. : the Middle, satiated with, HI. 11. ill. vindness, 1.6. X. Heaven ii. 5 1 ; we show no, III. ; I. xiii. II. ; reo, white, us no, III. iii. X. 1 : of king Knee-covers, \302\253hows II. iii. IV.; V.;)) I. xiv. II.: IV. i. II.) Wan,

III.

the tranquillizing, I. ii. XII. ; the, orders an expedition, II. iii. III.; the claws and teeth of the, II. iv. I.; blaming the, II. iv. VII. ; X. ; v. I. ; vii. IX. ; X. : III. iii. X. ; XI. ; II. v. III. ; led away by slanderers, IV.: III. iii. XI. 3; praise of the, by the feudal princes, and response, II. vi. IX. ; X. ; vii. VII. ; prayers for the, II. vii. II. ; Wan is on high, III. i. I. ; not easy to be a, III. i. II. 1 ; celebrating, Wan, III. i. I. to X. ; praise of, Ke, III. i. VIL 4 , of, Ch'ing, and, K'ang, IV. praise i. [i.] IX. ; praise of. Woo, III. i. IX. : IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; IX. ; [ii.] X. ; [iii.] VIII. ; IX. ; praise of, of Seuen, III. iii. IX, 3; praise some, III. ii. V. ; Heaven is putting an end to our, III. iii. III. 7 ; Seuen, on the great drought, III. iii. IV. ; tie marquis of Seuen, appointing Shin, III. iii. V. ; Seuen, appointing the marquis of Han, III. iii. VII. ; Seuen, gave charge to Hoo of Shaou, III. iii. VIII. 3 ; Seuen, gave charge III. iii. IX. ; the, to Hwang-foo, ; gives rules, IV. i. [ii.] I. ; VIII. IV.i. [iii.] VIII.; IX.; themartial, iii. II. ; IV. 6 ; the dark (Sech), IV. iii. IV. 2; the, of Shang, IV. iii. IV. 7 ; V. King's, daughter, I. ii. XIII. ; busi ness, I. iii. XV.; v. VIII.; x. VIII.: VII. II. i. ; IX. ; ; VIII. vi. I. ; II. ; III. ; envoy, a request to, I. x. IX. ; State, HI. iii. Mil. 2, 3 ; cause, people of Ts'in ready I. xi. VIII.; to fight for their, feasts, II. ii. VII. ; IX. ; iii. I. ; ii. II. ; all vii. I. ; II. ; III. : the land and people are the, II. vi. I. 2; heart at rest, II. viii. HI. 5 : III. iii. VIII. ; throat and tongue, III. iii. VI. 3; duties, III. Hi. VI. III. iii. VII. 1; 6; appointment, III. iii. IX. \316\262 ; army, IV. i. plans, I. ix. II : [iii.] VIII.; relations, II. vii. III. ; IX. : III. ii. II. ; III. ;

II.;

HI.

410)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

411)

iv. V. 8 ; vi. IX. 1 ; vii. VIII. lessons of antiquity are his, III. iii. VI. 2. 3. Knife and file, I. v.l. 1 ; with bells Laws, and rules given by Wan and III. II. vi. VI. 5. Woo, III. i. IV. 5 ; ancient, attached, iii. I. 7 ; wise, of former kings. III. the name of a fish, I.viii. IX. 1. Ewfin, iii. II. 3. an edible, plant I. xv. I. 6. Kicei, IV. i. [ii.] II. ; a hundred, Le, thirty, III. iii. III. 10 ; a thousand, of the IV. IV. iii. Labours, Yu's, sphere iii. III. V. 3. a simple-looking, I. v. IV. 1 ; a Learner, 1 king Ching a, IV. i. \316\223\317\213\316\257 Lad, I. v. VI. conceited, II.; III. viii. III. i. I. VII. vermilion-coloured, 7Leather, Ladders,scaling, X. ; naves of wheels bound with, Lading out water, III. ii. VII. II. iii. IV. 2 : IV. iii. II. ; caps, II. v. IX. 7. Ladle, the, a constellation, I. II. vii. III. ; leaning-board bound VI. ; IX. ; ii. I. i. Lady, young\302\267, I. ; \303\217V. with. III. iii. VII. 2. ; VI. ; iii. XIV. ; XVII. ; v. V. ; xiv. II. ; princely, I. i. IV. ; Leaves, of the gourd, I. iii. IX. ; of the dolichos, I. i. II. 1 ; of the mul virtuous, I. ii. XII. ; xii. IV. ; de to her lover, berry-tree, I. v. IV. : III. iii. III. claring her attachment 1 ; withered, I. vii. XI. ; of the for marriage, I. vii. XIII. ; anxious I. ii. IX. ; iv. VII. ; rejoicing in willow, I. xii. V. ; of the pear-tree, II. i. IX. 2 ; hats of t'ae-, II. viii. an unlawful connection, I. vii. XX.; I. 2 ; of rushes, III. ii. II. I. for her lover, I. vi. VIII. ; longing of How-tseih, III. ii. I. vii. XVII. the aliena Legend ; lamenting the royal, III. iii. IX. 5. tion of her lover, I. xii. VII. ; warn Legions, Legs, ulcerated and swollen, II. v. ing off her lover, I. vii. II. ; passion IV. 6. ate love for a beautiful, I. xii. VIII.; vii. IX. X. ; praise of a, I. Leisure, no, II. viii. VIII. ; X. ; Ke'ang, I. vii. VI. 2 ; x. VII. i. III. III. 2 her a, Leopard-skin, the, ; mocking a king's anxiety about a morn Lev\303\251e, lover, I. vii, X. ing-, II. iii. VIII. Ladies,intrigues with various, I. iv. I. iv. VII. IV. ; attendant on a bride, I. v. III. Lewd connections, against, 4 ; and gentlemen, I. vii. XXI. ; II. Libations, III. i. I. 5. III. i. IV. 2 ; V. 2 ; viii. I. ; young, gathering mulberry Libation-cups, iii. VIII. 5. leaves, &c., I. xv. I. ; young, going manners of \"Wei, I. \302\241ii. Licentious to be married, I. xv. III. 1. IX.; by pleasure, 1. v. IV. 8 ; repressed Lamb, sacrificing a, I. xv. I. 8 ; birth a virtuous magistrate, I. \\i. IX. ; like that of a, III. ii. I. 2 ; -skins, I. vii. XXI. ; inter I. vii. VI. ; x. I. ii. VII. ; -fur, assignations, I. viii. VII. ; xiii. I. course, I. viii. IV. ; freedom, IV. Lambs, fatted, II. i. V. 2. over the duke Chwang, I. Life, an officer weary of, I. vi. VI. Lament, and shade, duke Lew surveyed of relaviii. XI. ; of a man bereaved Light ti\\ es, I. x. VI. ; for three worthies the, III. ii. VI. 5 ; and darkness, of Ts'in, I. xi. VI. ; of a lady over you make no distinction between, III. iii. I. 5. the alienation of her lover, \303\214. xii. I. iv. X. 3. VII. ; over abuses in Ts'aou, I. xiv. Lilies, mother-of-pearl, I. ; II. ; over the miserable state of Lilt, the, a fabulous animal, I. i. XI. with the kingdom, II. iv. VII. to X. ; v. Line, making straight a, III. i.

II. ii. IX. ; for the marquis of Loo, IV. ii. III. 3 ; conferred by ances tors, II. vi. V. ; VI. 4 : IV. ii. IV. 4, 5 ; the eye-brows of, IV. i. [ii.] VII. ; VIII. ; ii. IV. 5, 8; iii. II. ; of Woo-ting, IV. iii. V. 5. Look at the Loh, II. vi. IX. II. v. IX. 2. Looms, empty, so styled, I. ii. Lord, noble, a husband I. x. III. ; of VIII. ; a princely, of the, I. xi. Ts'in, growing opulence I. ; II. ; people ready to fight for their, I. xi. VIII. ; of T'ae, Howtseih became. III. ii. I. 5. Lotus, I. vii. X. ; xii. X. Lover, a lady warning off her,I. vii. II.; at a, I. vii. X. ; declaring mocking tachment to a, I. vii. XIII. ; think indifference I. vii. XV. of a, ; ing and absence of a, I. vii. XVII. ; alienation of a, I. xii. VII. ; long ing desire of a, I. xii. VIII. ; X. Lovers, a woman longing for, I. vi.

Lances, I. xi. VIII. ; xiv. II. Land dividing the, IV. iii. IV.

I. : III.iii.

III.

III. 5.

See

Dividing. Land-slips, II.

Lauds, iii.

hills, VIII.

IV. 3.

iv. IX. 3. I confer. III. and field\302\273, IV. ii. 5 ; and rivers,

elegant, II. v. VI. 1. I. iii. XIII. 4 ; x. XII. Liquorice, Lizard-skin drums, III. i. VIII. 4. I. i. V. ; xv. I. 5. Locusts, for a night in Too, II. iii Lodging

Lines,

3 ; a few

used

in angling,

I. ii. XIII

Lane,
1.3.

waiting How-tseih

in a, I. vii. was placed in a,

XIV. ; III. ii.

Loneliness

Law, a, annexed to every faculty and iii. IV. 1 ; tlie) III. relationship,

a widow, I. x. XI. II. i. desired, for the king\302\267, Longevity, VI. ; vi. VII. 4 ; IX. 2,3 ; vii. II. . Ill iii. VIII. ; for king's ministers, II. ii. VII. ; for the feudal princes,)
of

VII. 3.

Marchioness, a vicious, I. iv. V. ; a I. viii. I. model, Mares,three thousand horses and, I. iv. VI. 3. the reverent, I. ii. XIII. ; of Marquis, Wei, I. iv. X. ; of Ts'e, of Wei, of Hing, I. v. III. 1 ; of Tsin, I. x. IX. ; of Shin, III. iii. V. ; of Han, III. iii. VII. ; of Loo, IV. ii. I. ; II. ; III. ; IV. 2, 8. a princess, I. ii. I. ; of I. x. VII. Marriage, Loyalty, declared, \342\200\242 XIII. ; forcing a, I. ii. VI. ; a a Star, II. v. IX. 6. Lucifer, anxious II. VI. iii. for, I. ii. IX. ; young lady Lucky day, a, iv. VII. ; a widow protesting I. iv. VI. 1 ; vii. VIII. ; x. II. ; against Lutes', a second, I. iv. I. ; rules of, I. viii. xi. I. : II. i. I. ; IV. 7 : III. ii. II. II. iv. IV. ; VI. 3, 4 ; affinity by, 2 ; small and large, I. i. I. 3 : II. vi. of the marquis of Han, III. iii. VII. IV. 4. II. 4\342\200\2246. III. i. 4 of made music six reins ; king Wan, like, Lute-strings, and reunions, I. xv. III. 4. II. vii. IV. 5. Marriages Luxuriance of flowers, I. ii. XIII. ; of Marsh, the, in the west, IV. i. [ii.]III. I. iii. XIII. and low ground, 1 of the dolichos, I. i. II. ; plants, Marshes, and trees, II. i. VIII. 6; IX. 2 ; of 4; \316\233\317\213. IV.; X.; x. II.; xi. I.; II. iii. II.; of a forest, VII.; xii. X.; xii. III.: II. i. southernwood, III. ; IV. ; iii. VII. 2 ; X. ; v. X. II. vii. IV. 2, 4 ; VIII. 4 ; of dry8 of ; vi. VI. 1 ; viii. III. 5 ; IV. : grain, andras, III. ii. VIII. 9; III. ii. VI. 5 ; iii. VII. 5 : IV. i. IV. i. [iii. ] V. ; the grass attains V. [iii.J no, III. iii. XI. 4. Luxuriant willowtree,the, II. vii. X. ; Martial man, a, I. i. VII. ; v. VIII. 1 III. iii. V. 7 ; VII. 5 : troops, : III. iii. III. young mulberry, III. iii. VIII. 2; king, IV. i. [iii.] a jade-, III. ii. VIII. 6 ; of qualities, VIII.; IX.; iii. III.; Mace, IV. ii. III. 4, 5, 6. white jade, III. iii. II. 5; half-, III. i. IV. 2 ; ii. X. 6. Marvellous, tower, park, pond, III. i. VIII. and other tokens, exhausted, Maces, I. viii. VIII. ; of of hounds, III. iii. IV. 1. Master, Madder plant, I. vii. XV. ; -dyed, I. horse, III. iii. IV. 7 ; of an estate, i. V. IV. [iii.] vii. XIX. : II. vi. IX. 1. Magistrate, a severe and virtuous, I. Mat, the mind not a, I. iii. I. 3 ; of vi. IX. tiger's skin, I. xi. III. of a harem, I. i. II. 3. Matron of, I. iv. V. ; nests Magpies, pairing of rush, and of fine bamboo, II. Mats, of, I. ii. I. ; xii. VII. 6 ; guests sitting on, II. vii. xi. iv. V. V. III. I. vii. Mailed horses, ; 2 ; VI. 4. iv. III. 2 ; v!. VI. : III.ii. Maize, I. x. VIII. : Meal, officers retire to take a, I. ii. VII. 4. VII. ; full, and scanty, I. xi. X. of king Seuen, appearance Majestic Mean men in office, II. iv. VII. 4 ; III. iii. IX. 3. VII. 13: III. iii. XI. 1 ; services Majesty, the dread, on high, III. i. of an officer, I. iii. XIII.)) II. I ; of Heaven, IV. i. [i.] VII.)

Male animals, hunted by the ruler of Ts'in, I. xi. II. Mallows, thorny, I. xii. II. ; gather ing, IV. ii. III. 3. Man, what, was it ? II. v. V. ; beiug the, III. iii. II. 2 : IV. i. IV. ; ii. VII. Manners, licentious, of Wei, I. iii. IX. of an army, I. vii. V. Manoeuvring Manufacture of silk, I. xv. I. 3. the, II. viii. V. 6. Marabou, a day's, II. iii. III. ; of duke March, Lew, III. ii. VI. 1. Marching of an army, II. viii. III.

II.

II. 1,

412) Meat, 3:

OF

SUBJECTS.)
III.
Mire,

INDEX ii. I.

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

413)

in the, I. iii. XI. ; II. i. VIII. 4. Mirror, the mind not a, I. iii. I. 2. \302\267 Miseries of I. vi. VI. II. iv Chow, Medallion-plant, VII.\342\200\224X. Medlars, II. i. II. 4 ; IX. 3 ; ii. VII. ; v. I. ; II. 3 ; v. X. 8 ; vi. I. 1. I only am full uf, II. v. III. ; Misery, I. iii. VIII. 5, 6 ; X. 3 ; of the times, II. Meeting, concerted, with a lady, XVII. ; of bride and bridegroom, IX. ; X. ; viii. IX. : III. \302\241i. X. ; y. I. viii. III. iii. III. ; X. ; XI. ; of some officers, I. vi. I. II. vi. I. ; of soldiers, II. viii. X. Melancholy, Melon, earth-, I. iii. X. ; fruit, I. xv. Mistletoe and dodder, II. vii. III. I. 6 ; seeds, I. v. III. Moat, at the east gate, I. xii. IV. walls and, of Fung, III. i. X. ; Moats, Men, treated as if not, II. iii. X. of Han, III. iii. VII. 6. Mercenary, be not, IV. i. p.] IV. Merit rewarded with a feast and a red Mocking a lover, I. vii. X. ; at the sad state of the nation, III. ii. X. 4. bow, II. iii. I. ; of the chief of Shin, III. iii. V. ; of the earl of Shaou, Model, to the nine regions, T'ang a, IV. iii. IV. 3 ; the capital of Shang, 4, \316\264 rewarded, III. iii. VIII. ; of a, IV. iii. V. 5. king Woo, IV. i. [ii.] X.; [iii.]IX.; officers of IV. ii. III. 6. Molar of Loo, teeth, has the rat no ? I. ii. ornaments i. IV. 5. III. VI. 3. of, Metal, IV. ii. III. 8. southern, Metals, teaching a, to climb trees, II. Monkey, vii. IX. 6. Middle III. iii. I. 6 (See Kingdom, the first, II. iv. VIII. 1 ; in the (before king Mouth, Centre} ; period, in the tenth, II. iv. IX. ; in the T'ang), IV. iii. IV. 7. II. v. X. 1 ; the second, II. fourth, Mild, be, III. iii. II. : IV. iii. I. vi. III. 1. Milky way, the, II. v. IX. 5 : III. i. of of the year, occupations Months IV. IV. 4;'iii. I. vi. x. VIII. : I. ix. VII. ; different, I. xv. I. ; Millet, the changing, of Heaven, III. II. vi. V. 1 ; VI. 3 ; VII. 1. 2 : Moods, ii. X. 8. IV. i. [ii.] IV. ; [iii.] VI. ; ii. IV. 1 ; I. vi. 1. ; x. VIII. : II. Moon, the, I. iii. I. 5; IV.; viii. sacrificial, to 1; IV. : II. viii. VIII. ; advancing vi. V. 1 ; VI. 3 : IV. ii. IV. III. the II. i. VI. 6 ; rising, I. xii. xiv. II. viii. I. IV. : full, yonng, ; sown and late, I. xv. I. 7 : II. VIII. early 4 , white, II. iii. IV. : III. Moor, I. vii. XX. III. in iv. i. X. 8; grand, II. star, I. vii. VIII. ; xii. V. ; 3; Morning dishes, II. v. IX. 1 : IV. iii. III. ; levee, II. iii. VIII. ; victory in one, III. i. II. 8; from, to night, IVHow-tseih gave his peoplethe black, the tall red, iii. I. and double-kernelled, III. IV. in ii. I. 6; black, and white, Mortar, hulling grain a, III. ii. I. 7. ii. IV. 1 ; steaming, III. ii. VII. 1 ; Moth, the silk-worm, I. v. III. 2. spirits made from black, III. iii. Mother, pain and toil of a, I. iii. VII. ; VIII. 0. a, I. iv. I. ; none to be de invokingI can measure others', II. v. pended on like a, II. v. III. 3 ; the, Minds, of king Wan, lll.i. II. ; VI. I ; of IV. 4. Minister of \"War, II. iv. I. ; chief-, king Woo, IV. i. [ii.]VII. ; of the III. iii. IV. 7 ; IX- 1 ; Heaven sent marquis of Luo, IV. ii. IV. 8. down obliged to do the cooking, II. Mothers, a, IV. iii. IV. 7I. See Parents. iii. of iv. I. of Le and Wei, Ministers, I. vi. V. VII. ; of Wei, greedy and idle, I. Motherwort, and Mound, southernwood entertains on a large, ll. ix. VI. ; a ruler of iii. II. ; an oriole on a, II. viii. VI. ; his, II. ii. VII. ; three, praises of ii. VIII. the three recesses III. 6 the II. iv. IX. ; the, Hwanp-foo, of fine trees on the, II. v. X. Mountain, high, II. iv. X. 2; oppressive, 4 ; firm as a, III. iii. X. 5 ; nothing III. iii. I. 2,3 ; who en Yin-shang, III. iii. XI. 7 ; higher than a, II. v. III. 8. larged the kingdom, I. vii. X. ; x. II. ; xi. ii. IV. and Mountains, officers, IV. i. [ii.] I. ; of the king VII. ; the happiness 8 : three aged, of duke He, IV. ii. are II. i. VI. ; greatly lofty IV. 4. like, the lofty,) of K\303\253angYuen,) the, Illftii. V. ; ascending Miraculous pregnancy
Flesh.

roost and broiled, II. vi. \"V. III. ii. II. 2; dried. III. ii. VI. 1 ; minced, IV. ii. IV. 4. See I. xii. VII.

III. 1.

of

K\303\253en-teih,

IV.

iii.

IV. i. [iii.] XI. ; friendship like, IV. ii. IV. 4. See Heights. Hills, a plant, Mouse-ear,
Mouth,
oulv good

Mourning xii. II.

habit,

the neglect of the, I. I. i. III. 1. bad words that are

i.VIII.

from the, II. iv. VIII. 2 : v. 5. Mud, adding mud to a man in the, II. vii. IX. 6. Muddiness of the King river, I. iii. X. 3. II. ii. III. 3 : IV. i. [ii.] VI. Mud-fish, I. vi. VIII. Mug-wort, trees, I. iv. VI. 2, 3 ; v. IV. Mulberry 3 ; vii. II. ; X. ; ix. II. ; x. VIII. ; xi. I. ; VI. ; xiv. III. ; xv. I. : II. 2 ; iv. III. 2 ; v. III. 3 ; ii. VII. viii. IV. ; V. 4 ; planters of, I. ix. V. ; roots of, I. xv. II. 2 ; -grounds, I. xv. III. ; the paper-, II. iii. X. 2 ; iv. III. 1 ; -insect, II. v. II. 3 ; III. i. VII. 2 ; that the mountain-, young, III. iii. III. ; the fruit of, IV. ii. III. 8. of troops, I. vi. IV. : II. Murmuring viii. X. ; of a wanderer from Chow, I. vi. VII. to Music, II. vii. VI. 2 ; abandoned the delights of, II. vi. IV. ; of Chow, IV. i. pi.] V. ; inviting the spirit of T'ang with, IV. iii. I. See Musical instruments, IV. ii. V. Hand-drum, Bell, Drum, Flute, Whistle. Lute, Organ, Pan-pipe, Musicians, II. vi. V. 6 ; blind, III. i. VIII. 4 : IV. i. [ii.] V. Mustard plant, I. iii. X. 1 ; iv. IV. 3; x. XII. 3. regions, the, III. i. I. 7 : IV. Myriad i. [iii.] IX. of blessings and of years, II. Myriads vi. V. ; VI. ; VII. ; IX. ; vii. II. : III. i. IX. 0, 6 ; ii. III. I, 2, 6, 7 ; iii. VIII. 5, 6 ; IV. ii. IV. 5 ; of carts, II. vi. VII. 4 ; of measures of grain, IV. i. [ii.] IV. ; of stacks, tens of, II. vi. V. 1 : IV. i. [iii.]V. IV. Nature,
iii.

and

bags, I. xv. VI. 1 ; bird-, II. vii. LI. Sew Tower, the, I. iii. XVIII. I. viii. V. ; and day confounded, \303\257iight drinking long into the, II. ii. X. ; How goes the ? II. iii. VIII. ; busy, day and, III. iii. VI. 4 ; VII. I : VI. ; VII. ; [ii.] III. ; IV. reverent day and, IV. i. [iii.J I. a net with, I.\"\"xv. VI. ; Nine, bags, the, IV. iii. III. ; IV. 3, regions, Ninetieth year, duke Woo in his, iii. II. II. iv. cattle, Ninety black-lipped

i. [i.]

6. III.

VI. 1.

Ninth Noble, Noble

v. V.
IX.
VI.

the, II. iii. X. pool of the marsh, a, slandered by his friend, II.

men, the king addresseshis ministers and lords as, II. ii. VII. ; nature

Normal

North,

to the, II. i. VII. ; from the, II. i. VIII. ; in Ladle the (a constellation), the, is II. v. IX. 7 ; the States and tribes of the, III. iii. VII. 6 : IV. ii. IV. 5. Northern hill, the, II. vi. I. I. Note of the ph\305\223nix, the, III. ii. VIII. 9 ; of the owl, IV. ii. III. 8. Notes of music, IV. i. [ii.] V.
expedition return

1.

of man,

the, III.

iii.

Oaks,

x. VIII. ;

scrubby, I.
xi.

ii.

IV. 4 ; VIII.4 : III. VII. 4. I. v. V. 4 ; labouring of cedar, Oars at their, III. i. IV. 3. I will take an, II. v. V. 7. Oath, and curses, III. iii. I. 3. Oaths
Octogenarians,

II. 3 ;

VII.

iv. III.

XII. ; bushy, I. ; xii. II. : 3 ; thorny, II. vii. 8 ; V. 5 ;

II. i.

i.III.

I. xi. I. 2. Ode, I make this, III. iii. III. 14 ; of great excellence, III. iii. V. 8. and sacrifice, a pure, III. ii. Ofi'eriug
Ofierings, forefathers,

the, conferred by Heaven, III. I. 1 ; VI. 1. a I. of xi. III. ; bonne Naves, carriage, with leather, II. iii. IV. 2 : IV. iii. II. Xeglected officer, a, I. iii. I. ; wife, a
magpie's, I. ii. I. ; xii. VII. I. xv. I. Net, the, of crime, III. iii. X. 1, 2 ; of III. iii. X. 6. Heaven, I. i. VII. ; fish-, I. iii rabbit-, Nets, mue) with XVIII. 3; v.

I. iii. II. a
robbed,

Nest,the

III. 4;

baskets of, II. i. I. 1 ; to II. i. VI. 4 : IV. i. [iii.] V. ; spirits and viands for, II. vi. V 1 ; I have brought my, IV. i. VI. ; VI. ; of fish, IV. i. [\302\241i.] and mother, IV. i. [ii,] to father VII. ; VIII. ; without error, 1V. ii. IV. 3 ; of spirits and soups, IV. iii. II. ; chiefs coming with, IV. iii. V. 2. II. iv. X. Office, the hazard of taking, 6 ; husbandry preferred to, III. iii. III. 6. IV. ; the wife of an, I. ii. III. Officer, neglect of his worth, an, bewailing mean services of I. iii. I. ; an, I.))

I. 1, 2.

[i.]

INDEX

T.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

414)

OP

415)

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

iii. XIII. ; hard lot of an, I. iii. XV. : II. vi. I. ; melancholy, of an, I. vi. I. ; VI. ; celebrating an, I. vii. VI. ; grief of an, I. ix. III. ; lamenting Ms master's frivol on ity, an, I. xiii. I. ; an, feasted his return from an expedition, II. i. II. ; abandonment of public life by from one an, II. iv. II. ; moving State to another, II. disappointed, iv. III. ; IV. ; a song made by an, II. v. X. 8 ; an, admonishing his III. ii. IX. ; X. fellows, Officers, easy dignity of some great, I. ii. VII. ; refugees in Wei, I. iii. XI. ; zealous to welcome men of on a worth, I. iv. IX. ; attendant I. v. III. 4 ; appeal from in bride, ferior to superior, I. vii. XI. ; of Wei, I. ix. II. ; of Ch'in, dissipation I. xii. I. ; of escort, I. xiv. II. ; of, of king Seuen, praise of the, II. and iii. VII. ; of king Yew, named accused, II. iv. IX. 4 ; deserting their places, II. iv. X. ; unfair em of, II. vi. I. ; of the capi ployment tal, II. viii. I. ; of Chow all illus of Yin, III. trious, III. i. i. I. S ; iii. I. 2, 3 ; of king Wan, III. i. IV. 2; VI. \316\264 : IV. i. [i.] I. ; of king Wuo, III. i. X. IV. i. [iii.] IX. ; proper ordering of, III. ii. V. ; VI. 4 ; of king Ch'ing, III. ii. VIII. ; my great, and excellent III. iii. IV. 8 ; tiger-. III. iii. men, IX. 4 : IV. ii. III. \316\264 ; and people in distress, X. 1 ; All ! iii. Officers and ministers, IV. i. [ii.] I. ; of Loo, IV. ii. II. ; Oh ! yes, king Ch'ing, &c.,IV. i. [ii.]

II. ;

Order,

XI. and disorder, at a feast, II. vii. VI. ; of the capital of Shang, \316\231\316\233*. iii. V. \316\264. III. iii. Orders, should be determinate, II. or sorts, of men, III. iu. III. 0. Ordinances of Heaven, II. iv. IX. 7, 8 : IV. i. (iu.) II. of God, the, irregular, III. Ordinatiuus iii. I. 1. words like, II. Organ-tongues, artful
X. ;

II. iv. VIII., ; in the kingdom, v. IV. ; IX. ; X. : III. iii. III. ; III.

has no? II. iii. IX. ; announce marriage to, I. viii. VI. 3 ; providing for, I. x. VIII. : 3 \342\200\224 5; ministers the, of the people, II. ii. VII. 3 ; daughters
who

ment of

II.

II. i.

2;

should only not cause sorrow to, II. iv. V. ; thinking of our, II. v. II. I ; Heaven called our, II. v. IV. 1 ; a son prevented from rondoring the last service to, II. v. VIII. ; the should be of the sovereign the,

v. IV. 5.

Parsimoniousness of the rich in \\Vei, I. ix. I. ; of officers, I. ix. II. Passes, the dangerous, of King, III. Pasture-ground, II. i. VIII. 1. of the temple, the middle, I. xii. Path, VII. ; the Spirit of the. III. ii. I. 7; iii. VI. 7; VII. 3. Pattern, one axe-handle the, for an other, I. xv. V. ; a, to all the States, II. iii. III. \316\264 ; they sought me to be a, II. iv. VIII. 7 ; the ancients a, II. v. I. 4 ; take your, from king Wan, III. i. I. 7 ; the, of God, III. i. VII. 7 ; king Woo a. III. i. IX.\" 3, 4 ; king Ch'ing a, III. ii. VIII. 5, 6; to the people, III. iii. II. 2, 4, 8 : IV. ii. III. 4 ; the chief of Shin, to the Statesof the south, and to all officers, III. iii. V. ; Chung Shan-foo a, III. iii. VI. 3. Pea,the beautiful, I. xii. VII. I. or Peace, war, an officer fit for, II. ii. III. \316\264 ; there is no, III. iii. III. ; X. 1 ; restoration of, III. iii. VIII. 2; gifts, both of, and war, IV. i. ii. III. 4; universal, [ii.] VII.; IV. i. [iii.] IX. ; enjoyed by Wooiii.

people, III.

ii.

VII.

1.

Levy's devotion to the, III. ii. VI. ; and sor the, are heavily burdened, rowing, III. ii. IX. ; misery of the, III. ii. X. ; iii. X.; enlightening the, III. ii. X. 6 ; Heaven gave birth to the, III. iii. I. 1 ; VI. 1 ; are disorderly, why the, III. iii. III. 11\342\200\22416 ; the lower, to be feared, V. 4. IV. i\303\274. of spirits, Pepper, like, is the smell

some one to give settlement to the, III. VII. 1 ; the resort of the of lower, III. i. VII. Chow, first birth of the, III. ii. I. ; find rest in the king, III. ii. V. 4 ; duke

i.

6;

Organs, Origin Oriole,

of the people of Chow, III. ii. I. the, I. xv. I. 2 ; viii. VI. See Yellowbird. I. ii. X. Orion, Ornamented bows, III. ii. II. 3. of metal Ornaments and jade, III. i.

vii. VI.

I. xi. I. :

2.

II. i. I. ;

vi.

IV. 4 ;

V. 1.

IV. i. [iii.] V.

Pepper-plant,

I. x.

IV. ;
III.
dead.

xii.

II.

VIII.;
IV. 5.

III. 4: II.i.

Person, Chuug protecting his

Personators

Shan-foo own,

See Girdle.
of

Orphan,
Osiers, Ospreys,

I. 2, 3 ;

8:

III.

Owl, I. xii. VI. ; IV. ii. III. 8 ; 0 is owl ! I. xv. II. ; a wise woman X. 3. an, III. i\303\274. II. vi. Oxen and sheep for sacrifice, V. 1 : IV. i. (iii.) VII. ; protected III. ii. I. 3 How-tseih, ; leading, II. viii. III. 2. a plant, I. ix. II. Ox-lips, on staffs, I. iv. IX. : II. i. Ox-tails VIII. 2 ; iii. V. 8.
Paddocks, Paddy, Pairing,

I. vi. IV. I. i. I.

grief

an, II. v.

3.

VIII. 3.

have now Perversities, people X. 6. many, III. Pheasant, the male, I. iii. VIII. ; IX. ; I. iii. XIII. 3 ; feathers, pheasant's v. III. 3 ; -figured robe, I. iv. III. 2 ; I. vi. VI. easily caught, ; flying, II. iv. V. 4; crowing in the murning, II. v. III. 5 ; long-tailed, II. vii. IV. 2.
the ii.

of the Representatives.

was wise, iii. VI. 4. See Dead,

VIII. 7, 8, 9. II. vi. VI. 4 : III. ii. II. 2. Pickles, Pig, roast, IV. ii. IV. 4 ; duke Lew took a, from the pen, III. ii. VI.
4.

the Ph\305\223nix,

male and

female,

III.

ii.

III.

I. xv. I. ix. I. iv.

Chow, Ointment, congealed, I. Old together, growing, vii. VIII. ; friendship,

v. III. 2. Pairs, thousands of, IV. i. [ii.] II. I. v. IV. 6 ; [iii.] V. I. vii. VII. ; Palace, the harem of a, I. iv. I ; build ing a, I. iv. VI. ; the completion and through grief, II. v. III. 2 ; man's of a, II. iv. Y. ; drums X. 4 ; iii. III. ii. description an, admonition, and bells beaten in the, II. viii. V II. ; no, experienced men, III. iii. I. 5 ; king Wan in the, III. i. VI. 3. 7 ; ways, the, III. iii. II. 12. IV. i. [ii. ] V. Olden time, life iu Pin in the, I. xv. Pan-pipe, iii. IV. IV. the of Pans, I. ii. IV. 2. I. ; the, example Omen, an eclipse, an evil, II. iv. IX. ; Panther, the red, III. iii. VII. 6. I. v. X. IV. i. [i.] III. a happy, Papaya, II. iii. X. 2; iv. of evil, III. iii. X. Paper-mulberry, Omens, regardless 1. iii. III. IV. \316\264 ; of the dignity of Shang, IV. Parasites, III. ii. IX. \316\264. a queen going to visit her, One man (the king), the, III. iii. Parent(s), I. i. X. ; in I. i. II. 3; honouring, VI. 4. 2; I. iii. IV. : II. iv. VIII. a woman regrets lost, voking, Opportunities, v. VIII. 4 : III. iii. IV. 4 ; leaving, I. vii. XIV. t iii. XIV. 2 ; iv. VII. ; v. V. 2 : and misery in Wei, I. iii. Oppression II. vi. I. ; to be feared, I. vii. II. ;.) XVI. ; ix. VII. ; in Kwci, I. xiii.)

Oh !

great now is

IV. iii.

XI.

VII. 4 ;

VI. : V.

III. 2.

II. iv.
III.

How-tscih's,

III. I ; vi. ii. I. i.

Peach, tree, I. i. VI. ; ii. XIII. ; ix. Pins, hair-, I. iv. III. III. ; fruit, I. v. X. 2 ; I return a Pint measure, I. x. IV. Pitcher and jar, II. v. VIII. 3. plum for a, III. iii. II. 8. in the south, the, I. xii. II. ; in Pear tree, I. ii. V. ; the russet, I. x. Plain the middle of the, II. v. II. 3 ; the, VI. ; X. : II. i. IX. I, 2 ; the wild, of Chow, III. i. III. 3; of Muh, I. xi. VII. of IV. ii. IV. 2. straits I. ix. V. WTei, Peasantry of, I. v. I. 2. and marshes, II. vi. VI. 1 ; Plains, Pebbles, viii. III. \316\264 Pedlar's wares, I. iii. X. ; the finest of the, III. i. I. xiv. II. VII. 6; duke Lew surveyed the, Pelicau, III. ii. VI. 2 ; of the far distant Pen for pigs. III. ii. VI. 4. IV. ii. I. like the, IV. Pendants of a banner, borders, iii. IV. 4. Plans, recklessness of the king's, II. I. vii. XXI. v. I.; wisely arranged, II. v. IV. Peonies, into communi 4: III. iii. III. 8; IX. 6; farPeople, the, regathered reaching, III. iii. II. 2 : IV. i. [iii.] ties, II. iii. VII. ; the innocent, II. II. ; not far-reaching, VIII. state of III. ii. X. iv. 3; deplorable of the, II. iv. IX. ; X. ; alas for us Plant forgetfulness, the, I. v. VIII. 4. the toiled ! II. v. IX. 3 ; happy, II. vi. VII. : III. ii. VIII. ; like prince, Plants, dividing, I. xiv. IV. ; the t'ae and the lue, \303\214I. ii. VII. 1.)) like, II. vii. IX. ; God seeking for)

ting, IV. iii.

V. \316\264, 6.

of a courtyard, II. iv. V. \316\264 ; of a temple, \316\231\316\233*. iii. V. 6. Pine tree, I. v. V. 4 ; vii. X. 2 : iv. V. 1 ; vii. III. : IV. ii. IV. 9 ;

Pillars,

II.

V. 6.

416)

OF
Melon,

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF precious

SUBJECTS.)
Quails,

417)

See Artemisia,
Bamboo,

Millet,

Barley,

Mistletoe,
Motherwort,

Beans,
Bignouia,

Mouse-ear,

Bitter Bottle

gourd, gourd,

Mugwort,
Mustard,

Bcehmeria, Broussonetia,

Ox-lips,

Paddy,

Calabash,

Pea,
Peony,

Celery, Cereals,
Convolvulus,

Pepper,

Plantain,
Pondweed,

Creepers,

Pokeweed,
Poo,

intercourse, the rules of, to be observed, II. viii. VII. in a, II. iv. VIII. 11 ; the III. i. VIII. 2. Marvellous, and islets, I. ii. II. 1. Ponds I. ii. IV. : IV. ii. III. 2. Pond-weed, Poo vegetable, the, III. iii. VII. 3. Pool, the ninth, of the marsh, II. iii. X. ; a deep, II. v. III. 4 ; -water, III. ii. VII. 1 ; may be made useful, when a, becomes dry, III. iii. XI. 6. cattle drinking at ths, II. iv. Pools, VI. 2; water flowing from, II. viii. V. 3 ; left by floods, 1. ii. IV. : III.
Polite

Pond,

always fish

Darnel,
Dolichos,

Creeping-grass, Cress,

ii.

VII.

Poor, Chung

Dodder,
Duckweed,

Pulse,

Reeds, Rush,
Seallions,)

Fern, Gourds, Grain,

Grapes,

Sheep's-foot,

Shepherd'spurse,

Grass,

the white, Smart-weed, Grass,tie king-, Sorrel,

Southernwood, plant,

Hemp,

Indigo
Ji'u-ei,

Sowthistle,

Sparrow-gourd,
Thorn-ferns,

Lilies, Liquorice, Lotus,

Madder,

Popular saying, a, III. iii. I. 8 ; II. 1, III. 9 ; VI. 5, 6. of ths, II. iv. increase Population, VI. 4 : III. ii. VI. 6. Porcelain whistle, the, II. v. V. 7 : III. ii. X. 6. Post, keeping to one's, in bad times, II. iv. IX. ; X. a lineof virtuous, III. ii. V. Posterity, Posts and boards in the palace of king Wan, III. i. VIII. 3. Pounded, feeling as if, II. v. III. 2. earthen walls II. iv. V. 3 : Pounding

the, III.

Shan-foo

did not

insult

iii.

VI. 5.

things, the tribes IV. ii. III. 8. III. iii. VII. 2, 3. Presents,king's, Priests,II. vi. V. 4, 5. Prince, a fit mate for a prince, I. i. VII. ; virtues of a, symbolized by a lin, I. i. XI. ; the harem of a, I. ii. X. ; of Ts'iu, I. xi. I. ; II. ; V. ; the duties of a, III. iii. II. Princes, wives for young, I. xv. I. 2 ; lower garments for, I. xv. I. 3 ; furs for, I. xv. I. 4 ; a pattern for, III. iii. VI. 3 ; Ye brilliant and accom IV. i. [i.] IV.; full of plished, IV, i. [ii.] harmony and gravity, VII. ; Pang appointed the, IV. iii. III. See Feudal. of a, I. ii. I. ; XIII. Princess, marriage of Che, the, III. i. II. 2. Princesses and captives, II. i. VIII. 6 : Prisoners III. VII. 8: IV. ii. III. 5. Prisons deemed fit inmates for, II. v. II. 5. Private feast, a, II. vi. V. 5 ; fields, II. vi. VIII. 3 : IV. i. [ii.] II. duke Lew made, III. ii. Proclamation,
Presenting of Hwae,

I. iv. V. ; ix. VI. Quarters, the four, III. i. X. ; \302\241i. V. 3 ; VIII. 5, 6 ; IX. 1, 3 ; iii. II. 2 ; IV. 6 ; V. 1 ; VI. 3 ; VIII. 2, 3,6: IV. i. IX. ; iii. III. allusions to king W\303\241n's, I. i. Queen, II. ; IV. ; V. ; king Yew's, de and II. graded viii. V. forsaken, Quips and jokes, I. v. I. 3. IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; of seal Quiver, skin, II. i. VII. 5 ; iii. IV. 1. Rabbit,
II. broiled, Rabbit-catcher, Rabbit Net,

a single, baked, viii. VII.

II. v.

roasted,

or

i.

VI. 2.

Prodigies iv. IX.

celestial

and terrestrial, II.

cent, per

praise of a, I. i. VIT. the, a constellation, the IX. 6; viii. VIII. 3. Hyades, I. i. IX. ; iii. X. 4. Rafts, Rain, good, I. iv. VI. 3 ; O for ! I. v. VIII. \316\206 XVI. ; ; wind and, I. vii. xv. II. 2, 3 : II. v. VII. 1 ; genial, II. viii. III. 1; great, II. viii. VIII. 3 ; drizzling, I. xv. III. : II. vi. VI. II. iv. VIII. 9; prayer 2; soaking, for. II. vi. VII. 2 ; VIII. 3 ; tears falling like, II. vi. III. 1. Rainbow, I. iv. VII.

Tribulus,

III. i. III. 6.

Valerian,

Violets,
Water Wheat.)

Poverty person

Maize,

Poly-

Mallows,
Medallion,)

gonum,
I. i. VIII.

Praise, of duke

Powers, IV. 2.

I. -iii. XV. ; a of an officer, his, I. x. X. regretting the, above and below, III. iii. Wan,

Profit, three times iii. X. 4.

cent., III.

Progenitors comeand II. vi. V.

enjoy offerings

Ram, no old, without horns, II. vii. VI. 5 ; don't look for horns on a young, III. iii. II. 8 ; sacrificing a, III. ii. I. 7 ; and a bull, IV. i. [i.]

Rain-coats, II.

iv.

VI. 2.

I. iv. VI.

Plantains

Playing Pleasure,
iii. Pleiades,

(plantagin\303\241ceas), and singing, I. ix. pursuing

III.

II. 3.

nothing

but, III.

Pledging, III.

See Cup. SeeYears, Abundance. Ploughing, IV. i. [ii.] II. ; [iii.]V. I. xv. I. Ploughs, Plough-shares, II. vi. VIII. 1 : IV. i. [iii.] V. ; VI. Plum-tree, the, I. ii. IX. : XIII. ; vi. X. 3 ; xi. V. ; VII. ; xii. VI. ; xiv. III. : II. ii. VII. 3 ; v. X. 4 ; fruit, I.V. X. ; (See Sparrow-plum) I return a, for a peach, III. iii. II. 8. Plentiful.
ii. II. 2. I. ii. X. 2.

virtuous and intelligent lady, I. xii. IV. ; of a virtuous lord, I. xiv. III. ; of the duke of Chow, I. xv. IV. to VII. ; of the king, II. i. VI. ; vi. IX. ; vii. VII. : III. ii. III. ; V. ; of ministers, II. ii. VII. ; of feudal princes, II. ii. IX. ; vi. X. ; vii. I. : IV. i. [i.] IV. ; of officers of king Seuen, II. iii. VII. ; of a bride, II. vii. IV. ; of the ladies and gentle of a former men time, II. viii. I. ; of king Wan, III. i. I. to VII. : IV. i. [ii.] VII. ; [iii.] X. ; of king Ke, III. i. VII. ; of king Woo, III. IX. : IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; -IX. ;)

of

the heavens, determining by the, III. ii. VI. 5. Poison, a rejected wife compared to, I.
Points of

shadows

iii. X.
III.

5.

Poisonous Poke-weed, Tole, the, III.)

iii. Ill

ways, why

II. iv. IV. 3. of a war-carriage,

11.

the peopleenjoy,
I.

xi.

iv! ii. title. ; -Odes ofio'\303\266, a hunting expedition, VI. 1 ; for rain, II. vi. VII. 2 ; for the aged, III. ii. II. 4 ; for * the king, II. \\ii. II. ; for a good year, III. iii. IV. 6 ; king Ch'ing's, to his father, IV. i. [iii.] II. ; of officers of Loo, IV. ii. II.) VIII.

Prayer,

before

II. iii.

Rams, pure, for victims, II. vi. VII. 2. a man worthless without, I. Rank, distinguished by robes, I. x. IX. iv. VIII. ; the rules of, to be ob Ranks for an army, III. iii. IX. 2. served even by the most frugal, II. I. ii. VI.'3; Rats, iv. VIII.; ix. viii. VII. ; of demeanour, III. ii. VII. : II. iv. V. 3 ; smoked out. I. II. 3 ; III. 4, 5 ; IX. 3 ; \316\247. \316\264. xv. I. 5. Protest of a widow against a second Reapers, IV. i. [iii.] V. ; VI. I. iv. I. marriage, Reaping time, I. xv. I. 4, 7 ; beans, Proud men, II. v. VI. 5. II. vi. III. 3 ; sowing and III. iii. Provident I. xv. I. 6 III. : IV. ii. IV. arrangements, Provisions, excellent, III. ii. II. 2; Rebellion plotted against Tsin, I. x. III. ; the duke of Chow on, I. xv. II. exhausted, III. ii. X. 5 ; stores of, III. iii. V. 1 ; of millet, IV. i. [iii.] Recesses, III. the, of a large mound, VI. ii. VIII. II. vi. Recluse, happiness of a, I. v. II. ; Public, fields, and private, VIII. 3 ; service, a young soldier contentment of a, I. xii. III. an officer on, I. ix. IV. ; service, Recompense, every good deed has its, of the arduous duties of, III. iii. II. 6. complains II. vi. I. ; II. ; III. ; life, regret at Reed-organ, I. vi. III. 1. the abandonment divination of, II. iv. II. ; Reeds, bv, 1. v. IV. 2 : II. a woman has nothing to do affairs, i. IX,4 ; a bundle of, I. v. VII. 1 ; III. iii. X. and with, 4; duties, reverent rushes, I. xi. IV. : II. v. III. 4 ; sedges and, I. xv. I. ly attend to, IV. i. [ii.]I. Pulse a call for, III. ii. IX. (a plant), I. xv. I. 6, 7 : II. v. Reformation, II. 3 ; How-tseih's, IV. ii. IV. 1. in Wei. 1. iii. XI. Refugees for sacrifice, Purification III. ii. 1. 7.) Regathering of the people under king
Propriety,

Progress, consultation without, II. v. I. 3 ; making a, IV. i. p.] VIII. ;

VII.

[iii.] XI.; ii. III. 1.

and Rambling 1, \302\277.

singing, III.

ii.

VIII.

Seuen, II.

iii.

VII.

27))

418)

OF
nine,

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF
object

SUBJECTS.)

419)

Hi. III. ; IV. the, IV. iii. IV. Regrets, a woman's, I. vii. XIV. Reins, I. iii. XIII. 2 ; vii. IV. ; viii X. ; xi. II. : II. i. III. ; ii. IX. 4 iii. IV. 1; vi. X. 3; vii. IV. 5 III. iii. VII. 2 : IV. i. [ii.] VIII.

Regions, the

3, 6 ;

IV.

Yu

arranged

II. vi. X. 4 ; king princes all proper, Wan descended on the, IV. i. fi.l VII. necks, I. Rings, attached to hounds' vii!. VIII. ; gilt, for the traces of a to carriage, I. xi. III. ; attached reins. III. iii. VII. 2 : IV. i. lu.]

Ruler,

the, of horses, an

of

Relations, the

of the Rise early and go to bed late, II. v. II. See Early and III\", iii. II. 4. II. Dawn. Relatives, mean, put into office, II. iv. VII. 4 ; feasting the king's, II. vii. River, seeking a man up and down a, I. xi. IV. cold treat III. : III. ii. II. ; ment of, by the king, II. vii. IX. ; Rivers, hills and, IV. ii. IV. 1. A'amcs, Ho, K\303\251'ang, Han, the king's, a fortified Proper wall, III. ii.

ii.

IV.

3.

VIII.

ruler's, I. ix.

superintendent

4:

III. ;

See

unrighteous, III. iii. III. 8 ; the. III. iii. VI. 1 ; up a, III. i. VII. ; God of III. iii. I. 1. the, men, II. viii. V. Seal-skin quivers, II. i. VII. 5 ; iii. Rush, the white-flowered, II. iv. V. 6. IV. 1. Rush-mat, I. ii. 1 XIV. Rushes, ; xv. II. 3 : II. Searching for a man up and down a vii. VII. 3 ; by the wav-side. III. river, I. xi. IV. ii. II. 1 ; and sedges, \303\215. v. III. 4 ; Seas, the four. IV. iii. III. ; all with reeds and, I. xi. IV. : II. v. III. 4 ; in the, IV. iii. IV. 2. and lutus plants, I. xii. X. the four, II. i. VI. 4 ; v. Seasons,

worship, and an God

II. iii. VI. 1 ; a

righteous

Heaven beheld
raised

X. 7 ; and buttresses, the feudal chiefs are, II. vii. I. ; Foo and Shin are, to all the States, III. iii. V. 1. Sea, the court of the, II. iii. IX. 1 ; the southern, III. iii. VIII. 3 ; the States along the, IV. ii. IV. 6, 7.

Hwae, King, Wei, &c. to Chow, the, II. v. III. 2; assiduous, in teaching, III. Road Repetition, VIII. II. 11. iii. 1, 2 ; the great, II. vii. IV. 5 ; viii. X. 4 ; the Spirit of the, III. Repining of soldiers absent from home, iii. VI. 7; VII. 3. I. iii. VI. of the dead, II. vi. Roads opened, III. i. III. 8 : IV. i. Representatives ii. III. 2: III. [i.]V V.; VI.; vii. VI. III. ii. IX. ; and oppressors, Robbers 3 ; IV. ; X. iii. I. 3 ; III. 6. shirking, II. iv. X. ; Responsibility, I. v. III. a lady's embroidered, Rube, v. I. 1 ; black, of duke Woo of Ch'ing, I. Rest, a wife desiring, for her husband, I. vii. I. ; a prince's embroidered, I. ii. VIII. ; I dare not seek, II. iv. I. xv. VI. xi. V. ; a grand-ducal, IX. 8 ; the people find, in the king, Robes,the upper, I. iii. II. ; officers', at, III. ii. V. 4 ; the king's heart I. iii. XII. 4 ; vi. IX. ; of state, II. viii. III. 5 : III. iii. VIII. 2. from XVII. I. iii. pictured, I. iv. III. ; suits of, I. x. ; Retiring girl, a, II. ; of white silk, I. x. III. ; not public life, against, II. iv. II. ; IX. I. x. IX. ; xi. VIII. ; without, 8; X. clothed in, II. iv. V. 8; darkof a husband, I. vi. III. ; the Return, II. vii. with the dragon, coloured, ; soldier's, I. xv. III. : II. i. VIII. VIII. 1 ; III. iii. VII. 2. IX. 3. v. VII. Return, when shall we? II. i. VII. ; Rock-cuvered hill tops,II. of, Rocks, white, I. x. III. ; masses vi. III. ; let us. III. iii. IX. 6. II. viii. II. iv. VII. 1 ; frowning, Revenue-system, III. ii. VI. 5 ; iii.

X. 7.

in, III. ii. VI. 1. I. ii. II. ; IV. : iii. VI. Sacrifice, VIII. : \316\240\316\231. i. VII. 8; 1; vi.V. \316\233 ii. I. ; iii. IV. ; VI. 7 ; VII. 3 : IV. IV.; VII.; [ii.] VIII. ; ii. IV. 3; iii. 1. ; vic tims for, II. iv. VI. 2 ; v. V. 7 : III. i. V. 4 ; ii. I. 7. Sacrificial millet, I. vi. I. : x. VIII. vi. V. 1 ; VI. 3 : IV. ii. IV. 1 ; services, II. vi. V. ; Odes of Chow, IV. i. title; Odes of Shang, IV. iii. title. Sad condition of the State of Ch'ing,

X.

Sacks,grain

II.

i. [i.]III.;

II. ;

II.

I. vi. IX. ; and reeds, I. xv. I. a young lady resists, I. ii. XII. ; a woman bemoans, 1. v. IV. Seed,selecting the, II. vi. VIII. 1. Self-cultivation of duke Woo, I. v. I. Self-pusscssed officers, I. ii. VII. don't be, III. iii. II. Self-sufficient, 10,11; a bad ruler, who is III. iii. III. 8. Semi-circular water, pleasant is the,
Sedges,
Seduction,

IV.

ii.

III.

I. v. Sadness,
Sages,

I. vii. XI. wise

IX.

there are no, III. Sandal trees, I. vii. II. ; ix. VI. : II. i. IX. 3; iii. X.; III. i. II. 8. a kind of fish, II. ii. Sand-blower,

plans

of

; vi. I. See Heart. the, II. v. IV. 4 ; ii. X. 1.

Sashes, Satiated

Reverence,

of a prince's wife, I. ii. II. would prevent Reverent watchfulness, II. iii. IX. 3 ; be, III. iii. slanders, and IX. 1 ; day night, IV. i. [iii.] I.; letme'be, IV. i. [iii.] III. Reversed, God has, His usual course, III. ii. X. iii. III. 6. Reviling the good,

VII. 6.

Roofsof

VIII.

Root, the, with

last king
of

I. iii. XIII. ; used by the justice of Rouge, IV. iii. V. 4. prince of Ts'in, I. xi. V. and round, I. x. V. horn, I. i. III. 3 ; xv. I. Round Rhinoreros' House, the, I i. X. ; marriage Royal 8: II. vii. I. 4. of a princess of, I. ii. XIII. ; do Rhinoceroses, hunting, II. iii. VI. 4 ; main, I. vi. title : IV. iii. III. ; weare not, II. viii. X. 3. domain, an officer decides to return Rice, I. x. VIII. : IV. i. [ii.] IV. ; ii. IV. 1 ; coarse and fine. III. iii\302\273XI. to the, II. iv. III. Rud, a fish, I. xv. VI. 1. 5 ; steaming, III. ii. VII. 1 ; -fields, I. xv. I. G. Ruin, a bad man going to, I. xii. VI. : II. viii. V. 3 ; -harvest, III. iii. II. 4 ; coming on the king Riches, of Ts'e, 1. v. III. ; and parsi II. iv. VII. ; VIII. ; IX. ; dom, mony of Wci, I. ix. I. dis X. : III. iii. I. 6 ; III. ; and Ridge, III. ii. VIII. 0. See Heights. order, III. ii. X. 5.) and left movements of the)

III.

its three shuots (the He'a), IV. iii. IV. 6. IV. i. [iii.] V. removing, Roots, Rope-rush, steeping the, I. xii. IV. II. Ropesof grass, I. xv. I. 7 ; boat-, vii. VIII. 5 ; to bind horses, IV. i.

houses,

I. xv. I. 7.

[ii.] IX.

Rewards

and

punishments,

Woo-ting's,

Eight,

Shadow's, determining the points of the heavens by, III. ii. VI. 5. Scallions, I. xv. I. 8. a III. iii. V. 5 ; the Shaking with terror, III. iii. IX. 3. great, Sceptre, his of iii. III. VII. 2. Shameful I. iv. II. large, rank, things in a harem, three millions of, I. ix. VI. ; Sceptres to play with, sons shall have, Sheaves, II. iv. V. 8. I. xv I. 7 : IV. i. [iii.] collecting, Scholar venting his pride, a, I. ix. II. vi. VIII. 3. VI. ; ungathered, III. 1. and lambs, killing, I. xv. I. 8 ; Sheep, herds of, II. iv. VI. ; for sacrifice, Scorning a scomer, I. vii. XII. II. vi. V. : IV. iii. VII. ; and oxen Scorpion's tail, hair like a, II. viii. I. 4,5. protected How-tseih, III. ii. I. 3 : v. IV. 3. Scoundrelsbelieved, \316\240. cattle and, III. ii, II. 1. a plant, II. iv. IV. 2. Screenof bamboos, a, I. viii. X. : II. Sheep's-foot, iii. IV. 1 : III. iii. VII. 2. I. \302\241i. VII. Sheepskins, II. v. VI. 1.)) Screens, the great States are, III. ii.) Shell -embroidery,

of brides, I. xv. III. 4. with kindness, III. ii. III. 1. a I. iii. XVIII. ; Satirizing marriage, I. ix. I. parsimony, Sauces, II. vii. VI. 1 : III. ii. II. 2 ; iii. VII. 3. Saying, an ancient, III. ii. X. 3 ; a III. iii. I, 8 ; II. 1 ; popular, VI. 5, 6. Scabbard, gemmed, of the king, II. vi. IX. 2 ; duke Lew's ornamented, III. ii. VI. 2.

III. 1.

Separation uf soldiers from their fami lies, I. iii. VI. ; vi. IV. : II. i. VII. ; of husband and wife, I. iii. VIII. ; vi. V. ; from brothers and parents, I. iv. VII. ; from kin, I. vi. VII. Serpents,on a banner (See Banner) ; dreaming about, II. iv. V. G, 7. Servants, I. i. III. 4 : II. vi. V. 5 ; hired, IV. i. [iii.] V. ; plenty of, III. ii. II. 2 ; all are the king's, II.
vi.

I. 1.

9;

III.

Service, incessant, II. viii. X. ; rever ence in the, IV. iii. I. Settlement of Pin, the, III. ii. VI. 5, 6. Seven suns lament their mother's sor uf nubility, row, I. iii. VII. ; orders I. x. IX. e stimate of in the Sexes, immorality two, I. v. IV. 3 ; relative importance of the, II. iv. V. S : III. iii. X. 3. the wide, of a mulberry tree, Shade,

III.

iii.

III.

1.

420) *

OF

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

421) IV.

II. v. IV. ; of an old friend, Shells on vermilion-strings, IV. ii. against, II. v. V. ; an eunuch suffering from, IV. 5. II. v. VI. ; of women and eunuchs, a plant, I. iii. X. Shepherd's-purse, III. iii. X. 4. ; dragonShields, IV. i. [i.] VIH. I. xi. death spoken of as, I. vi. VI. and feather-figured, Sleep, figured, III. ; of duke Lew, HI. ii. VI. 1. Sleepon couches, sons, but daughters, on the ground, II. iv. V. 8, 9. Shoes, made of dolichos, I. viii. VI. Sleet and snow, II. vii. III. 3. 2 ; ix. I. : II. v. IX. 2. vii. I. xv. VII. : III. iii. II. VI. 4 and brawling, red, ; Slippers, Shouting II. iii. V. 4. VII. 2 ; gold-adorned, of workmen. III. i. III. 6 ; clamour those eastern, III. ii. VIII. 9. and, HI. iii. I. 5. Slopes, Smartwccd, IV. i. [iii.] VI. Shrike, the, I. xv. I. 3. I. iii. IV. i. Smile of V. of Woo, pride, the, ; every, king Shrine, [ii.] and word correct, II. vi. V. 3. VIII. ; [iii.] II. ; of Woo-ting, IV. I. iii. XVI. : II. i. VII. 6 ; iii. V. 6. Snow, VIII. 4; vi. VI. 2; vii. III. 3; ISickles, IV. i. [\"\302\267] a I.. 8. the Southern, 7, Sieve, constellation, Social life, the duties of, IV. i. [i.] X. II. v. VI. 2 ; IX. 7Soldier'sthought of home, a, I. ix. grain, III. ii. I. 7. Sifting III. ii. X. 6. IV. ; x. VIII. ; xv. III. Sighing and groaning, I. ii. VII. ; Soldiers, Silk, I. v. IV. ; white, separation of, from their I. iii. VI. ; vi. IV. : II. i. vii. XIX. ; viii. HI. ; x. III. ; families, VII. and yellow, I. viii. III. ; of, against the ; complaint green, of War, II. iv. I. ; cheer minister threads, I. ii. XIII. 3; girdle, I. II. III. ; misery and ful viii. xiv. III. ; bands, ribbons, cords, alacrity of, and murmuring of, II. viii. X. I. iii. II. 3 : I. iv. IX. ; garments, alas! for the helpless and, IV. i. [iii.] VII. Solitary, II. iv. VIII. 13 ; v. II. \316\264 Silk-worm ; the king, moth, the, I. v. HI. 2 ; III. ii. X. 7 : IV. i. [iii.] I. I. xv. I. the, month, Silk-worms and weaving, III. iii. X.4. Son of a marquis married, the, I. ii. \316\247\316\240\316\231. Silken ; Oh ! my, III. iii. II. 10,12 ; string, the, of a bow, HI. iii. of Heaven. See Heaven. II. 9. lad, a, I. v. IV. 1. my few verses in prolongation Song, Simple-looking ii. VIII. 10 ; I have a of satis of III. and whistling, sign your, Singing faction, I- ii. XI- ; of sorrow, \316\240. made this, II. v. V. 8 : III. iii. III. 16 ; V. 8 ; VI. 8. viii. V. 3 ; and dancing, II. vii. IV. 3 ; to admonish by, I. xii. VI. ; to Songs, responding in, I. xii. IV. themselves for i. ii. II. 2 of I. HI. birds, Sons, seven, blaming lutes, ; I. iii. VIII. ; their mother's sorrow, II. 1; iii. VII. 4; VIII. 2 ; IX. 2, inti and daughters, the auspicious 3 ; xv. I. lot of, II. iv. different mations, and Sister, I. iii. XIV. 2 ; v. III. 4. V. 7, 8, 9 ; train and teach your, II. of the capital of Chow, III. i. Site looked out for a, III. v. II. 3 ; of the East, and of the X ; T'au-foo i. III. 2. West, II. v. IX. 4 ; and grandsons, II. vi. V. 6: IV. i. [iii.] V. of Six reins, the, II. i. III. ; orders nobility, I. x. IX. ; hosts of the king, Son-el, I. ix. II. of an officer, I. iii. I. ; XV. ; III. i.\" IV. 3 ; iii. IX. 1 ; days, a Sorrow, of a wife, I. iii. II. ; of a mother, absent for, II. viii. II. 2. husband of the at the I. iii. VII. ; starts in Sixth departure month, an expedition duke of Chow from the Bast,I. xv. the, II. iii. III. VI. ; caused by the minister of War, Skin of a rat, the, I. iv. VIII. II. iv. I.; of the people, HI. ii. Skins, lambs' and sheep's, I. ii. VII. ; IX. SeeHeart. and of white foxes, red panthers, iii. Sound nor smell, the doings of Heaven HI. VII. 6. yellow grisly bears, i. VIII. have neither, HI. i. I. 7seeds I. in, Skirts, gathering I. xv. VI. 1. 3 ; embroidered, Soups, HI. iii. I. : IV. ii. IV. 4 ; iii. II. to a South hill, the, I. viii. VI. ; xiv. II. : Slab of stone, Paou-sze compared II. i. \\ I. 6 ; ii. VII. ; iv. V. ; VII. thin, II. viii. V. 8. enr to. I. x. 5. 6 ; vi. VI. 1. atrainst \302\241riving Slanders, ii. III. 6; tribes of the, \316\231\316\2337. : II. iii. IX. ; iv. VIII. ; IX. South, \316\247\316\240. the hordes of the, III. iii. II. 4 ; in 7 ; X. 4 : v. 111. ; vii. V. : III. iii. II. V. is the to Heaven) 1, 2 ; an) X. 4; XI. 3; appeal barbel, the,

6 ; great altar to the, of set up, III. i. III. 7; encouraged by the, III. iii. V. ; IX. i. V. 5 ; had no occasion for com acres, I. xv. I. 1 : II. vi. III. i. VI. South-lying plaint or dissatisfaction. VII. 1, 3; VIII. 1, 4 : IV. i. [iii.] 2 ; the host of all the, III. ii. VIII. 3 the Le V.; VI. ; approaches of, cannot Southern calculated beforehand, III. iii. II. Sieve, a constellation, II. v. VI. 2 ; IX. 7 ; sea, III. iii. VIIIto the intelligent, III. 7; reverent 3 ; metals, IV. ii. III. 8. iii. IV. 6 ; the, are not blessing, III. I. i. IX. ; ii. II. ; xiv. iii. X. 5 ; he has attracted and given Southernwood, xv. I.: II. i. I. 2; ii. IX.; rest to all, IV. i. [i.] VIII. IV.: vi. III. 3 ; offering, with fat, III. ii. Spirits, ardent, and viands, I. x. II. : I. 7 ; oxtail-, I. vi. VIII. ; aster-, vii. III. ; IV. 3 ; iv. VIII. 12 ; II. iii. II. ; different kinds of. II. v. vi. V. 1 : III. ii. IV. ; making and VIII. 1, 2. I. xv. I. 8 : II. vi. VI. drinking, 6, a true, III. i. X. ; the duty 3 ; straining, II. i. V. 2, 3 ; good Sovereign, of a, III. ii. VII. ; ulas ! you, of and abundant, II. ii. III. 1, 2, 3 ; V. ; and food, daughters have only Yin-Shang, III. iii. I. ; the\"last, of III. iii. I. 8 ; truly is the Mug to think of, II. iv. V. 9 ; presents H\303\253a, the, -lord, IV. i. [i.~i VIII. ; -kinc\302\267, of, II. v. IX. 5 ; sacrificing with, IV. i. [\303\214L] VIII. II. vi. V. ; VI. : IV. i. [ii.] IV. ; of old, II. vi. Sovereigns, the virtuous, [iii.] V. ; good and soft, II. vii. I. the three, in heaven, III. i. 4: IV. i. [iii.] VIL; mild and IV.; IX. 1 ; our two, IV. i. [i.] VI. good, II. vii. VI. 1 ; pouring out a in chambers, I. xv. III.'2. Sow-bug, cup of, II. viii. VII. ; clear (yellow II. vi. I VIII. : III. iii. III. Sowing, liquid), HI. i. V. 2, 4 : IV. iii. II. ; 6: IV. i. [ii.] II.; [iii.]V. ; VI.; sweet and strong, III. ii. II. 4 ; ii. IV. 1 ; neither, nor reaping, I. to the full, III. ii. III. drinking ix. VI. (See Drinking) ; pouring into a cala I. iii. X. ; x. XII. 2 : III. III. ii. VI. 4 ; the king's face Sowthistle, bash, flushed with, III. iii. I. 5 ; besotted I. ii. VI. vases of Sparrow, by, HI. iii. II. 3 ; a hundred the, I. v. VI. Sparrow-gourd, clear, III. iii. VII. 3 ; herb-flavour ed, from black millet, HI. iii. VIII. the, I. ii. XIII. ; xi. Sparrow-plum, 5 ; sweet, IV. i. [ii.] IV. ; [iii.] V. ; VII. ; xv. I. 6. I. vii. V. ; xi. VIII. : II. iv. Spears, drinking the good,IV. ii. HI. 3. VII. 8 : III. ii. VI. 1 : IV. i. [i.] Spirits full of, III. ii. (animal), VIII. ; ii. IV. 5. VIII. 2. II. iv. X. 5 the with wood I. ix. VI. ;' aids for, artful, ; for, Speech, Spukes, out action, II. v. I, 3 ; elegance II. iv. VIII. 9, 10. of, II. viii. I. 1 ; he cautious in, III. Spoons, of thorn-wood, II. v. IX. 1. iii. II. 5, 6. do not make, III. ii. X. 4, 8. Sport, natural to the, I. ii. the, II. v. II. 3. Sphex, Spring, thoughts I. xv. III. 2. XII. the web, ; Spider's approach of, I. xv. I. : worn at the girdle, I. v. VI. I. II. i. VIII. 6 ; it is now the end of, Spike, IV. i. [ii.] I. ; and autumn sacri the, an insect, I. xv. I. 5. Spinner, fices, IV. ii. IV. 3. Spinning and weaving, I. xv. L 3. the of water, I. iii. XIV. 1 : II. Father of the, Spring Spirit, husbandry, II. vi. VIII. 2 ; of the Path, the, v. X. 5 ; cool, I. iii. VII. 3 ; xiv. III. \302\241i. I. 7 ; iii. VI. 7 ; VII. 3 ; no, IV. : II. v. IX. 3 ; a stream flow not honoured, III. iii. IV. 2; the ing from a, II. v. I. 5 ; nothing sent down a, III. iii. V. 1. mountains than II. v. III. 8 water a, ; deeper beings, hearken to bubbling Spirits, = spiritual up from s, II. vii. VHI. him who cultivates friendship, II. i. 2 : III. iii. X. 7 ; surely as the flows from a, III. iii. II. 4 ; water V. 1 ; come and confer blessings, to when a, becomes II. i. VI. 5 ; vi. V. ; hearken dry, III. iii. XI. 6. and streams, II. viii. HI. 5 : those who love the correct and up Springs HI. ii. VI. 5; and pools, III. i. right, II. vi. III. 4, 5 ; representa VII. 6 ; the hundred, III. ii. VI. 3. tives of, eating and drinking, II. vi. and of the four and sweep, III. iii. II. 4. V. ; of the land, Sprinkle II. 4:) and i. vi. VII. VIII. IV. I.)) 2; hoes, Spuds [ii.] quarters,
the

expedition to the, II. iii. IV. ; viii. III. ; a ridge on the, III. ii. VI. 3 ; the States of the, II. v. X. 6 : III.

III. iii.

cheered and

land,

II.

i. III.3.

422)

OF
vii.

SUBJECTS.)

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.)

OF

SUBJECTS.)

423)

Stable, a, II.

Stack yard,

III. See and \302\241/ing-, I. \317\204\317\213\316\257. II. 3. 4. \342\200\242ung-, v. II. 5. III. u. I. 6 ; in a kitchen Stools,'ill. ii. II. 1, 2; VI. 4. Stacks, carusing the old, II. vi. VII. 1. iteres, den, I. xv. I. 7, 8 ; tens of myriads the, of the duke Lew, III. ii. of, II. vi. V. 1. : IV- i. [iii.] V- ; Story, II. vi. end mounds, like islands booths for, III. ii. VI. 3. Strangers, VII. 4. like a, II. i. VI. \\ iii. VI. II. itream, happiness 2; v. III. 5. Stags, \316\264 artful speech like a, II. iv. \316\247. III. i. VI. 4. ; Stain, kins Wan -without. \316\231. \316\264 to ruin like ; roll a, II. \316\275. going Stairs, IV. i. [iii.] VII. Stalks of grain, IV. i. [iii.] V. ing like a, III. iii. IX. \316\264. IV. ii. I. Streamers, white, II. iii. III. 4. Stallions, II. iv. IX. 3 ; overflowing, Streams, Stand, a large, IV. ii. I. III, dried up, III. iii. IV. 4 ; large, Stands of -wood and earthenware for iii. VII. 6; going over hills and, offerings, III. ii. I. 7. II. viii. VIII. ; surveying, III. ii. I. vii. Till. ; xii. Star, the morning-, VI. \316\264. V. ; the Fire-, I. xv. I. Streets, I, vii. III. Star-light, I. iv. VI. 3. and oppressive, Chung Shan1 II. v. X. iv. VI. : ii. Strong I. ; Stars, not fear the. III. iii. VI. 5 ; foo does IX. : III. iii. IV. 8 ; on a cap, I. steed,T'ang supported the States as v. I. 2 ; the Three, I. x. V. : II. iii. viii. IX. 3. a, IV. IV. 5. iii. II. 3. State, the great, i. t., Ts'e,I. iv. X. Study the former kings, III. the, I. Stupid man and a wise, a, III. iii. II. 4 ; a virtuous man rectifies the foundation 1, 9, 11 ; III. 10. xiv. III. ; ministers Sturgeon, I. v. III. 4 : II. V. X. 7 : and light of the, II. ii. VII. ; wora IV. ii. VI. vi. I. II. of the, out in the service Suburban regioD, II. i. VIII. 2. ; 4; a large, (Sin), III. i. II. 4, \316\264 IX. of king Woo, IV. i. [iii.] an inferior, IV. ii. IV. 1 ; God Success Successful, T'ang the, IV. iii. V. 2. raised up the, III. i. VII. 3; the of in the tread our Successors steps prede III. iii. VIII. 2, 3; king's, confer cessors, III. i. IX. ; dignity complete, IV. i. [ij III. ; unsettled, red on, IV. i. [i-JIV. IV. i. [iii.] I. ; \316\240. ; the glory of Suite, of an envoy, II. i. III. 1 ; of the, IV. i. [iii.] V. the duke of Sung, IV. ii. IX. vii. States,the feudal, I. xiv. IV. : II. the long days of, I. x. XI.; in : IV. i. [i.] Summer, I. 2: III. iii. VII. \316\264 IV. ; VIII. ; the four, I. xv. IV. : the fourth month comes, II. v. X. horns capped in, III. iii. VIII. 6 ; the myriad, II. iv. 1 ; bulls have their IV. ii. IV. 4 ; a sacrifice in, IV. iii. VII. 10; the lords of the various, II. II. v. IX. the II. iv. X. 2 ; of I.; East, 1 ; iv. VI. 1 ; v, I. iii. XIII. III. Sun, 2 ; of the South, II. v. X. 6 \302\267 VIII. 3 ; vi. IX. : II. vii. IX. 7, 8 ; iii. V. ; IX. ; \"Wan received the \316\231. \316\264 I. iii. and moon, ; IV. ; VIII. allegiance of the, III. i. II. 3 ; III. 9; IV. ; the centre of all the, III. i. 3 ; II. i. VI. 6 ; IX. 1 ; vi. III. VII. 6 ; ii. IX. 3 ; the great, are 2,3. III. \316\264. of Works, Ill.i. III. ii. X. 7 ; screens of all Superintendent screens, men, neglected, II. iv. VII. Superior the, III. iii. V. 1 ; good and bad III. iii. II. 7 ; intercourse 4 4 of with, ; ; princes of the, III. iii. VI. are the bonds of the social state, III. the North, III. iii. VII. 6 ; the at iii. III. 3; my, III. iii. IV. 8. of Loo, IV. ii. IV. 3, 6, 7 ; tached, of two Surmises as to the death ; small exterior great, IV. iii. IV. \316\223 iii. XIX. I. youths, and large, IV. iii. IV. 2, 4, 5. III. ; Surname, none like those of one's own, Statutes of king Wan, IV. i. [\303\215-] I. x. VI. V. the hundred, II. i. VI. 5. Surnames, \302\27311 Stave-tree, the, III. i. VII. 2. I. iv. VI. : III. ii. VI. \316\264 III. iii. III. 3. Surveying, Steps of dissatisfaction, III. the, of the fields, II. vi. Surveyor, the, of the chief of Shin, Steward, II.

VII. 3 ; VIII. 4. commiseioned the, Heaven Swallow, the, IV. i. [iii.]IV, IV. iii. HI. Stone, the mind not a, I. iii. I. 3 ; the II. sun, I. vi. IX. See Swearing by grind-, II. iii. X. I ; sounding-, Oath.) ri. IV. 4 : IV. i. IX. ; u- V. ; itwa-,) iii. V. 3.
of Sting

a wasp,

III. iii. II. 4. Thieves, ravening, II. v. X. 4 ; ia the court-yard, court of Yin, III. iii. I. 3. rain, II. vi. VII. 2. III. ii. VI. 2. II. iii. V. \316\264. bowstring-, Thimbles, an officer of Thirties, cattle arranged complains in, according want of, III. ii. X. to colour, II. iv. VI. 2. le, IV. i. [ii.] II.; thousand Thirty Tablet of Wbo-ting, the tranquil abode footmen, IV. ii. IV. \316\264. of the, IV. iii. V. 6. II. i. VII. ; v. X. Thorn-ferns, I. i. IX. 2 ; vi. IV. : vii. on, Thorns, Tablets, orders of the king written II. i. VIII. 4. x. XVIII. V. ; XI. ; xi. VI. ; the ; III. i. V. 1. Tail, the, of a bird, all broken, I. xv. arrow-, II. 3; of a wolf, 1. xv. VII. Thorn-wood, spoons of, II. v. IX. 1. Talent, early kings attended to the Thorny bushes, II. vi. V. 1. education about of, II. iii. II. Thoughtfulness horses, IV. ii. I. Talk, a lady afraid of, I. vii. II.; against believing people's, I. vii. Thousand chariots, a, IV. ii. IV. \316\264 ; XVIII. ; how to stop baseless, II. le, IV. iii. III. IX. iii. Thousands of pairs, IV. i. fii.l II. ; Tall and large, a beautiful lady who [iii.]V. Three Stars, the, I. x. V. : II. viii. was, I. v. III. IX. 3 ; thousand horses and mares, Tamarix, the, III. i. VII. I. viii. XI. : vii. VI. 1. I. iv. VI. 3 ; years of oppression, I. Target, ii. IV. IV. a. ix. VII. ; years of absence from Tassels, vermilion, Teaching a monkey to climb trees, II. home, I. xv. III. 3; hundred farms, vii. IX. 6 ; an inferior asking, from and round bins, I. ix. VI. ; ornaVI. ; with his superiors, H, viii. meuts of a fur-dress, I. vii. VI. 3 ; assiduous III. iii. II. ministers of Hwang-foo, II. iv. IX. repetition, IL iv. X. 2; 6; high ministers, See Horses. Team. IV, ii. IV. 4 ; sove aged ministers, a \316\220-\316\220\316\261\316\277\316\227, fish, IV. i. [i!.] VI. reigns in Heaven, III. i. IX. 1 ; Tears falling, II. v. III. III. ii. VI. \316\264 troops, ; cups, II. vii. vi. III. 1. VI. a-, creatures for sacrifice, II. v \302\267 V. 7. Teeth, the, of a rat, I. ii. VI. 3 iv. VIII. ; elepkauts', IV. ii. III. 8; Threefold labours of husbandry, the, a child's, with hoary hair, IV. ii. III, iii. IX. 2. IV. 8. ix. VI. I. Three-year-olds, III. Temple, tke, of a prince, I, ii. II. ; Throatand tongue, be the kins:'\302\273 the middle path of a, I. xii. VII. ; iii. VI. 3, II. v. IV, I ; vi. V. : III. ancestral, I. ii. VIII. iii. V. ; the Thunder, ; i. III. 5 ; VI. 3 ; ii. IV. ; of Chow, onset of battle like, II. iii. IV. 4 ; feel the, IV. i. [ii.] V. ; building a, IV. lightning and, II. iv. IX. 3 ; iii. V. 6. the peril like, III. iii. IV. 3 ; terri the the ii. IV. fied invasion as by, III. iii. IX. 3. solemn, new, Temples, by IV. 1, 8. I. iii. XIII. ; vii. IV. : iii. Tiger, Ten princes, IV. iii. III. VII. 5; attacking a, v. I. 6. ii. See thousand IV. II. Ten men, Tiger's skin, a mat of, I. xi. III. ; a bow-case Myriad. of, I. xi. III. ; a leaningii. III. board covered with, III. iii. VII. 2. Tench, the, I. viii. IX. 2 iii. VIL \303\263. Tigers, wolves and, II. v. VI. 6 ; we 2; viii. II. 4: duke Lew's, broad and long, are not, II. viii. X. 3 ; officers like Territory, and III. ii. VI. \316\264 ; great glorious, raging, III. iii. IX. 4 : IV. ii. III. \316\264. IIL ii. VIIL 3; and fields of Shin, Tiles, ornamental, I. xii. VII. ; to play III. iii. V. 3 ; of Loo, IV. ii. IV. 2. witk, daughters shall have, II. iv. of Seuen in time of V. 9. king Terror, III. i\303\274. IV. 3 ; inspired III. drought, by Time, I was born in an unhappy, the march of troops, III. iii. IX. iii. III. 4 ; of shaking and peril, IV. Heaven arrayed in angry, III. iii. IV. 7 ; dark, and clear, IV. i. Terrors, iii. XI. 1. VIII. fiii.] Tethering by the foot, II. iv, II. Times, the disorderof the, II. iii. IX ; an ode IV. i. iv. Thanksgiving, of, VII.; VIII.; IX.; X.; v. [ii.] IV. ; IX. ; X. : III. ii. IX. ; \317\207. ')) iii. III. ; X. Thatch, II. vi. VII. 4.)

Sweep your
Sweet Sword, Sympathy,

8.

II.

2.

11.

6; IX. 1;

II.

III.

III.

: II.

3.

I.; II.;

424) Tina, VI.

\316\237\316\223 SUBJECTS.)

INDEX
Stave-tree,
Tamarix,

I.)

INDEX

I.)
of

SUBJECTS.) \316\237\316\223 Kwei,

425)

a
1.

space

in the heavens,

I.

iv.

Paper-mulberry,

Vanity of a ruler
Vapours,

Tithes,
Toe-print,

paying,

II. vi. VII. 1. a, made by God, III.

Peach, ii.
Pear,

Thorn,
Varnish-tree,

Pine,
Plum,
Sandal,

rank, IV. iii. IV. I. x. XI. ; the gate of Tombs, xii. VI.

Tokens

of

4.

Willow.

the, I.

Trial,

Tongue, words that come only from the, II. iv. X. 5 ; no one can hold my, for me, III. iii. II. 6 ; be the king's throat and, III. iii. VI.; mischief of a long, III. iii. X. 3. Torch, the, in the court-yard, II. iii.
VIII.

I.

on accountof refusing
ii.

to marrv,

Tornado, II. v.
Tortoises,

large,

divination by, I. v. IV. 2 4 ; v. I. \"3 : III. i. IV. III. X. 7. I. xi. III. Trident-spears, ii. II. 2. Tower, the New, I. iii. XVIII. ; on Tripe, a wall, a, I. vii. XVII. ; viii. XIX. ; Tripods, and pans, I. ii. IV. 2 ; large the Marvellous, and small, IV. iii. VII. III. i. VIII. Traces of a carriage, I. xi. III. of, I. vi. IV. ; de Troops, murmuring enormous II. i. VII. ; Trade, spatch of, to the north, profit in. III. iii. X. 4. return of, II. i. VIII. ; IX. ; of Trains of gourds, long, III. i. III. in the Travellers between Loo and Ts'e, I. wilderness of Yin-shang, viii. X. Muh, III. i. II. 7 IV. ii. IV. 2 ; of king Wan, III. i. VII. 5,6; three, II. Travelling through the country, iv. IV. ; V. III. ii. VI. 5 ; marching of, III. iii. See Progress. VIII. 1 ; IX. 2, 3. Trays, II. vi. V. 3. III. out ii. I. 7. Trunks,dead, and fallen trees, III. i. Treading pram, VII. wife, I. iii. IV. ; V. Treatment, bad, of \316\272 Tree, like a ruined, II. v. III. 5 ; Tube, and reed, I. iii. XVII. 2. \"when a tree falls,\" &c. (a popular iii. Turtle, roast, II. iii. III. 6 VII. 3. saying), III. iii. I. Tree-clad hill, I. ix. IV. Turtle-dove, I. xiv. III. SeeDove. Turtle-foot the, I. v. III. 2. Tree-grub, ferns, I. ii. III. : II. v. X. 8. I. i. II. 1 ; IV. ; IX. ; iii. VI. : Trees, II. ii. V. 3; v. VII. 3 IV. ii. III. Two youths, the death of, I. iii. XIX. 8 ; fallen, III. i. VII. 2 ; felling, VII. iii. V. 5, 7 : II. i. V. ; v. III. 7 : Uncle, the king's, IV. ii. IV. 2. 2 : IV. ii. IV. 9 ; V. 6 ; perched on, of II. v. I. iii. XII. 4 v. II. 6 soft II. Uncles, wood, S, ; vii. XI. ; ; and maternal, invited to a IV. 5 ; the e, the fuiiff, and the tsse, patenial 4 ; the ii. IX. I. iv. VI. 1 : feast, II. V. 2 ; and cousins, II. II\302\273ii. vi. V. 5. k'aou and the new, I. x. ii. Unlawful VII. 4 ; the kow and the i/u, II. an, I. vii. XX. connection, v. III. 3 ; the Unlikely things may be made useful, VII. 5 ; the tsze, III. ii. VII. e, v. X. 8; the yth. III. i. III. 8; IV. 1; V. 5; VII. 3; thep'o/i, Upside down, putting on clothes, I. viii. V. IV. 1. Useful, unlikely things may be made,
Tortoise-shell,

banners.

IV. ii. See Banner.

VII. 2.

III. 8;

on

: II. i. IX. 3;

of King, II. iii. IV. ii. IV. 5; iii. V.; uf th\302\253 III. iii. VIII. ; IX. : IV. ii. III. 5, 7, S ; IV. 6, 7 ; of the West and North, IV. ii. IV. 5. See Wild, attain Index IL, H\303\253en-yun,Jung, Man, Mih. Tributas, growing on walls, I. iv. II. ; on the ground, II. vi. V. 1. Tribute, T'ang received the, IV. iii.

VI.

Tribes,

4:

savage,

IV.

Hwae,

iii. VI. 1 ; is light as a hair, but few are able to lift it, III. iii. VI. 6 ; the old, III. iii. XI. 6; will be IV. i. IV. ; of king Ch'ing, imitated, II. 1 x. I. iv. VI. ; ; the, Varnish-tree, VI. ; I will cultivate ad IV. i. xi. IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; of the a mirable, washing a gilded, I. i. Vase, marquis of Loo, IV. ii. III. 4, 5 ; of spirit-, III. ii. VII. iii. Yuen, IV. ii. IV. III. K\303\253ang of a spirits, hundred, Vases, Virtues, you forget my great, II. v. VII. VII. 3 ; civil, III. iii. VIII. 6. is God ! III. iii. I. Vast of old, II. vi. sovereigns Virtuous, Vegetable, the^oo-, III. iii. VII. 3. with the, association IV. ; cultivate iii. 6 X. iii. I. Vegetables, III. ii. IX. 3. VII. 3. v. III. 1. I. xiv. II. (See Viscount, the, of T'an, I. Vegetation, luxuriant, X. Visitant, a, from heaven, I. iv. III. 2. ; decay of, II. viii. Luxuriance) i. IV. [ii.] IX. noble, I have made these few, III. ii. Visitor, the Verses, the representatives of former Visitors,

I. xiii.

I.

rising in

the morning,

I. xiv.

I.

III. 2 ; 2.

[i.]

I.

3.

: III.

VIII.
VII.

10.

Vessels, drawing

5. III.

VII. : of
3.

water with, sauces and fruit,

III. ii. III. iii.

Volume of

dynasties, at court, IV. V. ; we have admirable,

flowing

i. [ii.]III. ;
IV. iii. I. a large, II.

water,

Viands, II. i. V.

2.

8.

: III.

iii. IX. 2 ; iv. VIII. 12 ; vi. I. v. IV. 6. marriage-, II. ; III. ; IV. ; iii. Vows, broken VII. 3 : IV. i. [iii.] V. ; ii. IV. 4 ; do not push forward a, II. II. ii. III. 4, 5, Waggon, good and abundant, vi. II. 6 ; vii. III. ; no good, II. vii. IV. 3. II. viii. III. I. iv. III.; Waggons, driving, Vice, and beauty contrasted, the, II. i. IV. 3 ; v. Wag-tail, in the court of WTei, I. iv. V. a rat bores through a, I. ii. VI. Wall, I have grudged no, III. iii. Victim, a, I. 3; meeting at the corner of on IV. 1. a, iii. XVII. ; tribulus growing Victims, red and black, II. vi. VIII. 4. I. v. IV. ; I. iv. II. ; a ruinous, three in one day, II. i. Victories, II. over a, I. vii. ; building leaping VII. region, II. i. VIII. a, in the northern Victorious sovereigns of old, the, II. X. i. III. and 3; the moat, 3; vi. IV. the circle people are a, III. ii. X. 7 ; Victory of king Woo, III. i. is a fortified, of the king's relatives II. iii. IV. 2. Villages, III. ii. X. 7 ; a wiseman builds, but Violets, III. a. III. iii. overthrows woman a wise of a bride, III. companions Virgins, X. 3 ; sheaves high as a, IV. i. I iii.]

V. 1 :

III.

ii.

II. 4.

4.

II. 8.

i. III.3.

iii. VII.

: HI. i.

Virtue

III.

II.

II. :

i.

II. III. i.

II.

See Arrow-ihorn,
Carambola,

Fir,

III. ii. VII.

careful

Ha/el,

Cedar,
Cherry,

Hedge-tree,
Jujube,
Medlar,

Valerian,

I. vii.

Chestnut,

Elm,
Fetid

Cypress, tree,

Mulberry,

Oaks,

II. V. II. 6. Valleys, I. vi.

Valley,

as on

XXI. ; xii. X. the brink

of a,

Papaya,)

V. ; great winds come 12. from the large, III. iii. III. Valour of T'ang, IV. iii. IV. 5.)

bride, I. i. I. ; king W\303\244n's VI. 1 ; ; V. : HI. i. II. ; the Han, I. i. of the women about the Joo, IX. ; of the women about I. i. X. ; of the family of king Wan, of Tae I. i. XI. Kwei, I. iii. III. ; of a husband, I. iii. VIII. ; of a lady of Ch'in, I. xii. IV. ; of a lord of Ts'aou, I. xiv. III. ; II. ii. VII. ; of feudal of ministers, ex princes, II. ii. IX. ; brothers torted to maintain their own in bad vii. II. of a II. bride, ; times, II. v. IV. ; cultivate your, III. i. I. 6 ; of and mother, III. father Wan's king 4 ; characteristics of. VII. i. III. i. I of Wan, king III. iii. II. ; II. ; ; to X. : IV. i. [i.] I. ; ii. V. : V. ; VII. ; of some king, III. II iii, an indication of inward, III. 1 ; of the chief of Shin, III. iii. V iii III. 8; of Chung Shan-foo, love, III) VI\302\267 ', the people naturally

4.

II. ; IV.

of

: III. i. I.; II.;

Walls, brothers may quarrel inside the, II. i. IV. 4 ; old, I. iv. VI. 2 ; II. iii. VII. 2; iv. V.: building, III. i. VII. III. i. III. 6 ; attacking, i. X. ; of the 7, 8 ; of Fung, III. city of Han, III. iii. VII. 6. Wanderer, a, frum Chow, I. vi. VII. Heaven is with Great Wanderings, ii. X. 8. you in all your, HI.
associations Wanton of Ch'in, I. xii.

VI.

II.

of young

people

War,

II. 2;

III.

the exercises of, I. II. -i ; Minister has done its work, II. of, II. iv. I. ; iv. X. 4 ; the father of, III. i. VII. of, III. iii. IX. 1. 8; apparatus xv. I.
keeping

4:

up III. iii.

I.xi. III. SeeChariot. War-carnage, called out to, I. x. VIII. Warfare, iii. III. Warlike spirit of Ts'in, I. xi. VIII. ; of king Wan, III. i.)) preparations

See Kxpedition.

II.

426)

OP

SUBJECTS.)
White

INDEX

I.)

INDEX

I.) I. ii.

OP

SUBJECTS.)
causes

427)
iii.

VII. 5, 6, 7 ; energy of king Seuen, III. iii. IX. 4 ; of\" Woo-tiug, IV

kins: Le, III. iii. I. for fislClV. i. [\302\241\302\241.] VI. Warrior, a, in charge of an expedition to the east, viii. VIII. Washing, water good for, III. ii. VII IV. i. [iii.] IV. Wasp, Watchfulness III. iii, recommended,

Warnings to
Warrens

V. 1. [\302\241\302\241i.]

II.

II. Water, a hot thing III. iii. III. 5 ; circular, IV. ii.
a

must
pleasant

be dipped in, is the semi creature,

III.

Water-bow, v. V. 8.
Water-plants iii. XI.

fabulous

II,

attached

4.

to a tree,

III

Water-polygonum, the fretted, Waters, from a spring, I.

I. vii.

I. x. III. ; cold, xiv. IV. ; a large volume of flowing, II. iii. IX. ; of the Hwae, II. vi. IV. ; of the Loh II. vi. IX. ; of the deluge, IV. iii,
IV. 1.

X. 2.

Way-farers, II. v. I. 4; IV. 5. the grand, IV. ii. III. 3. Wealth, the, of former days, III. iii XI. 5. I. iii. VI. ; xi. VIII. : III. Weapons, iii. II. 4. See Bows, Axes, Arrows, Halberds, Hatchets, Shields,
Ways, Swords.

Weariness
Weaving,

Weaving II. v. IX. 5.

Weeding, \"

of life, I. vi. VI. III. iii. X. 4. Sisters,the, a constellation,

II. vi.

VI.

VII. 1 : IV. iii.

V. ;

Weeds, I. viii. VII. VII. 6. Weeping blood, II. iv. X. 7. men of worth, I. iv. IX. Welcoming Wilderness, the, of Muh, III. i. II. West,fine men of the, I. iii. XIII. 7,8. 4 ; poing to the, I. xiii. IV. : II. Wilds, desolate, II. viii. X. 3. vi. III. ; our hearts in the, I. xv. Will, the clear, of Heaven, III. i. IX. III. 1 ; the sons of the east made to 2 ; ii. IX. I. serve those of the, II. v. IX. 4 ; Willow tree, I. vii. II. ; viii. V. ; xi. from east to, no quiet, III. iii. III. I. ; xii. V. : II. i. VII. 6 ; ii. VII. 4 ; the marsh in the, IV. i. [ii.] 2; X. 3; iii. II. 4; v. III. 4; vii. III. ; tribes of the, IV. ii. IV. \316\264. VIII. 5 ; X. ; garden, II. v. VI. 7. Wheat, I. iv. IV. 2 ; X. 4 ; vi. X. 2; Wily and obsequious, the, III. ii. IX. ix. VII. ; xv. I. 7 : IV. ii. I. ; HowWind, fierce, I. iii. V. ; xiii. IV. : II. tseih's. III. ii. I. 4 : IV. i. [i.] X. ; v. VIII. 5, 6 ; X. 3 ; genial south, I. IV. I. iu. VII. : III.ii. VIII. I ; gentle [iii.] Wheel-aids, II. iv. VIII. 9, 10. east, I. iii. X. : II. v. VII. ; cold Whetstone, II. v. IX. 1 : III.ii. VI. 7north, I. iii. XVI.; cold, and rain, I. vii. XVI. ; cold, I. xv. I. ; and Whirlwind, I. xiii. IV. II. v. V. 7 : Whistle, the porcelain, I. xv. II. 3 : II. v. VII. 1; rain, III. ii. X. 6. soothing like a quiet, III. iii. VI. 8 ; a slanderer like a violent, Whistling and singing, I. ii. XI. ; iu II. v. V. sorrow, II. viii. V. 3. 4 ; like going in the teeth of the, worn I. xiii. II.) III. III. iii. 5.) Whits, by mourners,

II. iv. II. ; colt, the brilliant, : the, I. ii. XII. ; iii. XVII. v. III. 2 : II. viii. IV. 1, 2. III. ii. IV. Widgeons, Widow, a, protests against marrying I. iv. I. ; loneliness of a, I. x. again, XI. ; pity for the, II. iii. VII. I ; vi. VIII. 3 ; III. iii. VI. 5. Wife, industry of a prince's, I. ii. II. ; a, bewailing her husband's absence, I. ii. III. ; ui. VIII. ; v. VIII. ; vi. II. ; V. ; xi. VII. : II. viii. II. ; diligence of an officer's, I. ii. IV. ; her absent husband, I. a, admiring ii. VIII. ; iii. VIII. ; xi. III. ; of a, I. ii. XI. ; a neglected, jealousy I. iii. II. ; bad treatment of a, I. iii. V. ; V. ; v. IV. ; a, supplanted, I. iii. X. ; a, longing for her native place, I. iii. XIV. ; v. V. ; joy of a, at her husband's return, I. vi. III. ; vii. XVI. ; a, rousing her husband I. vii. VIII. ; viii. I. ; a kindly, man praises his own poor, I. vii. XIX. ; taking a, I. viii. VI. 3, 4 ; xii. III. ; happy meeting of husband union and, I. x. V ; and children, with, II. i. IV. 7, 8 ; bad, of king II. iv. VIII. IX. virtue Yew, ; 4; of king III. i. II. ; VI. 1 W\303\244n's, (SeeBride) ; the marquis of Han's, III. iii. VII. 4 ; there is given you a heroic, III. ii. III. 8 ; admirable, of the marquis of Loo, IV. ii. IV. 8. Wild, the, I. ii. XII. ; x. XI. Wild tribes of the North, II. i. VII. : III. iii. VII. 6 ; of Keun, III. i. III. 8 ; of Kwan, III. i. VII. 2 ; of the South, III. iii. II. 4 ; the Man, the Chuy, and the Mih, III. iii.
grass,

Windows,

Winds, great, have

12, 13.

iii. III. Women, interfering with government, III. iii. X. II. i. I. stands ; Wood, of, III. ii. I. ; dishes of, Wine, I. iii. I. 1 ; good, II. vii. VI. 1 : III. ii. III. 4 : IV. ii. See iii. VI. 4. IT. Spirits. sweet, IV. 4 ; soft and elastic, III. iii. II. f>. Wings, a man has no, to fly from sor How-tseih found by, row, I. iii. I. 5 ; of the pheasant, I. Wood-cutters, xiv. III. ii. I. 3. iii. VIII. ; of the ephemera, I. a stalwart, I. ix. VI. I. ; of the pelican, I. xiv. II. ; Woodman, II. vii. I. 1 ; left of yel Words,fair, and hatred, II. iv. IX. 7 ; variegated, II. v. I. 4 ; sweet, of scoun low ducks gathered up, II. vii. II. shallow, II. v. 3 ; men who act as, to the sovereign, drels, II. v. IV. 3; artful, if 5 be as IV. ii. VIII. 5 on, HI. ; careful of vour, II. v. VI. ; swift, 3 : III. ii. X. ; ui. II. 5, 6. III. iii. IX. T'an-foo's I. iii. X. 6 ; the long nights Works, superintendent of, Winter, III. i. III. 5. for, I. of, I. x. XI. ; preparation II. vi. V. : this II. v. 1.1 ; vi. III. : sacrifice lower, 5 a I. xv. in, World, ; III. i. II. 4 ; VII. 1. IV. iii. II. ; stormy, II. v. X. 3. in a Worthless characters men still might be found Wise employed, II. iv. VII. ; VIII. : III. iii. XI. 2. bad age, II. v. I. 5 ; and ignorant, on a I. I. 1. of iii. different effects the, Wound, painful, drinking

xv. I. 5.

IV. 3 ;

stopped

up, I.

a path,

III.

ruin, III. estimate of, II. iv.

X. V. 9.

3 ; a low

II. v. II. 2 ;

men

to'ood, II. v. lords of Shang,

a, protecting

III. iii. III. ; man, his own person. III. iii. VI. 4 ; man, a, and a stupid, III. iii. II. 1, 9; III. 10; man, a, anda III. iii. wise woman, contrasted,

IV. 5 ;

plant

trees

of

soft

men,

were

the

Wrappers, iv.

fit

V. 9. II. Wren, IV. i. [iii.]

of

clothing IV.

for daughters,

of Year, the close

Withered leaves, I. vii. of the, I. i. of the Joo, affection Wives soldiers separated from VII. iii. VI.; vi. viii. X. 2; help 1 ; VIII. II. vi. a sacrificial at service, ing and children bringing food II. vi. to field labourers, affection of, and husbands, children have and IV. i.

X. 3. X. ;

XI.

for the drought, Yearly appearance

the, described,

IV.; xv. III.: 5; IX. ;

II. i.

their, I.

V. 3, 5 ;

VIII. 4;
VII.
VIII.

VII. 3 ;

repose, Wulf, Wolf's-tail

IV. i. [iii.] VI. a, springing forward,

[iii.] V. ;

I.

xv.

of the chiefs before the king, IV. iii. V. 3. Years, a wife fafthful for three, I. v. IV. 5 ; plentiful, II. iv. VI. 4 ; vi. VII. 1 : IV. i. [ii.] I. ; [iii.] IX. ; prayer for plentiful, IV. ii. II. ; iii. II. 3 ; may you fulfil your, III. ii. See Myriads. VIII. 2\342\200\2244. Yellow bird, or Oriole.\"l. i. II. 1 ; iii. VII. ; xi. VI. : II.'iv. III. ; ducks, II. vii. II. ; viii. V. 7 ; colour of dress, I. iii. II. ; every plant is, II.
a kind of fish, II. ii. III. ii. VI. I. vii. III. T\303\215K\303\275i-gems, Yoke, an ornamented, III. iii. VII. 2 IV. iii. II. Young people,wanton associations of,
Yellow-jaws, IV.

; sacrifices III. ii. I. 7 ; a, coining, III. iii. IV. ; XI. 4.

the, I. x. I. ;

I. xv. I.

months
of

2.

grass, I. xiv. IV.

viii.

: II. vi.
II. v.

viii. X.

1:

Wolves, I.

Woman,

I. a husband, I. v. v. IV. ; desiring I. vi. for her lovers, IX. ; longing I. vii. XII.; X.; scorning her \303\251corner, I. vii. lost regretting opportunities, of her lover who XIV. ; thinking does not come, I. vii. XV. ; a wise,)
a, who had
been

VI. 6.

IT. ; and tigers,

seduced,

I. xii. II. a conceited, I. v. VI. ; and age, III. iii. II. 10, II. the death of two, I. iii. XIX. Youths, I. viii. III.)) Yang-stones,
Youth,

428)

INDEX

II.)
under seq.

PEOKEK

NAMES.) the K\303\253w, vi.

429) wilderness
III. 1.
of,

government et

INDEX
PEOPEE E A-h\303\244ng,

\316\240.)

NAMES.) Foo, a

of king Hwang-foo, a Grand-master Seuen, III. iii. IX. Hwang valley, the, in Shen-se, III. ii. VI. 6. a place occupied by the north Hwoh, ern tribes, II. iii. III. 4. Hwun, a river in Wei, I. ix. II.

IX. 4,

king Yew, II.

iv.

King,

the barbarous region of the South, II. iii. IV. 4 : IV. ii. IV \303\266 ; -ts'oo, IV. iii. V. the iii. 3 : iii. I. X. II. King, river, III. 4 : III. i. IV. 3 ; ii. IV. 1. King, the name of a hill near the capital IV. iii. III. ; V. 6. of Shang,
Koo, a \342\200\242principality
IV.
of H\303\253a, IV. iii. 6. Kung, a place in the State of Yuen, III. i. VII. 5. barbarian tribes, III. i. VII. 2. Kwan, the State of, I. xiii. title. Kwei, a mountain in Loo, IV. ii. IV. 6. Kwei, of the the father-in-law Kwei-foo, iii. VIT. 4. marquis of Han, \316\240\316\231. Kwo valley, the, in Shen-se, III. ii.

II.

in the

West,

T'ang, IV.

Yin, the
iii.

minister

IV.

7.

Chang,

Chang Chung, the filial II. iii. III. 6. Ch'in, the State of, I. iii. VI. ; xii. title. Ch'ing, the king. 111. ii. VIII. : IV. ; i. [i.] VI. ; IX. ; [ii.] II. ; VIII. ; I. to IV. ; ii. IV. 2. ' [iii.] Ch'ing,the State of, I. vii. title. Ch'ing, a district in the royal domain, III. iii. IX. 2. a city in Ch'in, I. xii. IX. Chuo-lm, Chow, the roval State, I. i. title ; vi. \\ii. \303\214. title; ; xiii. IV. ; xiv. IV. : II.i. II.; iv. VII. 3; VIII. 8; X. 2 ; v. III. 2 ; IX. I, 2 ; via. I. : III. i. I. ; II. ; III. ; IV. ; VI. ; VII. ; IX. ; iii. IV. 3 ; V. 1, 7 ; VIII. a: IV. i. title; [i-1 III.; VIII. ; [ii.] V. ; [iii.] X. ; XI. ; ii. II. 2, 3. Chow, the duke of, I. w. III. to VII. : IV. ii. IV. 3, 8. a city of Ch'ing, I. vii. V. Chow, Chow Ke'ang = T'ae I\303\255\303\251'ang, III. i.

IV.

a city taken from ii. IV. 8.

iii. ~\\. 2. I. v. IV. 2. Fuh-kwan, so III. iii. VII. 4. Fun, king Le, called, Loo by Ts'e, Fung, the name of the capital of Chow, and of a stream, III. i. X. and brotherly, the name of a hill, II. iii. V. 3. Gaou,
of

king

hunting

II. ground, name of aplace,

Jin,

III. i. II.
State

T'ae Jin, river,

the mother
I. i. X.

of

king Wan,

Joo, the Joo, a

Jung, Juv,

III. i. III.

on the east of the

9.

Ho,

State of, III. iii. VII. 5, the marquis of, III. ii. VII. Han, the v. X. 6 : Hau, river, I. i. IX. : III. iii. VIII. Hau, the name of a hill, III. i. V. Han of the marquis K'eih, the bride of Han, III. iii. VII. 5. a name of the western capital, Haou, II. iii. III. 4, 6; vii. VII.: III. i.

Han,

the

6.

II.

the State of, on the east of the Ho, III. i. III. 9. the name of a stream running Juy, into the King, III. ii. VI. 6. Juy, the earl of, III. iii. III.
Kan,

VIII. 5.

wild

tribes

of the

West, II. i.

VI. 6.

3.

the name of aplace,

I. iii. XIV.

Lo, the king, the L\303\253ang,

III.

iii.

He-sze, a
the H\303\253a, iii. IV.

brother

Luo, IV. ii. 6.

IV. 9.

of

the
iii.

marquis
I. 8 :

of

the king, K'ang, a town Kaou, Shun's Kaou-yaou,

Ke,

in Tsm,I. x. III.
minister
of

IV. i. p.] IX.

VII. Lew, duke, the

mountain

I. ; III.
of,

notes.

III.

iii.

Loh, the Loo, the

Man, vii.

dynasty, III.

IV.

VI. 1.

I. vii. II. one of three men buried in the grave of duke Muh, I. xi. VI. a mountain in Shen-se, I. Chnng-nan, xi. V. IX. 2. Chung Shan-foo, the minister of king Seuen, III. iii. VI. the State of, I. v. III. 1. Hing, the Chung-yun, the chief cook of king Ho, Hwang-ho river, I. iii. Yew, II. iv. IX. 4. XVIII.; iv. I.; v. III. 4 ; VII.; a wild III. iii. VII. 6. vi. VII. ; vii. V. ; xii. III. : II. v. Chuy, tribe, I. 6 : IV. i. [i.] VIII. ; [iii.] XI. ; Chwang, the duke of Loo, IV. ii. IV. 3. iii. III. Chwang Ke'ang, the wife of one of the marquises of \\Vei, I. iii. I. to V. Hoo and Yih, two hills in Loo, IV. ii. IV. 7. notes; \\. III. Hoo, the earl of Shaou, III. iii. VIII. under How-tseih, the first ancestor of Chow, Fan, the minister of Instruction III. ii. I. ; iii. III. 2 : IV. i. [i.] king Yew, II. iv. IX. 4. X. ; ii. IV. I, 2, 3. Fang, a place overrun by the northern tribes, II. iii. III. 4. the river, II. vi. IV. : III. iii. Hwae, Shuh, the leader of an expedition VIII. ; IX. : IV. ii. Ill- \302\2675, Fang 7, 8 ; to the South, 11.iii. IV. IV. 6, 7Fei-ts'euen, a river in Wei, I. iii. Hwan, the prince of Wei, I. iv. V.
Chung, Mr, Chung-hang,

Hea Nan, the sonof a mistress of the duke of Ch'in, I. xii. IX a river. III. i. II. 4. H\303\253ah, a district in the ruyal domain, He'iing, II. iv. IX. 6. a noble of king Seuen, III. He'en-foo, iii. VII. 3. H\303\253en-yun,a wild tribe in the north, II. i. VII. ; VIII. ; iii. III. ; IV. 4. Hcu, the State of, I. iv. X. : vi. IV. : IV. ii. IV. 8. the earl of Ch'ing, III. iii. H\303\253w-foo,

i. II. 2; K'e, the river,

IV. ii. III. king, the

5.

Crime,

IV. ii. title.

story of. III. ii. river, II. v. IX. State of, I. viii. VI.

VI.

X.

I. iii. XIV. 1; v. I. ; : IX. K'e, mount, III. i. III. 2; VII. IX. 8. i. [i.] V. ; ii. IV. 2 ; -Chow, IV. Mei, a district in Woi, I. iv. IV. III. iii. VIII. 5. the name of a place, I. iv. Mei, a district in the royal domain, K'e-shang,

father of VII. 3,4.

king Wan,

III.

IV. ;

V.

6:

the wild tribes of the South, II. IX. 8 : IV. ii. IV. 7 ; wild III. iii. VII. 6. trihes, M\303\241ng-tsze,a eunuch, II. v. VI. 7. wild tribes in the West, II. vii. Maou, III.

IV.

the K\303\253a-foo,

VII. 10.

author

of

an ode, II. iv.

XIV.

4.

Foo, or Poo, the prince

of, III.

iii. V.

notes.

under the chief administrator Kea-pih, king Ye'\\v, II. iv. IX. 4. the Yang-tpze, I. i. IX. ; Kfc'angriver, v. X. 6 : III. iii. VIII. of Te, tribes of the West, IV Ke'ang iii. V. 2. a surname, I. iv. IV. 1 ; vii. Ke'iing, IX. ; xii. III. : III. i. III. 2 ; VI. 1. Yuen, themotherof How-tseih, Ke'ang III. ii. I. : IV. ii. IV. I. IV. iii. IV. 6. of Hea, the tyrant, K\303\253eh in Keon-hoo, one of three men, buried the grave of duke Muh, I. xi. VI. II. viii. I. 3. a great clan-name, K\303\253ih, III. iii. VII. o. K'eih, a surname, who commanded an officer K\303\253ih-foo, to the North, II. iii. an expedition III. ; the author of odes, III. iii. V 8; VI. 8; IX. 2. tribes, III. i. III. 8 Kenn, barbarous of Hea, IV. Keun-woo, a principalitv

ii. XI. ; II.

the State of, III. i. VII. 5. Meih, Mih, amid tribe, III. iii. VII. 6 IV. ii. IV. 7. or plain of. III. Muh, the wilderness i. II. 7, 8 : IV. ii. IV. 2. the duke of Ts'in, I. xi. VI. Muh, a mountain in Loo, IV. ii. Mung,

iii. V.

6.

IV. 6.

Nan-chung

the leader of an expedition II. i. VIII. : III. iii. to the North, IX. 1. in a hill Ts'e, I. viii. II. Naou, Ne the name of a place in Wei, I. iii. XIV. 2.

Pang, a city

of

Paon, a nobleman's

I.)

Hwang-foo,

the

president

of

the)

iii. IV. 6.)

him, II. v. V. slandering Paou Sze,the favourite of king Yew, II. iv. VIII. ; IX. 4 : III. iii. X. 3. P'ci, I. iii. title. Pin, the State of, I. xv. title : III. ii. VI. 5, G.))

Ch'ing, I. vii. V. friend suspected of

430)

PEOPEE
State of, I. vi. of a place,

NAMES.)

INDEX

II.)

INDEX

II.)
name

PEOPEE
I. i. I. et seq.notes : X. ; u. X. ; iii. I. ;
of a river, I. viii.

NAMES.)

431)

P'oo, orFoo,the

III. iii.

IV. 2 :
I. iv.

Tae

V. 1.

i. I. et
III.

Sze,

seq.notes

the queen
a district

of king Wan, I. : III. i. II. ; VI.

Wan, the,

X.

T'ae-yun,

Sang-chung, the name

III. of S\303\253eh, IV. Seang-t'oo, the grandson iii. IV. 2. so the State of vii. V. a city of Ch'ing, I. T'ang, Tsin, called, I. S\303\253aou, x. title. the city of, II. viii. Seay, building III. ; the capital of Shin, III. ii!. V. T'ang the founder of Shang, IV. iii. I. to V. Seeh,the father of the Shang dynasty, tribes of, IV. iii. V. 2. IV. iii. III. ; IV. Te, the K\303\250ang a constellation, I. iv. VI. 1. iii. a XIV. of I. Ting, Seu, city Wei, Seu, the States of, about the river TO, branches of the Kc'ang river, I. ii. XI. Hwae, III. iii. IX. : IV. ii. IV. 7. Seuen, the king, II. v. III. : HI. iii. Too,a pKce near the capital, III. iii. VII. 3. IV. to IX. duke of Wei, and Ts'aou, the State of, I. xiv. title. Seuen, a dissolute Seuen K\303\253ang his wife, I. iii. VIH. Ts'aou, a city of Wei, I. iii. VI. 1 ; XIV. 4 ; iv. X. et seq.,-notes. small a Tse,the name of a place in Wei, I. iii. Soun, State, I. xiv. IV. XIV. 2. Shang, the dynasty, III. i. 1.4 : IV. i. [iii.] IX. ; ii. IV. 2 ; iii. title ; III. ; Ts'e, the Stateof, I. v. III.; viii. title; VI. ; X. ; xii. III. : III. iii. VI. 8. III. i. II. 2, 6, 7. IV. ; Yin-Bhang, a place occupied under the Grand-master Ts\303\251'aou, by the north Shang-foo, ern tribes, II. iii. III. 4. king Woo, III. i. II. 7, 8. Shan-kung, the name of a place, I. iv. Ts'eih, a river in Pin, II. iii. VI. 2 ; III. i. III. I : IV. i. [ii.] VI. an ancient city and principality, Ts'eu,a river in Pin, II. iii. VI. 2 : Shaou, III. i. III. 1 : IV. i. [ii.] VI. I. ii. title ; the duke of, I. ii. Y. : 6 ; Ts'euen-yuen, the Hundred III. ii. VIII. ; iii. VIII. 4, \316\264, Springs, the name of a river, the sameas FeiXI. 7 ; the earl of, II. viii. III. : I. v. V. III. iii. V. ; VIII. ts'euen, a city of Wei, I. iii. VII. ; \302\241v. Shin, the State of, I. vi. IV. ; the Tseueii, IX. chief of, III. iii. V. I. x. east of Tsin, the state of, called T'ang, Shoo, a half-civilized region, title. King, IV. ii. IV. 5. in a river vii. XIII. I . in I. a mountain ;) Shan-se, Tsin, Show-vung, Ch'ing,
brother of duke Ch\\vang of Ch'ing, 1. vii. III. ; IV. the State of, II. i. II. 4\342\200\2246. Sin, Sin-foo, a hill in Loo, IV. ii. IV. 9. a military com Sun Tsze-chung, mander of Wei, I. iii. VI. the State Sung, of, I. iii. VI. ; v. VII. ; xii. III. ; the duke of, IV. i. [ii.] IX. Sung, an ancient State, IV. iii. IV.
Shuh-twan,

I. v. III. 1. Stateof, the ancient duke, III. i. T'an-foo, a town in Wei, I. iv. VI. T'ang,

5.

in Shan-se, II. iii.

Wan,

T'an,

the

[iii.] X. ; u- IV. 2. Wei, I. iv. VI. notes. Wan, in the present Wei, the State of, mostly Ho-nan, I. iii. note on title; XIV. ; III. iv. X. ; v. title, the State of, in the present Ke'ae Wei, by the Chow, Shan-se, absorbed State of Tsin, I. ix. title. IV. iii. of H\303\253a, Wei, a principality
VII. [ii.]a ; duke of

III. i. I. to VIII. 4: IV.i.

the

king,

[i.]I.toV.; VII.;

the State of, III. iii. VII. 6. Yen, the name of a place, I. iii. XIV. 3. one of three men buried in Yen-seih, the grave of duke Muh, I. xi.
Yen,
Yew,

eclipse in the reign of king, II. iv. IX. a surname, I. iv. IV. 2. Yih, : IV. Yin, the dynasty, III. i. I. 5\342\200\2247 i. rii.1 X. : iii. III. V. 1 ; Shang,

VI.

IV. 6.

Wei,

We!, a river

in Ch'ing, I. vii. XIII. ; IV. 1 ; XXI. the guards under the Woo, the king, III. i. IX. ; X. ; iii. king Y't'w, II. iv. IX. 4. VIII. 4: IV.i. [i.] VIII.; IX.; X.; [iii.] Yuen, a State, III. i. VII. 5, 6. VII.; vni.; [ii.] Yuen-k'i\303\261v, the name of a mound, I. VIII. ; IX. ; ii. IV. 2. xii. 1. ; II. Woo, duke of Wei, I. iv. I. ; v. I. : II. vii. VI. : III. iii. II. only in the Yuh, K'\303\253uh-yuh. a city of Tsin, I. x.

4, 5 ; VII. 6 ;

the river,

I.

iii. ii.

X. 3 : VI. 6.

III. i. II.

Yin, the in the

III. i. II. ;

iii. clan-name

I. of a

Yu,

viii. I. the Great, II. VF. \316\214 \316\247. ; iii V. 3. iii. of \\u, captain

domain, II. royal IX. 2. 3 :\" III. \302\241ii.

great

iv. VII.

family

vi. VI. 1 : III. i. IV. 1 ; 1 : IV. \302\241i.

Woo,duke of Ch'ing, I. vii. I. note.s. a king of the Shang dynas Woo-ting, ty, IV. iii. III. ; V.)

iiotet.

III.

Y'ung,

Y'mig, a

a State,
surname,

I.

iv.

title. I. iv. IV.

3.)

x. XII.

of the marquis X. L. Tae Kwei, a concubine of the dukes of of Wei, I. iii. II. et seq., \302\273otes. Tsze, the surname Sung, I. xii. III. T'ae, the king, III. i. VII. : IV. i. a in Ch'in, I. clan name Tsze-chung, [i.] V. ; ii. IV. 2. xii. II. IV. ii. IV. 6. T'ae, the mountain, in Shen-se, III. ii. Tsze-ke'u, the clan name of three men T'ae, a principality buried in the grave of Muh, duke of I. o. T'aeJin, the mother of king Wan, Ts'in, I. xi. VI. two gentle and Tsze-ch'ung, III. i. II. 2 ; VI. Tsze-too, men so designated, I. vii. X. III. Tae K\303\250ang, the wife of T'an-foo, i. III. 2 ; VI. 1.) Tun-k'\303\253w,a place in Wei, I. v. IV. 1.)

the State of, I. xi. title. Ts-ing, a city in Ch'ing, I. vii. V. of the new capital Ts'uo, Ts'uo-kew, Wei, I. iv. VI. a hill in Loo, IV. ii. IV. 9. Tsco-lae, Tsow, the recorder of the Interior under king Yew, II. iv. IX. 4. a name of doubtful meaning, Tsow-yu, to be \" a righteous beast,\" supposed I. ii. XIV. Ts'ung,the State of, III. i. VII. 7, 8 ;
Tsdn,

THE END.)

PRINTERS.)) JOHN CHILDd AND SO\303\216\303\216,